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Background: Vitiligo is characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin. To date, there are no studies that analyze the changes in gene expression in the skin of vitiligo patients in response to narrow-band ultraviolet B (nb-UVB) phototherapy treatment. Objective: Explore the usefulness of new generation RNA sequencing in the identification of gene expression changes in the skin of vitiligo patients treated with nb-UVB phototherapy. Methods: Four skin biopsies (4mm in diameter) were collected from 45 Mexican vitiligo vulgaris patients, 2 specimens before and 2 after treatment with nb-UVB phototherapy, obtained from pigmented and non-pigmented tissue. RNA extracted from the biopsies was analyzed using the Illumina TruSeq Targeted RNA Expression protocol to study the expression of genes that participate in pathways of skin homeostasis. The 2 groups were compared using Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The expression analysis identified differences in 12 genes included in this study after comparing the samples obtained before and after treatment: 5 genes involved in skin pigmentation, 2 genes involved in apoptosis, 2 genes involved in cell survival, 2 genes involved in oxidative stress responses and 1 gene involved in signal transduction mechanisms (p

The results of the TNA process are available for integration into national planning processes and for funding and implementation by interested stakeholders. Participating countries gain improved in-country capacity on the methodologies and process of conducting a TNA, including stakeholder engagement, multi-criteria analysis, barrier analysis and preparation of project concepts, including financial proposals. The outputs of the project will be generated using a transparent participatory approach, with strong national stakeholder engagement, which will enable national consensuses on priority technologies and actions to emerge.The TNA project has three main steps (Figure 1) starting with the prioritization of technologies for mitigation and adaptation using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) within a few sectors based on national and sectoral development priorities and alignment with NDCs. The actions needed to implement the prioritized technologies are proposed within the TAP. They emanate from the Barrier Analysis and Enabling Framework step, which helps identify a wide variety of barriers (economic, legal, institutional, social, cultural, market, technical, etc.) and possible means of addressing these barriers, including policy options for creating enabling frameworks. Ways of addressing the barriers are then prioritized, high-priority measures being included in the Technology Action Plans (TAPs) and referred to as actions. These actions are further broken down into activities, some activities in the TAP becoming project ideas. These project ideas can then be scaled up further into project concepts and finally into full proposals for submission to donors and financiers to enable implementation.

The results of the TNA process are available for integration into national planning processes and for funding and implementation by interested stakeholders. Participating countries gain improved in-country capacity on the methodologies and process of conducting a TNA, including stakeholder engagement, multi-criteria analysis, barrier analysis and preparation of project concepts, including financial proposals. The outputs of the project will be generated using a transparent participatory approach, with strong national stakeholder engagement, which will enable national consensuses on priority technologies and actions to emerge.The TNA project has three main steps (Figure 1) starting with the prioritization of technologies for mitigation and adaptation using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) within a few sectors based on national and sectoral development priorities and alignment with NDCs. The actions needed to implement the prioritized technologies are proposed within the TAP. They emanate from the Barrier Analysis and Enabling Framework step, which helps identify a wide variety of barriers (economic, legal, institutional, social, cultural, market, technical, etc.) and possible means of addressing these barriers, including policy options for creating enabling frameworks. Ways of addressing the barriers are then prioritized, high-priority measures being included in the Technology Action Plans (TAPs) and referred to as actions. These actions are further broken down into activities, some activities in the TAP becoming project ideas. These project ideas can then be scaled up further into project concepts and finally into full proposals for submission to donors and financiers to enable implementation.

Brucella microti was isolated a decade ago from wildlife and soil in Europe. Compared to the classical Brucella species, it exhibits atypical virulence properties such as increased growth in human and murine macrophages and lethality in experimentally infected mice. A spontaneous rough (R) mutant strain, derived from the smooth reference strain CCM4915T, showed increased macrophage colonization and was non-lethal in murine infections. Whole-genome sequencing and construction of an isogenic mutant of B. microti and Brucella suis 1330 revealed that the R-phenotype was due to a deletion in a single gene, namely wbkE (BMI_I539), encoding a putative glycosyltransferase involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide biosynthesis. Complementation of the R-strains with the wbkE gene restored the smooth phenotype and the ability of B. microti to kill infected mice. LPS with an intact O-polysaccharide is therefore essential for lethal B. microti infections in the murine model, demonstrating its importance in pathogenesis. Published

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el nivel de influencia de la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE), las actitudes ciudadanas y la transparencia, para fomentar el comportamiento ciudadano organizacional (CCO). La hipótesis que se plantea es que sí existe una influencia positiva y significativa de las tres variables en el CCO. El estudio se lleva a cabo en un grupo de 12 empresas industriales en el noreste de México con una muestra de 213 colaboradores. La metodología empleada está basada en el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Se concluye que la RSE es la única variable que influye significativamente y de forma directa en el CCO, las otras dos solo la afectan de manera indirecta. Abstract This paper aims to analyze the level of influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR), citizen attitudes and transparency in fostering organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The paper hypothesizes that these three variables have a positive and significant influence on OCB. The study was carried out on a group of 12 industrial enterprises in northeastern Mexico with a sample of 213 employees. The methodology used is based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The paper concludes that CSR is the only variable that significantly and directly influences OCB, while the remaining two variables have only an indirect influence on it. Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o nível de influência da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC), as atitudes dos cidadãos e a transparência, para promover o Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional (CCO). A hipótese que surge é que existe uma influência positiva e significativa das três variáveis no CCO. O estudo foi realizado em um grupo de 12 empresas industriais no nordeste do México, com uma amostra de 213 funcionários. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (Structural Equation Modeling, SEM, em inglês). Conclui-se que a RSC é a única variável que influência significativamente e afeta diretamente o CCO, as outras duas apenas afetam indiretamente.

Ecthyma gangrenosum is a rare skin infection classically associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We performed a retrospective study of all cases diagnosed with ecthyma gangrenosum from 2004-2010 in a university hospital in Mexico (8 cases, 5 female patients and 3 male patients, ages between 4 months and 2 years). The most common risk factor for ecthyma gangrenosum is neutropenia in immunocompromised patients. In previously healthy patients, immunological evaluation is important to rule out underlying immunodeficiency. Ecthyma gangrenosum in healthy patients has a high mortality rate and early diagnosis and aggressive antibiotic treatment is imperative as it can improve patients' prognosis.

Resumen El presente artículo se enfoca en el tema de igualdad de género y tiene el objetivo de estudiar, mediante un análisis de varianza (ANOVA), las variables que influyen en la brecha entre hombres y mujeres en los países de la Alianza del Pacífico, para contrastarlo con el resto de América Latina. La fuente de la cual se extrajo la información es el Foro Económico Mundial. A partir de lo anterior, se encontró que solo la variable participación económica de la mujer marca una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en este gremio de países en comparación con el resto de Latinoamérica, aunque también se encontró que el factor de la participación política arroja resultados importantes para analizar. Se concluye que la Alianza del Pacífico debe implementar estrategias para reducir la marcada brecha de género en la dimensión económica y política como una vía para generar ventaja competitiva en el escenario internacional. Abstract This article aims at studying the gender gap in Latin America. It was focusing on identifying, with an analysis of variance (ANOVA), which variables influence the gap between men and women in the countries of the Pacific Alliance to contrast them with the rest of Latin America. The information was extracted from the World Economic Forum database. It was found that only one variable 'the economic participation of women' has a significant difference between this group of countries compared to the rest of Latin America. Also, it was identified that the variable 'political empowerment', presents an important difference which is also analyzed. It is concluded that the Pacific Alliance presents lower indicators in this variable, therefore it is important to promote and increase the participation of women in economic and political activities in this group of countries. Resumo Este artigo incide sobre a questão da igualdade de gênero e tem como objetivo estudar, por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA), as variáveis que influenciam a diferença entre homens e mulheres nos países da Alianc¸ a do Pacífico, para contrastar com o resto da América Latina. A fonte a partir da qual a informação foi extraída é o Fórum Econômico Mundial. Do acima exposto, verificou-se que apenas a variável participação econômica das mulheres diferentes marca uma diferença estatisticamente significativa nessa união de países com o resto da América Latina, mas também descobriram que o fator da participação política produz resultados importantes para analisar. Conclui-se que a Aliança do Pacífico deve implementar estratégias para reduzir as marcadas disparidades de gênero na dimensão econômica e política como uma forma de gerar vantagem competitiva no cenário internacional.

Background: DRESS Syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) is an uncommon disease caused by drugs. It is characterized by a polymorphic disseminated eruption with fever and multiple organ dysfunction. Aim: To report the etiology, characteristics, treatment, prognosis, and follow up of patients with DRESS Syndrome admitted to a clinical hospital. Material and Methods: Review of medical records of patients admitted for drug reactions, selecting those patients complying with clinical criteria for DRESS Syndrome. Drugs used during three months prior to the onset of symptoms were evaluated as possible causes of the disease. Results: Nine patients aged 16 to 68 years (six males) complied with the clinical criteria for the disease. The causative medications were carbamazepine in three patients, phenytoin in three, antituberculous drugs in two and amoxicillin in one. All were treated with systemic steroids with a complete clinical resolution. Conclusions: DRESS syndrome is usually underdiagnosed and has a good response to systemic steroids.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del NUPRO (Alltech de México S. A. de C.V.), producto obtenido de levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae en lechones post-destete, sobre el consumo de alimento, ganancia diaria, eficiencia alimenticia y relación de eficiencia proteica (REP), sobrevivencia, así como sobre el peso al sacrificio, peso y rendimiento de canal caliente; peso y longitud del tracto gastro-intestinal (TGI) y sus partes, y también sobre los niveles de metabolitos (glucosa, urea, creatinina, colesterol y proteína total) y minerales (Ca, P, Mg y Zn) en suero sanguíneo. Se utilizaron 81 lechones provenientes de hembras primíparas de cruces (Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc y Landrace). Los lechones se destetaron a los 23 días de edad, con 5,71 kg de peso vivo promedio al destete. Las dietas se basaron en pasta de soya Glycine max más sorgo Sorghum vulgare y fueron isoproteicas (21,0% proteína cruda) e isoenergéticas (3.110 Mcal energía metabolizable/ kg), con un contenido de lisina 1,33%; Ca 1,37% y P 0,74%. Se usaron tres tratamientos con tres repeticiones: T1 (dieta basal, DB); T2 (DB + 2,0% NUPRO) y T3 (DB + 4,0% NUPRO). El consumo de alimento, la ganancia diaria de peso, la eficiencia alimenticia, la REP y sobrevivencia de lechones no fue afectado por la adición del NUPRO a la dieta. Sin embargo, en T1 se presentó cuadro diarreico y anorexia. El peso al sacrificio fue similar entre tratamientos (P 0,05). El peso de la canal caliente (kg) y el rendimiento en canal caliente (%) fueron significativamente diferentes (P 0,05) con valores de 6,18; 7,55 kg y 6,78 kg y 49; 58 y 57%, respectivamente, para T1, T2, y T3. El peso (P 0,07) y longitud (P 0,01) del intestino grueso fueron diferentes entre tratamientos, con valores de 0,260; 0,390 y 0,340 kg y 2,15; 3,11 y 2,27 metros para T1, T2 y T3. El contenido de metabolitos y minerales en suero sanguíneo no fueron afectados por el NUPRO en la dieta, a excepción del Mg, que fue diferente y conforme incrementa NUPRO en la dieta se incrementa el contenido de Mg en el suero. Se concluye que al suplementar dietas con NUPRO mejora el peso y rendimiento de canal caliente así como el peso y la longitud de intestino grueso, sin afectar las demás variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NUPRO (Alltech de Mexico SA de CV), product obtained from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in post-weaning piglets, on feed intake, daily gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio (PER ), survival, and on slaughter weight, weight and hot carcass yield, weight and length of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) and its parts, and also on the levels of metabolites (glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and total protein) and minerals (Ca, P, Mg and Zn) in blood serum. It was used 81 crossbred piglets from primiparous sows of crosses (Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc and Landrace). The piglets were weaned at 23 days of age, with 5.71 kg live weight in average at weaning. The diets were based on soybean meal Glycine max plus sorghum vulgare and were isoproteic (21.0% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,110 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg), with a concentration of 1.33% lysine; 1.37% Ca, and 0.74% P. It was used three treatments with three replications: T1 (basal diet, BD), T2 (BD + 2.0% NUPRO) and T3 (BD + 4.0% NUPRO). Feed intake, daily weight gain, feed efficiency, PER and piglet survivals were not affected by the addition of NUPRO to diet. However, in T1 was presented diarrheal and anorexia. The slaughter weight was similar among treatments (P 0.05). The hot carcass weight (kg) and hot carcass yield (%) were significantly different (P 0.05) with values of 6.18, 7.55 kg and 6.78 kg and 49, 58 and 57%, respectively for T1, T2, and T3. The weight (P 0.07) and length (P 0.01) of the large intestine differed between treatments, with respective values of 0.260, 0.390 and 0.340 kg and 2.15, 3.11 and 2.27 meters for T1, T2 and T3. The concentration of metabolites and minerals in blood serum were not affected by the NUPRO in diet, except for Mg, which was different; as in the diet increases NUPRO increases the Mg concentration in serum. It is concluded that supplementing diets with NUPRO improves weight and yields of hot carcass and the weight and length of the large intestine, without affecting the other variables. 29-37 gacr430421@gmail.com

There were fed 48 bulls with mating of breeds Brahman, Beef master, Charolais and Brangus for 90 days, adding the last 30 days the β-adrenergic zilpaterol hydrochloride and ractopamine hydrochloride. They were divided into 3 groups, the control group, the group added zilpaterol hydrochloride and the group supplemented with ractopamine hydrochloride, each group with 4 replicates and each of the iteration consists of 4 cattle. We evaluated the cost benefit ratio of the main production parameters such as daily food consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion and carcass yield in each treatment and comparing their results with each other. Based on the results it was concluded that the use of β-adrenergic both technically and economically feasible to fatten cattle corral.

There were fed 48 bulls with mating of breeds Brahman, Beef master, Charolais and Brangus for 90 days, adding the last 30 days the β-adrenergic zilpaterol hydrochloride and ractopamine hydrochloride. They were divided into 3 groups, the control group, the group added zilpaterol hydrochloride and the group supplemented with ractopamine hydrochloride, each group with 4 replicates and each of the iteration consists of 4 cattle. We evaluated the cost benefit ratio of the main production parameters such as daily food consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion and carcass yield in each treatment and comparing their results with each other. Based on the results it was concluded that the use of β-adrenergic both technically and economically feasible to fatten cattle corral.

La presente tesis expone las estrategias organizacionales para promover el estudio de la preparatoria en sistema abierto entre el personal que no cuenta con estos estudios. Onest Logistics reconoce las ventajas de propiciar el desarrollo humano al hacer estudios dentro del ámbito de la educación formal, dado que desarrolla competencias cognitivas útiles en las tareas cotidianas. Por otro lado, los apoyos que ofrece la empresa a sus trabajadores para estudiar, genera mejoras en el clima organizacional y en la lealtad de los empleados. El presente trabajo es el resultado de 5 años del programa implementado en esta empresa del sector servicios.

Esta investigación integra dos temas centrales: el significado del trabajo en la vida del ser humano y su propósito o sentido de vida. En la parte empírica, ambos conceptos se relacionan (prueba t de student) y se exponen las conclusiones producto de la evidencia empírica asociada a las respuestas. La experiencia adquirida durante el ejercicio profesional se relaciona con el sentido y el propósito de vida. La investigación confirma la importancia de los programas y proyectos que vinculan la academia con las prácticas o experiencias profesionales que los alumnos realizan en empresas y organizaciones; y que resultan ser experiencias que otorgan sentido y propósito de vida.

Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación de lisina en dietas para cerdos en iniciación sobre ganancia de peso y características de la canal y cárnicas. Se utilizaron 18 cerdos castrados (Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc y Landrace) con peso vivo inicial promedio de 10,13 kg y 40 días de edad. Se asignaron en tres tratamientos (T) con 6 repeticiones cada uno. El testigo (T1) fue dieta basal sin lisina adicionada; T2 = T1 + 0,285 kg de L-lisina/100 kg de alimento, y T3 = T1 + 0,569 kg de lisina/100 kg de alimento. Los cerdos se alimentaron por 33 d. La dieta basal fue de sorgo, (Sorghum vulgare) y pasta de soya, (Glicine max) (20,81% de PC y 3.460 Mcal EM/kg de MS). Al final del período de alimentación se registró el peso de los animales, la altura a la cruz (cm), circunferencia torácica (cm), espesor de grasa dorsal medida con ultrasonido. Para las características de la canal y cárnicas se sacrificaron al azar cuatro animales por tratamiento. Para muestras de costilla, jamón y paleta de cada canal se analizó para MS, PC, grasa y cenizas. No se encontró diferencias (P 0,05) entre tratamientos para ganancia de peso, altura a la cruz, circunferencia torácica, y grasa dorsal (mm). Para peso al sacrificio, rendimiento de la canal caliente y fría, área del ojo de la costilla, contenido de MS, PC, grasa y cenizas de costilla, jamón y paleta fueron similares (P 0,05) entre tratamientos. Se concluye que la lisina como promotor de crecimiento de tejido magro no se reflejó en ganancia de peso, características de la canal o composición de la carne de los cerdos en iniciación. The effect of lysine supplementation in diets for growing pigs on weight gain, carcass and meat characteristics was evaluated. Eighteen castrated pigs (Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc y Landrace) of 10.13 kg initial weight and 40 d of T2 = T1 + 0.285 kg of lysine / 100 kg of feed; and T3 = T1 + 0.569100 kg of feed. Basal diet contained 20.81% CP and 3,460 Mcal/kg of ME. Pigs were fed for 33 d. At the end of the feeding trial final weight, cross height (cm) and thoracic circumference (cm), and subcutaneous fat measured with ultrasound were recorded. For carcass and meat characteristics, four pigs per treatment selected at random were slaughtered. Samples of rib, ham and shoulder from each carcass were analyzed for DM, CP, fat and ash. There were no differences (P>0.05) between treatments for weight gain, cross height, thoracic circumference, weight at sacrifice, hot and cold carcass yields, rib eye area and subcutaneous fat. The content of DM, CP, fat and ash was similar (P>0.05) among treatments. It is concluded that lysine as growth promotant of lean tissue was no reflected in weight gain, carcass characteristics or meat composition of the growing pigs. 61-66 rgarcas@uaaan.mx Bimestral

Gaining market share and increasing revenue stream are important aspects to every company. In order to reach these goals, sometimes companies have a need to explore foreign markets that can provide new business opportunities for their product solutions. However, there might be many barriers to achieving these goals, for example lack of access and information from the targeted end-users and differences in languages and culture too. The objective of this thesis is to develop a framework for identifying potential end-users and how to target them, that is, how to find suitable distribution channel partners that have access to the targeted market segments that can resell the products to them. To answer these research objectives, the theoretical framework proposes a model for identifying and segmenting the market and for evaluating and selecting an appropriate distribution channel partner. The main results of the research indicate that there is potential for both products studied. In the case of the Standard Price Pylon, it was observed that there are approximately 6.716 fuel stations in Poland and around 47 per cent of them are owned by independent gas station owners, who can be considered as potential end-users for this product solution. The potential distribution channel partners selected are two companies that are distributors of gas station equipment such as gas pumps, hoses and guns. They, too, can provide additional value added services such as the construction and restoration of fuel stations. These companies operate in Poland and they are PetroNova and Fortis. In the case of the LED-line, it was more challenging to identify potential end-users because this solution depends more on the value added perceived by its potential end-user which is relative to their own perception. However, there are several interesting potential distribution channels that operate in the Baltic countries and Poland. The company to be considered the best channel alternative is Onninen. /Kir10

Virulence 10(1), 868-878 (2019). doi:10.1080/21505594.2019.1682762

Brucella microti was isolated a decade ago from wildlife and soil in Europe. Compared to the classical Brucella species, it exhibits atypical virulence properties such as increased growth in human and murine macrophages and lethality in experimentally infected mice. A spontaneous rough (R) mutant strain, derived from the smooth reference strain CCM4915T, showed increased macrophage colonization and was non-lethal in murine infections. Whole-genome sequencing and construction of an isogenic mutant of B. microti and Brucella suis 1330 revealed that the R-phenotype was due to a deletion in a single gene, namely wbkE (BMI_I539), encoding a putative glycosyltransferase involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide biosynthesis. Complementation of the R-strains with the wbkE gene restored the smooth phenotype and the ability of B. microti to kill infected mice. LPS with an intact O-polysaccharide is therefore essential for lethal B. microti infections in the murine model, demonstrating its importance in pathogenesis.

Brucella microti was isolated a decade ago from wildlife and soil in Europe. Compared to the classical Brucella species, it exhibits atypical virulence properties such as increased growth in human and murine macrophages and lethality in experimentally infected mice. A spontaneous rough (R) mutant strain, derived from the smooth reference strain CCM4915T, showed increased macrophage colonization and was non-lethal in murine infections. Whole-genome sequencing and construction of an isogenic mutant of B. microti and Brucella suis 1330 revealed that the R-phenotype was due to a deletion in a single gene, namely wbkE (BMI_I539), encoding a putative glycosyltransferase involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide biosynthesis. Complementation of the R-strains with the wbkE gene restored the smooth phenotype and the ability of B. microti to kill infected mice. LPS with an intact O-polysaccharide is therefore essential for lethal B. microti infections in the murine model, demonstrating its importance in pathogenesis.

Brucella microti was isolated a decade ago from wildlife and soil in Europe. Compared to the classical Brucella species, it exhibits atypical virulence properties such as increased growth in human and murine macrophages and lethality in experimentally infected mice. A spontaneous rough (R) mutant strain, derived from the smooth reference strain CCM4915T, showed increased macrophage colonization and was non-lethal in murine infections. Whole-genome sequencing and construction of an isogenic mutant of B. microti and Brucella suis 1330 revealed that the R-phenotype was due to a deletion in a single gene, namely wbkE (BMI_I539), encoding a putative glycosyltransferase involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide biosynthesis. Complementation of the R-strains with the wbkE gene restored the smooth phenotype and the ability of B. microti to kill infected mice. LPS with an intact O-polysaccharide is therefore essential for lethal B. microti infections in the murine model, demonstrating its importance in pathogenesis.

"La investigación se llevó a cabo en dos etapas 1. Comportamiento de los corderos, el estudio de crecimiento tuvo una duración de 71 días, donde 15 días fueron de adaptación y 56 días para obtención de datos sobre consumo de materia seca, ganancia diaria de peso y eficiencia alimenticia de 0-28, 29-56 y 0-60 d, así como la obtención de datos sobre tiempo (min) de consumo y rumia, durante un periodo por 24 h. Se utilizó a ocho corderos machos enteros en crecimiento, con peso promedio de 14.00 kg. Los que fueron asignados aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos. Confinados individualmente en corrales con comedero y bebedero, se utilizó una ración base en los tratamientos, preparada con sorgo (entero y molido) y pasta de soya. Los tratamientos a evaluar son los siguientes: (1) ración base, sin anticuerpo de yema de huevo (IgY) y sin NuPro (SA/SN); (2) ración base con 0.125% de anticuerpos (CA/SN); (3) ración base con 4.0% de NuPro (SA/CN); y (4) ración base con 0.125% de anticuerpos y 4.0% de NuPro (CA/CN). 2. Rendimiento de la canal; se obtuvo peso de la canal al sacrificio (caliente) y peso canal frío y se obtuvo rendimiento (%) de canal caliente y frío. Se realizó toma de medidas zoométricas (cm): altura a la cruz, altura a la cadera, longitud de tuberosidades y circunferencia torácica, también se registraron los pesos de las vísceras con y sin digesto (contenido gastrointestinal), hígado, pulmones, sangre, corazón y riñones. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, con arreglo factorial 2x2 (dos niveles de anticuerpo IgY y dos niveles de NuPro) con dos repeticiones. En el peso final de los corderos no se encontró diferencia significativa (P≥0.05) de igual manera para consumo de materia seca, ganancia diaria de peso y conversión alimenticia para los tratamientos con NuPro (SA/CN) y para el tratamiento que se uso en combinación el anticuerpo IgY con NuPro (CA/CN) de los días 0 a 28, 29 a 56 y 0 a 56. El tiempo de consumo se vio afectado (P≤0.05), en los tratamientos CA/SN y SA/CN, sin embargo el tiempo de rumia y masticación no hubo diferencia significativa (P≥0.05) en ninguno de los tratamientos. De igual manera en las variables peso al sacrificio, pesos y rendimientos en canal caliente y frío La variable circunferencia torácica tuvo efecto (P≤0.05), en el tratamiento CA/SN. En las siguientes variables altura a la cadera, altura a la cruz, circunferencia torácica, longitud de tuberosidades, pesos de los riñones, corazón, hígado, (lt) de sangre, pesos de intestino delgado, intestino grueso, abomaso, rumen, retículo, omaso con y sin digesta, peso del tracto gastrointestinal en conjunto con digesta, peso de tracto respiratorio y pulmones no fueron diferentes estadísticamente (P≥0.05) entre los tratamientos SA/SN, CA/SN, SA/CN y CA/CN." "The research was carried out in two stages 1. Behavior of the Lambs, the growth study lasted for 71 days, where 15 days were for adaptation and 56 days to obtain data on dry matter intake, daily gain and feed conversion of 0-28, 29-56 and 0-60 d, as well as obtaining data on time (min) consumption and rumination, for a period of 24 h. We used eight lambs on growing entire males with an average weight of 14.00 kg. Those who were randomly allocated into four groups. Confined individually in pens with food and water bowls, we used a ration based prepared with sorghum (whole and ground) and soybean meal. The treatments to evaluate are: (1) ration without of egg yolk antibody (IgY) and without NuPro (SA/SN); (2) ration with 0.125% of antibodies (CA/SN), (3) ration with 4.0% of NuPro (SN/CN) and (4) ration with antibody 0.125% and 4.0% of NuPro (CA/CN). 2. Performance carcass, was obtained carcass weight at slaughter (hot) and cold carcass weight was obtained performance (%) hot and cold channel. Were recorded Zoometric measures (cm): height at withers, height hip, length tuberosities and thoracic circumference, also recorded the weights of the viscera with and without digest (gastrointestinal contents), liver, lungs, blood, heart and kidneys. We used a completely randomized design with 2x2 factorial arrangement (two levels of IgY antibody and two levels of NuPro) with two replications. In the final weight of the lambs was not significant difference (P≥0.05) similarly for dry matter intake, daily gain and feed conversion for treatments NuPro (SA/CN) and for the treatment as used in combination antibody IgY with NuPro (CA/CN) from days 0 to 28, 29 to 56 and 0 to 56. The time intake was affected (P≤0.05) in treatments CA/SN and SA/CN, however rumination time and chewing no significant difference (P≥0.05) in any of the treatments. Similarly in the variables slaughter weight, carcass weights and performance hot and cold. The variable thoracic circumference affected (P≤0.05) in the treatment CA/SN. The following variables hip height, wither height, thoracic circumference, length tuberosities, weights of the kidneys, heart, liver, (lt) of blood, weights of small intestine, large intestine, abomasum, rumen, reticulum, with and without digesta, gastrointestinal tract weight with digesta, respiratory tract weight and lungs were not statistically different (P≥0.05) among treatments SA/SN, CA/SN, SA/CN and CA/CN."

Este documento pretende detallar el desarrollo de una propuesta para la producción de un documental histórico sobre el genocidio de más de 300 chinos durante la primera toma de Torreón, Coahuila por parte del ejército Revolucionario. A través de la modalidad expositiva del documental se intenta aclarar los hechos ocurridos y desmentir algunas versiones que han proliferado en la población de Torreón respecto de esta masacre. El comentario experto de historiadores y representantes de la comunidad china de esta ciudad sirve para elaborar una semblanza de los hechos ocurridos y propicia la comprensión de esta masacre como testimonio de una campaña de discriminación contra este grupo étnico fomentada por el Estado Mexicano durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Maestro en Ciencias con especialidad en Comunicación

El tema de la migración no es reciente y ha sido objeto de estudio desde diferentes perspectivas, como son las políticas, económicas y sociales. Desde el principio de los tiempos ha existido el movimiento de grupos de personas de un territorio hacia otro; sin embargo, el tema que interesa es el de la migración de personas originarias de México hacia Estados Unidos a partir del siglo XX. Los debates que tienen como tema central la migración se detienen en hablar de las cuestiones generales del fenómeno: los números macroeconómicos que representan las remesas, las leyes de inmigración de Estados Unidos y más recientemente un acuerdo migratorio entre México y Estados Unidos. Al migrante en estos debates, por lo general se le asigna una identidad como un ente que se forma del conjunto y se deja de lado su esencia propia y persona.

Livestock activity in Mexico occupies 60% of the total area of the country. The Mexican tropic is extensive and enormously rich in a misused forage resource. Forages are an important source of many nutrients for grazing ruminants, but are deficient in others. In the dry tropics of Mexico, ruminants cannot achieve an acceptable level of productivity, even with abundant fodder, and supplementation of livestock with minerals is necessary to improve growth and reproductive efficiency. This study was carried out with the objective of establishing a systematic mapping of crude protein (PC) concentrations, macro-minerals and trace minerals of soils and forages of the neo-volcanic axis of the state of Nayarit, during the rainy season. The sampling period was carried out in the second fortnight of September and October 2001. The 121 samples of zacate were dried in a stove at 50°C and ground through a 1 mm diameter sieve in a Wiley mill. Soil samples, collected in the places where the forage samples were obtained, were dried, crumbled and passed through a stainless steel sieve and 2 mm diameter pores, for later laboratory analysis. The concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) in the forage samples were determined with a photoflammometer. Phosphorus (P) was analyzed by colorimetry. Magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Crude protein was determined as N Kjeldahl x 6.25. Soil pH determination was used using a potentiometer. Soil organic matter content was determined by the Walkley-Black method. Ca and M g in soil were determined by EDTA, Na and K by photoflammometry, P by colorimetry, and Fe, Cu, Mn, Co and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average PC in forage was 6.69%. La actividad ganadera en México ocupa el 60% de la superficie total del país. El trópico mexicano es extenso y enormemente rico en un recurso forrajero mal utilizado. Los forrajes son una importante fuente de muchos nutrientes para los rumiantes en pastoreo, pero son deficientes en otros. En el trópico seco de México los rumiantes no pueden lograr un nivel aceptable de productividad, aun con abundante cantidad de forrajes, siendo necesaria la suplementación del ganado con minerales para mejorar el crecimiento y la eficiencia reproductiva. Este estudio se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de establecer un mapeo sistemático de las concentraciones de proteína cruda (PC), macro-minerales y minerales traza de suelos y forrajes del eje neo-volcánico del estado de Nayarit, durante la época de lluvias. El periodo de muestreo se efectuó en la segunda quincena del mes de septiembre y el mes de octubre del año 2001. Las 121 muestras de zacate fueron secadas en una estufa a 50°C y molidas a través de una criba de 1 mm de diámetro en un molino Wiley. Muestras de suelo, colectadas en los sitios donde se obtuvieron las muestras del forraje, fueron secadas, desmoronadas y pasadas por un tamiz de acero inoxidable y poros de 2 mm de diámetro, para su posterior análisis de laboratorio. Las concentraciones de calcio (Ca), potasio (K) y sodio (Na) de las muestras de forrajes fueron determinadas con un fotoflamómetro. El fósforo (P) fue analizado por colorimetría. Magnesio (Mg), hierro (Fe), cobre (Cu), manganeso (Mn), cobalto (Co) y zinc (Zn) fueron analizados por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Proteína cruda fue determinada como N Kjeldahl x 6.25. La determinación de pH del suelo se utilizó usando un potenciómetro. El contenido de materia orgánica del suelo se determinó por el método de Walkley-Black. Ca y M g en suelo fueron determinados por EDTA, Na y K por fotoflamometría, P por colorimetría, y Fe, Cu, Mn, Co y Zn por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. El Promedio de PC en forraje fue de 6.69%.

Of the non-nutritious additives that can be used in the nutrition of lambs in corral, the lonophores stand out, which modify the ruminal fermentation, improving the utilization of the energy of the ration, and consequently, the alimentary efficiency. This research was carried out in the facilities of the Antonio Narro Autonomous Agrarian University. Food and faeces samples were analyzed at the Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, while urine and volatile fatty acid samples were analyzed at the Laboratorio de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. The work consisted of three stages: (1) Adaptation of the animals; (2) Collection of samples; and (3) Analysis and interpretation of the results. Twenty growing lambs, weighing approximately 16 kg, were used, which were randomly assigned in a completely random design, with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (two lonophores and two levels of sodium malate). The four treatments or rations were: (1) ration with 30 parts per million (ppm) of lasalocid (L) ppm; (2) ration with 30 ppm of lasalocid and 0.3% of sodium malate (LM); (3) ration with 30 ppm of monensin (M); and (4) ration with 30 ppm of monensin and 0.3% of malate (MM). The animals were confined in individual wooden metabolic cages with metal mesh flooring. De los aditivos no-nutritivos que pueden usarse en la nutrición de corderos en corral, destacan los lonóforos, los cuales modifican la fermentación ruminal, mejorando la utilización de la energía de la ración, y en consecuencia, la eficiencia alimenticia. Esta investigación se desarrolló en las instalaciones de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Los análisis de muestras de alimentos y heces se realizaron en la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, mientras que las muestras de orina y ácidos grasos volátiles se analizaron en el Laboratorio de Nutrición Animal, de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. El trabajo consistió en tres etapas: (1) Adaptación de los animales; (2) Colección de muestras; y (3) Análisis e interpretación de los resultados. Se emplearon veinte corderos en crecimiento, con peso aproximado de 16 kg, los cuales se asignaron aleatoríamente en un diseño completamente al azar, con un arreglo factorial 2 x 2 (dos lonóforos y dos niveles de malato de sodio). Los cuatro tratamientos o raciones fueron: (1) ración con 30 partes por millón (ppm) de lasalocida (L) ppm; (2) ración con 30 ppm de lasalocida y 0.3% de malato de sodio (LM); (3) ración con 30 ppm de monensina (M); y (4) ración con 30 ppm de monensina y 0.3% de malato (MM). Los animales se confinaron en jaulas metabólicas individuales, de madera, con piso de rejilla metálica.

"A la fecha, los requerimientos de biotina para los cerdos no se han determinado, por lo que los niveles utilizados son solo aproximaciones. Por lo anterior se probó el efecto de la adición de altos niveles de biotina en dietas a base de sorgo y soya para cerdas de primer parto antes y durante la gestación. Las variables evaluadas Fueron los días para que las cerdas presentaran celo y se aparearan, ganancia de peso de la cerda durante la gestación, tamaño de la camada y peso de los lechones al nacer. Se utilizaron 21 cerdas de primer parto (Landrace-(orkshire) que se alimentaron con una dieta a base de sorgo soya (13.41 por ciento de PC y 3247.67 Kcal/EM) conteniendo 0.07, 10 y 28.3 ppm de biotina/kg antes y durante la gestación. Se les ofreció 1.8 kg de alimento/animal/día. El nivel de biotina mejoró (P< 0.05) 11 tiempo para la presentación de celo y sean apareadas 41.57, 25.14 y 18.14 días). No se encontró diferencias P> 0.05) entre los tratamientos respecto a la ganancia de )eso de las cerdas durante la gestación. El número de echones al parto fue afectado (P< 0.05) por la adición de dotina, aunque, el comportamiento observado no fue de tipo Loma' (9.71, 7.16 y 9.57 lechones por camada). No se encontró diferencias significativas (P> 0.05) en el peso de echones al nacer. La adición de altos niveles de biotina m la dieta a base de sorgo y soya reduce el intervalo de tiempo para que la cerda presente celo. Sin embargo, Altos Niveles de biotina en la dieta no mejora la ganancia de )eso de la cerda en gestación, número de lechones al nacer peso de los lechones al nacer." "The used levels are only an approach. The purpose was to evaluate the time for the gilts to show their first estrous, body weight gain, litter size and the litters' weight at birth. 21 primiparous sows or gilts (Landrace-Yorkshire) were fed a sorghum-soybean meal diet based (14.41 per cent, 3247.67 Kcal/ME). Biotin diet content was 0.07 ppm/kg, supplemental biotin levels were 10.00 and 28.28 ppm added biotin per kg feed, before and throughout gestation. During gestation, gilts were given 1.80 kg of feed per day. Supplemental biotin had an effect (P< 0.05) on the length of the interval for gilts to show their first estrus, after be mating (41.57, 25.14 and 18.14 days respectively). No differences (P> 0.05) were found in sow's weight gain during gestation. Biotin supplementation affects (P< 0.05) litter size at birth, however, the performance here did not have a normal tendency (9.71, 7.16, 9.57 pigs/litter, in each treatment respectively). Average birth weight of pigs, were not affected (P> 0.05) by dietary treatment. No evidences were found that sow's weigth gain, litter size at birth and the birth weigth of pigs are increased by biotin supplementation. The results indicate that biotin supplementation of a sorghum-soybean meal diet during gestation reduced the interval for the gilts that show their first estrus."