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This paper investigates the challenges of quality management system implementation in agribusiness in Guinea. We explore the issues encountered by the agribusiness managers in the Guinea Republic. In this study, the Delphi and AHP techniques are used to determine the problems the agri-food industries in Guinea face when setting up a quality management system. We looked into what caused problems and what managers thought about the need for ISO 9001 certification in Guinea’s agribusiness industries. We also look at the activity reports of the Guinean Institute of Standardization and Metrology (IGNM) and the National Office of Quality Control (ONCQ) to learn more about the problems. Our findings show that the main issue is that more national quality management experts are needed to assist agribusiness. It also shows that agribusiness leaders are willing to get ISO 9001 certification and use a quality management system. Nevertheless, the high cost of certification and the amount of paperwork are big problems that make it hard to reach that goal. The results of this paper will fill a gap in the literature and allow the Guinean government to take steps to help the agribusiness industries set up quality management systems.

Case Serious complications of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include subcutaneous emphysema (SE) and pneumomediastinum, which are complicated to treat with conventional Western medicine. We report how combining Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) with Western medicine quickly resolved a patient's COVID-19-associated pulmonary complications, shortened hospital stay and improved quality of life. Clinical features and outcome A 59-year-old male with a history of smoking and tumors was diagnosed with COVID-19 in May 2021. At hospitalization, his oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 80%, he had a continuous severe cough, rapid shallow breathing, spontaneous SE and pneumomediastinum. By Day 4 of hospitalization, his condition was worsening despite standard care, so CHM was added. After 3–5 days, his coughing had lessened and supplementary oxygen therapy was de-escalated. Nine days after starting CHM, the SE had completely resolved and the patient avoided intubation. His WHO OS 10-point Scale score had fallen from 6 to 3 points and the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale score from 4 to 2 points. He was hospitalized for 19 days. At 1 week post-discharge, the patient could handle most of his daily activities and experienced minor shortness of breath only when performing labor-intensive tasks. At 1 month, his work output was restored to pre-COVID-19 levels. Conclusion CHM combined with standard Western medicine improved pulmonary function, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation and shortened the hospital stay of a patient with severe COVID-19 complicated by SE and pneumomediastinum.

Obesity is strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes (T2D), mainly because free fatty acids (FFAs) are released from excess fat tissue. Long-term exposure to high levels of FFAs and glucose leads to glucolipotoxicity, causing damage to pancreatic β-cells, thus accelerating the progression of T2D. Therefore, the prevention of β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis is essential to prevent the development of T2D. Unfortunately, there are currently no specific clinical strategies for protecting β-cells, highlighting the need for effective therapies or preventive approaches to improve the survival of β-cells in T2D. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the monoclonal antibody denosumab (DMB), used in osteoporosis, displays a positive effect on blood glucose regulation in patients with T2D. DMB acts as an osteoprotegerin (OPG) by inhibiting the receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL), preventing the maturation and function of osteoclasts. However, the exact mechanism by which the RANK/RANKL signal affects glucose homeostasis has not been fully explained. The present study used human 1.4 × 107 β-cells to simulate the T2D metabolic condition of high glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs), and it investigated the ability of DMB to protect β-cells from glucolipotoxicity. Our results show that DMB effectively attenuated the cell dysfunction and apoptosis caused by high glucose and FFAs in β-cells. This may be caused by blocking the RANK/RANKL pathway that reduced mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) activation and indirectly increased pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) expression. Furthermore, the increase in inflammatory cytokines and ROS caused by the RANK/RANKL signal also played an important role in glucolipotoxicity-induced cytotoxicity, and DMB can also protect β-cells by reducing the mechanisms mentioned above. These findings provide detailed molecular mechanisms for the future development of DMB as a potential protective agent of β-cells.

An outbreak occurred in Wanhua District of Taipei City. It was traced to a cluster infection originating from a teahouse. To prevent further large-scaled community spread, the Taipei City Government established the first community rapid test screening station. This report describes the station's strategy and performance and key factors that contributed to its operation. The project involves collaboration among various departments of Taipei City Government, including the health, environmental, police, transportation, and fire departments. The station provides rapid screening, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and immediate isolation and follow-up medical services upon the detection of a positive case. These services are accessible to local residents and are intended to ease hospitals' burdens. In 36 days, a total of 8532 people were tested, and 419 confirmed cases were identified. Over the same period, the weekly number of positive cases in Wanhua District decreased from 356 to 40, and the PCR positive rate decreased from 21.7% to 1.2%. The policy of establishing rapid screening station, contact tracing and mask wearing policy are key strategies for interrupting chains of transmission of COVID-19. This intervention has become a model for preventing the spread of the epidemic and establishing community rapid screening stations in Taiwan.

For face anti-spoofing, many methods have been proposed to improve the security of face recognition systems. Due to distribution discrepancies among different domains, it is difficult to seek a generalized space which can generalize well to unseen attacks. In this paper, we propose a framework based on meta-learning method to improve the generalization ability of face anti-spoofing. The feature extractor is trained with forcing the distribution of real faces more compact while the distribution of fake faces is more dispersed among domains. Then we add a hybrid-domain meta learner module to simulate multiple domain shift scenarios. Moreover, we add a refined triplet mining to constrain the distance between real faces and fake ones. Multiple gradient information is integrated to optimize the feature extractor and train the model with good generalization performance to unseen attacks of various scenarios. Extensive experiments on four public datasets show that our proposed method can get better generalization ability to unseen target domain compared with state-of-the-art methods. &nbsp

Objectives To analyze the mandibular retromolar space among normal-divergent adult patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods CBCTs of a total of 120 normal-divergent adult patients were investigated. Patients were categorized into the following three groups according to their ANB angle: skeletal Class I (48 patients), skeletal Class II (36 patients), and skeletal Class III (36 patients). Four different planes parallel to the mandibular occlusal plane were used to measure the retromolar space. The retromolar space was measured by two reference lines and then compared between different sagittal skeletal patterns groups. The incidence of root contact with the inner lingual cortex was compared among the three groups. Results The retromolar space of the Class III patients was significantly larger than that of Class I patients and Class II patients. Compared with Class I and Class III patients, Class II patients had a smaller retromolar space and higher incidence of contact with the inner cortex of the mandible. Conclusions Class III patients had a larger retromolar space than Class I patients and Class II patients in four different planes. The mandibular retromolar space should be evaluated by CBCT in patients who need mandibular molar distalization.

The Huayu-Qiangshen-Tongbi (HQT) decoction, a Chinese medical formula, has been identified to show a potent therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the specific molecular mechanism of HQT in RA has not been well studied. In the present study, LPS-treated human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) MH7A cells and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were utilized as in vitro and in vivo models. Our results demonstrated that HQT could efficiently inhibit RA-induced inflammation by reducing the production of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, HQT significantly upregulated the expression of miR-125b. Besides, analysis of bioinformatics suggested casein kinase 2 (CK2) was a potential target of miR-125b. Luciferase reporter assay was performed and revealed that miR-125b suppressed CK2 expression in MH7A cells. Furthermore, miR-125b inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappa-B (NF-κB) activation, which is a downstream target of CK2. In addition, the NF-κB inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) and NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (IkB-α) enhanced the inhibitory effect of miR-125b on the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Taken together, our study revealed that HQT could attenuate RA through upregulating miR-125b to suppress NF-κB-induced inflammation by targeting CK2. The findings of this study should facilitate investigating the mechanism of HQT on RA and discovering novel therapeutic targets for RA.

Introduction: Identification of the first selective inhibitor, also called “hit molecules, " is crucial for developing drugs against a protein target. However, the crystal structures of protein-ligand complexes are usually not resolved in time due to the process's time-consuming and costly nature. However, it does not prevent scientists from understanding the binding modes’ urgent advantages and drawbacks of protein-ligand interaction to guide the optimization of hit molecules. Methods: Here, we have developed a pocket-centric computational strategy to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the hit molecules against the protein target. Results: The results show that the pocket-centered mapping method not only allows for accurate prediction of the native docking pose and in-depth analysis of the binding mode but also has the potential of rapidly identifying partially unoccupied, unutilized, but targetable pockets to afford optimized hit molecules. We tested the strategy on the first selective inhibitor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), against human arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC). Molecular dynamics simulation and MM/PBSA binding energy calculation are used to verify the efficacy of the strategy. Conclusion: The results show that the pocket-centered mapping method not only allows for accurate prediction of the native docking pose and in-depth analysis of the binding mode but also has the potential of rapidly identifying partially unoccupied, unutilized, but targetable pockets to afford optimized hit molecules.

Pseudo-labeling has emerged as a popular and effective approach for utilizing unlabeled data. However, in the context of semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL), conventional pseudo-labeling methods encounter difficulties when dealing with instances associated with multiple labels and an unknown label count. These limitations often result in the introduction of false positive labels or the neglect of true positive ones. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel solution called Class-Aware Pseudo-Labeling (CAP) that performs pseudo-labeling in a class-aware manner. The proposed approach introduces a regularized learning framework incorporating class-aware thresholds, which effectively control the assignment of positive and negative pseudo-labels for each class. Notably, even with a small proportion of labeled examples, our observations demonstrate that the estimated class distribution serves as a reliable approximation. Motivated by this finding, we develop a class-distribution-aware thresholding strategy to ensure the alignment of pseudo-label distribution with the true distribution. The correctness of the estimated class distribution is theoretically verified, and a generalization error bound is provided for our proposed method. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets confirm the efficacy of CAP in addressing the challenges of SSMLL problems.

Pericytes are the mural cells of the microvascular network that are in close contact with underlying endothelial cells. Endothelial-secreted PDGFB leads to recruitment of pericytes to the vessel wall, but this is disrupted in Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice when the PDGFB retention motif is deleted. This results in severely reduced pericyte coverage on blood vessels. In this study, we investigated vascular abnormalities and hemodynamics in Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice throughout the cerebrovascular network and in different cortical layers by in vivo two-photon microscopy. We confirmed that Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice are severely deficient in pericytes throughout the vascular network, with enlarged brain blood vessels and a reduced number of vessel branches. Red blood cell velocity, linear density, and tube hematocrit were reduced in Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice, which may impair oxygen delivery to the tissue. We also measured intravascular PO2 and found that concentrations were higher in cortical Layer 2/3 in Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice, indicative of reduced blood oxygen extraction. Finally, we found that Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice had a reduced capacity for vasodilation in response to an acetazolamide challenge during functional MRI imaging. Taken together, these results suggest that severe pericyte deficiency can lead to vascular abnormalities and altered cerebral blood flow, reminiscent of pathologies such as arteriovenous malformations., Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 43 (5), ISSN:0271-678X, ISSN:1559-7016

Scene text detection is a challenging computer vision task due to the high variation in text shapes and ratios. In this work, we propose a scene text detector named Deformable Kernel Expansion (DKE), which incorporates the merits of both segmentation and contour-based detectors. DKE employs a segmentation module to segment the shrunken text region as the text kernel, then expands the text kernel contour to obtain text boundary by regressing the vertex-wise offsets. Generating the text kernel by segmentation enables DKE to inherit the arbitrary-shaped text region modeling capability of segmentation-based detectors. Regressing the kernel contour with some sampled vertices enables DKE to avoid the complicated pixel-level post-processing and better learn contour deformation as the contour-based detectors. Moreover, we propose an Optimal Bipartite Graph Matching Loss (OBGML) that measures the matching error between the predicted contour and the ground truth, which efficiently minimizes the global contour matching distance. Extensive experiments on CTW1500, Total-Text, MSRA-TD500, and ICDAR2015 demonstrate that DKE achieves a good tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency in scene text detection.

ObjectiveTo identify the gene subtypes related to immune cells of cholangiocarcinoma and construct an immune score model to predict the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis for cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsBased on principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-cholangiocarcinoma, GSE107943 and E-MTAB-6389 datasets were combined as Joint data. Immune genes were downloaded from ImmPort. Univariate Cox survival analysis filtered prognostically associated immune genes, which would identify immune-related subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) further screened immune genes with prognosis values, and tumor immune score was calculated for patients with cholangiocarcinoma after the combination of the three datasets. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis determined the optimal cut-off value, which was applied for dividing cholangiocarcinoma patients into low and high immune score group. To explore the differences in tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy between immune cell-related subtypes and immune score groups of cholangiocarcinoma.Results34 prognostic immune genes and three immunocell-related subtypes with statistically significant prognosis (IC1, IC2 and IC3) were identified. Among them, IC1 and IC3 showed higher immune cell infiltration, and IC3 may be more suitable for immunotherapy and chemotherapy. 10 immune genes with prognostic significance were screened by LASSO regression analysis, and a tumor immune score model was constructed. Kaplan-Meier (KM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that RiskScore had excellent prognostic prediction ability. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 6 gene (NLRX1, AKT1, CSRP1, LEP, MUC4 and SEMA4B) of 10 genes were abnormal expressions between cancer and paracancer tissue. Immune cells infiltration in high immune score group was generally increased, and it was more suitable for chemotherapy. In GSE112366-Crohn’s disease dataset, 6 of 10 immune genes had expression differences between Crohn’s disease and healthy control. The area under ROC obtained 0.671 based on 10-immune gene signature. Moreover, the model had a sound performance in Crohn’s disease.ConclusionThe prediction of tumor immune score model in predicting immune microenvironment, immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma has shown its potential for indicating the effect of immunotherapy on patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

Two new rare trachylobane euphoratones A-B (1-2), together with five known diterpenoids (compounds 3-7), were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia atoto. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated through HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis. Compounds 1, 3, 4 and 7 showed weak anti-inflammatory activities (IC50 77.49 ± 6.34, 41.61 ± 14.49, 16.00 ± 1.71 and 33.41 ± 4.52 μM, respectively), compared to the positive control quercetin (IC50 15.23 ± 0.65 μM).

Evaluating the performance of low-light image enhancement (LLE) is highly subjective, thus making integrating human preferences into image enhancement a necessity. Existing methods fail to consider this and present a series of potentially valid heuristic criteria for training enhancement models. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm, i.e., aesthetics-guided low-light image enhancement (ALL-E), which introduces aesthetic preferences to LLE and motivates training in a reinforcement learning framework with an aesthetic reward. Each pixel, functioning as an agent, refines itself by recursive actions, i.e., its corresponding adjustment curve is estimated sequentially. Extensive experiments show that integrating aesthetic assessment improves both subjective experience and objective evaluation. Our results on various benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of ALL-E over state-of-the-art methods.

As revealed in Planetary Urbanisation, wilderness spaces consistently decay due to the unfettered worldwide spread of the urban fabric. If the end of wildness is inevitable in the planetary urbanisation, how can we recover the biodiversity and live with local wildlife in the perpetual urbanisation process? The contemporary use of ecological corridor has raised serious concerns in environmental justice; its design heavily relies on well-built, explicit knowledge and always confronts the ideology dilemmas with how to position humans in the making of urban ecology. This paper proposes an integrated AI reasoning framework for the anthropocentric design searching the latent spatial pattern of urban ecology in the Anthropocene epoch. Our proposal combines the connectivity methodology and conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) to algorithmically enable the cross-domain reasoning between wildness and humanity and to create design knowledge without determined rules and specific data of wildlife. The proposed framework consists of three components: 1) connectivity modelling, 2) progressive reasoning and 3) parametric adaptation. It is tested with a design exercise on a 1km*1km site in East London: The human connectivity and wildlife connectivity of one hundred selected reference locations are modelled to train a CycleGAN to suggest the wildlife connectivity based on the human connectivity of the site, and another CycleGAN turns it into a materiality reference. With the reference, parametric prototypes are adopted to adapt the extant urban landscape to the suggested condition in a parametric approach. The study emphasises on how the framework leads to an Anthropocentric ‘sweet spot’ of urban ecology tuned under the limited availability of local wildlife data instead of developing a design work fully. The result suggests the creation of the discrete urban ecological field can be led by an eco-intensity-graded, mass?customisable framework.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ict-10.1177_15347354231178898 for Chinese Herbal Medicine Improved Survival in Stage IV Breast Cancer Patients: Data Mining of the Incorporated Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and Hospital Database by Po-En Chen, Hao-Hsiu Hung, Wei-Te Huang, Chen-Hsuan Yeh, Yi-Wei Kao, Ben-Chang Shia and Sheng-Teng Huang in Integrative Cancer Therapies

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have effectively been demonstrated in solving forward and inverse differential equation problems, but they are still trapped in training failures when the target functions to be approximated exhibit high-frequency or multi-scale features. In this paper, we propose to employ implicit stochastic gradient descent (ISGD) method to train PINNs for improving the stability of training process. We heuristically analyze how ISGD overcome stiffness in the gradient flow dynamics of PINNs, especially for problems with multi-scale solutions. We theoretically prove that for two-layer fully connected neural networks with large hidden nodes, randomly initialized ISGD converges to a globally optimal solution for the quadratic loss function. Empirical results demonstrate that ISGD works well in practice and compares favorably to other gradient-based optimization methods such as SGD and Adam, while can also effectively address the numerical stiffness in training dynamics via gradient descent., Comment: 17 pages, published as a conference paper at AAAI23

Delivering genes to and across the brain vasculature efficiently and specifically across species remains a critical challenge for addressing neurological diseases. We have evolved adeno-associated virus (AAV9) capsids into vectors that transduce brain endothelial cells specifically and efficiently following systemic administration in wild-type mice with diverse genetic backgrounds, and in rats. These AAVs also exhibit superior transduction of the CNS across non-human primates (marmosets and rhesus macaques), and in ex vivo human brain slices, although the endothelial tropism is not conserved across species. The capsid modifications translate from AAV9 to other serotypes such as AAV1 and AAV-DJ, enabling serotype switching for sequential AAV administration in mice. We demonstrate that the endothelial-specific mouse capsids can be used to genetically engineer the blood-brain barrier by transforming the mouse brain vasculature into a functional biofactory. We apply this approach to Hevin knockout mice, where AAV-X1-mediated ectopic expression of the synaptogenic protein Sparcl1/Hevin in brain endothelial cells rescued synaptic deficits., Nature Communications, 14 (1), ISSN:2041-1723

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-ict-10.1177_15347354231178898 for Chinese Herbal Medicine Improved Survival in Stage IV Breast Cancer Patients: Data Mining of the Incorporated Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and Hospital Database by Po-En Chen, Hao-Hsiu Hung, Wei-Te Huang, Chen-Hsuan Yeh, Yi-Wei Kao, Ben-Chang Shia and Sheng-Teng Huang in Integrative Cancer Therapies

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-ict-10.1177_15347354231178898 for Chinese Herbal Medicine Improved Survival in Stage IV Breast Cancer Patients: Data Mining of the Incorporated Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and Hospital Database by Po-En Chen, Hao-Hsiu Hung, Wei-Te Huang, Chen-Hsuan Yeh, Yi-Wei Kao, Ben-Chang Shia and Sheng-Teng Huang in Integrative Cancer Therapies

Additional file 1. Additional Tables and Figures.

Recent aerial object detection models rely on a large amount of labeled training data, which requires unaffordable manual labeling costs in large aerial scenes with dense objects. Active learning is effective in reducing the data labeling cost by selectively querying the informative and representative unlabelled samples. However, existing active learning methods are mainly with class-balanced setting and image-based querying for generic object detection tasks, which are less applicable to aerial object detection scenario due to the long-tailed class distribution and dense small objects in aerial scenes. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning method for cost-effective aerial object detection. Specifically, both object-level and image-level informativeness are considered in the object selection to refrain from redundant and myopic querying. Besides, an easy-to-use class-balancing criterion is incorporated to favor the minority objects to alleviate the long-tailed class distribution problem in model training. To fully utilize the queried information, we further devise a training loss to mine the latent knowledge in the undiscovered image regions. Extensive experiments are conducted on the DOTA-v1.0 and DOTA-v2.0 benchmarks to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that it can save more than 75% of the labeling cost to reach the same performance compared to the baselines and state-of-the-art active object detection methods. Code is available at \href{https://github.com/ZJW700/MUS-CDB}{\textit{https://github.com/ZJW700/MUS-CDB}}., 13 pages, 7 figures

Pavement Distress Recognition (PDR) is an important step in pavement inspection and can be powered by image-based automation to expedite the process and reduce labor costs. Pavement images are often in high-resolution with a low ratio of distressed to non-distressed areas. Advanced approaches leverage these properties via dividing images into patches and explore discriminative features in the scale space. However, these approaches usually suffer from information loss during image resizing and low efficiency due to complex learning frameworks. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method for PDR. A light network named the Kernel Inversed Pyramidal Resizing Network (KIPRN) is introduced for image resizing, and can be flexibly plugged into the image classification network as a pre-network to exploit resolution and scale information. In KIPRN, pyramidal convolution and kernel inversed convolution are specifically designed to mine discriminative information across different feature granularities and scales. The mined information is passed along to the resized images to yield an informative image pyramid to assist the image classification network for PDR. We applied our method to three well-known Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and conducted an evaluation on a large-scale pavement image dataset named CQU-BPDD. Extensive results demonstrate that KIPRN can generally improve the pavement distress recognition of these CNN models and show that the simple combination of KIPRN and EfficientNet-B3 significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art patch-based method in both performance and efficiency., Accepted By ICONIP as Oral paper

Several collections of Calostoma (Calostomataceae, Boletales) from the south of China were investigated using morphology, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S), and the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Two species of the genus are recognized, one is the previously described taxon, C. areolatum, the other, C. sinocinnabarinum, is described as new: Detailed descriptions, color photos of fresh basidiomata and line-drawings of microstructures of the two taxa are presented.

A distributed active and reactive power control (DARPC) strategy based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed for regional AC transmission system (TS) with wind farms (WFs). The proposed DARPC strategy optimizes the power distribution among the WFs to minimize the power losses of the AC TS while tracking the active power reference from the transmission system operator (TSO), and minimize the voltage deviation of the buses inside the WF from the rated voltage as well as power losses of the WF collection system. The optimal power flow (OPF) of the TS is relaxed by using the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation while the branch flow model is used to model the collection system of the WF. In the DARPC strategy, the large-scale strongly coupled optimization problem is decomposed by using the ADMM, which are solved in the regional TS controller and WF controllers in parallel without loss of the global optimality. The boundary information is exchanged between the regional TS controller and WF controllers. Compared to the conventional OPF method of the TS with WFs, the optimality and accuracy of the system operation can be improved. Moreover, it efficiently reduces the computation burden of the system controller and eliminates the need of a central controller. The protection of the information privacy can be enhanced. A modified IEEE 9-bus system with two WFs consisting of 64 wind turbines (WTs) is used to validate the proposed DARPC strategy.

In the present study, we propose the combination of novel branch-structured fins and Al2O3 nanoparticles to enhance the performance of a phase change material (PCM) during the solidification process in a triple-tube heat exchanger. The inevitable drawback of PCMs is their lower heat conductivity, which can result in a long response time during the phase change process in latent heat thermal storage systems. Therefore, any serious improvement strategy needs an optimized phase change process. A mathematical model for a two-dimensional structure composed of a PCM with paraffin RT82 and Al2O3 nanoparticles that considers the thermal conduction in metal fins, Brownian motion of nanoparticles, and natural convection in a liquid phase PCM is proposed and verified based on experimental results. The impact of various volume fractions and fin layouts on the solidification process is discussed, involving the evolution and deformation of solid–liquid interfaces and distribution of isotherms and average temperature and liquid fraction curves. The results imply that the solidification behaviour can be significantly enhanced by the application of nanoparticles and metal fins. Compared with the inherent structure of the heat exchanger, the solidification time is decreased by 8.5%, 9.3%, and 10.3% for Al2O3 nanoparticles (at 2%, 5%, and 8%, respectively) only and by 83.0%, 80.7%, 80.8%, and 82.9%, respectively, for various fin layouts only. This is attributed to increased heat transfer by thermal conduction and natural convection. It can be concluded that the impact of the use of fins is preferable compared to that for nanoparticles, and the benefit of nanoparticles is limited.

In situ anaerobic treatment is an effective and sustainable method for petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated groundwater remediation. In this study, application of a formerly screened microbial ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aberrant lipid metabolism is recognized as a key feature of cancer cells. Our initial research on MS-based analysis of lipids in a multiple myeloma (MM) cell line showed a significant accumulation of lipids in multiple myeloma cells after proteasome inhibition. This finding prompted us to hypothesize that multiple myeloma cell survival depends on the maximal utilization of abnormally accumulated lipids. Therefore, we explored whether lipid metabolism-modulating agents would synergize with proteasome inhibitors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Lipid accumulation in multiple myeloma cells was measured by MS. Synergism between lipid regulators and proteasome inhibitors was assessed by cell viability and apoptosis. A novel stable derivative of fenofibrate (FCE) was synthesized and used to treat multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo along with the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib. ChIP-seq, western blotting and RT-qPCR were performed to explore the potential mechanism(s) underlying the increase in lipid levels in multiple myeloma cells after proteasome inhibition. KEY RESULTS Accumulation of lipids in multiple myeloma cells was induced by proteasome inhibition. Lipid-lowering drugs and MG-132 exerted a synergistic effect to kill multiple myeloma cells. FCE showed significant synergistic activity in vitro and in vivo with ixazomib. The abnormal lipid accumulation in multiple myeloma cells that was enhanced by proteasome inhibitors might be due to the elevated SREBP1/2 expression induced by ATF4. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results provide a proof of principle and support for the further clinical evaluation of the combination of lipid-modulating drugs with proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

ThisSupplemental Material file contains further details of the PAW datasets adopted in this work and further discussions on theeffects of magnetic orderings on the total energy, metallicity of the HS-rs and HS-c states, and the atomic and electronic structures of the HS-o3 state. Acomparison between Ref. 20 and this work is also included.&nbsp

At ambient pressure, bulk SrCoO$_{3}$ is a ferromagnetic (FM) metal in cubic perovskite structure. By contrast, magnetic properties of epitaxial SrCoO$_{3}$ thin films, especially at high tensile strain ($\varepsilon \gtrsim 3$\%), remain unclear: Previous calculations had predicted antiferromagnetic (AFM) states more energetically favorable in this regime, but recent experiments indicated a FM insulating state. In this work, using first-principles calculations, we perform an extensive search for the structural, spin, magnetic, and orbital states of SrCoO$_{3}$ thin films. Our calculations indicate that at $0 < \varepsilon \lesssim 2.5$\%, SrCoO$_{3}$ favors a FM half-metallic state with intermediate-spin ($t_{2g}^{5}e_{g}^{1}$-like) Co exhibiting $d^{6}\underline L$ character. At $\varepsilon \gtrsim 2.5$\%, a FM insulating state with high-spin ($t_{2g}^{4}e_{g}^{2}$-like) Co dominates. This FM insulating state is achieved via complicated orbital ordering, cooperative Jahn--Teller distortion, and octahedral tilting about all three crystal axes., 15 pages, 4 figures

Topological band theory predicts a $\mathbb{Z}$ classification of three-dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetals (DSMs) at the single-particle level. Namely, an arbitrary number of identical bulk Dirac nodes will always remain locally stable and gapless in the single-particle band spectrum, as long as the protecting symmetry is preserved. In this work, we find that this single-particle classification for $C_n$-symmetric DSMs will break down to $\mathbb{Z}_{n/\text{gcd}(2,n)}$ in the presence of symmetry-preserving electron interactions. Our theory is based on a dimensional reduction strategy which reduces a 3D Dirac fermions to 1D building blocks, i.e., vortex-line modes, while respecting all the key symmetries. Using bosonization technique, we find that there exists a minimal number $N=n/\text{gcd}(2,n)$ such that the collection of vortex-line modes in $N$ copies of DSMs can be symmetrically eliminated via four-fermion interactions. While this gapping mechanism does not have any free-fermion counterpart, it yields an intuitive ``electron-trion coupling" picture. By developing a topological field theory for DSMs and further checking the anomaly-free condition, we independently arrive at the same classification results. Our theory paves the way for understanding topological crystalline semimetallic phases in the strongly correlated regime., 5+7 pages, 1 table, 1 figure

Solid tumors can be divided into benign solid tumors and solid malignant tumors in the academic community, among which malignant solid tumors are called cancers. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and the global incidence of cancer is increasing yearly New cancer patients in China are always the first. After the concept of stem cells was introduced in the tumor community, the CSC markers represented by ALDH1 have been widely studied due to their strong CSC cell characteristics and potential to be the driving force of tumor metastasis. In the research results in the past five years, it has been found that ALDH1 is highly expressed in various solid cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, head,and neck cancer. ALDH1 can activate and transform various pathways (such as the USP28/MYC signaling pathway, ALDH1A1/HIF-1α/VEGF axis, wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway), as well as change the intracellular pH value to promote formation and maintenance, resulting in drug resistance in tumors. By targeting and inhibiting ALDH1 in tumor stem cells, it can enhance the sensitivity of drugs and inhibit the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of solid tumor stem cells to some extent. This review discusses the relationship and pathway of ALDH1 with various solid tumors. It proposes that ALDH1 may serve as a diagnosis and therapeutic target for CSC, providing new insights and new strategies for reliable tumor treatment.

Background and Objective: Recent experimental studies using ultra-high dose rate radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) have shown improved normal tissue sparing and comparable tumor control compared to conventional dose rate RT. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy with superior dosimetry characteristics has begun to draw attention to the delivery of conformal FLASH-RT for preclinical studies. This review aims to provide recent updates on the development of PBS FLASH-RT. Methods: The information summarized in this review article is based on search results in databases such as PubMed and search engines like Google Scholar, with keywords including pencil beam scanning, proton therapy, proton FLASH, Bragg peak FLASH, etc., with English articles from the year of 2014-2022. Content and Findings: This review summarizes of recent developments in PBS FLASH proton therapy (FLASH-PT), including PBS dose rate characterization, current delivery limitations, treatment planning, and biological investigations. Conclusions: As PBS FLASH delivery has enabled successful biological studies using transmission beams, the further improvement in PBS Bragg peak FLASH technologies will result in more advanced treatment plans associated with potentially improved outcomes.

Compared with single-label image classification, multi-label image classification is more practical and challenging. Some recent studies attempted to leverage the semantic information of categories for improving multi-label image classification performance. However, these semantic-based methods only take semantic information as type of complements for visual representation without further exploitation. In this paper, we present an innovative path towards the solution of the multi-label image classification which considers it as a dictionary learning task. A novel end-to-end model named Deep Semantic Dictionary Learning (DSDL) is designed. In DSDL, an auto-encoder is applied to generate the semantic dictionary from class-level semantics and then such dictionary is utilized for representing the visual features extracted by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with label embeddings. The DSDL provides a simple but elegant way to exploit and reconcile the label, semantic and visual spaces simultaneously via conducting the dictionary learning among them. Moreover, inspired by iterative optimization of traditional dictionary learning, we further devise a novel training strategy named Alternately Parameters Update Strategy (APUS) for optimizing DSDL, which alternately optimizes the representation coefficients and the semantic dictionary in forward and backward propagation. Extensive experimental results on three popular benchmarks demonstrate that our method achieves promising performances in comparison with the state-of-the-arts. Our codes and models have been released at {https://github.com/ZFT-CQU/DSDL}., Accepted by AAAI2021

The Huayu-Qiangshen-Tongbi (HQT) decoction, a Chinese medical formula, has been identified to show a potent therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the specific molecular mechanism of HQT in RA has not been well studied. In the present study, LPS-treated human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) MH7A cells and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were utilized as

Purpose Due to lumbar spinal surgery is frequently accompanied with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, it is necessary to find an effective postoperative analgesia for patients with this surgery. This study aimed to observe the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine erector spinae plane block (ESPB) used in posterior lumbar spine surgery. Methods In this clinical trial, patients undergoing posterior lumbar spine surgery were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: intervention and control. The intervention group (Group E) received 0.375% ropivacaine with 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine in a total of 20 ml for ESPB; the control group (Group C) received 20 ml ropivacaine 0.375% for ESPB. US-guided ESPB was performed preoperatively in all patients. Demographics, anesthesia time, surgery time, and ASA grade from the participants were recorded at baseline. The primary clinical outcome measures were 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 24-and 48-h visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores after surgery at rest and movement state. Other end points included opioid consumption, number of PCIA presses, flurbiprofen-axetil consumption, quality of recovery and pain management after surgery. Results One hundred twenty patients were enrolled in the study (mean [SD] ages: Group E, 54.77 [8.61] years old; Group C,56.40 [7.87] years old; P = 0.280). The mean anesthesia time was 152.55 (15.37) min in Group E and 152.60 (16.47) min in Group C (P = 0.986). Additionally, the surgery time was 141.70 (15.71) min in Group E compared to 141.48 (17.13) min in Group C (P = 0.943). In addition, we found that the VAS pain scores in the resting state during the postoperative period at 8–48 h were lower in Group E than in Group C. However, the VAS pain scores in the active state were lower in Group E at 12–48 h (P P P Conclusions All the findings suggested that dexmedetomidine could significantly relieve postoperative pain and reduce the consumption of opioids in patients undergoing posterior lumbar spine surgery without obvious adverse reactions as a local anesthetic adjuvant. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different drug dosages may be useful in understanding the potential clinical benefits of dexmedetomidine.

Vascular calcifications are characterized by the ectopic deposition of calcium and phosphate in the vascular lumen or wall. They are a common finding in computed tomography scans or during autopsy and are often directly related to a pathological condition. While the pathogenesis and functional consequences of vascular calcifications have been intensively studied in some peripheral organs, vascular calcification, and its pathogenesis in the central nervous system is poorly characterized and understood. Here, we review the occurrence of vessel calcifications in the brain in the context of aging and various brain diseases. We discuss the pathomechanism of brain vascular calcification in primary familial brain calcification as an example of brain vessel calcification. A particular focus is the response of microglia to the vessel calcification in the brain and their role in the clearance of calcifications., Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, ISSN:1663-4365

Calostoma areolatum Y.H. Ma, B. Zhang & Y. Li, Sydowia 70: 230, 2018 (Figs. 2a���c, 3, 5a���c) Description:��� Basidiomata stalked. Peridium subglobose or globose, 1.4���1.5 cm in diam. Exoperidium composed of many, dark brown (2E3), cone-shaped or pyramid-shaped warts or appendages of varying sizes, which occasionally fall off with age. Mesoperidium absent. Endoperidium brown (3E5), with many polygonal grids on the surface when mature. Ostiolum star-shaped, teeth 4���6, yellow (4A5) when young, vermilion (9B7) when mature, exposing a white spore bag. Spore-sac yellowish (1A2), membranous, 0.5 cm in diam, with yellowish (1A2) power, connected to the ostiolum. Stipe strongly developed, central, 2.5���4 �� 1.2 cm; surface gelatinous, dark brown (4E7), composed of many regularly arranged and occasional branching longitudinal cords. Basidiospores [360/18/6] (13.5���)14���20(���20.5) �� (14���)14.5���20 ��m, Q = (0.93���)0.94���1.05(���1.06), Qm = 1.00 �� 0.03 (including ornamentation), [360/18/6] (7���)8.5���12 �� (7���)8.5���12 ��m, Q = (0.92���)0.94���1.05(���1.09), Qm = 1.00 �� 0.03 (excluding ornamentation), globose, petal-like under light microscope, petals consist of many vertical lines under SEM, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH. Basidia not seen. Exoperidium hyphae sparsely branched, gelatinized, pale yellow in KOH; terminal cells 31���68 �� 12���16 ��m, slightly thick-walled (0.2���0.4 ��m). Endoperidium hyphae hyaline to yellowish in KOH, occasionally branched; terminal cells 23���110 �� 3���4 ��m, thick-walled (1���3 ��m). Stipe hyphae composed of two layers; hyphae in the first layer pale yellow, with terminal cells measuring14���50 �� 4���10 ��m, thick-walled (2���5 ��m); hyphae in the second layer hyaline, with terminal cells measuring 10���99 �� 3���4.5 ��m, slightly thick-walled (0.4 ��m), occasionally with hyaline granular appendages. Clamp connections occasionally observed in endoperidium hyphae. Habitat:���Gregarious or scattered on yellow soil (pH4.8) in forests dominated by Lithocarpus spp. Known distribution:��� Fujian, Jiangxi (Liu et al. 2018) and Hainan Provinces of China. Specimens examined:��� CHINA. Hainan Province: Limushan of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, elev. 750 m, 27 July 2017, N. K . Zeng 3128, 3132, 3135, 3137 (FHMU2089, 2093, 2096, 2098); Yinggeling of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, elev. 800 m, 26 June 2013, N. K . Zeng1199 (FHMU765)., Published as part of Xu, Chang, Liang, Zhi-Qun, Jiang, Shuai, Zhang, Ping, Huang, Sheng-Zhuo & Zeng, Nian- Kai, 2022, Notes on two species of Calostoma (Calostomataceae, Boletales) from the south of China, pp. 49-61 in Phytotaxa 533 (1) on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5973886, {"references":["Liu, L. N., Razaq, A., Atri, N., Bau, T., Belbahri, L., Bouket, A. C., Chen, L. P., Deng, C., Ilyas, S., Khalid, A. N., Kitaura, M. J., Kobayashi, T., Li, Y., Lorenz, A. P., Ma, Y. H., Malysheva, E., Malysheva, V., Nuytinck, J., Qiao, M., Saini, M. K., Scur, M. C., Sharma, S., Shu, L. L., Spirin, V., Tanaka, Y., Tojo, M., Uzuhashi, S., Valerio-Junior, C., Verbeken, A., Verma, B., Wu, R. H., Xu, J. P,. Yu, Z. F., Zeng, H., Zhang, B., Banerjee, A., Beddiar, A., Bordallo, J. J., Dafri, A., Dima, B., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., Lorenzini, M., Mandal, R., Morte, A., Nath, P. S., Papp, V., Pavlik, J., Rodriguez, A., Sevcikova, H., Urban, A., Voglmayr, H. & Zapparoli, G. (2018) Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 4. Sydowia 70: 211 - 286."]}

Calostoma sinocinnabarinum N.K. Zeng, Chang Xu & Zhi Q. Liang, sp. nov. (Figs. 2d–f, 4, 5d–f) MycoBank: MB841417 Etymology:—Latin “ sin -” meaning China, holotype locality; “ cinnabarinum ” meaning the surface of peridium colored with a red tint. Diagnosis:—Characterized by a gelatinous, orange-red to fiery red peridium, a pale orange stipe, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with prominent reticulations, and a distribution in Asia. Holotype:— CHINA. Hunan Province: Yizhang County, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, 112°93′21″E, 24°95′67″71 N, elev. 1200 m, 29 July 2019, N. K. Zeng 4157 (FHMU3739). GenBank accession numbers: 28 S = OK147440, ITS = OK157459. Description:— Basidiomata stalked. Peridium subglobose or globose, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam. Exoperidium gelatinous, hyaline, with jelly-like and seed-like appendages when mature, finally falling off. Mesoperidium reddish orange (6A7) when young, then pale brown; surface nearly smooth, then cracked into irregular blocky lobes, finally falling off. Endoperidium red (6B8) to fiery red, velvet. Ostiolum vermilion (9B7), with upraised ridges, star-shaped, teeth 5–8, covered by the exoperidium and mesoperidium when young, exposed when mature. Stipe strongly developed, central, up to 1.8 cm long, about 2 cm wide, consisting of many lines extending from the bottom of the peridium and wrapped by the colloidal exoperidium. Basidiospores [220/11/4] 10–15(–16) × (8.5–)9–12(–13) μm, Q = (1.00–)1.04–1.50(–1.61), Qm = 1.25 ± 0.14 (including ornamentation), [220/11/4] (7–)8–13(–13.5) × (6–)6.5–9(–9.5) μm, Q = (1.00–)1.06–1.63 (–1.86), Qm = 1.34 ± 0.19 (excluding ornamentation), broadly ellipsoid, with prominent reticulations, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH. Basidia not seen, disintegrating when mature. Exoperidium hyphae long, sparsely branched, gelatinized, hyaline to yellowish in KOH; terminal cells 12–85 × 2–3 μm, thick-walled (1–2 μm). Mesoperidium hyphae yellowish brown in KOH, occasionally branched, with yellowish brown, granular appendages; terminal cells 15–50 × 5–7 μm, slightly thick-walled (0.7–0.9 μm). Stipe hyphae composed of two layers; hyphae in the first layer lemon yellow, with terminal cells measuring 30–65 × 5–8.5 μm, thick-walled (1.5–2 μm); hyphae in the second layer hyaline to pale yellow, with terminal cells measuring 12–49 × 2–4 μm, slightly thick-walled (about 0.4 μm). Clamp connections observed in exoperidium hyphae and the second layer of stipe hyphae. Habitat:—Gregarious on dark brown soil (pH 5.5) in mixed forests of Lithocarpus spp. and Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang. Known distribution:—Central China (Hunan Province); eastern China (Jiangxi Province). Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Hunan Province: Yizhang County, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, elev. 1200 m, 20 July 2013, S. Z . Huang s.n. (FHMU1007); same location, 29 July 2019, N. K . Zeng 4164, 4167 (FHMU3732, 3818). Jiangxi Province: Wuyi Mountain, Tongmuguan, elev. 1080 m, 14 October 1993, M . Zang s.n. (HKAS27132).

Calostoma sinocinnabarinum N.K. Zeng, Chang Xu & Zhi Q. Liang, sp. nov. (Figs. 2d���f, 4, 5d���f) MycoBank: MB841417 Etymology:���Latin ��� sin -��� meaning China, holotype locality; ��� cinnabarinum ��� meaning the surface of peridium colored with a red tint. Diagnosis:���Characterized by a gelatinous, orange-red to fiery red peridium, a pale orange stipe, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with prominent reticulations, and a distribution in Asia. Holotype:��� CHINA. Hunan Province: Yizhang County, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, 112��93���21���E, 24��95���67���71 N, elev. 1200 m, 29 July 2019, N. K. Zeng 4157 (FHMU3739). GenBank accession numbers: 28 S = OK147440, ITS = OK157459. Description:��� Basidiomata stalked. Peridium subglobose or globose, 1.5���2.5 cm in diam. Exoperidium gelatinous, hyaline, with jelly-like and seed-like appendages when mature, finally falling off. Mesoperidium reddish orange (6A7) when young, then pale brown; surface nearly smooth, then cracked into irregular blocky lobes, finally falling off. Endoperidium red (6B8) to fiery red, velvet. Ostiolum vermilion (9B7), with upraised ridges, star-shaped, teeth 5���8, covered by the exoperidium and mesoperidium when young, exposed when mature. Stipe strongly developed, central, up to 1.8 cm long, about 2 cm wide, consisting of many lines extending from the bottom of the peridium and wrapped by the colloidal exoperidium. Basidiospores [220/11/4] 10���15(���16) �� (8.5���)9���12(���13) ��m, Q = (1.00���)1.04���1.50(���1.61), Qm = 1.25 �� 0.14 (including ornamentation), [220/11/4] (7���)8���13(���13.5) �� (6���)6.5���9(���9.5) ��m, Q = (1.00���)1.06���1.63 (���1.86), Qm = 1.34 �� 0.19 (excluding ornamentation), broadly ellipsoid, with prominent reticulations, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH. Basidia not seen, disintegrating when mature. Exoperidium hyphae long, sparsely branched, gelatinized, hyaline to yellowish in KOH; terminal cells 12���85 �� 2���3 ��m, thick-walled (1���2 ��m). Mesoperidium hyphae yellowish brown in KOH, occasionally branched, with yellowish brown, granular appendages; terminal cells 15���50 �� 5���7 ��m, slightly thick-walled (0.7���0.9 ��m). Stipe hyphae composed of two layers; hyphae in the first layer lemon yellow, with terminal cells measuring 30���65 �� 5���8.5 ��m, thick-walled (1.5���2 ��m); hyphae in the second layer hyaline to pale yellow, with terminal cells measuring 12���49 �� 2���4 ��m, slightly thick-walled (about 0.4 ��m). Clamp connections observed in exoperidium hyphae and the second layer of stipe hyphae. Habitat:���Gregarious on dark brown soil (pH 5.5) in mixed forests of Lithocarpus spp. and Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang. Known distribution:���Central China (Hunan Province); eastern China (Jiangxi Province). Additional specimens examined:��� CHINA. Hunan Province: Yizhang County, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, elev. 1200 m, 20 July 2013, S. Z . Huang s.n. (FHMU1007); same location, 29 July 2019, N. K . Zeng 4164, 4167 (FHMU3732, 3818). Jiangxi Province: Wuyi Mountain, Tongmuguan, elev. 1080 m, 14 October 1993, M . Zang s.n. (HKAS27132)., Published as part of Xu, Chang, Liang, Zhi-Qun, Jiang, Shuai, Zhang, Ping, Huang, Sheng-Zhuo & Zeng, Nian- Kai, 2022, Notes on two species of Calostoma (Calostomataceae, Boletales) from the south of China, pp. 49-61 in Phytotaxa 533 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5973886

Adversarial training, originally designed to resist test-time adversarial examples, has shown to be promising in mitigating training-time availability attacks. This defense ability, however, is challenged in this paper. We identify a novel threat model named stability attack, which aims to hinder robust availability by slightly manipulating the training data. Under this threat, we show that adversarial training using a conventional defense budget $\epsilon$ provably fails to provide test robustness in a simple statistical setting, where the non-robust features of the training data can be reinforced by $\epsilon$-bounded perturbation. Further, we analyze the necessity of enlarging the defense budget to counter stability attacks. Finally, comprehensive experiments demonstrate that stability attacks are harmful on benchmark datasets, and thus the adaptive defense is necessary to maintain robustness. Our code is available at https://github.com/TLMichael/Hypocritical-Perturbation., Comment: NeurIPS 2022

Additional file 1. Appendix 1. ROC curves for each machine learning model after testing the validation datasets on the risk of adverse events prediction.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221147366 for Altered hemodynamics and vascular reactivity in a mouse model with severe pericyte deficiency by Jillian L Stobart, Eva Erlebach, Chaim Glück, Sheng-Fu Huang, Matthew JP Barrett, Max Li, Sergei A Vinogradov, Jan Klohs, Yvette Zarb, Annika Keller, Bruno Weber in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

We propose to achieve joint detections of frequency and direction of arrival in wideband using single sensor based on an active metasurface with programmable transmission states of pass and stop. By integrating two PIN diodes with the opposite directions into the proposed single-layer and ultrathin meta-atom, the transmission performance with 10 dB difference between the pass and stop states is realized in the bandwidth from 5.9 GHz to 8.8 GHz using field-circuit co-simulations. Accordingly, random receiving patterns are generated by controlling the programmable metasurface composed of the switchable meta-atoms. Afterwards, the frequency and direction information of sources located in the far field are detected using the modified algorithm of estimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) and the compressive sensing method, respectively. A sample of the programmable metasurface is fabricated and the voltage control system is built up correspondingly. To entirely verify the validity of the proposed method, we conduct three kinds of experiments with one single source, double sources with different frequencies, and double sources with the same frequency, respectively. In all cases, the source information of frequency and direction has been detected preciously in measurements in the frequency band from 6.2 GHz to 8.8 GHz.