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Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231185507 for Intermittent hypoxia protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inducing functional angiogenesis by Yuying Guan, Yakun Gu, Haitao Shao, Wei Ma, Gaifen Li, Mengyuan Guo, Qianqian Shao, Yuning Li, Yingxia Liu, Chaoyu Wang, Zhengming Tian, Jia Liu and Xunming Ji in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X231185507 for Intermittent hypoxia protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inducing functional angiogenesis by Yuying Guan, Yakun Gu, Haitao Shao, Wei Ma, Gaifen Li, Mengyuan Guo, Qianqian Shao, Yuning Li, Yingxia Liu, Chaoyu Wang, Zhengming Tian, Jia Liu and Xunming Ji in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Sealants have been widely used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and glass sealants have shown considerable potentials due to their low leakage rate. We report a type of feldspar-based glass sealant, mainly composed of CaO–K2O–Na2O–BaO, with a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 10.11 × 10−6 k−1, a glass transition temperature at 528 °C, and a softening temperature at 573 °C. Using this sealant to seal anode-supported SOFCs, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) remains at 1.08 V after five thermal cycles and 50-h aging at 750 °C, close to the theoretical OCV value. The SEM and EDS reveal stable interface between the glass sealant and the anode, indicating excellent performance of the CaO–K2O–Na2O–BaO glass sealant for SOFC sealing applications.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with typical motor symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. At present, there are about 10 million patients with PD in the world, and its comorbidities and complications are numerous and incurable. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis of PD and find possible therapeutic targets. Because the etiology of PD is complex, involving genes, environment, and aging, finding common factors is the key to identifying intervention targets. Hypoxia is ubiquitous in the natural environment and disease states, and it is considered to be closely related to the etiology of PD. Despite research showing that hypoxia increases the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), the most important pathogenic protein, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the role of hypoxia in α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Considering that hypoxia is inextricably linked with various causes of PD, hypoxia may be a co-participant in many aspects of the PD pathologic process. In this review, we describe the risk factors for PD, and we discuss the possible role of hypoxia in inducing PD pathology by these risk factors. Furthermore, we attribute the pathological changes caused by PD etiology to oxygen uptake disorder and oxygen utilization disorder, thus emphasizing the possibility of hypoxia as a critical link in initiating or promoting α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insight for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PD.

Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFgl2), a novel effector of regulatory T cells (Tregs), has been demonstrated to have potent immunosuppressive functions. Multiple studies indicate that Tregs could exert important atheroprotective effects, but their numbers gradually decrease during atherogenesis. The receptor of sFgl2 can be expressed on Treg precursor cells, while the role of sFgl2 on Treg differentiation and atherosclerosis progression remains unclear. Firstly, we detected that the sFgl2 was decreased in humans and mice with atherosclerotic diseases and was especially lower in their vulnerable plaques. Then, we used both Adeno-associated virus-sFgl2 (AAV-sFgl2)-injected ApoE-/- mice, which is systemic overexpression of sFgl2, and sFgl2TgApoE-/- bone marrow cells (BMC)-transplanted ApoE-/- mice, which is almost immune-system-specific overexpression of sFgl2, to explore the role of sFgl2 in atherosclerosis. Our experiment data showed that AAV-sFgl2 and BMT-sFgl2 could reduce atherosclerotic area and enhance plaque stability. Mechanistically, sFgl2 increases the abundance and immunosuppressive function of Tregs, which is partly mediated by binding to FcγRIIB receptors and phosphorylating Smad2/3. Collectively, sFgl2 has an atheroprotective effect that is mainly achieved by forming a positive feedback pathway with Treg. sFgl2 and Treg could synergistically protect against atherosclerosis.

Background: Cardiac injury and coagulation disorders have been two increasing concerns in the management of patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Coagulation disorders in COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury have not been characterized. Methods: We analyzed the data of five COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury who had D-dimer surge (defined as a rapid increase in the D-dimer level in 72 h, from

Two kinds of palladium-only catalysts loaded mesoporous beta zeolite (Pd/beta) and alumina (Pd/Al2O3) have been successfully prepared by the impregnation method and characterized using nitrogen adsorption–desorption, XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, and XPS. Catalytic activities of the catalysts for methanol oxidation were investigated with CO coexisting. The results showed that the different support determines the metal-support interaction, thus affecting the catalytic behavior. For Pd/beta, the strong basicity and better reductive ability are beneficial for improving the reaction rate of catalytic oxidation for methanol. And the palladium species with a higher oxidation state is responsible for excellent catalytic conversion of methanol and CO resistance. Compared to Pd/Al2O3, the T50, T90, and ΔT on Pd/beta catalyst are 145 °C, 160 °C, and 15 °C, respectively, in the case of CO present, which decreased by 45 °C, 91 °C, and 46 °C. So beta zeolite, as a new type of catalyst support material, has a good application prospect to meet the practical needs for emission purification of methanol-gasoline vehicles.

The construction of a low-cost and efficient novel photocatalyst is extremely important for the treatment of refractory wastewater. In this work, biochar-coupled BiVO4 (CBi) photocatalysts are synthesized using a hydrothermal method. These photocatalysts are then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transition electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–Vis-DRS), and photoluminescence (PL). The photocatalytic performance was also evaluated using the degradation and mineralization of sulfaniamide (4-aminobenzene sulfonamide, SA) under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the CBi photocatalysts showed larger surface areas, stronger absorption abilities, higher separation efficiencies of photogenerated electrons and holes, and powerful transfer abilities of photogenerated electrons than the photocatalyst without biochar (CBi-0%). The CBi photocatalyst with the 20 wt% biochar (CBi-20%) exhibited an optimal photodegradation ability for SA. The degradation rate of SA was approximately 97.0% after 7 h of visible light irradiation, and the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) was as high as 83.4%, indicating an excellent mineralization ability. In addition, the CBi-20% photocatalyst obtained the highest mineralization rate of organic nitrogen (92.7%) and organic sulfur compounds (75.8%). Furthermore, spectroscopic techniques revealed more information regarding the degradation of the benzene ring and fluorescent groups. The fluorescence intensity and UV254 of SA were reduced by 96.5%% and 90.0%, respectively, which provided specific evidence of the potential photodegradation mechanism.