Search

The diagnosis of liquid and solid biopsies by different instruments makes the clinic loading difficult in many aspects. Given the compositions of magnetic particles (MPs) with diverse characterizations and the innovative acoustic type of vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), the versatile, accessible magnetic diagnosis platform was proposed to meet clinical demands, such as low loading for multiple biopsies. In liquid biopsies of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) standard solutions and subject serums, molecular concentration was analyzed from saturation magnetization by the soft type of Fe3O4 MPs with AFP bioprobe coating. In the phantom mixture simulated as bounded MPs in tissue, the bounded MPs was evaluated from the area of the hysteresis loop by hard type of cobalt MPs without bio-probes coating. Not only a calibration curve was founded for many hepatic cell carcinoma stages, but also microscale images verified the Ms increase due to magnetic protein clusters, etc. Hence, its wide populations in clinics could be expected.

An-song Liu,1 Hai-yang Yu,1 Yan-lin Yang,2 Fu-yao Xue,1 Xia Chen,3 Yun Zhang,3 Zi-yu Zhou,1 Bin Zhang,1 Lan Li,4 Chuan-zheng Sun,5 Peng Huang,6 Ju-fang Huang1 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 5Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Peng HuangDepartment of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 15273124136Email xiangyahp@csu.edu.cnJu-fang HuangDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 15873108338Email huangjufang@csu.edu.cnBackground: Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat due to its resistance to chemotherapy. The essential role played by Mcl-1 in promoting chemoresistance has been observed in a variety of cancers, including OS, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Methods: We investigated the expression of Mcl-1 in 42 paired OS specimens obtained before and after adjuvant chemotherapy, and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Loss and gain of function studies were performed to analyze the effects of Mcl-1 modulations on the chemosensitivity, and the mechanism involved in the deregulation of Mcl-1 in OS cells.Results: In OS specimens, the expression of Mcl-1 was significantly upregulated after chemotherapy, and high Mcl-1 expression was associated with poorer overall survival and an increased recurrence rate. Furthermore, we demonstrated that chemotherapy-driven increased Mcl-1 decreased chemosensitivity by promoting tumour proliferation and inhibiting DNA damage. Moreover, Mcl-1 was found to be a direct target of miR-375 in OS cells. The knockdown of Mcl-1 phenocopied miR-375 downregulation, and the overexpression of miR-375 rescued the effects of cisplatin-induced DNA damage mediated by Mcl-1.Conclusion: Our data indicated that chemotherapy-driven increase in the expression of Mcl-1 plays a critical role in chemoresistance, and the intervention of the miR-375/Mcl-1 axis may offer a novel strategy to enhance chemosensitivity in OS treatment.Keywords: osteosarcoma, Mcl-1, chemotherapy resistance, miR-375, cisplatin

Necroptosis is programmed necrosis, a process which has been studied for over a decade. The most common accepted mechanism is through the RIP1- RIP3-MLKL axis to regulate necroptotic cell death. As a result of previous studies on necroptosis, positive regulation for promoting necroptosis such as HSP90 stabilization and hyperactivation of TAK1 on RIP1 is clear. Similarly, the negative regulation of necroptosis, such as through caspase 8, c-FLIP, CHIP, MK2, PELI1, ABIN-1, is also clear. Therefore, the promise of corresponding applications in treating diseases becomes hopeful. Studies have shown that necroptosis is involved in the development of many diseases, such as ischemic injury diseases in various organs, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Given these results, drugs that inhibit or trigger necroptosis can be discovered to treat diseases. In this review, we briefly introduce up to date concepts concerning the mechanism of necroptosis, the diseases that involve necroptosis, and the drugs that can be applied to treat such diseases.

A mixed culture of moderately thermophilie microorganisms was enriched from acid mine drainages(AMDs) samples collected from several sulphide mines in China, and the bioleaching of chalcopyrite was conducted both in shake flask and bioreactor. The results show that in the shake flask, the mixture can tolerate 50 g/L chalcopyrite after being acclimated to gradually increased concentrations of chalcopyrite. The copper extraction increases obviously in bioleaching of chalcopyrite with moderately thermophilic microorganisms supplemented with 0.4 g/L yeast extract at 180 r/min, 74% copper can be extracted in the pulp of 50 g/L chalcopyrite after 20 d. Compared with copper extractions of mesophilic culture, unacclimated culture and acclimated culture without addition of yeast extract, that of accliniated culture with addition of yeast extract is increased by 53%, 44% and 16%, respectively. In a completely stirred tank reactor, the mass fraction of copper and total iron extraction reach up to 81% and 56%, respectively. The results also indicate that it is necessary to add a large amount of acid to the pulp to extract copper from chalcopyrite effectively.