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R-spondin 1 (RSPO1) is a ligand for the intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker Lgr5 in the crypt, which functions to amplify canonical Wnt signaling to stimulate the division of ISCs. Despite the crucial role of recombinant human RSPO1 (rhRSPO1) in homeostasis and regeneration, little is known about RSPO1 among different species. Here, we cloned the porcine RSPO1 (pRSPO1) gene and obtained rpRSPO1 protein through the expression system of the recombinant

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) decode and coordinate various types of nutritional information from the diet to support the crypt-villus axis architecture, but how specific dietary molecules affect intestinal epithelial homeostasis remains unclear. In the current study, L-glutamate (Glu) supplementation in either a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) or a corn-soybean meal diet (CSMD) stimulated gut growth and ISC expansion in weaned piglets. Quantitative proteomics screening identified the canonical Wnt signalling pathway as a central regulator of intestinal epithelial development and ISC activity in vivo. Importantly, the Wnt transmembrane receptor Frizzled7 (FZD7) was upregulated in response to dietary Glu patterns, and its perturbations in intestinal organoids (IOs) treated with a specific inhibitor and in FZD7-KO IPEC-J2 cells disrupted the link between Glu inputs and β-catenin signalling and a subsequent reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, co-localization, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and microscale thermophoresis (MST) revealed that Glu served as a signalling molecule directly bound to FZD7. We propose that FZD7-mediated integration of the extracellular Glu signal controls ISC proliferation and differentiation, which provides new insights into the crosstalk of nutrients and ISCs.

The intestine is the central organ of early weaning stress in piglets; however, the response of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that drive epithelial renewal between the different breeds of piglets is not yet known. Therefore, this investigation was to explore the sensitivity of ISCs to early weaning stress. Taoyuan Black and Duroc piglets were slaughtered at 21 days of age (on the day of weaning) and 24 days of age (3 days after weaning) with 10 pigs, respectively. And the results showed that Taoyuan Black pigs are more tolerant to early weaning stress, while the mucosal mass of jejunum was significantly decreased in 24-day-old Duroc piglets compared with the 21-day-old Duroc piglets (P < 0.05). The weaning stress damaged the jejunal structure, decreased the expression of tight junction related proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, and increased intestinal permeability in Duroc piglets (P < 0.05). The ex vivo intestinal organoids (IOs) derived from the jejunal crypt of Duroc piglets after weaning exhibited lower expansion efficiency (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of proliferating cell marker PCNA, terminally differentiated cell marker KRT20, absorptive cell marker Villin, goblet cell marker MUC2, and Paneth cell marker lysozyme were significantly reduced in the jejunum, crypt, and jejunal organoids of 24-day-old Duroc (P < 0.05). ROS levels in the jejunum of Duroc piglets were increased along with the inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway compared with 21-day-old Duroc piglets (P < 0.05). Collectively, the Taoyuan Black pigs had stronger tolerance to weaning stress; however early weaning suppressed the Nrf2 pathway, decreased proliferation and differentiation activity of ISCs, and disrupted intestinal homeostasis in Duroc piglets.

Intestinal stem cell (ISC)-driven intestinal homeostasis is subjected to dual regulation by dietary nutrients and toxins. Our study investigated the use of lauric acid (LA) to alleviate deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal epithelial damage. C57BL/6 mice in the control, LA, DON, and LA + DON groups were orally administered PBS, 10 mg/kg BW LA, 2 mg/kg BW DON, and 10 mg/kg BW LA + 2 mg/kg BW DON for 10 days. The results showed that LA increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the mice exposed to DON. Moreover, the DON-triggered impairment of jejunal morphology and barrier function was significantly improved after LA supplementation. Moreover, LA rescued ISC proliferation, inhibited intestinal cell apoptosis, and promoted ISC differentiation into absorptive cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells. The jejunum crypt cells from the mice in the LA group expanded into enteroids, resulting in a significantly greater enteroid area than that in the DON group. Furthermore, LA reversed the DON-mediated inhibition of the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling axis in the jejunum. Our results indicated that LA accelerates ISC regeneration to repair intestinal epithelial damage after DON insult by reactivating the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway, which provides new implications for the function of LA in ISCs.

Background Although huge fetal hepatic hemangiomas are rare, they can cause fatal complications. The purpose of this study is to describe the imaging features and prognosis of these tumors. Methods Imaging data were collected for 6 patients with huge fetal hepatic hemangiomas treated at our hospital. Imaging modalities included prenatal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound and postnatal color Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Results Among the 93,562 fetuses of 92,126 pregnant women examined at our hospital, 6 had huge hepatic hemangiomas (incidence rate, 0.64/10,000), as confirmed via postnatal color Doppler imaging and contrast-enhanced CT. Five fetuses had solitary lesions, whereas 1 (fetus 2) had multiple lesions. Four fetuses had lesions in the right liver lobe and 1 had a lesion in the left liver lobe, and 1 (fetus 2) had lesions in both lobes. All lesions showed centripetal enhancement on postnatal contrast-enhanced CT, which was more intense peripherally. Following postnatal treatment with oral propranolol, with or without dexamethasone or interventional therapy with the medical sclerosant pingyangmycin, all lesions decreased in size, with calcification plaques appearing 6 months after treatment. Conclusions Huge hepatic hemangiomas have typical ultrasonographic features and can be diagnosed prenatally. Treatment with propranolol, with or without dexamethasone, may result in a favorable prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-017-1635-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In the title compound, C21H21F2N3O4S, the tetrahydrofuran ring adopts an envelope conformation with the β-C atom positioned at the flap. The triazole, difluorophenyl and tolyl rings of the various substituents on the tetrahydrofuran ring are inclined at 77.88 (12), 83.81 (10) and 81.00 (10)°, respectively, to the best-fit mean plane through the five atoms of the tetrahydrofuran ring. In the crystal, weak C—H...O and C—H...F hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a three-dimensional structure, with molecules stacked along thea-axis direction.

The composition and antioxidant activities of two polysaccharides PFCAⅢ and PFCCⅠ, isolated from Fructus corni, have been investigated. The monosaccharide components of PFCAⅢ were found to be rhamnose, arabinose and glucose in a molar ratio of 13.74: 50.54: 35.72, whilst PFCCⅠ was found to consist of xylose and glucose in a molar ratio of 18.8: 81.2. The weight-average molecular weights of PFCAⅢ and PFCCⅠwere 1.74×104 and 7.57×104 respectively. The polysaccharides showed potential antioxidant activity by scavenging superoxide anion (O2−∙) and hydroxyl free radicals (OH∙) and this was confirmed by their ability to inhibit oxidation of axunge and gingili. The concentrations required to scavenge 50% of hydroxyl free radicals (EC50) of PFCAⅢ and PFCCⅠ were 430μg/ml and 80μg/ml respectively, and the extents of scavenging O2−∙ by 500μg PFCAⅢ and PFCCⅠwere 15.9% and 68.0% respectively. The polysaccharide PFCCⅠ shows much more significant antioxidant activity than PFCAⅢ. PFCCⅠ was mainly linked with β(1→4)-D-glucosyl with side chains including 1-linked β-D-Glc, 1,6-linked β-D-Glc and 1,4-linked β-D-Xyl with branching points at C-6 of 1,4-linked Glc in main chain. It had the potential to be exploited by the food and pharmaceutical industries in the future with further research on this polysaccharide.

E-commerce has obtained fast development as a new commercial model in recent years. There is a big difference between E-commerce and traditional commerce. On the contrary, physical distribution as an essential part of E-commerce, has becomes more important. In this paper we analyze relationship between e-commerce and physical distribution, and the distribution problems of B2C is discussed according to the situation of B2C ecommerce. We further analyze physical distribution election of B2C model in our macroeconomic conditions on the basis of conclusion. Then give some advice.