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Therapeutic (homework) tasks are a characteristic strategy in behavioral psychology to achieve clinical change. The aim of the present study is to determine how behavioural therapists assign therapeutic tasks and review their compliance. Observational methodology was used to analyse the verbal interaction of therapists and clients in 211 recorded sessions (19 complete successful cases) using a validated coding system (SIST-INTER-INSTR). The values for inter- and intra-judge reliability were from good to excellent. The study shows that behavioural psychologists offer motivating verbalisations when assigning therapeutic tasks. During the review of task compliance, therapists frequently provide positive reinforcement when clients report complete compliance with the assigned task but stop the review of tasks when clients report non-compliance or only partial compliance with the task. These sequences provide information about how behavioural therapists provide instructions for therapeutic tasks and review their compliance. This is a first step to study how these verbal sequences favour the establishment of TC and the effectiveness of treatment.

Las tareas terapéuticas (tareas para casa) constituyen una estrategia propia de la psicología conductual para conseguir el cambio clínico. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar cómo los terapeutas conductuales asignan las tareas terapéuticas y cómo revisan el cumplimiento. Se analizó la interacción verbal entre el terapeuta y el cliente en 211 sesiones grabadas (19 casos completos de éxito) mediante metodología observacional, a través del uso de un sistema de categorización (SIS-INTER-INSTR). Los valores de fiabilidad inter e intrajueces fueron entre buenos y excelentes. Los resultados muestran que los psicólogos conductuales emiten verbalizaciones motivadoras cuando asignan tareas terapéuticas. En la revisión del cumplimiento, frecuentemente refuerzan el cumplimiento de las tareas, pero dejan de evaluar el cumplimiento cuando el cliente informa que las ha realizado de forma parcial. Las secuencias verbales obtenidas proporcionan información sobre cómo los terapeutas conductuales dan instrucciones sobre las tareas terapéuticas y como revisan su cumplimiento. Esta información es un primer paso en el estudio de cómo esas secuencias pueden predecir o contribuir al establecimiento de una óptima colaboración terapéutica y a la eficacia del tratamiento.

La estabilización y la liberalización de la economía española, una etapa de apertura exterior y de cambio estructural, estimuló el proceso de racionalización de los procesos conserveros. La penetración de capitales y empresas extranjeras con tecnologías más eficientes que las existentes en España provocó cambios trascendentales en las técnicas de envasado. De este modo, mostramos cómo los cambios en la política económica y la inversión extranjera directa pueden conducir a la modernización sectorial y de la estructura industrial. Este artículo se centra en la fabricación de envases metálicos, concretamente, en la denominada “goma líquida”, un input clave para la automatización de su producción y la hermeticidad de su cierre. Un exitoso caso de imitación de técnicas extranjeras y adecuación a las características del mercado español, pero también de vinculación al oligopolio internacional del envase y de internacionalización.

Over the last few years, knowledge has become part of the operations, both at the productive and service level; being considered as an important resource in companies, since it can generate competitive advantage. The objective was to determine the relationship between the activities developed by the companies from Nonaka & Takeuchi's (1995) approach and the creation of qualitative and quantitative value in 150 micro-entrepreneurs from different sectors. Partial least squares regression technique was used for data analysis and the results showed a direct relationship between socialization, combination and internalization and value creation; on the other hand, the relationship between externalization and value creation was inverse. For all relationships the p-value ensured the significance of them; finally, the study proposes the generation of intra and inter-organizational relationships for the creation, dissemination and use of knowledge in companies.

[Resumen] El juego es primordial en la infancia especialmente para trabajar contenidos vinculados a la Educación Física. En la actualidad existen múltiples tipos de juego para realizar con los niños de 3 a 6 años en las clases de Educación Física o psicomotricidad. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer qué tipos de juegos emplean en las sesiones de Educación Física el profesorado de Educación Infantil. Se ha realizado una entrevista semiestructurada a un total de 9 docentes de Educación Infantil de diferentes centros educativos distribuidos por España. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los maestros y maestras de Educación Infantil utilizan principalmente el juego dirigido en las clases de Educación Física/Psicomotricidad frente al juego libre. A su vez, optan más por el juego cooperativo frente al competitivo. Con relación a los juegos de expresión corporal prefieren utilizar la música y el baile y en menor medida los juegos de imitación. Son pocos quienes optan por la dramatización o el clown y ninguno nombra los juegos de narrativa corporal creativa. Algún docente alude la falta de formación en expresión corporal. No se ha constatado el trabajo de algunos tipos de juegos, como los juegos acuáticos, juegos en la naturaleza o juegos vinculados a habilidades de deslizamiento como patinar, monopatín, bicicleta o triciclo. Se concluye, que pese a existir múltiples tipos de juegos, el profesorado de Educación Infantil opta por dar preferencia a unos frente a otros, sospechando que las barreras materiales o de infraestructuras existentes en los centros educativos pueden ser un motivo de la preferencia de un tipo de juego sobre otros. Además de la ausencia de formación, pudiendo justificar la no realización de algunos juegos en el aula. [Abstract] The game is essential in childhood, especially to work on content related to Physical Education. At present there are multiple types of games to play with children from 3 to 6 years old in Physical Education or psychomotor classes. The objective of this study is to find out what types of games are used in Physical Education sessions by Early Childhood Education teachers. A semi-structured interview has been carried out with a total of 9 Early Childhood Education teachers from different educational centers throughout Spain. The results obtained indicate that Early Childhood Education teachers mainly use directed play in Physical Education/Psychomotricity classes as opposed to free play. In turn, they opt more for the cooperative game instead of the competitive one. Regarding body expression games, they prefer to use music and dance and imitation games to a lesser extent. There are few who opt for dramatization or the clown and none name creative body narrative games. Some teachers allude to the lack of training in body language. The work of some types of games, such as water games, games in nature or games linked to sliding skills such as skating, skateboarding, cycling or tricycling, has not been verified. It is concluded that despite the existence of multiple types of games, Early Childhood Education teachers choose to give preference to some over others, suspecting that the material or infrastructure barriers existing in educational centers may be a reason for the preference of one type. game over others. In addition to the lack of training, being able to justify the non-playing of some games in the classroom.

Model d'atenció integral; Valoració multidimensional; Diagnòstic Modelo de atención integral; Valoración multidimensional; Diagnóstico Comprehensive care model; Multidimensional valuation; Diagnosis Actualment no existeix a Catalunya un consens sobre quin hauria de ser el mínim comú denominador d’escales i eines d’elecció per a la valoració de les diferents dimensions de les persones grans amb multimorbiditat, fragilitat, cronicitat complexa o avançada. Aquest escenari fa evident la necessitat de disposar d’escales i eines consensuades i compartides que facilitin l’aproximació multidimensional a aquestes persones de forma objectiva i pragmàtica, amb l’objectiu d'ajudar els professionals en aquest procés d’individualització de l’atenció. És per aquest motiu que, impulsat per la Direcció General de Planificació i Recerca en Salut i per l’oficina eSalut, s’ha promogut i desenvolupat aquest consens i es vol assegurar que la proposta pugui ser suportada en l’entorn digital.

Objective/Context: In this article, we examine how Chinese demand for pelts—of sea otters and other marine mammals—fueled the eighteenth-century competitive expansion of European and later American merchants and explorers in the Pacific islands and along the Pacific coast of North America. Sea otter pelts were a commodity directly linked to the creation of a Pacific Ocean economy, and California’s colonization resulted from imperial dynamics to which this trade gave rise. Methodology: Using both primary and secondary sources, we examine how these merchants’ quest to supply the lucrative Chinese luxury market with furs—“soft gold”—brought them into contact with indigenous peoples whose livelihoods and commercial networks would also be recruited into this global market but on quite unequal terms and with devastating consequences. Originality: The growth of this Pacific trade throughout the eighteenth century fueled geopolitical rivalries that led to the colonization of California with a system of missions and military garrisons (presidios) and, eventually, to a new ecology as a result of plants and animals brought from New Spain before the Gold Rush and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Many, including Marx and Engels, have claimed that the Gold Rush contributed significantly to the dynamics of industrial capitalism; nevertheless, we argue that its conditions of possibility were laid out centuries earlier via the complex geopolitical and ecological connections through which this Pacific economy was articulated. Conclusions: During the eighteenth century, the Pacific’s products were extracted and commodified in circuits whose demand center was China. It is precisely the prior existence of these global markets—centered on silver and “soft gold,” or sea otter furs—that explains the presence of Europeans and Americans in California eager to prospect for the yellow metal in 1848. Objetivo/Contexto: En este artículo examinamos cómo la demanda china de pieles —de nutrias y otros mamíferos marinos— impulsó en el siglo xviii la expansión competitiva de comerciantes y exploradores europeos y, más tarde, estadounidenses en las islas del Pacífico y a lo largo de la costa pacífica norteamericana. Las pieles de nutria marina fueron una mercancía directamente vinculada a la creación de una economía en el Océano Pacífico; y la colonización de California resultó de la dinámica imperial a la que dio lugar este comercio. Metodología: Con el uso de fuentes primarias y secundarias, examinamos cómo el afán de estos mercaderes por abastecer el lucrativo mercado de lujo chino con pieles —u “oro blando”— los puso en contacto con pueblos indígenas cuyos medios de vida y redes comerciales también serían reclutados en este mercado global, pero en términos bastante desiguales y con consecuencias devastadoras. Originalidad: El crecimiento de este comercio en el Pacífico a lo largo del siglo xviii alimentó rivalidades geopolíticas que desencadenaron la colonización de California con un sistema de misiones y guarniciones militares y, eventualmente, una nueva ecología, producto de las plantas y animales traídos de Nueva España antes de la Fiebre del Oro y el Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo. Muchos, incluidos Marx y Engels, han afirmado que la Fiebre del Oro contribuyó significativamente a la dinámica del capitalismo industrial; sin embargo, sostenemos que sus condiciones de posibilidad se establecieron siglos antes, a través de las complejas conexiones geopolíticas y ecológicas mediante las cuales se articuló esta economía del Pacífico. Conclusiones: Durante el siglo xviii, los productos del Pacífico fueron extraídos y mercantilizados en circuitos centrados en la demanda china. Es precisamente la existencia previa de estos mercados globales —concentrados en la plata y el “oro blando”, o pieles de nutria marina— lo que explica la presencia de europeos y estadounidenses en California, ávidos por buscar el metal dorado en 1848. Objetivo/contexto: neste artigo, examinamos como a demanda chinesa por peles — de lontras e outros mamíferos marinhos — impulsionou a expansão competitiva de comerciantes e exploradores europeus e, posteriormente, estadunidenses nas ilhas do Pacífico e ao longo do litoral pacífico da América do Norte no século 18. As peles de lontra marinha eram uma mercadoria diretamente ligada à criação de uma economia no Oceano Pacífico, e a colonização da Califórnia resultou da dinâmica imperial a que esse comércio deu origem. Metodologia: usando fontes primárias e secundárias, examinamos como a ânsia desses comerciantes em abastecer o lucrativo mercado de luxo chinês com peles — ou “ouro macio” — os colocou em contato com os povos indígenas, cujos meios de subsistência e redes de comércio também seriam recrutados para esse mercado global, mas em termos bastante desiguais e com consequências devastadoras. Originalidade: o crescimento desse comércio no Pacífico ao longo do século 18 alimentou rivalidades geopolíticas que desencadearam a colonização da Califórnia com um sistema de missões e guarnições militares e, por fim, uma nova ecologia, produto de plantas e animais trazidos da Nova Espanha antes da Corrida do Ouro e do Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo. Muitos, inclusive Marx e Engels, afirmaram que a Corrida do Ouro contribuiu significativamente para a dinâmica do capitalismo industrial; no entanto, argumentamos que suas condições de possibilidade foram estabelecidas séculos antes, por meio das complexas conexões geopolíticas e ecológicas pelas quais essa economia do Pacífico foi articulada. Conclusões: durante o século 18, os produtos do Pacífico foram extraídos e comercializados em circuitos centrados na demanda chinesa. É justamente a existência prévia desses mercados globais — centrados na prata e no “ouro macio” ou peles de lontra marinha — que explica a presença de europeus e estadunidenses na Califórnia, ávidos pelo metal dourado em 1848.

Specific IgA antibody has been shown to play an important role in resistance to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in sheep, particularly in Teladorsagia circumcincta parasitosis. In some breeds, negative associations have been shown between IgA levels and worm burden in experimentally infected sheep. In the present study, we have studied the relationship between IgA levels in naturally infected sheep (582 ewes in total; 193 younger than one year old and 389 older than one year old) and fecal egg count (FEC) in the Assaf, Castellana, and Churra breeds. ELISA assays were performed to measure IgA levels against the somatic antigen of T. circumcincta third larval stage (L3) and a 203-amino-acid fragment of the protein disulfide isomerase from the same GIN species. A multilevel random intercept model was developed to predict the infection risk according to age or breed. Spearman’s correlation rank was used for statistical analysis. The prediction model showed that breed was not an influential factor in this study, although the Assaf breed could be considered slightly more susceptible than the others. In addition, age affected the infection risk, with the young ewes more susceptible to infection than the adult groups, except for the Castellana breed, whose risk of infection was similar at all ages. The most significant positive association was found between FEC and IgA measured in the nasal secretions of young ewes using both antigens (Rho = 0.5; p = 0.00); the correlation of FEC with IgA in serum was moderately significant (Rho = 0.306; p = 0.00). Comparing both antigens, the protein disulfide isomerase antigen was less reactive than the somatic antigen from L3. In conclusion, under natural conditions, specific IgA against GIN was positively associated with FEC in sheep, with nasal secretions from young animals being the sample where this association is stronger, which, therefore, could be used as a marker of infection in further studies.

Specific IgA antibody has been shown to play an important role in resistance to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in sheep, particularly in Teladorsagia circumcincta parasitosis. In some breeds, negative associations have been shown between IgA levels and worm burden in experimentally infected sheep. In the present study, we have studied the relationship between IgA levels in naturally infected sheep (582 ewes in total; 193 younger than one year old and 389 older than one year old) and fecal egg count (FEC) in the Assaf, Castellana, and Churra breeds. ELISA assays were performed to measure IgA levels against the somatic antigen of T. circumcincta third larval stage (L3) and a 203-amino-acid fragment of the protein disulfide isomerase from the same GIN species. A multilevel random intercept model was developed to predict the infection risk according to age or breed. Spearman’s correlation rank was used for statistical analysis. The prediction model showed that breed was not an influential factor in this study, although the Assaf breed could be considered slightly more susceptible than the others. In addition, age affected the infection risk, with the young ewes more susceptible to infection than the adult groups, except for the Castellana breed, whose risk of infection was similar at all ages. The most significant positive association was found between FEC and IgA measured in the nasal secretions of young ewes using both antigens (Rho = 0.5; p = 0.00); the correlation of FEC with IgA in serum was moderately significant (Rho = 0.306; p = 0.00). Comparing both antigens, the protein disulfide isomerase antigen was less reactive than the somatic antigen from L3. In conclusion, under natural conditions, specific IgA against GIN was positively associated with FEC in sheep, with nasal secretions from young animals being the sample where this association is stronger, which, therefore, could be used as a marker of infection in further studies.

13 páginas, 5 figuras, 3 tablas., An in vitro trial was carried out to investigate the effects of natural Thymbra capitata essential oil (NEO) and its main compounds [including carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene given alone or in a synthetic combination (SEO)] on ruminal fermentation and the bacterial community using batch cultures inoculated with ruminal digesta and incubating two different basal diets [high-forage (F) and high-concentrate (C) diet]. After 24 h of incubation, primary fermentation end-products [gas, methane, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia] and rumen microbial diversity were determined. NEO reduced the total VFA concentration (P 0.05) by any of the experimental treatments or diets evaluated. Microbial diversity analysis showed only a moderate effect of carvacrol and SEO on 13 genera, including, mainly, Atopobium and Blautia (involved in subacute ruminal acidosis) or Candidatus Saccharimonas (related to laminitis). In conclusion, T. capitata EO has a limited potential to attain nutritional or environmental benefits, but further research should be carried out to clarify its effects on animal health and microbial food safety., Tis work was funded by CSIC (Proyectos Intramurales Especiales, 201940E115) and MUR (Direzione Generale dell’internazionalizzazione e della comunicazione Programma cooperazione internazionale PRIMA—Decreto Ministeriale 26 luglio 2016 n. 593) in the context of the MILKQUA-H2020-PRIMA 2018—Section 2. Alba Martín gratefully acknowledges receipt of a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2019-089288) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, "El FSE invierte en tu futuro").

El interés de la Unión Europea por impulsar un mercado interior que garantice la libre circulación de mercancías y servicios ha transcurrido paralelo a la aprobación de diversas Directivas en las últimas décadas destinadas a procurar mecanismos de tutela de los derechos de los consumidores en todos los Estados miembros. En esta línea se inscribe la Directiva 2020/1828, de 25 de noviembre de 2020, relativa a las acciones de representación para la protección de los intereses colectivos de los consumidores. La transposición de esta Directiva va a requerir una revisión en profundidad de la tutela colectiva en la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil. En el presente trabajo se abordan los aspectos procesales básicos que deberán ser necesariamente objeto de reforma.

Background: The deltoid is the muscle that forms the rounded contour of the shoulder. Anatomically, it seems to be made up of three different sets of fibers. The three anatomical portions in which the deltoid muscle are typically divided into the anterior (clavicular), the mean (acromial), and the posterior (spinal). Different variations of the deltoid muscle have been described in the literature. The analysis and knowledge of these anomalies are essential for surgeons and anatomists. Methods: A total of 21 specimens (12 women and 9 men) were used with a 10% formaldehyde solution. All specimens were dissected bilaterally (the classical dissection methodology was used). Results: In one corpse, an additional bilateral belly of the deltoid muscle was found. It was observed that this additional muscular belly was related to the fascial tissue of the deltoid muscle and its muscle fibers take origin from the middle third of the inferomedial bands of infraspinatus fascia. In addition, the belly attaches to the posterior belly of the deltoid muscle. The deltoid muscle and the additional belly were innervated by the axillar nerve, which is a lateral terminal bouquet of the posterior fascicle of the brachial plexus. Conclusions: This new variation of the deltoid muscle must be considered by surgeons, as well as abnormal conditions in terms of compartment syndrome involving the shoulder. Therefore, consideration of this variant is necessary for the correct diagnosis and treatment of trauma or other shoulder pathology that may be refractory to standard treatments.

In the bounded confidence framework, agents’ opinions evolve as a result of interactions with other agents having similar opinions. Thus, consensus or fragmentation of opinions can be reached, but not extremization (the evolution of opinions towards an extreme value). In contrast, when repulsion mechanisms are at work, agents with distant opinions interact and repel each other, leading to extremization. This work proposes a general opinion dynamics framework of bounded confidence and repulsion, which includes social network interactions and agent-independent time-varying rationality. We extensively analyze the performance of our model to show that the degree of extremization among a population can be controlled by the repulsion rule, and social networks promote extreme opinions. Agent-based rationality and time-varying adaptation also bear a strong impact on opinion dynamics. The high accuracy of our model is determined in a real-world social network well referenced in the literature, the Zachary Karate Club (with a known ground truth). Finally, we use our model to analyze the extremization of opinions in a real-world scenario, in Spain: a marketing action for the Netflix series “Narcos”.

Microalgae represent a phototrophic resource with a high protein content, whose nutritional value is very high as a result of its amino acid profile. Although the total amino acid profile has been repeatedly described to change little among phylogenetic groups of microalgae, some variability has occasionally been reported. Part of this uncertainty is associated with the low phylogenetic diversity encompassed in the work to date and the high methodological variability between studies. Among these studies, very few have differentiated between total and free amino acid content for common microalgae samples. Thus, in the present work, the profile of total and free amino acids has been determined in a diverse group composed of 56 species of microalgae belonging to 7 phyla. A multivariate analysis of the total amino acid profile in the studied microalgae group revealed close amino acid patterns throughout microalgae phylogeny and agreed with results obtained from similar analysis performed with published data. Conversely, the free amino acid profile strongly differentiated between phylogenetic groups. On the one hand, species of Cyanobacteria, Plantae, Cryptophyta, and Bacillariophyta showed close free amino acid patterns, characterized by the highest abundance of free glutamic acid. Ochrophyta species were particularly rich in free proline, while the free amino acid profile of Miozoa and Haptophyta species stood out from the rest of the phylogenetic groups for their outstanding levels of the two essential amino acids phenylalanine and lysine. Haptophyta species were also characterized by their much higher free tyrosine content., This work was supported by the European Union Cooperation Program INTERREG VA POCTEP-055 ALGARED PLUS5E Spain-Portugal (2014–2020). The authors are grateful to the Fertinagro Biotech Foundation (C´atedra Fertinagro Biotech Universidad de Huelva). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA is acknowledged.

Abandoned mine lands often have lost their natural resilience and adaptive capacity to retain potentially toxic trace elements (PTE) and, therefore, can act a secondary source areas of acidic effluents and harmful contaminants into surface and pore waters. To address this issue, a batch leaching test was conducted to assess the effects of tailored combinations of non-hazardous industrial wastes on the immobilization of PTE in three mine soils (MS2, MS3, MS4) of the historic Rio Tinto mining district (Spain). To do this, different Technosols (T) were prepared by mixing, at a ratio of 60:40 (w/w), organic (R2: sludge from the clear treated water) and inorganic waste materials with acid-neutralizing capability (R4 and R5: slags from the iron and steel making industry) and adsorbent properties (R6: red gypsum). The Technosols tested were made of: (T0) exclusively MS2, MS3 and MS4 (controls); (T1) 80%MS4+20%[R2+(R5+R6)]; (T2) 75%MS3+25%[R2+(R5+R6)]; (T3) 75%MS2+25%[R2+R4]; (T4) 75%MS2+25%[R2+R5]; (T5) 75%MS3+25%[R2+R5]; and (T6) 75%MS4+25%[R2+R5]. The leaching test was performed according to the standard EN-12457-4, at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 L kg-1 with constant agitation for 24 h. The leaching conditions were recorded in terms of pH and Eh values, and the PTE concentrations in the leachate solutions were analyzed by ICP-MS. Results showed that the leachates from untreated MS were ultra acid (pH 2.5-3.5) and had concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn as high as 556 mg kg-1 (MS3), 90 mg kg-1 (MS4) and 28 mg kg-1 (MS3), respectively, while the released concentrations of Cr, Ni, As and Cd were below 1 mg kg-1. In relative terms, the most mobile PTE were Cd, Cu and Zn, which accounted for 12.6%, 10.3% and 5.4% of its total concentration, respectively. The Technosol application was able to buffer the soil pH to average values of 7.6, thus enhancing the attenuation of PTE by chemical fixation. The mobile fraction of PTE was drastically reduced or even rendered virtually negligible (

7 páginas, 3 tablas, 2 figuras., Early feed restriction of lambs promotes a permanent mitochondrial dysfunction that impairs feed efficiency along the whole life. Dietary L-carnitine, a compound that plays an essential role in energy metabolism transferring long-chain fatty acids to mitochondria for subsequent β-oxidation, has demonstrated positive effects (e.g., improved markers or muscle/heart function) in early feed restricted lambs. The purpose of the present study is to ascertain the underlying mechanisms under these effects using samples of the same lambs in a liver transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. Twenty-two male Merino lambs were separated from the dams for 9 h daily to allow feed restriction during the suckling period. Once weaned, the lambs were allocated to a control group (CTRL, n = 11) being fed ad libitum a complete pelleted diet during the fattening phase, whereas the second group (CARN, n = 11) received the same diet formulated with 3 g/kg of L-carnitine. The most relevant results of this study revealed that the administration of 3 g of L-carnitine/ kg diet during the fattening period of early feed restricted lambs caused no differential expression of genes involved directly in β-oxidation. However the increased expression of genes related to the excretion of cholesterol as bile acids was in agreement with the higher amounts of glycodeoxycholic acid and other intermediates of cholesterol metabolism in the CARN group, and might have contributed to achieve an improved heart function. Moreover, the increased expression of ribosomes and translation pathways in the liver also allowed explaining the positive effects observed in the CARN group. It can be concluded that the improved markers or muscle/heart function achieved by the administration of 3 g of L-carnitine/kg diet to early feed restricted lambs are caused, mainly, by the increased expression of genes related either to ribosomes or cholesterol excretion., This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (RTI2018–099329-B-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “FEDER, Una manera de hacer Europa”). Alba Martín gratefully acknowledges receipt of a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2019–089288) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”).

PURPOSE: Mendelian disease genomic research has undergone a massive transformation over the past decade. With increasing availability of exome and genome sequencing, the role of Mendelian research has expanded beyond data collection, sequencing, and analysis to worldwide data sharing and collaboration. METHODS: Over the past 10 years, the National Institutes of Health–supported Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMGs) have played a major role in this research and clinical evolution. RESULTS: We highlight the cumulative gene discoveries facilitated by the program, biomedical research leveraged by the approach, and the larger impact on the research community. Beyond generating a list of gene-phenotype relationships and participating in widespread data sharing, the CMGs have created resources, tools, and training for the larger community to foster understanding of genes and genome variation. The CMGs have participated in a wide range of data sharing activities, including deposition of all eligible CMG data into the Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL), sharing candidate genes through the Matchmaker Exchange and the CMG website, and sharing variants in Genotypes to Mendelian Phenotypes (Geno2MP) and VariantMatcher. CONCLUSION: The work is far from complete; strengthening communication between research and clinical realms, continued development and sharing of knowledge and tools, and improving access to richly characterized data sets are all required to diagnose the remaining molecularly undiagnosed patients.

15 páginas, 9 tablas, 2 figuras., Early feed restriction of lambs may program animals to achieve reduced feed efficiency traits as a consequence of permanent mitochondrial dysfunction. The hypothesis at the background of the present study is that dietary administration of L-Carnitine (a compound that promotes the activation and transportation of fatty acids into the mitochondria) during the fattening period of early feed restricted lambs can: (a) improve the biochemical profile of early feed restricted lambs, (b) improve feed efficiency, (c) modulate the ruminal and intestinal microbiota, and (d) induce changes in the gastrointestinal mucosa, including the immune status. Twenty-two newborn male Merino lambs were raised under natural conditions but separated from the dams for 9h daily to allow feed restriction during the suckling period. At weaning, lambs were assigned to a control group being fed ad libitum a complete pelleted diet during the fattening phase (CTRL, n=11), whereas the second group (CARN, n=11) received the same diet supplemented with 3g of L-Carnitine/kg diet. The results revealed that even though L-Carnitine was absorbed, feed efficiency was not modified by dietary L-Carnitine during the fattening period (residual feed intake, p > 0.05), whereas ruminal fermentation was improved [total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), 113 vs. 154mmol/l; p=0.036]. Moreover, a trend toward increased concentration of butyrate in the ileal content (0.568 vs. 1.194 mmol/100 ml SCFA; p = 0.074) was observed. Other effects, such as reduced heart weight, lower levels of markers related to muscle metabolism or damage, improved renal function, and increased ureagenesis, were detected in the CARN group. Limited changes in the microbiota were also detected. These findings suggest that L-Carnitine may improve ruminal fermentation parameters and maintain both the balance of gut microbiota and the health of the animals. However, the improved ruminal fermentation and the consequent greater accumulation of intramuscular fat might have hidden the effects caused by the ability of dietary L-Carnitine to increase fatty acid oxidation at the mitochondrial level. This would explain the lack of effects of L-Carnitine supplementation on feed efficiency and points toward the need of testing lower doses, probably in the context of animals being fed in excess non-protein nitrogen., This work was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (RTI2018-099329-B-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, “FEDER, Una manera de hacer Europa”).

Este artículo analiza los derechos que se les reconocen a los/as adolescentes y jóvenes migrantes en los diferentes momentos de su estancia en el país de recepción y las representaciones e imaginarios existentes sobre ellos, que se legitiman e institucionalizan en discursos políticos, normativas y prácticas. Estas representaciones contrastan con sus propias narrativas que reflejan su capacidad de agencia, de interpretación de su situación y de elaboración y ejecución de un proyecto vital. La metodología cualitativa y participativa empleada ha permitido recoger su voz y sus narrativas en toda su complejidad y riqueza. A partir de sus relatos se puede observar su resiliencia ante las situaciones de dificultad, así como las acciones de resistencia, individuales y colectivas, que articulan para interpelar los dispositivos de control y afrontar los mecanismos de opresión presentes en los contextos de recepción. Se evidencia así la importancia de reconocer la emergencia del actor colectivo, que se construye en los espacios de autorganización de la lucha migrante.

Surfactant-based nanostructures are promising materials for designing novel colorimetric biosensors based on aggregation/disaggregation phenomena. In this work, a colorimetric sensor based on the plasmonic shift of surfactant-capped gold nanoparticles via the disaggregation mechanism was developed. To perform this, the optimum SDS concentration was firstly determined in order to form Au@16-s-16/SDS complex aggregates with a well-defined SPR band in the blue region. Once the optimal SDS concentration for Au@16-s-16 aggregation was established, the sensing method depended on the nature of the electrostatic charge of the biopolymer studied where both the strength of the biopolymer/SDS and biopolymer/Au@16-s-16 interactions and the cationic gold nanoparticles play a key role in the disaggregation processes. As a result, an instantaneous color change from blue to red was gradually observed with increasing biopolymer concentrations. The response of the sensor was immediate, avoiding problems derived from time lapse, and highly dependent on the order of addition of the reagents, with a detection limit in the nanomolar and picomolar range for DNA and Lysozyme sensing, respectively. This behavior can be correlated with the formation of different highly stabilized Au@16-s-16/biopolymer/SDS complexes, in which the particular biopolymer conformation enhances the distance between Au@16-s-16 nanoparticles among the complexes.

Mineralogical analysis and laboratory-based leaching tests coupled with speciation modeling were undertaken to quantify the potential for short-term acid generation and the release of trace elements from soils heavily contaminated with mine waste at Rio Tinto. Three different waste materials were considered as case studies: roasted pyrite, copper slags, and leached sulfide ores. The results showed elevated values of net acid generation (up to 663 mmol H+/kg), the major pools being potential sulfidic acidity and acidity retained in jarosite. Remarkable contents of As and toxic heavy metals were found especially in the slag-contaminated soil. Copper, Zn, and Pb were the most abundant metals in the acid leach solutions resulting from mine soil-water interaction, with peak values of 55.6 mg L−1, 2.77 mg L−1, and 2.62 mg L−1, respectively. Despite the high total contents of trace elements occurring in soil, the mobile fraction was limited to maximum release values of 12.60% for Cd and 10.27% for Cu, according to the test leaching. Speciation calculations indicated that free metal ions (M2+) and sulfate species (MSO40) accounted for most of the dissolved load. Acid soil drainage is a secondary source of acid and heavy metals in the mine site and, therefore, an effective land reclamation program should ensure that acidity and metal mobility are reduced to environmentally sustainable levels., This research was supported by the Regional Government of Andalusia (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund Andalusia 2014–2020 through Project P-18-TP-3503, in collaboration with DSM Soluciones Medioambientales.

Sulfidic mine wastes have the potential to generate acid mine drainage (AMD) and release acid leachates containing high levels of iron, sulfate and potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Soils receiving AMD discharges are generally devoid of vegetation. Only a few metal-tolerant plant species can survive under such adverse soil conditions. This work investigates two plant species, Nicotiana glauca and Euphorbia segetalis, that have successfully colonized an AMD-impacted wetland area in south-western Spain. The uptake of PTEs from the soil by roots and their transfer and accumulation in the above-ground biomass were quantified. Results showed that these pioneer plants grew in patches of neutral soil within the wasteland despite the high concentrations of PTEs in the rhizosphere soil (up to: 613 mg kg-1 As, 18.7 mg kg-1 Cd, 6370 mg kg-1 Cu, 2210 mg kg-1 Pb and 5250 mg kg-1 Zn). The target organs of As, Cu and Pb accumulation were: root > leaf > stem in N. glauca, and root > stem > leaf in E. segetalis. Zinc and Cd showed a significant decrease in roots relative to aerial parts of N. glauca, and Co was preferentially partitioned in stems of N. glauca and leaves of E. segetalis. The soil-plant transfer coefficient values of PTEs in all parts of both plants were well below unity with the only exception of Cd in leaves of N. glauca (1.254), suggesting that roots acted as a barrier limiting the uptake of PTEs by plants. Interestingly, under the same soil conditions, N. glauca absorbed Cd in considerable proportions from soil and accumulated it in its leaves, while E. segetalis was not effective in transferring PTEs from roots shoots except for Co. In conclusion, soil pH and plant-related factors greatly influence the stabilization of PTE in the rhizospheric soil and produce inconsistencies in PTE phytoavailability. The findings of this study provide criteria to assist in natural remediation in other legacy contaminated sites worldwide., Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Sevilla/CBUA. This research was partially supported by the Regional Government of Andalusia (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund Andalusia 2014–2020 through the Project P-18-TP-3503.

L'estabilització i la liberalització de l'economia espanyola, una etapa d'obertura exterior i de canvi estructural, va estimular el procés de racionalització dels processos conservers. La penetració de capitals i empreses estrangeres amb tecnologies més eficients que les existents a Espanya va provocar canvis de gran abast en les tècniques d'envasament. Aquest article se centra en la fabricació d'envasos metàl·lics, concretament, en l'anomenada “goma líquida”, un input clau per a l'automatització de la producció i l'hermeticitat del tancament. És un exitós cas d'imitació de tècniques estrangeres i adequació a les característiques del mercat espanyol, però també de vinculació a l'oligopoli internacional de l'envàs i internacionalització., The stabilization and liberalization of the Spanish economy, a period of external openness and structural change stimulated the process of rationalization of canning processes. The penetration of foreign capital and companies with more efficient technologies than those existing in Spain led to far-reaching changes in canning techniques. In this regard, we show how changes in economic policy and foreign direct investment can lead to sectoral and industrial structure upgrading. This article focuses on the manufacture of metal packaging, specifically on the so-called "liquid rubber", a key input for the automation of its production and the tightness of its closure. A successful case of imitation of foreign techniques and adaptation to the characteristics of the Spanish market, but also of linkage to the international packaging oligopoly and internationalization., La estabilización y la liberalización de la economía española, una etapa de apertura exterior y de cambio estructural, estimuló el proceso de racionalización de los procesos conserveros. La penetración de capitales y empresas extranjeras con tecnologías más eficientes que las existentes en España provocó cambios trascendentales en las técnicas de envasado. De este modo, mostramos cómo los cambios en la política económica y la inversión extranjera directa pueden conducir a la modernización sectorial y de la estructura industrial. Este artículo se centra en la fabricación de envases metálicos, concretamente, en la denominada “goma líquida”, un input clave para la automatización de su producción y la hermeticidad de su cierre. Un exitoso caso de imitación de técnicas extranjeras y adecuación a las características del mercado español, pero también de vinculación al oligopolio internacional del envase y de internacionalización.

Introduction. Government, health and educational institutions had to face, at the beginning of the 2020-2021 academic year, the implementation of protocols and action plans for the prevention of COVID-19. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the thinking of Spanish teachers in the academic year 2020-2021.Method. Participation of 965 teachers (74.3% Women;Mage = 43.5 9.9).An ad hoc questionnaire with a total of 11 questions was used.Results. According to age and gender, differences were found in the management (P1) (p = 0.02) and support (P2) (p = 0.04) of the educational administration, in the perceived security (P3) (p = 0.01), in the reduction of the working day (P5) (p = 0.002) and in the availability of material resources (P6) (p = 0.004) and human (P8) (p = 0.04) sufficient.Those with greater teaching experience showed differences in the item P2 (p = 0.03), P3 (p = 0.03) and P8 (p = 0.03). Conclusions. Less experienced teachers are more concerned. Teachers with greater teaching experience indicated a need of human resources and training to teaching.

Junta de Andalucía SIDPH/DI100/PI/MA/16 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad HAR2016-77789-P Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad HAR2013-44269-P European Commission. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) US-1264079

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos., Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES)

Surfactant-based nanostructures are promising materials for designing novel colorimetric biosensors based on aggregation/disaggregation phenomena. In this work, a colorimetric sensor based on the plasmonic shift of surfactant-capped gold nanoparticles via the disaggregation mechanism was developed. To perform this, the optimum SDS concentration was firstly determined in order to form Au@16-s-16/SDS complex aggregates with a well-defined SPR band in the blue region. Once the optimal SDS concentration for Au@16-s-16 aggregation was established, the sensing method depended on the nature of the electrostatic charge of the biopolymer studied where both the strength of the biopolymer/SDS and biopolymer/Au@16-s-16 interactions and the cationic gold nanoparticles play a key role in the disaggregation processes. As a result, an instantaneous color change from blue to red was gradually observed with increasing biopolymer concentrations. The response of the sensor was immediate, avoiding problems derived from time lapse, and highly dependent on the order of addition of the reagents, with a detection limit in the nanomolar and picomolar range for DNA and Lysozyme sensing, respectively. This behavior can be correlated with the formation of different highly stabilized Au@16-s-16/biopolymer/SDS complexes, in which the particular biopolymer conformation enhances the distance between Au@16-s-16 nanoparticles among the complexes. Junta de Andalucía 2021/FQM-386 Universidad de Sevilla 2021/00001297; 2022/00000274

The assessment of trace metal content in our fish diet is important due to the adverse effect on human health. Despite the increasing interest about the fish quality, little information is available for Southern Spain, a region characterized by high seafood intake. Nine species from the Bay of Cádiz with high commercial value were selected. Similar values were measured in the nine studied species for most of the elements, except for the macroelements Ca and S, and the microelements Fe, Mn and As, which showed significant differences among species. Metal Pollution Index (MPI) did not differ among species, and it was similar to those obtained for other Atlantic and Mediterranean locations. The values measured for the nine species were below the health limits provided by World, European and Spanish legislations, indicating that, in general terms, consumption of these species is safe in the study area., We are very grateful to Dr. P. Burgos for chemical analysis conducted in IRNAS-CSIC (Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla). During the study, ID-A enjoyed a grant "Margarita Salas" financed by the European Union (Next Generation EU) and the Ministerio de Universidades of Spain.

Trabajo presentado al: 7th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (ISEP 2022). ). In: Animal Science Proceedings. Vol. 13 (3), p. 413-414. Granada (Spain). 12-15 septiembre., Funding from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund is gratefully acknowledged (Project AGL2016-75322-C2-2-R). Alba Martín gratefully acknowledges receipt of a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2019-089288) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, El FSE invierte en tu futuro)

Trabajo presentado al: 7th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (ISEP 2022). In: Animal Science Proceedings. Vol. 13 (3), p. 410-411. Granada (Spain). 12-15 septiembre., Funding from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund is gratefully acknowledged (Project AGL2016-75322-C2-2-R). Alba Martín gratefully acknowledges the receipt of a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2019-089288) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, El FSE invierte en tu futuro)

2 páginas.--Trabajo presentado al: 7th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (ISEP 2022). In: Animal Science Proceedings., Project AGL2016-75322-C2-2-R from the Spanish Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund.

Trabajo presentado al: 73rd Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Oporto (Portugal), 5-9 de septiembre., Grant AGL2016-75322-C2-2-R funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union ‘ERDF A way of making Europe'