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Digitally replicating the appearance and behaviour of individuals is becoming feasible with recent advancements in deep-learning technologies such as interactive deepfake applications, voice conversion, and virtual actors. Interactive applications of such agents, termed AI clones, pose risks related to impression management, identity abuse, and unhealthy dependencies. Identifying concerns AI clones will generate is a prerequisite to establishing the basis of discourse around how this technology will impact a source individual's selfhood and interpersonal relationships. We presented 20 participants of diverse ages and backgrounds with 8 speculative scenarios to explore their perception towards the concept of AI clones. We found that (1. doppelganger-phobia) the abusive potential of AI clones to exploit and displace the identity of an individual elicits negative emotional reactions; (2. identity fragmentation) creating replicas of a living individual threatens their cohesive self-perception and unique individuality; and (3. living memories) interacting with a clone of someone with whom the user has an existing relationship poses risks of misrepresenting the individual or developing over-attachment to the clone. These findings provide an avenue to discuss preliminary ethical implications, respect for identity and authenticity, and design recommendations for creating AI clones.

Cervical carcinoma being the second common cancer in women in Indonesia, as well as in Bali, and mostly patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with having metastases. The lymphatic pathway (lymph nodes) is the most frequent route for cervical cancer metastases. MicroRNA is a novel invention for predicting the biological behavior of cervical carcinoma and has the potential to act as the foundation for targeted therapy for cervical cancer. Several microRNA profiles, including microRNA 21, microRNA 126, and microRNA 143, were discovered to regulate the biological activity of cervical cancer. However, no studies have established a correlation between the expression of one of these microRNAs and the incidence of lymph node metastases in cervical cancer. This study aims to analyze whether overexpression of microRNA 21 is a risk factor for lymph node metastases in cervical cell carcinoma. Collected data was descriptively analyzed using the chi-square test with a p-value

Introduction. Distributing public funds to the “best” researchers is a key element of the science policy. Evaluation is a fundamental activity for the allocation of competitive funding. The flaws of peer review have led to increased interest in the use of bibliometric indicators for the evaluation of the research project proposals.Problem Statement. The advantajes and advance of bibliometrc is stimulated interest toward the correlation of peer review and applicants’ bibliometric indicators. The results of such studies are different and heterogeneous. Such studies are insufficient in Eastern Europe.Purpose. To establish the correlation between peer review and bibliometric indicators of project team leaders within the call for research projects in Moldova, which are financed from public funds for 2020—2023.Material and Methods. Statistical correlation of the results of national competition of R&D proposals (evaluation and funding) and the bibliometrics indicators of project team leaders (publications ant patents); analytical analysis of the contextual factors influencing this correlation.Results. The results of the analysis have shown a positive, albeit weak correlation between the scores assigned by experts and the previous performances of leaders. The most significant relation is between the call results and the Hirsh index in Web of Science and Scopus databases. However, the projects proposed by the most cited researchers in WoS and Scopus or the founders of scientific schools did not receive funding.Conclusions. The analysis of the national R&D competition has proved that previous scientific performance of team leaders influenced the evaluation results and the funding of project proposals. However, these dependencies are not linear and seem to be affected by the conflicts of interest and “old boys” schemes. This fact calls for significant changes of the process: ensuring the transparency, the involvement of foreign experts and the use of bibliometric indicators in evaluation.

This article discusses ways to control the formation of linguistic competence of students of non-linguistic directions of training in modern conditions of teaching foreign languages. Special attention is paid to such types of control as dictation, test, translation tasks and mental map, which can be effectively used both as part of the current control and during the final certification. There are different types of dictations: bilingual, monolingual, continuous and selective. The basic requirements for tests as one of the evaluation tools are established. The importance of translation tasks in the framework of monitoring the formation of students' language competence is noted. The role of creating mental maps and working with them in the integrated assimilation of new information, as well as in the development of creative abilities when learning foreign languages on the example of French and German, is emphasized. In the conditions of technologization of the educational process, new forms of conducting these types of control are proposed: online dictation, computer testing, creating mental maps using various Internet services. Attention is focused on training sites containing monolingual online dictation and tests designed for different age groups and levels of foreign language proficiency.

Background Centralising specialist cancer surgical services is an example of major system change. High-volume centres are recommended to improve specialist cancer surgery care and outcomes. Objective Our aim was to use a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the centralisation of specialist surgery for prostate, bladder, renal and oesophago-gastric cancers in two areas of England [i.e. London Cancer (London, UK), which covers north-central London, north-east London and west Essex, and Greater Manchester Cancer (Manchester, UK), which covers Greater Manchester]. Design Stakeholder preferences for centralising specialist cancer surgery were analysed using a discrete choice experiment, surveying cancer patients (n = 206), health-care professionals (n = 111) and the general public (n = 127). Quantitative analysis of impact on care, outcomes and cost-effectiveness used a controlled before-and-after design. Qualitative analysis of implementation and outcomes of change used a multisite case study design, analysing documents (n = 873), interviews (n = 212) and non-participant observations (n = 182). To understand how lessons apply in other contexts, we conducted an online workshop with stakeholders from a range of settings. A theory-based framework was used to synthesise these approaches. Results Stakeholder preferences – patients, health-care professionals and the public had similar preferences, prioritising reduced risk of complications and death, and better access to specialist teams. Travel time was considered least important. Quantitative analysis (impact of change) – only London Cancer’s centralisations happened soon enough for analysis. These changes were associated with fewer surgeons doing more operations and reduced length of stay [prostate –0.44 (95% confidence interval –0.55 to –0.34) days; bladder –0.563 (95% confidence interval –4.30 to –0.83) days; renal –1.20 (95% confidence interval –1.57 to –0.82) days]. The centralisation meant that renal patients had an increased probability of receiving non-invasive surgery (0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.08). We found no evidence of impact on mortality or re-admissions, possibly because risk was already low pre-centralisation. London Cancer’s prostate, oesophago-gastric and bladder centralisations had medium probabilities (79%, 62% and 49%, respectively) of being cost-effective, and centralising renal services was not cost-effective (12% probability), at the £30,000/quality-adjusted life-year threshold. Qualitative analysis, implementation and outcomes – London Cancer’s provider-led network overcame local resistance by distributing leadership throughout the system. Important facilitators included consistent clinical leadership and transparent governance processes. Greater Manchester Cancer’s change leaders learned from history to deliver the oesophago-gastric centralisation. Greater Manchester Cancer’s urology centralisations were not implemented because of local concerns about the service model and local clinician disengagement. London Cancer’s network continued to develop post implementation. Consistent clinical leadership helped to build shared priorities and collaboration. Information technology difficulties had implications for interorganisational communication and how reliably data follow the patient. London Cancer’s bidding processes and hierarchical service model meant that staff reported feelings of loss and a perceived ‘us and them’ culture. Workshop – our findings resonated with workshop attendees, highlighting issues about change leadership, stakeholder collaboration and implications for future change and evaluation. Limitations The discrete choice experiment used a convenience sample, limiting generalisability. Greater Manchester Cancer implementation delays meant that we could study the impact of only London Cancer changes. We could not analyse patient experience, quality of life or functional outcomes that were important to patients (e.g. continence). Future research Future research may focus on impact of change on care options offered, patient experience, functional outcomes and long-term sustainability. Studying other approaches to achieving high-volume services would be valuable. Study registration National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network Portfolio reference 19761. Funding This project was funded by the NIHR Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 11, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat merupakan salah satu kewajiban bagi dosen yang dirancang berdasarkan rekam jejak hasil penelitian yang menjadi keahlian dosen untuk diterapkan di masyarakat guna mengatasi persoalan praktis yang dihadapi. Posisi masyarakat dalam kegiatan pengabdian adalah sebagai mitra dari perguruan tinggi. Salah satu kelompok mitra pengabdian adalah kelompok masyarakat produktif yang telah memiliki usaha yang akan dikembangkan. Mitra kegiatan abdimas ini adalah petani susu yang dikoordinasi dalam wadah Gubug Lazaris, yang merupakan sebuah tempat pertanian organik di Desa Sambirejo, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra dan telah teridentifikasi adalah pengolahan susu menjadi produk yang lebih tahan lama dan bernilai ekonomis yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu, manajemen usaha kelompok peternak susu perlu untuk diperbaiki. Kegiatan abdimas ini memberikan pelatihan produksi yoghurt dan faktor-faktor terkait yaitu kebersihan atau sanitasi pasca panen susu, cara pengolahan susu, dan manajemen usaha kelompok petani. Hasil yang diperoleh, petani susu memahami cara penanganan susu setelah dipanen, kebersihan lingkungan, kebersihan tempat dan alat penyimpanan, alat produksi yang tepat untuk susu pasterurisasi. Selain itu petani susu mampu memproduksi yoghurt dan menghitung modal yang diperlukan serta proyeksi penjualannya. Hasil pengabian masyarakat ini penting untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup petani melalui perbaikan mutu dan diversifikasi produk olahan susu.

KOP Corp. is an offset printing company, especially in packaging printing (folding boxes). KOP Corp. faced many defects in production. This has an impact on increasing cost and customer dissatisfaction. This paper discusses Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to find root cause of problem. FMEA use to prioritized sources of problem. Moreover, FTA is used for finding out the root of the problem. Based on Risk Priority Number (RPN), three failure modes with the largest RPN, namely defect printed, color is not up to standard and defect in the picture. By using the FTA method, analyzed the root problems of these failure modes. After creating a Fault Tree Diagram and looking for a minimum Cut Set, it can be recommended several improvements such as the socialization of a good sampling plan, the design of a training program, Quality Control Circle development, and the selection of good suppliers.

This study was aimed at investigating the extent to which signage and ICT facilities correlate to the utilisation of information resources in federal university libraries in South-South zone of Nigeria. The correlational research design was adopted for the study. Three research questions were answered while three hypotheses were tested. The population of the study comprised 32,190 registered library users for the 2017/2018 academic session and 776 library staff from six federal university libraries in south-south zones of Nigeria. The sample size for the study was 3,219 registered library users and 310 library staff representing 10% and 40% of the population respectively. A two-stage sampling technique of stratified and simple sampling techniques was used to select the sample size. Two Sets of instruments titled; “Signage and Information and Communication Technology Facilities Questionnaire (SICTFQ)” for the students and “Utilization of Information Resources Questionnaire (UIRQ)”were used for data collection. Face and content validity was ensured by three experts. The two instruments yielded reliability coefficients of 0.81 and 0.87 respectively with the use of Cronbach Alpha. Mean was used in answering research questions while Regression was used in testing the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. It was found that to a great extent signage relates to the utilisation of information resources while information and communication technology facilities is the vice versa. Based on the findings, it was concluded that jointly, signage and ICT facilities are significant correlate to the utilisation of information resources in federal university libraries in South–South zone of Nigeria. It was therefore recommended among others that library management should improve on the provision of signage by ensuring that well-designed signage suitable for the 21st century is placed at strategic location to guide library users on the utilisation of information resources in federal universities libraries in South-South zone Nigeria.

Facial synkinesis is involuntary contractions of unrelated groups of facial muscles that occur during voluntary movement. The article presents a review of scientific literature of the problem pathological synkinesis as a complication of facial neuropathy. The mechanism of their development and the main theories of occurrence are described. We describе the types (patterns) of synkinesis, methods for theirs detecting, description of clinical manifestations, methods of instrumental diagnostics. We reviewed approaches to treatment and rehabilitation, the main types of conservative and surgical treatment.

Background After radical prostatectomy (RP), depending on stage, up to 40% of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) will experience biochemical failure (BF). Despite salvage therapy, approximately one-third of these patients will need permanent hormone therapy (pHT) and are at risk of progression to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Prognostic markers herald the need for neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or multimodal treatment. Objective To evaluate the added value of blood LRG1 in predicting treatment failure in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Design, setting, and participants We quantified LRG1 in serum or plasma sampled before radical prostatectomy from patients from the Martini-Klinik (Martini; n = 423), the Danish CuPCa cohort (CuPCa; n = 182), and Oslo University Hospital (OUH; n = 145). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis The endpoints were BF, pHT, and CRPC. The association between LRG1 and survival outcomes was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox proportional-hazards modeling. The added predictive value of LRG1 in nested models was estimated using the concordance index, time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analysis. Results and limitations In multivariable Cox models using preoperative characteristics, LRG1 was associated with an estimated lower risk of BF in the Martini cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–0.90) and in the CuPCa cohort (aHR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.73). Using preoperative prognostic variables, our data showed that doubling of LRG1 was also associated with a lower risk of pHT receipt in the CuPCa cohort (aHR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20–0.93) and of CRPC development in the OUH cohort (aHR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15–0.69). Similar aHR values were observed using either preoperative or postoperative variables for all endpoints. Conclusions PCa patients with high blood LRG1 are at lower risk of BF, pHT receipt, and progression to CRPC. Since LRG1 adds value to established prognostic models, new prognostic factor combinations including LRG1 should be considered in future studies. Patient summary We measured concentrations of the blood-based protein LRG1 before surgery for prostate cancer. Patients with high LRG1 levels had better disease-free survival, suggesting that LRG1 can help in predicting prognosis.

Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates at z ≳ 10 are rapidly being identified in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam observations. Due to the (redshifted) break produced by neutral hydrogen absorption of rest-frame UV photons, these sources are expected to drop out in the bluer filters while being well detected in redder filters. However, here we show that dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at lower redshifts (z ≲ 7) may also mimic the near-infrared (near-IR) colors of z > 10 LBGs, representing potential contaminants in LBG candidate samples. First, we analyze CEERS-DSFG-1, a NIRCam dropout undetected in the F115W and F150W filters but detected at longer wavelengths. Combining the JWST data with (sub)millimeter constraints, including deep NOEMA interferometric observations, we show that this source is a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z ≈ 5.1. We also present a tentative 2.6σ SCUBA-2 detection at 850 μm around a recently identified z ≈ 16 LBG candidate in the same field and show that, if the emission is real and associated with this candidate, the available photometry is consistent with a z ∼ 5 dusty galaxy with strong nebular emission lines despite its blue near-IR colors. Further observations on this candidate are imperative to mitigate the low confidence of this tentative submillimeter emission and its positional uncertainty. Our analysis shows that robust (sub)millimeter detections of NIRCam dropout galaxies likely imply z ∼ 4–6 redshift solutions, where the observed near-IR break would be the result of a strong rest-frame optical Balmer break combined with high dust attenuation and strong nebular line emission, rather than the rest-frame UV Lyman break. This provides evidence that DSFGs may contaminate searches for ultra-high redshift LBG candidates from JWST observations.

Laboratorium memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam membantu keberhasilan kegiatan perkuliahan perguruan tinggi. Namun demikian masih banyak laboratorium yang belum berfungsi optimal, hal ini dapat terjadi karena sistem pengelolaan laboratorium yang kompleks membutuhkan waktu, anggaran dan sumber daya manusia. Perkembangan teknologi informasi membuat segala aktivitas manusia menggunakan internet. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan metode prototype, yang meliputi tahap analisis kebutuhan, pembuatan desain, pengembangan produk, penerapan produk dan evaluasi produk. Analisis data mengunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui pemberian kuesioner kepada kepala lab, teknisi, dosen dan mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh berupa produk sistem informasi manajemen laboratorium secara online (silab) berupa website meliputi manajemen menu utama dan profil manajemen, panduan praktikum, inventaris alat/bahan, lab virtual, dan jadwal praktikum. Hasil penilaian rata-rata terhadap silab dari stakeholder adalah baik dalam kisaran 80-90.

The paper is focused on the anthropic and natural (mattergic and bioeconomic) recycling process of the pollutant products with the possibility to reintroduce in the technological flow a major quantity of the matter with a very low level of energy used with a top level of the informaction (actional information). Is introduced the contextual (2+2)Rs paradigm (reduce, recycle & reuse, recombine-recover) connected to the ENSEC, envinronmental-sociopolitic-economic paradigm of the knowledge based society/economy (KBS/E). The perspective of such a pattern is an optimistic one; so, preserving mattergic resources, even energetic, with a larger contribution of the smart components and technics of the recycling process, we could overcome the contextual thresholds of a future bioeconomy. This represents a new perspective of the recycling process and is considered an important oportunity for the global economy facing the current crisis. In order to have a comprehensive vision of the pollution and waste issue, we are puting together in this paper, in a synergistic-generative significant way (synergy 1+1>2, and significance 1-1≠0), three conceptual and analytical knowledge-spaces: transdisciplinarity as a methodology, globalization vs glocalization as a reality, and sustainable development as a necessity. The linear thermo economic recycling model is compared with the nonlinear, simply circular economic one, in the bio economic context, giving a comprehensive description of what does circular bio economic recycling pattern really means.

Shortspine thornyhead Sebastolobus alascanus are widely distributed along the eastern Pacific coast and are assessed as a demographically homogeneous stock off the coasts of California, Oregon and Washington. The validity of this assumption has been questioned because data suggest complex ontogenetic movements. Otolith microchemistry applied to immature fish was used to determine the age of settlement and the population structure of S. alascanus. Samples were collected from 2011-2013 from bottom trawl surveys in 5 areas along the coasts of (1) Washington, (2) northern Oregon, (3) southern Oregon and northern California, (4) central California and (5) southern California. The Ba:Ca ratio, measured from the primordium to the margin of otoliths, corresponds to the pelagic and benthic phases of immature fish. This ratio decreased steadily before the formation of the first annulus and increased thereafter. Water masses along the bathymetric gradient mostly correlated with the distribution of otolith trace element (Mg:Ca, Ba:Ca) and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) ratios on the continental shelf. These results indicate that the population of immature fish belongs to 2 distinct groups, distributed north and south of Cape Mendocino. Accordingly, the performance of a k-nearest-neighbor classifier was highest when structured based on these 2 regions, with 94 and 69% cross-validated classification accuracy, respectively into the northern and southern groups. These results confirm that S. alascanus settle after nearly 1 yr of pelagic life and show that otolith chemistry can be used to test critical hypotheses regarding the migration and population structure of this species.

Lean is a philosophy that is seen as a solution to resolve the problem of efficiency in various industries. It can be used to eliminate all forms of waste in the workplace. The implementation of lean is not only applied in manufacturing but is very important to be applied in other fields, such as in Higher Education Institution. Studies on the topic of lean in the workplace have been carried out, but most of the study has been conducted within a manufacturing context. This study aims to determine the type of waste that is most important to be eliminated first by using the Waste Assessment Model and find the root of the waste problem. This study developed the relationship between waste and find out the effect of waste on each other in Higher Education Institution that focused on teaching and learning process. The steps of this study consist of three-step, such as waste identification, waste assessment, and root cause analysis. From data collection show that there are 46 forms of waste in the teaching and learning process. The results of the Waste Relationship Matrix showed three types of waste must be removed first, namely overproduction, defects, and non-utilized talents. 5-Why’s is used to find out the root causes of waste which is the most important to be eliminated first in the teaching and learning process.

Phlorotannins are natural polyphenolic compounds produced by brown marine algae and are currently found in nutritional supplements. Although they are known to cross the blood–brain barrier, their neuropharmacological actions remain unclear. Here we review the potential therapeutic benefits of phlorotannins in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, ethanol intoxication and fear stress, the phlorotannin monomer phloroglucinol and the compounds eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A have been shown to improve cognitive function. In a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, phloroglucinol treatment led to improved motor performance. Additional neurological benefits associated with phlorotannin intake have been demonstrated in stroke, sleep disorders, and pain response. These effects may stem from the inhibition of disease-inducing plaque synthesis and aggregation, suppression of microglial activation, modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling, reduction of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Clinical trials of phlorotannins have not reported significant adverse effects, suggesting these compounds to be promising bioactive agents in the treatment of neurological diseases. We therefore propose a putative biophysical mechanism of phlorotannin action in addition to future directions for phlorotannin research.

An ethnomedicinal survey of plants used to treat female infertility and other ailments in Agbor, Ika South Local Government Area, Delta state of Nigeria was conducted for the purpose of identification and documentation. Information was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire through oral interviews with informants which included traditional herbal practitioners, traditional nurses and midwives, housewives, community elders, local farmers, and others. A total of 75 medicinal plant species belonging to 45 families were identified and their botanical names, method of preparation, administration and dosage were documented. Most of the preparations were made through decoctions or infusions. The leaves were the plant parts which were mostly used. Most of the species can be sourced locally by harvesting from farms, forests, or bushes, or by buying from local markets. To ensure the preservation and continuity of ethnomedicine, proper documentation and deliberate conservation practices should be adopted.

We present and analyze observations of polarized dust emission at 850 μm toward the central 1 × 1 pc hub-filament structure of Monoceros R2 (Mon R2). The data are obtained with SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations survey. The orientations of the magnetic field follow the spiral structure of Mon R2, which are well described by an axisymmetric magnetic field model. We estimate the turbulent component of the magnetic field using the angle difference between our observations and the best-fit model of the underlying large-scale mean magnetic field. This estimate is used to calculate the magnetic field strength using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, for which we also obtain the distribution of volume density and velocity dispersion using a column density map derived from Herschel data and the C18O (J = 3 − 2) data taken with HARP on the JCMT, respectively. We make maps of magnetic field strengths and mass-to-flux ratios, finding that magnetic field strengths vary from 0.02 to 3.64 mG with a mean value of 1.0 ± 0.06 mG, and the mean critical mass-to-flux ratio is 0.47 ± 0.02. Additionally, the mean Alfvén Mach number is 0.35 ± 0.01. This suggests that, in Mon R2, the magnetic fields provide resistance against large-scale gravitational collapse, and the magnetic pressure exceeds the turbulent pressure. We also investigate the properties of each filament in Mon R2. Most of the filaments are aligned along the magnetic field direction and are magnetically subcritical.

We report the discovery of a candidate galaxy with a photo-z of z ∼ 12 in the first epoch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Following conservative selection criteria, we identify a source with a robust z phot = 11.8 − 0.2 + 0.3 (1σ uncertainty) with m F200W = 27.3 and ≳7σ detections in five filters. The source is not detected at λ < 1.4 μm in deep imaging from both Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and JWST and has faint ∼3σ detections in JWST F150W and HST F160W, which signal a Lyα break near the red edge of both filters, implying z ∼ 12. This object (Maisie’s Galaxy) exhibits F115W − F200W > 1.9 mag (2σ lower limit) with a blue continuum slope, resulting in 99.6% of the photo-z probability distribution function favoring z > 11. All data-quality images show no artifacts at the candidate’s position, and independent analyses consistently find a strong preference for z > 11. Its colors are inconsistent with Galactic stars, and it is resolved (r h = 340 ± 14 pc). Maisie’s Galaxy has log M */M ⊙ ∼ 8.5 and is highly star-forming (log sSFR ∼ −8.2 yr−1), with a blue rest-UV color (β ∼ −2.5) indicating little dust, though not extremely low metallicity. While the presence of this source is in tension with most predictions, it agrees with empirical extrapolations assuming UV luminosity functions that smoothly decline with increasing redshift. Should follow-up spectroscopy validate this redshift, our universe was already aglow with galaxies less than 400 Myr after the Big Bang.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that centralising surgical treatment for some cancers can improve patient outcomes, but there is limited evidence of the impact on costs or health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVES: We report the results of a cost-utility analysis of the RESPECT-21 study using difference-in-differences, which investigated the reconfiguration of specialist surgery services for four cancers in an area of London, compared to the Rest of England (ROE). METHODS: Electronic health records data were obtained from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service for patients diagnosed with one of the four cancers of interest between 2012 and 2017. The analysis for each tumour type used a short-term decision tree followed by a 10-year Markov model with 6-monthly cycles. Costs were calculated by applying National Health Service (NHS) Reference Costs to patient-level hospital resource use and supplemented with published data. Cancer-specific preference-based health-related quality-of-life values were obtained from the literature to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Total costs and QALYs were calculated before and after the reconfiguration, in the London Cancer (LC) area and in ROE, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to illustrate the uncertainty in the results. RESULTS: At a threshold of £30,000/QALY gained, LC reconfiguration of prostate cancer surgery services had a 79% probability of having been cost-effective compared to non-reconfigured services using difference-in-differences. The oesophago-gastric, bladder and renal reconfigurations had probabilities of 62%, 49% and 12%, respectively, of being cost-effective at the same threshold. Costs and QALYs per surgical patient increased over time for all cancers across both regions to varying degrees. Bladder cancer surgery had the smallest patient numbers and changes in costs, and QALYs were not significant. The largest improvement in outcomes was in renal cancer surgery in ROE, making the relative renal improvements in LC appear modest, and the probability of the LC reconfiguration having been cost-effective low. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer reconfigurations had the highest probability of being cost-effective. It is not clear, however, whether the prostate results can be considered in isolation, given the reconfigurations occurred simultaneously with other system changes, and healthcare delivery in the NHS is highly networked and collaborative. Routine collection of quality-of-life measures such as the EQ-5D-5L would have improved the analysis.

Seperti halnya industri, Perguruan Tinggi (PT) saling bersaing untuk dapat memenuhi keinginan pelanggannya. Untuk itu setiap PT harus mengadopsi pendekatan customer oriented. Pelanggan PT terdiri dari beberapa pihak antara lain mahasiswa, pengguna lulusan, dosen, orang tua, dan pemerintah. Setiap pelanggan mempunyai keinginan yang mungkin berbeda. Untuk memenuhi keinginan pelanggan, diperlukan suatu rencana proses bisnis yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keinginan pengguna lulusan dan menentukan proses bisnis yang berhubungan serta menentukan urutan prioritas kepentingannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan pendekatan metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Identifikasi keinginan pelanggan dilakukan melalui studi literatur, sedangkan tingkat kepentingan diukur dengan menggunakan skala Likert dan Triangular Fuzzy Number (TFN). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa 3 keinginan pengguna yang paling penting adalah pengetahuan dan keahlian dosen, mahasiswa mempunyai kemampuan analisis dan mahasiswa mempunyai kemampuan menggunakan teknologi informasi. Sedangkan 3 proses bisnis yang harus diprioritaskan adalah proses pengajuan dana penelitian dan abdimas, alokasi anggaran penelitian dan abdimas dan studi lanjut dosen.

Diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with facial neuropathy (FN) is a significant medical problem. The aim of the work was to create, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of an internal algorithm for working with patients suffering from FN.Material and methods. The study included 53 patients: group 1 (n = 27) — treatment in the first 2 weeks from the moment of development of symptoms, group 2 (n = 11) — for more than 2 weeks to 3 months, group 3 (n = 15) — for more than 1 year. The algorithm of diagnosis and treatment were created in the N.V. Sklifosovskii Research Institute of Emergency Medical Care. It includes a multidisciplinary approach, teamwork and continuity.Results. In patients with FN diff erent genesis, at the beginning of treatment in the acute period, complete restoration of the function of the facial nerve and facial muscles occurred in 74% of cases in the period from 2 weeks to 9 months, the period depended on the severity of clinical manifestations (House–Brackmann scale) (r = 0.539, p = 0.014), the degree of nerve damage according to electroneuromyography (ENMG) (r = 0.595, p = 0.006), the severity of complications (contractures and synkinesias) (r = 0.524, p = 0.018). In patients with idiopathic FN, at the beginning of treatment in the acute period, complete recovery was observed in 81.3% of cases. At the beginning of treatment of patients with a disease period of more than a year, conservative tactics led to an improvement in 67% of cases.There was an incomplete correspondence between the clinical (House–Brackmann scale) and degree of nerve damage according to ENMG (r = 0.620, p = 0.004). ENMG should be performed when the House–Brackmann is VI degree. In cases of a decrease in the amplitude of the M-response by 90% or more compared to the healthy side, needle myography (IMG) is indicated. In the absence of motor unit potentials (PDE), it is necessary to consider the issue of surgical treatment, which is indicated in the acute period of FN to every 10 patients, and after a year in cases of lack of recovery — to every second.FN should be considered a progressive disease due to the development of complications, such as the consequences of lagophthalmos, contracture, synkinesia. Lagophthalmos occurs in 73.5% of patients with various consequences — from dry eye syndrome to corneal ulcers, so it is important to use local protective and regenerating drugs early to prevent the development of keratopathies, even with a mild degree of lagophthalmos. Hypertonus of facial muscles is formed already on the 7th day of the disease on the healthy side of the face in an average of 67% of patients, and in the absence of timely treatment — in more than 90% of patients. Synkinesia develops in the period from 4 months to a year in every fifth patient. Timely detection and correction of complications prevents their further development and leads to a complete restoration of the facial nerve function.The success of recovery in FN depends more on identifying the risks of complications and carrying out their prevention. Risk factors for the development of contractures and synkinesias are: prosoplegia, facial nerve damage by more than 90% according to ENMG and gross exercises. FN, despite the different causes of its development, clinically has similar sanogenetic mechanisms, which should be used in rehabilitation.

Introduction: The problem of practical application of recommended methods of processing ambient air pollutant concentra­ tions below the limit of detection in chemical analysis raises uncertainties in human health risk assessment. The Federal Clean Air Project has increased legal significance of the latter and the relevance of interdepartmental cooperation in air monitoring activities. Objective: To review methodological approaches to handling ambient air quality test results and to develop proposals for uncertainty reduction in human health risk assessment. Materials and methods: We analyzed ways of dealing with values of ambient air pollutant concentrations lying below the limit of quantification of various analytical chemistry methods proposed by the European Bureau for Integrated Pollution Preven­ tion and Control and Russian researchers. A human (population) health risk assessment was conducted based on air quality parameters obtained in 2020 within environmental and public health monitoring in the city of Omsk using average concentrations of airborne pollutants measured by different techniques in accordance with national guidelines R 2.1.10.1920–04. Results: Different approaches to processing air quality test results produced different average pollutant concentrations accounting for health risk values ranging from the acceptable level to that of concern. Our estimates showed that certain tech­ niques of quantitative chemical analysis of priority air contaminants are inappropriate for the purposes of human health risk assessment. Photometry, for instance, was found unacceptable for measuring ambient concentrations of formaldehyde to assess carcinogenic risks due to unreasonable overestimation of the latter. Conclusions: We have proposed criteria for selecting appropriate methods of air quality testing based on estimated values of the lower limit of quantification of chemicals and for optimizing procedures of processing test results for correct assessment of health risks and harmonization of interdepartmental approaches.

Linking data by finding matching instances in different datasets requires considering many characteristics, such as structural heterogeneity, implicit knowledge, and URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)-oriented identification. The authors propose a context-independent approach to align Linked data through an alignment process based on the ontological model’s components and considering data’s multidimensionality. The researchers experimented with the proposed approach against two methods for aligning linked data in two datasets and evaluated precision, recall, and f-measure metrics. The authors also conducted a case study in a real scenario considering a Brazilian publication dataset on computers and education. This study’s results indicate that the proposed approach overcomes the other methods (regarding the precision, recall, and f-measure metrics), requiring less work when changing the dataset domain. This work’s main contributions include enabling real datasets to be semi-automatically linked, presenting an approach capable of calculating resource similarity.

Penyulang Kerambitan merupakan salah satu penyulang yang berada di ULP Tabanan yang termasuk ruang lingkup kerja dari UP3 Bali Selatan. Penyulang Kerambitan melayani beban atau pelanggan di daerah Bajera, Kerambitan, Yeh Gangga, dimana penyulang Kerambitan ini berpangkalan atau mengambil sumber dari Gardu Induk Antosari. Penyulang Kerambitan dalam proses pendistribusiannya mengalami kendala dalam kualitas tegangan yang telah melewati standar PT PLN (Persero) yaitu SPLN 72 tahun 1987 (5%), dalam simulasi ETAP 12.6.0 dari tahun 2020 hingga 2025 mengalami penurunan tegangan yang cukup signifikan dari tahun 2020 besar tegangan di lokasi titik drop tegangan sebesar 18.256 V, lalu pada 2025 tegangan di lokasi titik drop sebesar 17.707, berlokasi di SANDA75 (TB0143/PT. Oasis Water Internasional). Dalam Tugas Akhir ini penulis ingin melakukan pengujian penggantian konduktor dari AAAC 150 mm2 ke MVTIC 150 mm2 menggunakan aplikasi ETAP 12.6.0. Hal ini disebabkan PT PLN khusunya UP3 Bali Selatan sering melaksanakan penggantian konduktor tersebut. Selanjutnya hasil dibandingkan sebelum dan setelah, yaitu dari segi drop tegangan serta susut daya. Selanjutnya membandingan hasil simulasi dengan standar tegangan PT PLN (Persero) yaitu SPLN 72 tahun 1987 (5%).

Maylander Menard,1 Yesha S Shah,2 Inna G Stroh,2 Sidra Zafar,2 Manjari Sriparna,2 Nancy Zhang,2 Ank A Agarwal,2 Nakul Shekhawat,2 Divya Srikumaran,2 Fasika Woreta2 1School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA; 2Division of Cornea and External Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USACorrespondence: Fasika Woreta, Division of Cornea and External Disease, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Wilmer B20, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA, Tel +410 955-5650, Email fworeta1@jhmi.eduPurpose: To evaluate baseline characteristics, microbiological spectrum, management, and outcomes of patients with culture-proven fungal keratitis.Methods: Retrospective review of all patients with culture-proven fungal keratitis seen over 6 years at a tertiary referral center.Results: The present study included 62 eyes from 62 patients. Infection with filamentous organisms was more common than with yeast (66.1% vs 27.4%). The most common filamentous organisms were Fusarium (17.7%) and Aspergillus (16.1%), while the most common yeast was Candida (24.2%). The main predisposing factor for filamentous keratitis was contact lens use. Yeast keratitis is most associated with an immunocompromised host and ocular surface disease. Corneal perforation (20.0%) and surgical interventions (46.8%) were common, with 27.4% of eyes requiring at least one penetrating keratoplasty. Filamentous keratitis is more likely than yeast keratitis to require urgent penetrating keratoplasty or enucleation and to receive more than one topical and systemic antifungal agent. Visual outcomes were poor with nearly half of the eyes remaining at 20/200 or worse upon resolution of infection. Worse visual outcomes were associated with poor vision at presentation and a history of ocular surface disease. Antifungal susceptibility testing was not routinely performed, but it demonstrated a relatively high minimum inhibitory concentration for at least one antifungal drug in 90% of cases when performed (16.1%) and guided the direction of treatment for 80% of the cases.Conclusion: Fungal keratitis is visually devastating. Infections with filamentous fungi predominated over yeast and were generally treated more aggressively both medically and surgically. Filamentous and yeast keratitis had similar durations of infections and visual outcomes. Antifungal susceptibility testing influenced treatment in 80% of cases in which it was performed.Keywords: fungal keratitis, mycotic keratitis, filamentous keratitis, corneal culture

Background: Disturbances in the diet and time of eating meals observed in the population in recent years and characterized by a deficiency of the main nutrients and unhealthy eating habits (e.g., addiction to fatty foods, excessive salt and sugar consumption) dictate the necessity of constant monitoring of school meals in order to develop effective measures for prevention of diet-related disorders in children and adolescents. Objective: Scientific analysis of the results of monitoring qualitative and quantitative indicators of school feeding and the prevalence of nutrition-related diseases in the child population. Materials and methods: We examined reports and statistical data of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, findings of the surveys of school principals, children and parents, and results of analyzing parental control data for the 2020/21 academic year. Results: Incidence rates of child and adolescent obesity, diabetes mellitus, and diseases of the circulatory system demonstrate a positive trend. We established the main reasons for high school students’ refusal of school meals, studied satisfaction of children and parents with school feeding, and assessed the results of parental control over school catering. High prevalence of nutrition-related diseases confirms the importance of monitoring school meals, developing innovative forms and revising their dominating stereotypes. Conclusion: Assessment of diet-related disease rates in schoolchildren updates the significance of their nutrition and health monitoring, the study of nutrition structure, eating behavior, and school catering. The conducted survey of schoolchildren and parents has revealed key problems in school feeding, which require prompt correction. Outcomes of parental control are an additional indicator of nutrition quality at school. The reserve for improving the effectiveness of parental control can become systematization of this work and its evaluation with account for the days of the week and their corresponding menu items, as well as breaks and their corresponding contingents of children eating school meals.

Introduction: School feeding is given particular importance all over the world as a factor ensuring food security and affecting socio-economic welfare and health of children. It is provided through an effective system of organization of school meals, which monitoring and evaluation is always relevant. Objective: A hygienic assessment of up-to-date organization of school nutrition in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: We analyzed monitoring data and results of control and supervisory activities carried out with respect to schools (n = 44,419) and public catering companies (n = 7,473) by the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in the 2020 to 2021 academic year using methods of descriptive statistics. Results: We established a rise of the hot meal coverage rate over the past decade up to 91.4 %, reaching 100.0 % among schoolchildren in grades 1-4 in a number of regions. The coverage with hot meals of the schoolchildren requiring special nutrition due to their health condition equaled 92.7 % in the Russian Federation as a whole. The evaluation of nutritional and biological values of school breakfasts and lunches showed that they generally covered the needs of a growing organism for vitamins A, B, and C, while a deficiency of vitamin D was noted. Conclusion: The recognized importance of school meals in health maintenance of the general population indicates the necessity of their continuous monitoring, the study of regularities and features of physiology of a child, and supervision of effectiveness of healthy school feeding.

Kanker mulut merupakan salah satu keganasan dengan morbiditas yang tinggi dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang buruk. Jumlahnya masih meningkat di semua negara termasuk Indonesia. Kanker mulut merupakan keganasan yang dapat dicegah dengan melihat gejala klinis yang dikenal sebagai pra-kanker. Deteksi dini adalah salah satu solusinya. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan secara daring dilakukan pada komunitas penyintas kanker Love and Healthy Tangerang untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kanker mulut. Informasi tentang pengenalan gejala klinis dini kanker mulut, faktor risiko, pemeriksa mulut sendiri (SAMURI), dan cara menjaga kesehatan rongga mulut diberikan kepada 50 peserta selama 3 jam. Semua peserta adalah perempuan dengan rentang usia 32-64 tahun. Pelatihan dievaluasi dengan melakukan pre-test dan post-test. Terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata pre-test 66,38 + 1,73 dan post-test 80,43 + 1,77, dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada tingkat pengetahuan pada responden sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan (p=0,000). Antusiasme peserta sangat baik, terlihat dari 70 pertanyaan yang diajukan selama pelatihan. Dengan diadakannya pelatihan deteksi dini kanker mulut dengan SAMURI, diharapkan informasi tersebut dapat bermanfaat sehingga angka kejadian kanker mulut dapat ditekan.

Imunisasi COVID-19 bertujuan untuk untuk membangun herd immunity dengan cepat guna mengurangi penyebaran serta jumlah kasus COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian saat ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi serokonversi setelah vaksinasi COVID-19. Studi cross-sectional prospektif dilakukan di Bali pada mahasiswa kedokteran yang menerima vaksin COVID-19 (CoronaVac), suatu inactivated vaccine. Mahasiswa telah dilakukan pemeriksaan serial dengan test cepat antibodi COVID-19 setiap 2 minggu sekali dalam rangka pembelajaran mahasiswa selama menjalani masa kepaniteraan. Serokonversi diperiksa dengan menggunakan tes antibodi cepat yang dimulai dua minggu setelah imunisasi dan dilanjutkan setiap dua minggu selama 12 minggu berikutnya. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis data hasil penelitian ini. Kriteria inklusi adalah mahasiswa dengan hasil uji test cepat antibodi COVID-19 negatif sebelum dilakukan vaksinasi COVID-19. Sebanyak 106 siswa yang serial seronegatif COVID-19 sebelum vaksinasi secara prospektif dipantau menggunakan tes antibodi cepat. Rata-rata usia sampel adalah 22,9 tahun (23). Mayoritas peserta adalah laki-laki, terhitung 33,01 persen dari total. Serokonversi mulai terdeteksi pada minggu ke 8 dari jadwal pemantauan, dengan tingkat setinggi 1,9 persen, 7,5 persen pada minggu 18, dan 41,5 persen pada minggu 12 dan 13. Nyeri di tempat suntikan (12,3%), kelemahan (23,3%), dan demam (7%) adalah efek samping yang paling umum ditemukan di antara para peserta. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah tes cepat antibodi COVID-19 dapat mendeteksi serokonversi paska vaksinasi COVID-19 dengan deteksi yang sedikit terlambat dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan antibodi metode lain

Background/Aim: Inhalation toxicity tests of glycolic acid, which is used in many household products, have been reported, but the pulmonary toxicity of glycolic acid has not been confirmed. Here, the lung damage caused by glycolic acid was investigated in rats. Materials and Methods: An intratracheal instillation test was performed with glycolic acid in male rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathological analysis were conducted to identify the pulmonary toxicities. Results: Intratracheal instillation of glycolic acid caused weight loss in animals and increased the content of lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines in BALF. In addition, pulmonary edema, alveolar/interstitial inflammation, and necrosis and desquamation of bronchial/bronchiolar epithelia were confirmed via histopathological examination. Conclusion: Exposure to glycolic acid can be harmful and toxic to the lungs.

Background: The incidence of endocrine diseases, eating and metabolic disorders has been increasing recently. The prevalence and structure of pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders are significantly different from those in adults and have specific regional features. Objective: To study the frequency, structure, and long-term changes in the rates of hospitalization of the child population for diseases of the endocrine system in the Orenburg Region and to assess local features of disease incidence and prevalence. Materials and methods: We analyzed data on all pediatric cases (aged 0–18) of hospital care for endocrine disorders provided by the regional office of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund for 2016–2020. We also applied the Ward’s hierarchical clustering method to establish local peculiarities and to group municipalities by the rates and dynamics of endocrine diseases in children. Results: The average rate of hospitalization for endocrine disorders was 3.8 cases per 1,000 children and accounted for almost 3.9 % of all types of hospital care. The proportion of inpatients among children aged 0 to 14 years was higher than that among adolescents. Metabolic disorders (34.0 %), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (22.3 %), hypofunction and other pituitary disorders (12.6 %), obesity and other types of overnutrition (7.1 %), and undernutrition (5.7 %) prevailed in all hospitalized children. The patterns of pediatric and adolescent inpatients differed significantly. The analysis of the prevalence of endocrine disorders in children and its long-term changes enabled clustering of the territories of the Orenburg Region.Conclusions: Three distinct clusters of territories were established in the analysis of local rates of endocrine diseases in children. The first cluster was characterized by moderate disease rates, while the second and the third clusters demonstrated high and low incidence and prevalence rates of pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders.

In this paper, a method of enhancing gain in a microstrip patch array antenna using two metallic plates for 24 GHz radar applications is presented. A 4 × 1 linear microstrip square patch array antenna covering the 24.0 to 24.25 GHz frequency range and using a shunt-connected series feed network with a tapered power distribution was first designed with a measured maximum gain of 9.8 dBi and dimensions of 30 mm × 12 mm. Two metallic plates were appended along the array axis of the antenna to double the gain in the 4 × 1 array antenna. Effects on performance from varying the tilting angle and length of the metallic plates, such as the input reflection coefficient, the radiation patterns, and gain, were investigated through simulation. Gain enhancement in the 4 × 1 patch array antenna with metallic plates was highest when the tilting angle was around 70∘, and gain kept increasing as the length of the metallic plates increased. A prototype of the 4 × 1 patch array antenna was fabricated with plates at a tilting angle of 70∘, a length of 50 mm, and a measured maximum gain of 16.8 dBi. Therefore, a gain enhancement of about 7 dB was achieved by adding the metallic plates along the array axis of the 4 × 1 patch array antenna.