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Vector and scalar potentials are used for convenience in solving boundary value problems involving electromagnetic (EM) fields. The potentials are made unique by choosing a non-unique gauge relationship. The most commonly used gauges are those named for Lorenz and Coulomb, both of which may be defined as special cases of what is termed the velocity gauge, or v-gauge. This generalized gauge is not usually taught to students of electrodynamics. In this paper, we review properties of the velocity gauge, including EM field invariance, and demonstrate its application via an example., 11 pages, 6 figures, double column

A transmission-line type of EMP simulator, consisting of two conductors with a central parallel plate region has been designed, fabricated and tested. It has been named SEMIRAMIS-I, which stands for Simulateur Electromagnetique a Impulsion Raide pour des Mesures Industrielles et Scientifiques. This simulator can be energized by either a CW or a transient pulse source. Testing was performed with ELGAL's EM-103 pulser (20 kV-100 kV, 7-9 ns risetime, 150 ns FWHM). The desired working volume is about 3 m long×1 m wide×1 m high. The initial design has been experimentally optimized. Measurements have been made of the simulated electromagnetic environment