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Embroidery is a form of embellishment obtained by processing the figures on various surfaces. It has been done as multi-needle and computer-aided since the 1990s. Embroidery practice is applied with the aim of improving the appearance of the product and separating the product from similar ones. The embroidery process has direct effect on the cost and sale of the product and is used widely in the garment industry. Embroidery applied on the surface is supported by interlining in order to have better quality of the embroidery. In this research, all parameters intended for obtaining embroidered surface were kept constant and five different interlining types were applied as variables. Physical and comfort tests were performed for evaluating the comfort features of the embroidered surface. According to the findings obtained from the study, the use of water-soluble interlining was found to be appropriate in places that were in direct contact with the skin. © 2022 by the authors.

To reach carbon neutrality, the use of more eco-friendly building materials derived from recycled resources and industrial by-products has been widely encouraged. The use of Portland cement (PC) and concrete as the most used material in the world, after water, ends in the release of million tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere. On the other hand, fast fashion in the garment industry has resulted in a massive volume of textile waste (TW) that ends up in landfills worldwide. In this regard, a cementitious composite containing industrial by-products as a partial replacement of PC reinforced with recycled TW fibers could be a viable option in terms of both durability and sustainability. In this study, the durability of the hybrid TW/falx nonwoven fabric-reinforced cement composite modified with 30% Silica Fume (SF) was investigated by determining the effect of accelerated wet /dry cycles on the mechanical behavior (through the flexural test) and microstructural characteristics (through scanning and backscat-tered electron microscope). The results show that there was a negligible difference between the mechanical properties of the laminated composite treated with SF with respect to the one without SF in unaged conditions. Nonetheless, after accelerated aging, the fibers in the former could maintain their strength and flexibility, resulting in the composite with better post-cracking mechanical parameters by 40%. © 2022, fib. The International Federation for Structural Concrete. All rights reserved.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to study the operator activities in garment industry and the percentages of distribution of operations and to analyze the personal and delay allowances by observing the operations and deriving the ratios within a manufacturing period.Design/methodology/approachA work sampling technique is used. Relevant reports (1978‐2004) are studied to give the basis and methodology of the technique. In accordiance with work sampling techique, the operations to be observed in a sewing room are defined, the number of observations and observers required for each day and the procedure for making observations are determined and the distributions of work flows are calculated.FindingsIt is found that 72.7 per cent of working time in an general sewing room was spent for productive activities and 23.2 per cent for personal and unavoidable delay allowances.Practical implicationsWork sampling technique gives information about personal and delay allowances in a work flow of any sewing room. When the distributions of activites are determined, it is possible to find which activities are most responsible for low efficiency. For this purpose, standard operations time in a sewing room should be determined by time measurement studies and work flow should be organized.Originality/valueThis paper deals with an actual sewing room and gives general information about the distributions of activites in work flow which should be used for organization of any sewing room.

ii,141p.ill, The general objective of the study was to look at the state of garment production under AGOA in the freezone areas of Ghana. The study was conducted using 116 workers from four garment producing industries in Accra and Tema. Questionnaires and interview schedules were developed and used to collect data from the sampled workers. Statistical techniques such as means and percentages were used to analyse the data collected. The industries are in a way benefiting from the AGOA objectives but not as was stated. There is a difference between current production capacity of the industries and actual production capacity of the Industries. The industries and workforce have major challenges such as lack of motivation, inadequate facilities and amenities, lack of finance, insufficient managerial ability. The following recommendations, among others, were made: 1. The production managers and quality control units in the industries in Ghana should organize workshops and training for workers of the industries to educate them on garment producing techniques, garment performance, good fishing practices etc using technical men in the area. 2. The Ghana Trades Union should monitor the industries and make sure the workers are duly paid for what they work for and on time.3. The Government should help the industries financially or help them assess loans or the US credit facilities that will enable them acquire modern equipments and pay their workers well. Also this will enable them run the industries swiftly