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At present, there is a lack of imaging methods to monitor demyelination and myelin regeneration of central nervous system demyelinating diseases. All kinds of MRI techniques are used to measure demyelination indirectly and are vulnerable to other interference factors. PET is an imaging technique that can image central nervous system diseases at the molecular level. It can realize real⁃time imaging of function, metabolism, biochemistry and make up for the limitations of MRI. PET myelin imaging tracers have developed rapidly in recent years. There are currently three types of PET tracers targeting myelin: congo red derivatives, diphenylethylene derivatives and sulforaphane derivatives. The new multimodal medical imaging technology PET/MRI combines the advantages of PET molecular level imaging and MRI high soft tissue resolution to realize real⁃time fusion of anatomical structure and functional, metabolic, biochemical images. In the future, it may become an effective means to monitor demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system.