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BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine if periodontitis, which often causes transient bacteraemia, associates with viable bacteria in standard blood donations.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 60 self-reported medically healthy blood donors aged over 50 years. According to standard procedures, whole blood was separated by fractionation into plasma, buffy-coat, and red blood cell (RBC)-fractions. The buffy-coat was screened for bacterial contamination using BacT/ALERT. Samples from plasma and RBC-fractions were incubated anaerobically and aerobically at 37 °C for 7 days on trypticase soy blood agar (TSA). For identification, colony polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers targeting 16S rDNA.RESULTS: From 62% of the donors with periodontitis, bacterial growth was observed on at least 1 out of 4 plates inoculated with plasma or RBCs, whereas only 13% of plates inoculated with plasma or RBCs from periodontally healthy controls yielded bacterial growth (relative risk 6.4, 95% CI: 2.1; 19.5; p=0.0011). None of the donors tested positive for bacterial contamination using BacT/ALERT. Cutibacterium acnes was found in 31% of the donations from donors with periodontitis and in 10% of the donations from periodontally healthy donors. In addition, Staphylococcus species, Bacillus mycoides, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, and Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii were detected.DISCUSSION: Periodontitis increased the risk of bacterial contamination of blood products. Contaminating bacteria are often associated with the RBC-fraction. As the BacT/ALERT test is generally performed on platelet products, routine screening fails to detect many occurrences of viable bacteria in the RBC-fraction.

Nærværende artikel præsenterer en oversigt over den foreliggende viden om kostens betydning for diabetes mellitus (DM) og parodontal inflammation. Der er i vekslende grad dokumentation for sammenhænge mellem kost, DM og marginal parodontitis (MP). Med baggrund i forøget viden om kostens betydning for udviklingen af henholdsvis DM og parodontal inflammation bør tandlæger ogsårådgive om kost for derigennem at styrke behandlingen af patienter med MP og DM.

Nærværende artikel præsenterer en oversigt over den foreliggende væsentligste viden om sammenhængen mellem marginal parodontitis og en række medicinske sygdomme, herunder hjerte-kar-sygdomme, diabetes mellitus, reumatoid arthritis, osteoporose, Parkinsons sygdom, Alzheimers sygdom, psoriasis og visse lungeinfektioner.Der er i vekslende grad dokumentation for de nævnte sammenhænge især mht. kausalitet, men en række undersøgelser peger på, at parodontalbehandling kan have gunstig effekt på forløbet af iskæmisk hjertesygdom, diabetes, reumatoid arthritis og på risikoen for pneumoni hos særligt udsatte. For de fleste af de nævnte sygdomme skyldes sammenhængen antagelig ligheder i deres inflammatoriske patogenese.Med baggrund i forøget oplysning om den udbredte komorbiditet og de bidirektionelle sygdomsmekanismer bør samarbejdet mellem læger og tandlæger styrkes mhp. optimal behandling af hele patienten med MP. ncreasing evidence has suggested an independent association between periodontitis and a range of comorbidities, e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, psoriasis, and respiratory infections.Shared inflammatory pathways are likely to contribute to this association, but distinct causal mechanisms remain to be defined. Some of these comorbid conditions may improve by periodontal treatment, and a bidirectional relationship may exist, where, for example, treatment of diabetes can improve periodontal status.The present article presents an overview of the evidence linking periodontitis with selected systemic diseases and calls for increased cooperation between dentists and medical doctors to provide optimal screening, treatment and prevention of both periodontitis and its comorbidities

Porphyromonas gingivalis is regarded as a significant contributor in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and certain systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis. P. gingivalis occasionally translocates from periodontal pockets into the circulation, where it adheres to red blood cells (RBCs). This may protect the bacterium from contact with circulating phagocytes without affecting its viability.In this in vitro study, we investigated whether human peripheral blood neutrophils from 10 subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) and 10 healthy controls release the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8; also known as IL-8) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2; also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to challenge with P. gingivalis. In addition, the impact of RBC interaction with P. gingivalis was investigated. The actions of resolvin E1 (RvE1), a known regulator of P. gingivalis induced neutrophil responses, on the cytokine and ROS responses elicited by P. gingivalis in cultures of neutrophils were investigated.Upon stimulation with P. gingivalis, neutrophils from subjects with LAgP and healthy controls released similar quantities of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8, CCL2 and intracellular ROS. The presence of RBCs amplified the release of IL-6, TNF-α and CCL2 statistically significant in both groups, but reduced the generation of ROS in the group of healthy controls, and showed a similar tendency in the group of subjects with LAgP. RvE1 had no impact on the production of intracellular ROS, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 by neutrophils from either group, but tended to reduce the generation of ROS in subjects with LAgP in the absence of RBCs.Our data support that binding to RBCs protects P. gingivalis from ROS and concomitantly enhances neutrophil release of proinflammatory cytokines providing a selective advantage for P. gingivalis growth.

Formål Formålet med denne systematiske gennemgang af litteraturen var at teste hypotesen, at der ingen forskel er på anvendelsen af Bio-Oss alene eller Bio-Oss blandet med autolog knogle som transplantationsmateriale til sinusløftprocedure ved lateral vindueteknik baseret på dyreeksperimentelle undersøgelser. Materialer og metoder En elektronisk litteratursøgning i MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase og Cochrane kombineret med manuel søgning af relevante tidsskrifter blev udført med henblik på at inkludere dyreeksperimentelle undersøgelser offentliggjort på engelsk fra 1. januar 1990 til 1. juni 2010. Søgningen identificerede 879 undersøgelser, og 14 undersøgelser opfyldte inklusionskriterierne. Resultater Den systematiske gennemgang af de inkluderede undersøgelser viste, at stabiliteten af transplantationsmaterialets volumen forbedres signifikant ved øget mængde Bio-Oss i transplantationsmaterialet. Knogleregeneration, knogleimplantatkontakt, biomekaniske undersøgelser af implantatstabilitet og nedbrydning af Bio-Oss efter sinusløftprocedure ved de to behandlingsmodaliteter er ikke sammenlignet i dyreeksperimentelle undersøgelser. Konklusion Hypotesen om ingen forskel på anvendelsen af Bio-Oss alene eller Bio-Oss blandet med autologt knogletransplantat i forbindelse med sinusløftprocedure kunne hverken bekræftes eller forkastes baseret på de eksisterende dyreeksperimentelle undersøgelser. Jensen T, Schou S, Stavropoulos A, Terheyden H, Holmstrup P. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio-Oss or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft in animals: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;41:114-20.

Formål Formålet med denne systematiske gennemgang af litteraturen var at teste hypotesen, at der ingen forskel er på implantatbehandlingens resultat, når der anvendes henholdsvis Bio-Oss alene eller Bio-Oss blandet med autolog knogle som transplantationsmateriale til sinusløftprocedure ved lateral vindueteknik baseret på humane undersøgelser. Materialer og metoder En elektronisk litteratursøgning i MEDLINE (PubMed) kombineret med manuel søgning af relevante tidsskrifter blev udført med henblik på at inkludere kliniske undersøgelser offentliggjort på engelsk fra 1. januar 1990 til 1. juni 2010. Søgningen identificerede 879 undersøgelser, og 35 undersøgelser opfyldte inklusionskriterierne. Resultater Den systematiske gennemgang af de inkluderede undersøgelser viste, at det ikke var muligt at foretage en metaanalyse på grund af betydelig variation i de inkluderede studier. Endvidere kunne der ikke identificeres langtidsundersøgelser, der sammenlignede sinusløftprocedure med de to behandlingsmodaliteter. Desuden kunne der ikke identificeres undersøgelser, hvor overlevelsen af suprastrukturen efter de to behandlingsprocedurer blev sammenlignet. Den etårige implantatoverlevelse blev sammenlignet i en enkelt undersøgelse, og der kunne ikke påvises statistisk signifikant forskel. Implantatoverlevelsen var således 96 % med Bio-Oss alene og 94 % med en blanding af 80 % Bio-Oss og 20 % autolog knogle fra underkæben. Tilsætning af en begrænset mængde autolog knogle til Bio-Oss syntes ikke at øge mængden af nydannet knogle eller knogleimplantatkontakten sammenlignet med Bio-Oss alene. Konklusion Hypotesen om ingen forskel på anvendelsen af Bio-Oss alene eller Bio-Oss blandet med autologt knogletransplantat i forbindelse med sinusløftprocedure kunne derfor hverken bekræftes eller forkastes baseret på de eksisterende humane undersøgelser. Der er således behov for supplerende langtidsundersøgelser med fokus på overlevelsen af suprastrukturer og implantater ved de to behandlingsmodaliteter, før endelige konklusioner kan drages. Jensen T, Schou S, Stavropoulos A, Terheyden H, Holmstrup P. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio-Oss or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012;23:263-73.

Normalt plasmaglukose 4 - 6 mmol/L Normal faste plasma insulin 15 - 55 pmol/L HbA1c normal 4,1 - 6,4 % (20 - 48 mmol/mol) Insulinresistente personer har øget insulinsekretion som kompensation for den lave følsomhed, hvorfor værdierne stiger til 55 pmol/L S-insulin. Overstiger HbA1c 9 mmol/mol, indikerer det insufficient reguleret blodsukker, og der vil være brug for DM-behandling. Trods længere tids svær hyperglykæmi stiger HbA1c sjældent til over 17 % hos diabetikere.

Aims: The objective of the present systematic review was to test the hypothesis of no differences in the implant treatment outcome when Bio-Oss or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone is used as graft for the maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) applying the lateral window technique. Material and methods: A MEDLINE (PubMed) search in combination with a hand search of relevant journals was conducted by including human studies published in English from January 1, 1990 to June 1, 2010. The search provided 879 titles and 35 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Considerable variation in the included studies prevented meta-analysis from being performed and no long-term study comparing MSFA with the two treatment modalities was identified. Also, the survival of suprastructures after the two augmentation procedures was not compared within the same study. Results: The 1-year implant survival was compared in one study demonstrating no statistically significant difference. The implant survival was 96% with Bio-Oss and 94% with a mixture of 80% Bio-Oss and 20% autogenous mandibular bone. Addition of a limited amount of autogenous bone to Bio-Oss seemed not to increase the amount of new bone formation and bone-to-implant contact compared with Bio-Oss. Conclusions: Therefore, the hypothesis of no differences between the use of Bio-Oss or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft for MSFA could neither be confirmed nor rejected. To cite this article: Jensen T, Schou S, Stavropoulos A, Terheyden H, Holmstrup P. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio-Oss or Bio-Oss mixed with autogenous bone as graft: a systematic review. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000-000 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02168.x.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to learn about the volumetric changes of the graft after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio-Oss and autogenous bone from the iliac crest or the mandible in different ratios in minipigs. Material and methods: Bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation was performed in 40 minipigs with: (A) 100% autogenous bone, (B) 75% autogenous bone and 25% Bio-Oss, (C) 50% autogenous bone and 50% Bio-Oss, (D) 25% autogenous bone and 75% Bio-Oss, and (E) 100% Bio-Oss. The autogenous bone graft was harvested from the iliac crest or the mandible and the graft composition was selected at random and placed concomitant with implant placement. Computed tomographies of the maxillary sinuses were obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at euthanasia after 12 weeks. The volumetric changes of the graft were estimated using the Cavalieri principle and expressed as mean percentage with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The mean volume of the graft was reduced by (A) 65% (95% CI: 60-70%), (B) 38% (95% CI: 35-41%), (C) 23% (95% CI: 21-25%), (D) 16% (95% CI: 12-21%), and (E) 6% (95% CI: 4-8%). The volumetric reduction was significantly influenced by the ratio of Bio-Oss and autogenous bone (P

A review of the literature with respect to whether antibiotic prophylaxis should be recommended in relation to dental treatment of patients with hip or knee joint prosthesis. We find no evidence for such a general recommendation. As neutropenic patients and patients with rheumatoid arthritis are generally more prone to develop periprosthetic infections it can be considered in these cases to give prophylactic antibiotics before more extensive dental treatments.

Microbiological diagnostics are an important element in the treatment of infectious diseases partly to ensure optimal treatment and partly to reduce the overuse of antibiotics. There is general agreement that the oral diseases caries, periodontitis and candidiasis are caused by microorganisms in the oral cavity, but with a single exception there is no evidence that these are actual infectious diseases, ie. diseases that transmit from patient to patient. The article discusses whether new methods for mapping the oral microbiota and its activities in the future may be applied in clinical dentistry.