1. Incidence and risk factors associated with pressure ulcers among patients with HIV infection
- Author
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Angelo Pan, Ferdinando Dodi, Nicola Petrosillo, Laura Irato, Emanuele Nicastri, Francesco Cristini, Courtney H. Lyder, Pierluigi Viale, Gianni Preziosi, Lorena Martini, Nicastri E, Viale P, Lyder CH, Cristini F, Martini L, Preziosi G, Dodi F, Irato L, Pan A, and Petrosillo N
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,HIV Infections ,Dermatology ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Risk Factors ,Acute care ,Internal medicine ,Multicenter trial ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Pressure Ulcer ,Univariate analysis ,HIV - AIDS ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Incidence ,Case-control study ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,PRESSURE ULCERS ,Logistic Models ,Italy ,Case-Control Studies ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of and risk factors for pressure ulcers among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. DESIGN: Multicenter trial that included 1258 consecutive patients infected with HIV-1 who had 1815 admissions to 16 acute care infectious disease units in Italy. METHODS: Data were collected for demographic, clinical, immunologic, and virologic parameters. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and the Student t test was used for continuous variables. Univariate analysis was performed to examine possible risk factors for pressure ulcers by computing odds ratios; a multiple logistic regression model was used to obtain adjusted estimates of odds ratios while accounting for all possible risk factors. RESULTS: The incidence of pressure ulcers was 2.31 per 100 admissions, 3.33 per 100 patients, and 1.06 per 1000 patient days. All stages of pressure ulcers were represented in the sample: 7 Stage I (15.9%), 24 Stage II (54.5%), 8 Stage III (18.2%), and 5 Stage IV (11.4%). Multivariate analyses showed that being female, length of hospitalization, and clinical markers of HIV infection were independently associated with pressure ulcers. Mortality rates were 50% among patients with pressure ulcers and 7.2% among patients without pressure ulcers (P
- Published
- 2004