Search

As new cultivation techniques arise, crops require the development of new technologies and management practices that aim higher yields with lower production cost. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of co-inoculation and different ways of application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization on nodulation and yield of soybean. The experiment was established in November 2013 in an area located in the Iguatemi Experimental Farm, of State University of Maringa (UEM). The design was a randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of a control, fertilization with nitrogen (200 kg N ha -1 ), standard inoculation in seeds (liquid and peat inoculant), co-inoculation on seed and co-inoculation at sowing, using different doses of inoculant B. japonicum and A. brasilense. The following determinations were carried out in the field and in the laboratory: number of nodes at flowering, mass of nodules at flowering, the shoot dry mass, nitrogen content in the shoot, grain nitrogen content, number of pods/plant, thousand grain mass and yield. The results showed that inoculation through seed treatment with liquid inoculant presents an adequate option to farmers, in the conditions of this experiment. Nitrogen fertilization did not increase yield and yield components, being unnecessary. more...

Industrial seed treatment assures uniform coverage of seeds with insecticides, fungicides, micronutrients and bioestimulant at precise dose, however often resulting in higher slurry volume. Furthermore, seeds are coated long periods of time prior sowing and may influence germination and vigor. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of seven industrial seed treatments and their respective slurry volumes on the physiological potential of soybean seeds at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days of storage. In each storage period, the variables germination, accelerated aging test and emergency speed index were evaluated and studied in the repeated measures in time model. The products used were: fungicide (thiabendazole, fludioxonil and mefenoxam), insecticide (thiametoxam), insecticide/nematicide (abamectin), micronutrients (cobalt and molybdenum), bioregulator, drying powder and polymer. High volumes of seed-coating mixtures reduce the physiological quality of soybean seeds over storage. However, the slurry composition also influenced on the maintenance of the seed germination and vigor throughout the storage. more...

Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. é uma planta arbórea que se apresenta como possível alternativa para substituir espécies em extinção com madeira nobre. A morfologia e anatomia da plântula desta espécie é objeto do presente trabalho. As plântulas, em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, foram obtidas em casa de vegetação e analisadas a fresco e fixadas em FAA 50. A análise anatômica foi feita mediante seções a mão livre e microtômicas, de acordo com técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal. A plântula e/ou tirodendro é criptocotiledonar e hipogeia, possui catafilos, e apresenta eófilos e metafilos simples de venação pinada craspedódroma simples. A raiz é poliarca, o hipocótilo é muito reduzido, os cotilédones possuem reserva amilácea e oleaginosa, o epicótilo tem natureza caulinar e os eofilos e metafilos são dorsiventrais. A plântula enquadra-se no tipo e subtipo Horsfieldia. Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. is a tree species that is presented as an alternative to replace endangered species of hardwood. The morphology and anatomy of the seedling of this species is the object of the present study. Seedlings at different stages of development were obtained in greenhouse and analyzed fresh and fixed in FAA (Formalin-Acetic-Alcohol) 50. The anatomical analysis was done by the freehand and microtome sections, according to standard techniques in plant anatomy. The seedling and/or tirodendro is cryptocotylar and hypogeal, has cataphylls, and presents eophylls and metaphylls simple with venation pinnate craspedodromous simple. The root is polyarch, the hypocotyl is very short, the cotyledons have an oily and starchy reserve, the epicotyl has stem structure, and eophylls and metaphylls are dorsiventral. The seedling may be classified in the Horsfieldia type/subtype. more...

This work aimed to study the effect of the Calophyllum brasiliense seed coat on the seed germination process. To this end, three experiments were conducted in laboratory, greenhouse and screenhouse. From a total of six treatments, five are related to the seed coat (mechanical scarification; mechanical scarification followed by 2 hours in water, chemical scarification, hot water immersion and complete seed coat removal) and one control. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD). Screenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design (RBD). We evaluated the total percentage, the speed index and the average time of germination or emergence. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by LSD test, at 5%. Under the conditions of this work, it was possible to infer that, in laboratory, mechanical scarification followed by 2 hours in water increases the proportion and germination speed index (GSI), in the greenhouse, the complete seed coat removal increases the percentage and emergence speed index (ESI), and in the screenhouse, mechanical scarification followed by 2 hours in water and chemical scarification presented the best results. The average germination time was not significantly different in the three experiments evaluated. more...

Current study evaluates the effects of bio-regulator associated with foliar fertilizers on the yield components, productivity and chemical composition of soybean. The experimental design was entirely randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments consisted of: T1-absolute control, T2-application of 0.25 L h(-1) Stimulate in R1 stage of development, T3-application of 0.25 L h(-1) Stimulate and 3 L h(-1) Sett in R1, T4-application of 0.25 L h(-1) Stimulate and 3 L h(-1) Sett in R1 and 0.25 L h(-1) Stimulate and 2 L h(-1) Mover in R5.1; T5-application of 0.25 L h(-1) Stimulate and 3 L h(-1) Sett in R1 and 2 L h(-1) Mover in R5.1, T6-application of 3 L h(-1) Sett in R1 and 0.25 L h(-1) Stimulate and 2 L h(-1) Mover in R5.1 and T7-application of 0.25 L h(-1) Stimulate and 2 L h(-1) Mover in R1. Application of Sett and Mover is a potentially efficient handling as it favors the soybean agronomic performance in R1 stage. Chemical composition of processed grains has influence with applying bio-regulator and foliar fertilizers. more...

This work aimed to study the effect of the Calophyllum brasiliense seed coat on the seed germination process. To this end, three experiments were conducted in laboratory, greenhouse and screenhouse. From a total of six treatments, five are related to the seed coat (mechanical scarification; mechanical scarification followed by 2 hours in water, chemical scarification, hot water immersion and complete seed coat removal) and one control. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD). Screenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design (RBD). We evaluated the total percentage, the speed index and the average time of germination or emergence. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by LSD test, at 5%. Under the conditions of this work, it was possible to infer that, in laboratory, mechanical scarification followed by 2 hours in water increases the proportion and germination speed index (GSI), in the greenhouse, the complete seed coat removal increases the percentage and emergence speed index (ESI), and in the screenhouse, mechanical scarification followed by 2 hours in water and chemical scarification presented the best results. The average germination time was not significantly different in the three experiments evaluated. more...

Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. is a tree species that is presented as an alternative to replace endangered species of hardwood. The morphology and anatomy of the seedling of this species is the object of the present study. Seedlings at different stages of development were obtained in greenhouse and analyzed fresh and fixed in FAA (Formalin-Acetic-Alcohol) 50. The anatomical analysis was done by the freehand and microtome sections, according to standard techniques in plant anatomy. The seedling and/or tirodendro is cryptocotylar and hypogeal, has cataphylls, and presents eophylls and metaphylls simple with venation pinnate craspedodromous simple. The root is polyarch, the hypocotyl is very short, the cotyledons have an oily and starchy reserve, the epicotyl has stem structure, and eophylls and metaphylls are dorsiventral. The seedling may be classified in the Horsfieldia type/subtype. more...

The aim of the study was to evaluate seed germination and vigor of maize subjected to different products and storage periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split plot on time. In the plots were distributed nine treatments: an untreated control, one treatment called “standard treatment”, with addition of fungicide (fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M) and insecticide (thiamethoxam). From the standard treatment, six treatments with combinations of inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense), micronutrients (nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron + copper + iron + manganese + molibdenium) and bioregulator. Lastly, a treatment called “complete treatment” including all products. In subplots the storage periods of zero, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days were evaluated. Seed vigour of maize was reduced by seed treatments and storage. Micronutrients addition resulted in higher fitotoxicity in comparison to the addition of other products, regardless of storage period. The treatment with the combination of fungicide, insecticide and inoculant proved to be feasible, and was the most promising seed treatments. None of the studied treatments affected the germination in up to 45 days of storage, however the complete treatment with 3200 mL .100 kg-1 reduced seed vigour. Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação e vigor das sementes de milho submetidas a diferentes produtos e períodos de armazenamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Na parcela foram distribuídos nove tratamentos: uma testemunha não tratada, um tratamento denominado de “tratamento padrão”, com adição de fungicida (fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M) e inseticida (thiamethoxam). A partir do tratamento padrão, seis tratamentos com combinações de inoculante (Azospirillum brasilense), micronutrientes (nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron + copper + iron + manganese + molibdenium) e biorregulador. Por fim, um tratamento denominado de “tratamento completo”, incluindo todos os produtos. Na subparcela, os períodos de armazenamento 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias foram avaliados. O vigor das sementes de milho foi reduzido pelos tratamentos de sementes e pelo armazenamento. A adição de micronutrientes resultou em maior fitotoxicidade em comparação à adição de outros produtos, independente do período de armazenamento. O uso de fungicida, inseticida e inoculante se mostram viáveis, como os mais promissores tratamentos de sementes. Nenhum dos tratamentos estudados afetaram a germinação até 45 dias de armazenamento, porém o tratamento completo, com 3200 mL. 100 kg-1 reduziu o vigor de sementes. more...