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Bibliografia, biblioteconomia, documentação, organização do conhecimento, ciência da informação dentre outras disciplinas compartilham aspectos teóricos e práticos que tornam as fronteiras disciplinares imprecisas e dificultam a definição epistemológica de pesquisas. Para constatar essas imprecisões metodológicas, foi realizada uma análise semântica das definições de biblioteconomia, documentação e ciência da informação. A partir disso, foi discutida a noção de problema no contexto da ciência e refletido sobre o problema informacional. O problema informacional é considerado como elemento comum entre as diferentes disciplinas, que o abordam a partir de suas especificidades. Propõe-se a noção de Área de Informação como forma de se referir ao conjunto de conhecimentos relativos ao problema informacional sem, no entanto, conformar uma unidade. A Área de Informação revela-se agregadora e viabiliza um solo epistemológico para fundamentação de pesquisas sobre os tópicos comuns às diversas disciplinas.

Davilla pygmaea, a new species endemic to the Brazilian Savanna, is described, illustrated and its systematic position is discussed here. The new species is closely related to D. elliptica and D. grandiflora, from which it differs by characters such as a decumbent habit, the shape of its leaf blades, the inflorescence architecture, the size and numbers of flowers, the size of the internal and external sepals during flowering and fruiting, the androecium with 126-131 stamens, and the presence and type of trichomes on vegetative organs. Anatomical characters such as the number of vascular bundles in the petiole and midrib, shape of the midrib in cross section, the margins of the leaf blades, the presence and arrangement of the fibers associated with small-caliber vascular bundles, and the presence of a fiber sheath extension in studied species also differentiate them. Histochemical tests demonstrated that alkaloids, acidic lipids, and phenolic compounds present in the leaf tissues of the new species and D. grandiflora, its closest congener, may have potential medicinal properties. In addition, the new species has its distribution mapped, its flowering and fruiting seasons delimited, and would likely be considered Critically Endangered (CR), as we have found only two populations. A key to identify Davilla species known to Goiás State, Brazil, is provided.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo quantificar os teores de Black Carbon (BC), associados ao material particulado fino (MP1,0 e MP2,5) e sua variabilidade durante a combustão das misturas biodiesel/diesel (B10 e B11) utilizadas em Londrina-PR região central. As amostragens foram realizadas em 2019 dentro de um terminal de ônibus semifechado e em ambiente externo, simultaneamente. Conclui-se que o MP fino proveniente da combustão de biodiesel/diesel B10 e B11 coletado no interior da rodoviária, para MP1,0 e MP2,5 diminuiu em relação ao B3, B5, B6, B7 e B8, mas quando comparado ao B12, os valores de concentração aumentaram cerca de 33% (de B10 para B12) e 49% (de B11 para B12). Para MP2,5, a diferença ficou em torno de 21% (de B10 para B12) e 37% (de B11 para B12). Em geral, a concentração de MP fino diminui até B10 e B11 e aumenta novamente em B12, mas a relação MP1,0/MP2,5 aumentou, mostrando o aumento de MP1,0 na fração fina de MP. Quanto às análises de BC, pode-se concluir que BC foi determinado nas frações de material particulado fino tanto em TCUL quanto em MHL; em geral, na comparação entre as amostras, houve diminuição das relações BC/MP.

A new species of Copaifera from a diversity hotspot in the Brazilian Cerrado is described. Copaifera appendiculata M.J. Silva appears to be endemic of the northern portion of Goiás State, Brazil, and its conservation status is classified as Critically Endangered. It is a dwarf species and can be recognized by a set of characteristics that include: foliar rachis spiny and conspicuously prolonged (the first such report for the genus), leaflets similar in size, usually glabrescent on both surfaces, with planar margins, with discreet or conspicuous translucent points, sepals indumented on both surfaces, fruits glabrous, and seeds with an orange aril. It is compared with similar dwarf species of the genus present in the Cerrado, especially with Copaifera marginata, its closest congener. Also furnished are illustrations, images, information concerning its flowering and fruiting seasons, geographical distribution, as well as preliminary conservation assessments. Examinations of the leaf anatomies of the new species, as well as that of C. marginata, revealed the numbers of layers of palisade parenchyma, the presence of a hypodermis, the numbers of vascular bundles in the petiole, rachis and midrib, as well as their contours, and aspects of the leaf margins. All of those features constitute useful characters to separate the two species. Histochemical tests demonstrated that chemical compounds (e.g., alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and lipids) present in the leaf tissues of both species have potential medicinal properties.

Erythroxylum confertifolium M.J. Silva, sp. nov. (Figs 1 and 2) Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Cavalcante, Serra do Pouso Alto, acessada a partir da estrada do Cruzeiro, 500 metros a partir do rio em direç„o ao primeiro bloco de rochas, 13°56’32.8”S, 47°29’43.8”W, 1461 m a.s.l., fl, 27 January 2017, fl., M . J. Silva 8224 (holotype UFG!; isotypes CEN!, UB!). Diagnosis:— Erythroxylum confertifolium differs from E. campestre and E. partvistipulatum, its most similar congeners, by having shrubby habit with single stem branched from the upper third, the branches shortened up 8 cm long, and distichously distributed, stipules and cataphylls always 3-setulose and non-striated, fascicles with 3–5 flowers, bracteoles 1-setulose, calyx lobes with margin glandular-ciliate, as well as by sizes of floral parts, and fruits. Description — Shrubs 0.6–1.9 m tall; single stem, densely branched from the upper third; cinereous and with tiny lenticels when adults, and reddish-green when very young, glabrous; adult branches densely lenticellate lengthwise, conspicuously keeled; branches, 4–8 cm long, shortened, distributed in the distal portion of the stem, slightly flattened; cataphylls 1.6–1.9 mm long, triangular, cymbiform, shortly 3-setulose, congested at the base of the branches shortened, margin entire, non-striated; stipules 1–1.5 mm long, triangular, persistent or tardily caducous, appressed to branches, apex obtuse, non-striated, shortly 3-setulous, the 2 lateral setae ca. 0.6–0.9 mm long, the medial setae ca. 0.4 mm long, keels conspicuously subulate, margin entire, non-striated; leaves always persistent, discoloured, adaxial surface light green, abaxial surface opaque-green or brownish; petiole 1.8–2 mm long, brownish, rough longitudinally, glabrous; leaf blade 1.7–4.3(6.8) × (0.9)1.1–1.5(3.1) cm, coriaceous, elliptical, elliptical-obovate, sometimes ovate, base obtuse, margin entire, flat, apex obtuse, sometimes shortly mucronulate; venation brochidodromous, midrib and secondary impressed on the adaxial surface, the secondary ones slightly prominent on the abaxial surface, 7–9 per side. Fascicles with 3–5 flowers, in axils of leaves or cataphylls; bracteoles 2, ca. 0.9 mm long, 1-setulose, keel slightly subulate, scarious, cymbiform, triangular, margin entire, glabrous; flower buds 5.9–6 × 2–2.1 mm long, obovoid, glabrous; flowers including pedicel 10–11 mm long pedicel 3–5 mm, glabrous, 5-angled; calyx 1.9–2.1 × 1.9–2 mm, greenish, lobes 0.9–1 × 1 mm, ovate-triangular, margin glandular-ciliate, apex acute, glabrous on both surfaces; petals 3.9–4.2× 1.8–1.9 mm, elliptical, slightly concave, apex obtuse, margin entire, white spotted greenish in the central portion; appendages ligulate, ca. 1.4 mm long, 4-lobed, anterior auricles 2, 0.7–0.75 mm long, posterior auricles 2, 0.9–1 mm long, margin entire, both erect, discreetly undulate, central appendage developed 0.8 mm long, margin crenulate, thickened; staminal cup 1–1.5 mm, equal or slightly more than calyx and smaller than ovary, the margin 10–denticulate. Brevistylous flowers with stamens 3.5–4 mm long, cream-yellowish, anthers 0.8–0.85 mm long, oblong, light yellowish; styles 1.1–1.2 mm long, free, stigmas 0.1 mm long, depressed-capitate. Longistylous flowers with antesepalous stamens ca. 1 mm, antepetalous stamens 1.7–1.8 mm, anthers 0.75–0.8 mm long, oblong; styles 1.3–1.4mm long, free, stigmas 0.1–0.2 mm long, depressed-capitate; ovary 1.9–2 mm, ellipsoid. Drupe 5–6.7 × 2–3 mm, ovoid, cylindrical in cross section, red when mature. Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, cerca de 16 km de Alto Paraíso de Goiás sentido Vila S„o Jorge, cerca de 900 metros a partir da cerca que delimita o acesso ao PNCV, 14°04’27.2”S, 47°31’39.8”W, 1324 m a.s.l., 19 August 2016, fl., M. J . Silva 7695 (UFG); ibd., cerca de 1, 2 km da cerca que delimita o PNCV, 14°04’25”S, 47°31’40”W, 1304 m a.s.l., 19 August 2016, fl., fr., M. J . Silva 7718 (UFG); cerca de 2 km a Oeste de Alto Paraíso de Goiás, entre o Morro do Japonês e Serra do Pouso Alto, 25 February 2017, fl., M. J . Silva 8326 (UFG), 8327 (UFG), 8328 (UFG), 8329 (UFG), 8330 (UFG), 8331 (UFG), 8332 (UFG), 8333 (UFG), 8334 (UFG), 8335 (UFG), 8337 (UFG), 8338 (UFG), 8339 (UFG); ibd., cerca de 1, 3 km a partir da entrada para o Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, na altura da RPPN Cara Preta, 14°00’11.8”S, 47°31’27.2”W, 1471 m a.s.l., 25 March 2017, fl., M. J . Silva 8452 (UFG), 8453 (UFG), 8454 (UFG), 8455 (UFG), 8456 (UFG); ibd., ca. 6 km a N de Alto Paraíso de Goiás, e aproximadamente 2, 5 km a esquerda da GO 118, campo sujo, 14°05’25”S, 47°32’27”W, 1322 m a.s.l., 30 June 2017, fl., M. J . Silva 8674 (UFG), 8677 (UFG), 8678 (UFG), 8679 (UFG), 8688 (UFG); ibd., 30 June 2017, fl., fr., M. J . Silva 8701 (UFG), 8707 (UFG), 8708 (3), 8715 (UFG), 8716 (UFG); ibd., Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, regi„o do Morro do Japonês, depois do morro, campo rupestre, 14°02’50”S, 47°31’38”W, 1537 m a.s.l., 21 July 2017, fl., fr., M. J. Silva 8817, 8826 (UFG); ibd., na altura da placa que indica da Serra do Pouso Alto, 14°02’35”S, 47°31’36”W, 1514 m a.s.l., 21 July 2017, fl., M. J. Silva 8807 (UFG), 8808 (UFG); ibd., borda de mata de galeria entre o campo rupestre e o morro do Japonês, 14°02’55”S, 47°31’34”W, 1526 m a.s.l., 21 July 2017, fl., M. J. Silva 8830 (UFG), 8832 (UFG), 8833 (UFG), ibd., sopé do Morro do Japonês, campo rupestre, 14°02’00”S, 47°31’22”W, 1490 m a.s.l., 21 July 2017, fl., M. J. Silva 8837 (UFG); cerca de 1 km a partir do morro do Japonês, cerrado rupestre após mata de galeria, 14°01’59”S, 47°32’07”W, 1464 m a.s.l., 22 September 2017, fl., fr., M. J. Silva 8983 (UFG), 8984 (UFG), 8985 (UFG), 8986 (UFG); ibd., regi„o do Pouso Alto, 1, 6 km a partir do morro do Japonês, 1 km a partir da estrada para dentro do Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, 14°02’18”S, 47°32’21”W, 1426 m a.s.l., 22 September 2017, fl., M. J . Silva, R.C. Sodré, I.S. Santos, R.G. Matos, K.M. Macedo, K.A.F. Xavier, & B.L. Pereira 9011 (UFG), 9012 (UFG), 9013 (UFG); Cerca de 5 km de Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 2 km a oeste para dentro do Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, 14°05’31.3”S, 47°32’20.9”W, 1341 m a.s.l., 27 January 2017, fl., M. J . Silva, R.C. Sodré, K.E. Ferreira & T.P. Mendes 8157 (UFG), 8160 (UFG), 8163 (UFG), 8164 (UFG); ibd., Serra do Pouso Alto, 200 metros a partir do rio, campo sujo, 14°05’08.5”S, 47°32’49.9”W, 1313 m a.s.l., 27 January 2017, fl., fr., M. J . Silva 8179 (UFG), 8180 (UFG), 8181 (UFG), cerca de 5 km de Alto Paraíso de Goiás a oeste, 200 metros antes do rio, 27 January 2017, fl., fr., M. J . Silva 8204 (UFG), 8205 (UFG). Cavalcante, Serra do Pouso Alto, ca. 600 metros da casinha abandonada a esquerda dela, 13°56’13.9”S, 47°29’46.1”W, 1423 m a.s.l., 23 September 2016, fl., M. J . Silva 7830 (UFG); ibd., regi„o do Pouso Alto, acessada a partir da estrada do Cruzeiro, 500 metros a partir do rio em direç„o ao primeiro bloco de rochas, 13°56’32.8”S, 47°29’43.8”W, 1461 m a.s.l., fl, 27 January 2017, fl., M. J . Silva 8225 (UFG); ibd., descida após o primeiro morro, 13°56’18”S, 47°29’49”W, 1454 m a.s.l., 21 April 2017, fl., M. J . Silva 8493 (UFG), 8494 (UFG), 8495 (UFG), 8496 (UFG); ibd., cerca de 1 km a partir da descida do primeiro morro, 21 April 2017, fl., fr., M. J . Silva 8514 (UFG), 8515 (UFG), 8516 (UFG); ibd., 32 km de Alto Paraíso de Goiás, sentido Teresina de Goiás, ca. 1.2 km a partir da cerca delimitativa do PNCV, lado esquerdo, 13°55’21”S, 47°26’20”W, 1516 m a.s.l., 23 September 2017, fl., M. J . Silva 9030 (UFG), ibd., cerca 1.5 km a partir da estrada delimitativa do PNCV, 13°55’21”S, 47°26’20”W, 1507 m a.s.l., 23 September 2017, fl., fr., M. J . Silva 9040 (UFG), 9041 (UFG); ibd., cerca de 1, 6 km da estrada em topo de morro, cerrado rupestre, 13°55’21”S, 47°26’18”W, 1483 m a.s.l., 23 September 2017, fl., fr., M.J . Silva 9046 (UFG), 9047 (UFG); ibd., 13°55’29”S, 47°26’08”W, 1447 m a.s.l., 23 September 2017, fl., M. J . Silva 9053 (2), 9054 (UFG); 6 km do Pouso Alto sentido Cruzeiro, Alto Paraíso de Goiás para Teresina de Goiás, 100 metros a entrada do PNCV, 13°56’41”S, 47°27’17”W, 1495 m a.s.l., 05 December 2017, fl., M. J . Silva 9084 (UFG). Distribution and ecology:—Species known so far to Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goiás state (municipalities of Alto Paraíso de Goiás and Cavalcante), (Figure 3), where it grows in “campo limpo”, ‘campo sujo”, “cerrado típico”, “cerrado rupestre”, and “campo rupestre” on clay, clay-sandy soils or between rock crevices, in flat areas, hillside or hill tops, between 1313 and 1537 meters of altitude. Phenology:—Collected with flowers from December to September and with fruits from April to January. Etymology:—The specific epithet “ confertifolium ” is derived from the Latin “confertus”+ “folium”, that means “dense foliage” alluding to the fact that the new species has dense leaves on the branches. Preliminary conservation assessments:— Erythroxylum confertifolium forms populations with fewer than 25 mature individuals and has an Extent of Occurrence estimated at 70.938 km 2, which led us to classify it as Critically Endangered (CR), Criteria B1ab(iv, v). However, it grows in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, an area protected by law, in highly rugged relief area unsuitable for cultivation or housing construction, which in a way ensures its conservation. Notes:— Erythorxylum confertifolium can be recognized by its slender shrubby habit up to 1.9 m tall, main stem densely branched distally, flattened with 1st-order branches shortened laterally, distichous and similar in size; glabrous, cinereal and with tiny lenticels when adults, triangular stipules smaller than the petiole, 3-setulose non-striated; coriaceous leaves, ascending and aggregated at the ends of the branches with a flat margin, venation brochidodromous with 7–9 secondary veins conspicuously visible per side, as well as fascicles 3–5 flowers, and ovoid red drupes. By having non-striated stipules and cataphylls, flowers with free styles, calyx with valvate aestivation, and lobes triangular, the species could be positioned in Erythroxylum sect. Archerythroxylum O.E. Schulz (1907: 69), an exclusively Neotropical taxon composed of 70 species recently recovered by White et al. (2019) as paraphyletic. For this reason, we chose not to suggest including it in any of the sections of the genus proposed by Schulz (1907). In Goiás state, Erythroxylum is represented by 16 species (Flora e Funga do Brasil 2023). Among these, E. parvistipulatum (Figure 4) is the most similar morphologically to E. confertifolium, as both share the stems apparently thickened, brownish or darkish, the leaves with symmetrical base, flat margin, and apexes sometimes shortly mucronulate, with 7–9 veins per side, the stipules, and cataphylls non-striated as well as the flowers with pedicel clearly distinct from the calyx, and fascicles up to 5 flowers. However, E. parvistipulatum is a subshrub up to 50 cm alt, has a stem with numerous basal tillers in a caespitose appearance, these do not ramified distally (vs. shrub up to 1.9 m tall, the single main stem with secondary branches distichously distributed and similar in size), leaves membranaceous or coriaceous and obovate (vs. coriaceous, elliptical, elliptical-obovate, sometimes ovate in E. confertifolium), stipules 2-setulose 4.5–5 mm long (vs. 3-setulose, 1–1.5 mm long); cataphylls 2-setulose (vs. 3-setulose), fascicles with 1–3 flowers (vs. 3–5 flowers), pedicel subcylindrical (vs. 5-angled), calyx 1.2–1.4 mm long (vs. 1.9–2.1 mm long), stamens of brevistylous flowers with 2–2.5 mm long (vs. 3.5–4 mm long), petals 3.9–4.8 × 1.3–2.7 mm, oblong (vs. 3.9–4.2 × 1.8–1.9 mm, elliptical), as well as styles of longistylous flowers united (vs. free). This new species also resembles superficially E. betulaceum Martius (1840: 339), a taxon belonging to E. sect. Archerythroxylum, and has been confused in herborized collections with E. campestre (Figure 5) from E. sect. Rhabdophyllum by the habit, leaf aspect and consistency, calyx with lobes ¾ free as well as oblong petals. However, the characteristics listed in table 1 safely serves to differentiate such species. Although Erythroxylum, according to Flora e Funga do Brasil (2023), is represented by 16 species in Goiás state, with the discovery of this new species and E. niquelandense M.J. Silva (Silva & Loiola 2021: 270) published by Silva & Loiola (2021) the genus is now represented in the Brazil and in the state of Goiás by 135 (90 endemic) and 18 species, respectively. Thus, considering that the genus comprises 270 species in the tropics of the world, 200 of which occur in the neotropical region (Plowman & Hensold 2004, White et al. 2019, Jara-Muñoz et al. 2022), Brazil can be considered one of the most important centers of diversity and endemism of the genus, as it is home to 50% and 67,5% of its species present in the world and Americas, respectively. Erythroxylum species present in the Cerrado are difficult to be identified and commonly found in herbaria without identification or mistakenly identified, pointing to the need for the genus to be studied locally. In fact, species of this genus have been recently described as new to the Cerrado (see Loiola & Sales 2012, Loiola & Cordeiro 2014, 2019, Costa-Lima & Chagas 2020, Silva & Loiola 2021). Anatomical data: The petiole in the studied species has concave-convex contour with conspicuous lateral extensions on the upper surface in E. campestre (Fig. 6a) and flat-convex with discrete lateral extensions in E. confertifolium (Fig. 6e), and E. parvistipulatum (Fig. 6i). These extensions are constituted by one or two layers of angular collenchyma and parenchyma and have two collateral accessory vascular bundles only in E. campestre (Fig. 6b) and phenolic compounds and rhomboid crystals in E. confertifolium (Fig. 6f) and E. parvistipulatum (Fig. 6j). The epidermis is unistratified with small common cells, usually rectangular, rounded, or irregularly ovate covered by a thick cuticle (Fig. 6c, g, k). The cortex is formed by hipodermis unistratified with quandrangular or rectangular larger cells with walls slightly thickened (Fig. 6c, g, k), as well as by one or two layers of angular collenchyma, and six to eight layers of parenchyma (Fig. 6a, e, i). Phenolic compounds are often in collenchyma, and in epidermis and hypodermis cells (Fig. 6c, d, g, h, k, l), while rhomboid crystals were found scattered in the parenchyma (e.g. Fig. 6c, k). The vascular system comprises collateral vascular bundles, with a main vascular bundle, three accessories in a central position, and two in each lateral extension in E. campestre (Fig. 6a, b); one main and two accessories in a central position in E. parvistipulatum (Fig. 6i), and by just one central vascular bundle in E. confertifolium (Fig. 6e). The main vascular bundle was shown an open arc in E. campestre (Fig. 6a, 7a) and E. confertifolium (Fig. 6e, 7e), and a closed arc in E. parvistipulatum (Fig. 6i, 7i). This is surrounded by parenchyma cells in E. campestre (Fig. 7a, b), cluster of discontinuous fibers in E. confertifolium (Fig 7e, f), and by sheath fibers with 3–5 cell layers in E. parvistipulatum (Fig. 7i, j). Rhomboid and polyhedral crystals were found dispersed in the phloem and cortical parenchyma of the species studied (Fig. 7b, c, g, k), being more common in E. campestre. Sclereids, in general, adjacent to the fibers that surround the main vascular bundles occur in the cortex of these species, being commonly found in E. parvistipulatum (Fig. 7 j). The pith of all species comprises rounded parenchyma cells of varying sizes (Fig. 7d, h, l), some of them with phenolic compounds in E. confertifolium (Fig. 7h). The leaf blade has unistratified epidermis with quadrangular common cells on the adaxial surface, and rectangular, rounded and quadrangular cells on the abaxial surface in E. campestre (Fig. 8a, b), uni and discontinuously bistratified epidermis, with quadrangular common cells on the adaxial surface, and rectangular cells on the abaxial surface of E. confertifolium (Fig. 8f, g), and uni or bistratified on the adaxial surface, and papillose on the abaxial surface of E. parvistipulatum (Fig. 8k, l), with the common cells covered by a thick cuticle (e.g. Fig. 8a). The leaves are hypostomatic with diminute stomata and large substomatic chambers distributed at the level of the other common cells of the epidermis on the abaxial surface (Fig. 8b, g, l). The mesophyll is dorsiventral with two layers of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma with irregularly spaced cells (Fig. 8a, f and k) and has distinct organization patterns, considering the palisade/spongy parenchyma ratio, which occupy, respectively, 30/70% in E. campestre (Fig. 8a), 70/30% in E. confertifolium (Fig. 8f), and 50/50% in E. parvistipulatum (Fig. 8k). Branched sclereids occur in the mesophyll of the three studied species (Fig. 8c, h, m). The ma, Published as part of Silva, Marcos José Da & Santos, Igor Soares Dos, 2023, Erythroxylum confertifolium, a new species from Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goiás, Brazil, unveiled by morphology and leaf anatomy, pp. 55-72 in Phytotaxa 600 (2) on pages 56-70, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8062847, {"references":["Schulz, O. E. (1907) Erythroxylaceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich: regni vegetabilis conspectus. Verlag von H. R. Engelmann, Weinheim, pp. 1 - 176.","White, D. 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Brittonia 56: 1 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1663 / 0007 - 196 X (2004) 056 [0001: NTADON] 2.0. CO; 2","Jara-Munoz, O. A., White, D. M. & Rivera-Dyaz, O. (2022) Morphological and Molecular Evidence Support Elevating Erythroxylum macrophyllum var. savannarum (Erythroxylaceae) to Specific Status. Systematic Botany 47: 467 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364422 X 16512572274990","Loiola, M. I. B. & Sales, M. F. (2012) Erythroxylum ayrtonianum (Erythroxylaceae): a new species from Brazil. Novon 22: 48 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2010064","Loiola, M. I. B. & Cordeiro, L. S. (2014) Erythroxylum sobraleanum (Erythroxylaceae): a new species from Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 183: 56 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 183.1.7","Loiola, M. I. B. & Cordeiro, L. S. (2019) Erythroxylum niziae (Erythroxylaceae): A New Species from the West-Central Cerrado of Brazil. Systematic Botany 44: 659 - 663. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 15620113920699","Costa-Lima, J. L. & Chagas, E. C. O. (2020) Two new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Espinhaco Range, Eastern Brazil. Systematic Botany 45: 96 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364420 X 15801369352351","Ballard, C. W. (1926) Structural variations in Erythroxylon leaves. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 15: 343 - 359, 433 - 453, 530 - 549.","Bohm, B. A., Ganders, F. R. & Plowman, T. (1982) Biosystematics and evolution of cultivated coca (Erythroxylaceae). Systematic Botany 7: 121 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2418321","Rury, P. M. (1981) Systematic anatomy of Erythroxylum P. Browne: practical and evolutionary implications for the cultivated cocas. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3: 229 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0378 - 8741 (81) 90056 - 8","Rury, P. M. & Plowman, T. (1983) Morphological studies of archeological and recent coca leaves (Erythroxylum spp.). Botanical Museum Leaflets 29: 297 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 168665","Bieras, A. C. & Sajo, M. G. (2004) Anatomia foliar de Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) do Cerrado do Estado de S \" o Paulo, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 18: 601 - 612. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0102 - 33062004000300018","Lamarck, J. - B. P. A. M. (1786) Erythroxylon. In: Lamarck, J. - B. P. A. M. & Poiret, J. L. M. (eds.) Encyclopedie Methodique, vol. II. H. Agasse, Paris, pp. 392 - 394.","Metcalfe, C. R. & Chalk, L. (1950) Anatomy of the Dicotyledons: Leaves, Stem, and Wood in Relation to Taxonomy with Notes on Economic Uses. vol. 2. Claredon Press, Oxford.","Boeger, M. R. T. & Wisniewski, C. (2003) Comparison of leaf morphology of tree species from three distinct successional stages of tropical rain forest (Atlantic Forest) in Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Botanica 26: 61 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 84042003000100007","Bieras, A. C. & Sajo, M. G. (2009) Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savana) woody plants. Trees 23: 451 - 471. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00468 - 008 - 0295 - 7","Javelle, M., Vernoud, V., Rogowsky, P. M. & Ingram, G. C. (2011) Epidermis: the formation and functions of a fundamental plant tissue. New Phytologist 189: 17 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 8137.2010.03514. x"]}

Silva, Marcos José Da, Santos, Igor Soares Dos (2023): Erythroxylum confertifolium, a new species from Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goiás, Brazil, unveiled by morphology and leaf anatomy. Phytotaxa 600 (2): 55-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.600.2.1

A new species from the state of Goiás, Brazil, Phyllanthus pterocaulis, is described and illustrated, with comments on its geographic distribution and environmental preferences, phenology, morphological relationships, and systematic position. It is morphologically allied with Phyllanthus avicularis, P. heliotropus, and P. hyssopifolioides, but differs from all of them by a set of characters related to cymules sex, presence and types of trichomes on leaves and stems, leaf consistency, numbers of sepals in flower of both sexes, integrity of stamens, capsules and seeds. Additionally, we provide images of the new species in the field, conservation status, mapped distribution, the anatomical description of its stem and leaves, and a key to differentiate it from the other similar species belonging to Phyllanthus sect. Loxopodium occurring in Brazil. The new species is one of the few in the genus that occurs in shaded environments in seasonal dry forests within the Cerrado biome.

O trabalho discorre sobre a importância da gestão democrática na escola, para a prática de estágio supervisionado. O estágio foi realizado na Escola Municipal Maria Lúcia, situada no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, por uma estagiária de curso de pedagogia, em uma turma de 5º ano, com 26 alunos. Durante o estágio a estagiária observou e auxiliou a professora durante as atividades propostas para a turma, além de aplicar um projeto cartográfico. O bom desempenho da estagiária se deu em parte devido a articulação da docente, com a gestora e os demais funcionários da escola, caracterizando uma gestão democrática, onde todos participam da tomada de decisões. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica de autores da Educação, da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e de dados do IBGE e fotos de aplicação do projeto cartográfico.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o mapeamento do uso e ocupação das terras do município de Italva/RJ entre os anos de 1997, 2007 e 2017 com o intuito de compreender a organização espacial no que se refere a urbanização, áreas de culturas e vegetação, entre outros atributos de classificação da área estudada. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, utilizou-se o programa livre do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Spring versão 5.5.5), fazendo uma segmentação por região utilizando o classificador Bhattacharya. Após as produções cartográficas, foi aplicado o índice Kappa a fim de determinar a qualidade dos produtos obtidos (que alcançaram um índice “excelente”) para, em seguida, fazer a análise espacial através dos mapas, tabela e gráfico produzidos dos dados retirados do software em planilhas.

Introdução: A infraordem Platyrrhini é composta por espécies que apresentam estrutura social complexa, mas são escassas na literatura informações a cerca de sua interação com a morte, como já registrado para primatas do velho mundo. Trata-se este trabalho de um relato de comportamento de evitação de morte registrado em um grupo de Callithrix penicillata (E. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates, Callitrichidae). Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo feito por meio de observação oportunística de uma interação entre uma mãe e seu filhote, acidentalmente ferido e em leito de morte. A descrição detalhada do fenômeno ocorreu via amostragem de todas as ocorrências, e contou com depoimento de moradores locais. Para melhor exposição dos dados, foi realizado a construção de um etograma, contendo todos os comportamentos observados, em sequência, desde o início ao final da amostragem. Resultados: Ao todo, 10 indivíduos participaram das observações, e 16 atos comportamentais foram observados ao longo de 6 dias de observação da interação mãe-filhote ferido-demais indivíduos. Os comportamentos indicaram alto grau de estresse por parte de todos os envolvidos, assim como tentativa da mãe de retirar seu filhote da área em que se encontrava. A mãe também tentou recolocá-lo em suas costas. Houve ainda chamada de outros indivíduos do grupo, possivelmente para auxiliar nos cuidados ao filhote. Conclusão: Este trabalho é inédito para a espécie em questão e reafirma seu caráter social. As observações abrem espaços para novas investigações a cerca de comportamentos similares em primatas humanos e não humanos, assim como da relação filogenética entre eles.

O avanço da pandemia provocada pela COVID-19, além de causar danos à saúde humana, também apresentou efeitos indiretos na qualidade do ar, apresentando melhorias significativas. A relação entre a transmissibilidade do vírus SARS-Cov-2 e a poluição do ar suscita a preocupação em estudar o impacto das medidas de proteção contra o avanço da doença na qualidade do ar. As coletas de material particulado (MP) foram realizadas em abril de 2020, período em que foram observadas medidas de restrição à circulação de veículos e sua relaxação, utilizando amostradores tipo ciclone de baixo volume para as frações MP1,0 e MP2,5. A quantificação do Black Carbon foi realizada por meio do reflectômetro (EEL 43M). As medidas adotadas para combater a COVID-19, por reduzirem fontes de emissão, contribuíram diretamente para a melhoria da qualidade do ar, resultando em uma diminuição na concentração de todos os analitos estudados neste trabalho. Houve uma variação na concentração de MP1,0 e MP2,5 de 31,5% e 27,4% respectivamente em MHL e 40,1% e 34,2% em TOU. As medidas adotadas para conter o avanço da COVID-19 contribuíram diretamente para a melhora na qualidade do ar.

Graffiti is a cultural manifestation that was established in the 20th century as a way of expressing marginalized groups in urban areas. The heritage process refers to the institutional way of legitimizing the memories of groups delimited by time and space. In this text, we seek to recognize the potential of graffiti as a heritage asset. For this purpose, a bibliographic review is used in order to define the notions of graffiti, heritage and memory. It is noteworthy that the technical procedures for patrimonialization do not neutralize the selection policies for its claimants’ assets, which are defined based on a power dispute. In short, graffiti corresponds to the expression of marginalized values of the city and its preservation, as a heritage discourse, is possible from the creation of norms that consider cultural manifestations as immaterial heritage relevant to local and national memory. O graffiti trata-se de uma manifestação cultural que se estabelece no século XX como forma de expressão de grupos marginalizados nos meios urbanos. O processo de patrimonialização, refere-se ao meio institucional de legitimação das memórias de grupos delimitados pelo tempo e espaço. Neste texto, procura-se reconhecer as potencialidades do graffiti enquanto bem patrimonial. Para tanto, utiliza-se de revisão bibliográfica, com o intuito de definir as noções de graffiti, patrimônio e memória. Ressalta-se que os procedimentos técnicos da patrimonialização não neutralizam as políticas de seleção de seus bens requerentes, esses definidos a partir de uma disputa de poder. Em suma, o graffiti corresponde à expressão de valores marginalizados da cidade e sua preservação, enquanto discurso patrimonial, é possível a partir da criação de normativas que consideram manifestações culturais como patrimônio imaterial relevante à memória local e nacional.

Collaea insignis M. J. Silva. sp. nov. (Figures 1 and 2a, b) TYPE:— Brazil. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 10 km ao norte de Alto Paraíso de Goiás pela GO 118, mata de galeria adjacente ao Morro do Japonês, 03 July 2015, 14°02’54”S, 47°31’45”W, 1225 m elev., M. J. Silva, R.N. Ribeiro, M.C.N. Ribeiro, G.L. Soares-Feitosa, D.O. Diniz-Neres & A.O. Souza 6888 (holotype UFG!; isotypes CEN!, UB!). Diagnosis:—S hrubs with stems brownish, cream or yellowish, leaves sessile, with leaflets glabrous on adaxial surface and velutinous on abaxial surface, inflorescence umbelliform with 3 flowers or paniculate when in the end of the branches, bracts widely obovate or suborbicular, bracteoles elliptic or ovate, both shortly cream-sericeous externally, flowers 3.7–3.9 cm long, the pedicel 1–1.5 cm and petals always lilac or bluish, calyx with vexillary lacinia widely ovate and entire at apex, and the carenal lacinia different in size (the central ones larger than the lateral with acuminate and convolute apex), and fruits velutinous yellowish. Description:—Shrubs 1.3–3 m tall; stems erect with one or up to four tillers from the base an in this case apparently cespitose, the tillers ramified distally or not; adult branches cylindrical, brownish, glabrescent, or short and sparsely velutinous, the trichomes yellowish or whitish, slightly fissured; when young flexible, angulose, densely velutinous, the trichomes yellowish or canescent, slightly striated longitudinally; both ascending, erect woody. Leaves (6.5–) 8–9 cm long, digitate 3-foliolate, sessile with a distinct pulvinus 1–1.8 mm long, pulvinules 1.9–2.3 mm long, smooth or striated longitudinally transversally; leaf blade 5.2–7.8 (9.3) × 1.2–1.3 cm, the central ones usually larger than lateral ones, all oblong-elliptic, narrowly elliptic, sometimes lanceolate, base cuneate or obtuse, apex obtuse and shortly mucronulate, margin slightly revolute, coriaceous; discolorous, adaxial surface light green, sulcate and shortly velutinous along the midrib, abaxial surface cream or yellowish, densely velutinous; venation brochidodromous, midrib and secondary veins impressed on adaxial surface, the first one prominent on abaxial surface, secondary veins 16–18 pairs, curved towards. Inflorescences umbelliform, pedunculate, 3-florous or paniculate when in the end of the branches, axillary or terminal, solitary or up three when axillary, peduncle (0.3–) 1–3 cm long; bracts (base of the pedicel 0.8–1 × 0.8–1 mm, widely obovate, apex obtuse or rounded, bracteoles (opposite in apex of the pedicel) 0.8–0.9 × 3.4–3.8 mm, elliptic or ovate, apex acute, both yellowish-sericeous externally, pigmented internally, persistent, ciliate at margin. Flowers 3.7–3.9 cm long, in which the pedicel 1–1.5 cm long, cylindrical, robust, densely velutinous, yellowish or ferruginous; calyx 1.4–1.5 × 1.7–1.8 cm, brownish, broadly campanulate, base rounded, shortly yellowish or silver-velutinous, slightly; carenal lacinia 3, ovate or widely ovate, the central ones ca. 1.5× larger than the others, apex shortly acuminate, convolute, vexillary lacinia widely ovate, entire, apex obtuse; petals always lilac, blue or bluish; standard petal 2.4–3.2 × 1.9–1.98 cm, widely obovate, apex convolute, base broadly obtuse conspicuously auriculate, bicallose above the claw, margin ciliate, sericeous, hyaline externally, specially near the veins and apex; claw 3.9–5 mm long, wings petals 23.8–24.1 × 8–8.2 mm, oblong-falcate to falcate, umbonate above the claw, apex obtuse to rounded, base slightly auriculate on the vexillary margin, claw 3.9–4 mm long, indumentum, keel petals 2.3–2.4 × 2.5–2.8 cm falcate-obovate or elliptic-falcate, joined dorsally, indumented, umbonate above the claw, apex rounded obtuse, base truncate on the vexillary margin, claw 3.9–4 mm long; androecium straight, with the carenal stamen joined to the other on upper third; staminal tube 19–20 × 1–1.1 mm, glabrous externally, slightly bicallose, membranous, filaments glabrous; anther 0.4–0.7 mm long, ellipsoid, glabrous; gynoecium straight or slightly curved, ovary 16–17 mm long, linear, densely velutinous, styles 8.5–9 mm long, curved, sparsely sericeous at base; stigma subtruncate, papilose; stipe ca. 1 mm long, ovules 5 or 6, reniform. Legumes 4.4–5.5 × 0.8–0.9 cm, oblong, elastically dehiscent, base cuneate, apex obtuse and conspicuously mucronate, 5 or 6-seeded, velutinous-ochre, calyx and, androecium persistent, woody. Seeds 5.9–6 × 4.7–4.8 mm oblong-reniform, with hilum median, whitish strophiole, thickened at the point of attachment with the funicle, light to dark brown, smooth, marbled. Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, ca. 38 km E. of Brasília, 700–1000 m elev., 20 August 1964 (fl., fr.), H.S . Irwin & T.R. Soderstrom 5342 (US); ibd., Chapada da Contagem, ca. 20 km E of Brasília, 15°46’59”S, 47°43’48”W, 1000 m elev., 25 August 1965 (fl., fr.), H. S . Irwin, R. Souza & R. Reis dos Santos 7968 (NY); ibd., ca. 15 km N. E. of Brasília, 1000 m elev., 4 May 1966 (fr.), H. S . Irwin et al. 15623 (NY); ibd., ca. 30 km N. E. da cidade, ca. 950 m elev., 15 May 1966 (fl.), H. S . Irwin et al. 15868 (NY); ibd., 28 May 1975 (fl.), G . Hatschbach 36988 (MBM); ibd., Parque Nacional de Brasília, 30 April 1975 (fl.), E. P . Heringer 14591 (UB); Núcleo Bandeirantes, margem do rio Vicente Pires, 15°46’47”S, 47°55’47”W, 10 April 1976 (fl.), E. P . Heringer 15535 (UB); ibd., Margem do Lago Paranoá, 12 June 1979 (fl.), E. P . Heringer 17294 (IBGE); ibd., Bacia do Rio S „ o Bartolomeu, início da Mata ciliar do Córrego Rajadinha, 20 June 1979 (fl.), E. P . Heringer et al. 1611 (IBGE, US); ibd., 10 April 1980 (fl.), B. A. S . Pereira et al. 4283 (US); ibd., Cachoeira do Pipiripau, 31 May 1982 (fl.), B. A. S . Pereira 283 (IBGE, US); Jardim Botânico de Brasília, ca. 20 km de Brasília, mata de galeria do Córrego Cabeça de Veado, 15°52’S, 47°51’W, 1150 m elev., 03 May 1993 (fl.), Alba E . Ramos 508 (HEPH); ibd., Núcleo rural Rajadinha, 15°45’30”S, 47°38’08”W, 1000 m elev., 25 August 2011 (fl.), B. M. T . Walter et al. 6257 (CEN); ibd., Estaç „o Ecológica Jardim Botânico de Brasília, estrada entre a capacitaç„o 3 e 2, Soares, A. C. A . et al. 168 (ALCB, HEPH). Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Cachoeira S „ o Bento, 14°07’57”S, 47°30’36”W, April 1994 (fl.), Proença, C. E. B . 1197 (UB); ibd., Bona Espero, estrada atrás do Morro da Baleia, seguindo o Córrego que deságua no Rio Preto, 14°09’23”S, 47°48’32”W, 17 August 1995 (fl.), R . Marquete et al. 2320 (IBGE, NY); ibd., Fazenda Portal da Chapada, mata de galeria do Rio dos Couros, 11 August 2007 (fl.), Proença, C. E. B . & Harris, S. A. 3407 (UB); ibd., Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Regi „o do Morro da Baleia, 7.8 Km a partir do Morro da Baleia, Vereda Antes do rio Preto em direç„o ao Morro do Peito de Moça, 13 July 2013 (fl., fr.) M. J . Silva 5151 (UFG), 5152 (UFG); ibd., Jardim da Maytrea, Rodovia Alto Paraíso de Goiás – Niquelândia (GO 239), 25 km do trevo sul de Alto Paraíso de Alto Paraíso de Goiás em direç„o a Vila S „o Jorge, 14°07’50”S, 47°41’14”W, 1231 m elev., September 2013 (fl., fr.), Devecchi, M. F . 211 (USP); ibd., Morro Chapado, Vereda de Acesso ao Morro Chapado, próximo a córrego, 14°07’46.93”S, 47°41’14.2’ W, 1225 m elev., 03 July 2015 (fl.), M. J . Silva 6894 (UFG); ibd., Jardim de Maytrea, Vereda, 14°07’45”S, 47°41’09”W, 1215 m elev., 11 August 2021 (fl.), Schindler, B . 249 (HUEFS); ibd., Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, 14°02’43.7”S, 47°31’38.8”W, 1511 m elev., 03 July 2015, (fl.), M. C. N . Ribeiro et al. 114 (UFG), 115 (UFG), 116 (UFG); ibd., regi„o do Pouso Alto, entrada lateral do PNCV de Alto Paraíso de Goiás para Cavalcante ca. 2, 3 km a partir da cerca do Parque, 14°04’20”S, 47°31’26”W, 1323 m elev., 29 September 2018, M. J. Silva 9406 (UFG); Cavalcante, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra do Tombador, Vereda, 13°40’01”S, 47°48’04”W, Munhoz, C. B. R., Eugênio, C. U. O. & Melo, T. R. B. 7969 (HUEFS, IBGE, UB); Formosa, Lagoa Formosa, Cabeceira do Rio Maranh„o, 15°29’S, 47°33W, 600 m elev., 08 June 1982 (fl.), Patrícia Scheiner 18 (CEN); ibd., Parque Municipal do Itiquira, ao longo do Rio Itiquira, 15°22’35”S, 47°27’50”W, 966 m elev., Queiroz, L. P . de & Pinheiro, F. C. 15827 (HUEFS). Distribution and habitat:—Species probably endemic to the Midwest region of Brazil, and so far, registered for the state of Goiás and Federal District (Figure 3). It grows in “Veredas”, gallery forest associated with “Veredas”, riparian forest, and swamps on clayey, sandy, or hydromorphic soils between 600 and 1511 meters of elevation, commonly above 1000 meters. Analysis of herbaria collections showed that along distribution of this new species, we did not find the traditional specimens of Collaea speciosa with dark ferruginous or ochre stems, conspicuously petiolate leaves, and flowers with petals red or scarlet red in long peduncled inflorescence, which reinforces an isolation of C. insingnis populations. In the Midwest region C. speciosa is found just in the Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states approximately 1000 and 1230 km away from populations of C. insignis. Preliminary Conservation status:— Collaea insingnis has Extent of Occurrence at 11,773.047 km 2, which led us to classified as Vulnerable (B1ab(iii)(iv)) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2017). Populations were found in areas of intense anthropic and unprotected disturbance, such as “Veredas” or streams, where agriculture is present and, consequently, affects the size of its populations. However, there are populations of this species in areas of permanent protection, such as the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, in the state of Goiás, which ensures its conservation. Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to the showy, remarkable aspect of this species, mainly due to the beautiful flowers, foliage, and inflorescences. Taxonomical notes:— Collaea insignis has been identified in herbaria collections of the Midwest region as C. speciosa (Figure 2c–e, and Figure 4h–o 1), one of the most polymorphic species of the genus. Both shares the biggest flowers of the genus (flowers 3.4–4.8 cm long), shrubby habit up to 3 m tall; leaves coriaceous; the stems, abaxial surface of the leaflets and fruits densely velutinous, was well as pedicel and calyx robust. However, the novel species differs from C. speciosa by the leaves sessile (vs. petiole 0.5 to 1 cm long), petals always lilac or bluish (vs. red scarlet), the stems, abaxial surface of the leaves, pedicel, external surface of the calyx and fruits with trichomes yellowish or cream (vs. golden, brownish or ferrugineous), flowers with 3.7–3.9 cm long (vs. 3.4–4.8 cm long), calyx 1.4–1.5 cm long with vexillary lacinia widely ovate with apex entire and acute, and carenal lacinia ovate, the central ones with subulate apex (vs. 1.9–2.1 cm long with vexillary lacinia triangular, the apex entire and convolute), petals lilac or bluish (vs. scarlet red), standard petals widely obovate with 2.4–3.2, the claw 3.9–5 mm (vs. orbicular or suborbicular, 2.1–3.5 × 1.2–2 cm long, the claw 4–9 mm long), wings with 23.8–24.1 mm, oblong-falcate or falcate, apex obtuse or rounded, base auriculate on the vexillary margin, the claw 3.9–4 mm (vs. 3.2–3.4 cm, elliptic-obovate, apex obtuse, base slightly auriculate on vexillary margin, claw 7.7–7.8 mm), keels petals 2.3–2.4 mm long, base truncate on the vexillary margin, the claw 3.9–4 mm (vs. 3.1–3.2 cm, base slightly auriculate on vexillary margin, claw ca. 8 mm), androecium ca. 1.9 cm with stamen carenal joined to the other on upper third (vs. 1.8–2.1 cm, the vexillary stamen joined to the others in the median portion), gynoecium 2.4–2.6 cm long, straight or slightly curved with papilose stigma (vs. ca. 3.1 cm, curved, smooth). As mentioned in the introduction, collections of the new species have been identified also as C. aschersoniana (Figure 4a–g 1) e C. stenophylla (Figure 4p–u 1). However, the novel species can be promptly differentiated of the latter by a set of morphological characters such as colors, shapes and sizes of the petals, shapes of the carinal and vexillary lacinia of the calyx, size and aspect of the gynoecium and androecium, as listed in table 1 and visualized in Figure 4, and by leaf anatomical characters, as shown below in the anatomy section., Published as part of Silva, Marcos José Da, Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula, Santos, Igor Soares Dos & Pinto, Rafael Barbosa, 2022, Studies on Collaea species (Fabaceae) occurring in Brazil: taxonomic novelties, new interpretations about the leaf of the genus, and new leaf anatomical characters for American Fabaceae, pp. 55-74 in Phytotaxa 576 (1) on pages 57-61, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7440951, {"references":["IUCN (2017) Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee."]}

Collaea insignis, a new species from Midwestern of Brazil, is described and illustrated from plants recognized as C. speciosa or misinterpreted as C. aschersoniana and C. stenophylla. However, the association of the morphological (e.g., morphology of leaves, flowers and indument types), leaf anatomical (see below), and geographical (allopatric distribution) features led us to recognized such species, and also propose four lectotypes and a synonym within this Collaea group. The leaf anatomy of Collaea species is described here for the first time, and it is noteworthy that all species present stomata in crypts, a rare feature in plants, and not described in the American Fabaceae. Other characters such as indumented leaflets, thick cuticle, palisade parenchyma with 2 or 3 layers of cells, spongy parenchyma with 1–3 layers of loosened cells, cortex in the midrib, petiole, pulvinus and pulvinules with rhombohedral crystals, bicollateral vascular bundles in the midrib and collateral in the petiole and petiole, and common epidermal cells with different shapes and sizes between the abaxial, and adaxial surfaces are also provided for the first time for the genus. In addition to several vegetative and reproductive characters that can be used to separate the new species from morphologically similar congeners. The studied species can be anatomically differentiated by a set of characters such as contour of the midrib, pulvinus, and puvinules, presence or absence of petiole, type of the vascular bundles of the mesophyll, midrib, and pulvinules, type of sheath extension surrounding the vascular bundles in the mesophyll and its direction, as well as the number of parenchyma and collenchyma layers in the cortex of the midrib, pulvinus and pulvinules. In addition to the taxonomic, and macro and micromorphological novelties, new interpretations about the leaf of the genus are proposed.

O estudo que se apresenta objetiva a análise do fenômeno do Processo Penal de Emergência e, ainda que em linhas gerais, suas consequências para o atual Estado Democrático de Direito. Capitaneado pela mídia, tem-se o Direito Penal e o Direito Processual Penal como os únicos instrumentos de frear o avanço da criminalidade, mas o que se observa é uma busca sem controle por tal pretensa pacificação social, culminando, muitas vezes, com o não acatamento dos direitos e garantias fundamentais dos cidadãos.&nbsp

Este trabalho estuda conceitos de conversores CC-CC de tres portas (TPC’s) aplicados em sistemas fotovoltaicos não isolados. Para tal, foram apresentadas algumas classificações, modos de operação e configurações de processamento de energia. Além disso, foram realizadas também, breves comparações entre estas. Em seguida, foram apresentadas tres combinações entre conversores clássicos e uma dessas combinações foi validada por meio de simulação computacional.

RESUMO Campylocentrum Benth. possui distribuição neotropical e cerca de 73 espécies arranjadas em cinco seções. No Brasil, está representado por 38 espécies (24 endêmicas), concentradas, sobretudo, na Mata Atlântica. Com intuito de contribuir com o conhecimento taxonômico do gênero em áreas de Cerrado do Brasil Central, onde o mesmo não é estudado, fornecemos um tratamento taxonômico às espécies ocorrentes no Distrito Federal e no Estado de Goiás. Foram registrados cinco taxa arranjados em três seções: C. kuntzei Cogn. ex Kuntze, C. mattogrossense Hoehne (C. sect. Campylocentrum Cogn.), C. neglectum (Rchb. f. & Warm.) Cogn. (C. sect. Laevigatum E. Pessoa & M. Chase), C. fasciola (Lindl.) Cogn. e C. pachyrrhizum (Rchb. f.) Rolfe (C. sect. Dendrophylopsis Cogn.). Destes, C. fasciola constitui uma nova ocorrência para a flora de Goiás. São apresentados uma chave de identificação, descrições, comentários taxonômicos e de distribuição geográfica, além de imagens e ilustrações. ABSTRACT Campylocentrum Benth. has a neotropical distribution and about 73 species arranged in five sections. In Brazil, it is represented by 38 species (24 endemic), concentrated mainly in the Atlantic Forest. In order to contribute to the taxonomic knowledge of the genus in Cerrado areas of Central Brazil, where it is not studied, we provide a taxonomic treatment for species occurring in the Federal District and in the Goiás State. Five taxa were recorded arranged in three sections: C. kuntzei Cogn. ex Kuntze, C. mattogrossense Hoehne (C. sect. Campylocentrum Cogn.), C. neglectum (Rchb.f. & Warm.) Cogn. (C. sect. Laevigatum E. Pessoa & M. Chase), C. fasciola (Lindl.) Cogn. and C. pachyrrhizum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe (C. sect. Dendrophylopsis Cogn.). Of these, C. fasciola constitutes a new occurrence for the flora of Goiás. Here we provide an identification key, descriptions, taxonomic and geographic distribution comments, in addition to images and illustrations are presented.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of defense mechanisms at baseline on depressive symptoms after brief psychotherapies and after 6-months of follow-up among depressed patients with and without cluster B personality disorders (PDs). Methods: This quasi-experimental study nested within a randomized clinical trial included a clinical sample of adults (18-60 years) diagnosed with major depressive disorder using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III was applied to assess PD, the Defense Style Questionnaire 40 was used to analyze defense mechanisms, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Adjusted analysis was performed by linear regression. Results: The final sample consisted of 177 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, of whom 39.5% had cluster B PDs. Immature defenses at baseline significantly predicted the persistence of depressive symptoms at post-intervention and at 6-months of follow-up only in patients with PDs. Conclusion: In depressed patients with cluster B PDs, immature defenses predicted a poor response to brief therapies. The assessment of immature defenses at baseline can help identify patients at greater risk of poor therapeutic results and enable more appropriate treatment choices.

The notion of information crystallized in the area from the perspective of the Mathematical Theory of Information, under the focus of communication, however, this is not the only possible semantics. Gilbert Simondon uses the concept of information as an element involved in the individuation process. In dialogue with Deleuze's philosophy and the contributions of researcher Faucher, this essay explores Simondon's ontology in order to put the concept of information back to Information Science. For Simondon, there is no physical, biological, psychic or social individual without information. Information implies the becoming of and in the matter. Under such a foundation, Information Science takes place in the virtual-intensive-current cycle while following the materiality it owes as it is informed and individualized. Information Science is open to the possibility of thinking about information as an intensive force on an immanent plan.

Objective To analyze the effect of lavender essential oil associated with massage on spinal pain levels in obese women. Methods The sample included 49 obese women, between 20 and 60 years of age, randomly assigned to three groups: control (n=15), intervention (n=19) and placebo (n=15). The intervention and placebo groups were submitted to eight 35-minute sessions, twice a week for one month, but the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia was used only in the intervention group. A placebo was used for the placebo group and the control group received no intervention. Pain levels were measured before and after the intervention using the Visual Analog Scale. Results There was a significant decrease in total spinal pain (p=0.004), in the cervical region (p=0.003) and in the lumbar region (p=0.008) in the intervention group. Conclusion Lavender essential oil had a positive impact on the reduction of pain in the spine of obese women, as well as in the specific areas of the cervical and lumbar regions compared to the control and placebo groups. Level of evidence I; Randomized clinical trial. RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o efeito do óleo essencial de lavanda associado à massagem nos níveis de dor na coluna em mulheres obesas. Métodos A amostra incluiu 49 mulheres obesas com idades entre 20 e 60 anos, randomizadas em três grupos: controle (n = 15), intervenção (n = 19) e placebo (n = 15). Os grupos intervenção e placebo foram submetidos a oito sessões com duração de 35 minutos, duas vezes por semana durante um mês, sendo que o óleo essencial de Lavandula angustifolia foi usado apenas no grupo intervenção. Um placebo foi usado para o grupo placebo e o grupo controle não recebeu intervenção. Os níveis de dor foram medidos antes e depois da intervenção pela Escala Visual Analógica. Resultados Houve diminuição significativa da dor total na coluna (p = 0,004), na região cervical (p = 0,003) e na região lombar (p = 0,008) no grupo intervenção. Conclusão O óleo essencial de lavanda teve impacto positivo na redução da dor na coluna de mulheres obesas, bem como em áreas específicas das regiões cervical e lombar em comparação com os grupos controle e placebo. Nível de evidência I; Ensaio clínico randomizado. RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar el efecto del aceite esencial de lavanda asociado al masaje sobre los niveles de dolor espinal en mujeres obesas. Métodos La muestra incluyó a 49 mujeres obesas con edades de 20 a 60 años, distribuidas aleatoriamente en tres grupos: control (n = 15), intervención (n = 19) y placebo (n = 15). Los grupos intervención y placebo se sometieron a ocho sesiones con 35 minutos de duración, dos veces por semana durante un mes, utilizándose el aceite esencial de Lavandula angustifolia solo en el grupo intervención. Para el grupo placebo se utilizó un placebo y el grupo control no recibió ninguna intervención. Los niveles de dolor se midieron antes y después de la intervención, utilizando la Escala Visual Analógica. Resultados Hubo una disminución significativa del dolor total en la columna (p = 0,004), en la región cervical (p = 0,003) y en la región lumbar (p = 0,008) en el grupo intervención. Conclusión El aceite esencial de lavanda tuvo un impacto positivo en la reducción del dolor de columna vertebral en mujeres obesas, así como en las áreas específicas de las regiones cervical y lumbar en comparación con los grupos control y placebo. Nivel de evidencia I; Ensayo clínico aleatorizado.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás Boilers are widely used by industries and thermoelectric plants to generate renewable energy. However, when biomass is consumed, residues are generated, which for the most part cannot be discarded appropriately. This study investigated the reuse of eucalyptus wood waste with the goal of transforming the residue into resistant and durable briquettes for reuse in furnaces and boilers. The physico-chemical properties of the residue were studied in terms of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, and its crystalline structure was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. Both thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the thermal decomposition of the wood waste residue. The residue was compacted in a universal press with sufficient humidity to fabricate briquettes under different conditions of mechanical pressure. Apparent density, durability, and burning tests were carried out on the briquettes. The maximum temperature reached during burning is dependent on the fabrication compaction pressure. The briquettes proved suitable for burning in boilers and furnaces, and their durability is advantageous for handling, reuse, and transportation. Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano Universidade de Rio Verde Universidade Federal do Tocantins Universidade Estadual Paulista/Grupo de Pesquisa em Materiais Alternativos de Construção Universidade Estadual Paulista/Grupo de Pesquisa em Materiais Alternativos de Construção

Although reproductive behavior is of general interest in evolutionary studies, ecology, and conservation of biodiversity, there are relatively few records on courtship behavior for several animal groups, which include birds, one of the most well-studied vertebrates. Herein we report novel information on a poorly known Neotropical owl species, by reporting courtship displays of the Black-banded Owl (Strix huhula), registered in the Brazilian western Amazon. We describe two events of courtship exhibited by a pair of S. huhula, including vocalization patterns, body movements, and courtship feeding, which suggests that this species possess complex social behavior. Our study provides pivotal information to the understanding of the reproductive biology of the Black-banded Owl and others owl species with similar patterns of reproduction and courtship behavior.

Davilla pygmaea M. J. Silva, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Niquelândia, Reserva Particular de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Legado Verdes do Cerrado, Núcleo Engenho, Área do Mirante, cerca de 600 metros a leste do Mirante, campo limpo, 14°39’52”S 48°27’54”W, 690 m, 18 February 2021, fl., M . J. Silva, I. S. Santos & B. R. Pereira 11815 (holotype UFG!). Diagnosis:— Decumbent subshrubs with a woody underground system; stem with one or two branches 0.7–1 m long and 20–30 cm above ground level. Leaves (6.5) 10–14 cm long, alternate distichous; petiole (0.6) 1.5–1.8 cm long, with two conspicuous lateral and upward-oriented extensions; blade (5) 7.5–13 × (1) 1.7–3.2 cm, coriaceous, elliptic, oblanceolate, veins hispid on both surfaces, inflorescence 3–5 cm long, (2)4–6 flowers, unbranched, or with only one basal branch; flowers 1.7–2.2 cm long, glabrous with spatulate-obovate petals, external and internal sepals glabrous; androecium with 126–131 stamens and two free carpels, follicles indehiscent when young, ca. 0.6 × 4.1 mm long. Description:— Subshrubs, decumbent with a woody underground system; main stem with one or two tillers 0.7–1 m long and 20–30 cm tall above ground level; adult branches cinereous, bark peeling off in plates near the base, and sparsely hispid; young branches brown or slightly vinaceous scabridulous, especially near the base. Leaves (6.5) 10–14 cm long, alternate, distichous; petiole (0.6) 1.5–1.8 cm long, green or brownish, scabridulous, with two conspicuous lateral extensions with flat margins, oriented upwards; leaf blades (5) 7.5–13 × (1) 1.7–3.2 cm, coriaceous, elliptic, oblanceolate, primary and secondary veins hispid on both surfaces, trichomes hyaline, base attenuate, apex obtuse and mucronate, margins flattened, sparsely dentate from the lower third, ciliate; bifacial, adaxial surface dark green, glossy, abaxial surface opaque green; venation eucamptodromous, midrib impressed on adaxial surface; secondary and tertiary veins prominent on both surfaces, the former arranged in 8–9 pairs, ascending at an acute angle>90º, the latter reticulate; Inflorescence 3–5 cm long, (2)4–6 flowers, terminal or less frequently axillary, racemose with a single main axis, or with only basal branching, vinaceous, hirsute, trichomes golden; floral bud dark green, glabrous. Flowers 1.7–2.2 cm long, pedicel 0.9–1.5 cm long, scabridulous, vinaceous; basal bracts 9–12 × 3.8–4 mm, caducous, sparsely hispid externally, glabrous internally, oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate, margins entire, ciliate on upper third, apex shortly acuminate; sepals 5, three outer sepals smaller and two inner larger; outer sepals widely ovate or suborbicular, crustaceous, glabrous, smooth on both surfaces, ciliate on the margins, unequal in size, the external ones 4–4.1 mm diam. when flowering and 4.9–5 mm diam. when fruiting, the median sepal 6.9–7 mm diam. when flowering and 6.6– 6.7 mm diam. when fruiting, the internal sepals 7.7–7.8 mm diam. when flowering, 7.8–7.85 mm diam. when fruiting; inner sepals orbicular, crustaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, and shiny internally, non-ciliate along the margins, equal in size, 8.6–8.7 mm diam. when flowering and 10.9–11 mm diam. when fruiting, the innermost sepals with a reflexed margin, and the outermost sepals superimposed on the inner ones; petals 5, 17–18 × 10–11 mm, 2.5-2.7 mm wide at the base, and 10–10.1 mm wide in the middle third, deciduous, membranous, spatulate-obovate, glabrous on both faces, not ciliate on the margins, emarginate at the apex, yellow; stamens 126–131, arranged in a circle surrounding the carpels, exserted, filaments 3.7–4.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm, cylindrical to clavate, glabrous; anthers 0.9–1 × 0.6–0.7 mm, basifixed, oblong, glabrous, longitudinally dehiscent; carpels 2, free; ovary 1–1.1 × 1.1–3 mm, globose, glabrous with 2 basal ovules 0.6–0.7 × 0.4–0.5–mm; styles 5.4–5.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm, straight, glabrous, stigma capitate, discoid, verrucose. Fruit an indehiscent follicle, ca. 0.6 × 4.1 mm long when young; seed not seen. Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Goiás, Cavalcante, RPPN Serra do Tombador, 3 km da sede da reserva, em direção a Cavalcante, 13º38’13’’S, 47º49’11’’W, 870 m, 06 March 2017, fl., M . F. Simon, A. T. Fidelis & L. M. Borges 3022 (CEN); Niquelândia, RPDS Legado Verdes do Cerrado, Núcleo Engenho, Área do Mirante, cerca de 300 metros a leste do Mirante na borda da floresta estacional, 14º39’50’’S, 48º27’30’’W, 692 m, 21 January 2020, fl., M . J. Silva, I. S. Santos & B. R. Pereira 10574 (UFG); ibd., ca. 250 metros a leste do Mirante, na parte inferior do morro em sua lateral, campo sujo, 14°39’50”S 48°27’37”W, 685 m, 18 February 2021, fl., M . J. Silva, I. S. Santos & B. R. Pereira 11804 (UFG), 11805 (UFG), 11806 (UFG), 11807 (UFG), 11807 (UFG), 11808 (UFG); cerca de 600 metros do a leste do Mirante, campo limpo, 14°39’52”S 48°27’54”W, 690 m, 18 February 2021, fl., M . J. Silva 11813 (UFG), 11814 (UFG). Distribution and habitat:—Species probably endemic to Goiás State, Brazil; was found in the northern and northeastern portions of that state, in the municipalities of Cavalcante and Niquelândia respectively growing in “campos limpos” or “ campos sujos” and in “cerrado rupestre” on sandy-stony, clayey-sandy soils, or stony-clayey soils in undulating or flat landscapes, between 685 and 870 m elevation. Phenology:—Collected with flowers and fruits from January to March. Etymology: — The specific epithet “pygmaea” is derived from the Latin meaning “dwarf”, alludes to the fact that the species is a dwarf subshrub habit. Preliminary conservation status: — Species classified as Critically Endangered, having an estimated Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 38,875 km 2. It grows, however, in protected areas such as the Legado Verdes do Cerrado Private Sustainable Development Reserve and in mountainous areas in the municipality of Cavalcante. Identity, systematic position, and morphological relationships:— Davilla pygmaea can be recognized by having a decumbent subshrub habit, terminal or less often axillary racemose inflorescences 3–5 cm long, with (2)4–6 flowers, and a single main axis or only one basal branch, flowers glabrous with spatulate-obovate petals, androecium with 126–131 stamens, and two free carpels. By having margins of the innermost sepals reflexed, not alate, and the innermost sepals overlapped by the adjacent inner sepals, the species described here can be assigned to D. sect. Davilla, a section proposed by Kubitzki (1971) and recently reviewed by Fraga (2012) with 11 assigned species, four of which [D. elliptica August Saint-Hilaire (1825: 17), D. grandiflora August Saint-Hilaire & Tulasne (1842: 131), D. lacunosa Martius (1838: 49), and D. nitida (Vahl, 1794: 70) Kubitzki (1971: 95)] are found in Goiás State, especially in Cerrado vegetation, with D. lacunosa Martius and D. nitida having monocarpellary flowers, and, therefore, differentiated from the new species, which has bicarpellary flowers, a characteristic shared with D. elliptica and D. grandiflora. In terms of the latter two species, D. elliptica can be easily recognized by its shrub habit, erect or lianescent (vs. subshrub and decumbent in D. pygmaea), inflorescences 7–26 cm long, 3–12 lateral branches, and 3–37 flowers (vs. 3–5 cm long, with single main axis or with only one basal branch, and (2) 4–6 flowers). D. grandiflora shares with the new species a glabrous or glabrescent stem, petioles with reflexed wings, venation eucamptodromous with tertiary veins reticulated, as well as basal bracts, petals and carpels glabrous. It differs by having an erect shrub habit, or rarely lianescent (vs. subshrub and decumbent in D. pygmaea), leaves 2–18.5 × 1.5–15 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic, ovate, or orbicular (vs. (5) 7.5 –13 × (1) 1.7–3.2 cm, always elliptic or oblanceolate), branching inflorescence (vs. nonbranching, or with only one basal branch), basal bracts 4.3–8.2 mm long (vs. 9–12 mm long), pedicel 5.5–16 cm long (vs. 0.9–1.5 cm long), in addition to petals 10.5–12 mm long, spatulate, with apex emarginate (vs. 17–18 mm long, spatulate-obovate and bifid), and androecium with 110–126 stamens (vs. 126–131). In the consultation of the herbaria of the Brazilian midwestern region (CEN, COR, IBGE, UB and UFG) it was verified that Davilla specimens are usually unidentified or wrongly identified. For this reason, we provide the key below and some images as a tool to identify the species of Davilla from the state of Goiás., Published as part of Silva, Marcos José Da & Santos, Igor Soares Dos, 2022, A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data, pp. 186-208 in Phytotaxa 560 (2) on pages 188-195, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7040619, {"references":["Kubitzki, K. (1971) Doliocarpus, Davilla, und verwandte Gattungen (Dilleniaceae). Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Munchen 9: 1 - 105.","Fraga, C. N. (2012) Filogenia e revisao taxonomica de Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae). PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 422 pp.","Saint-Hilaire, A. (1825) Flora Brasiliae Meridionalis: accedunt tabulae delineataea Turpinio aerique incisae. Tomos primus, Paris, Apud A. Belin, Bibliopolam, 480 pp.","Saint-Hilaire, A. & Tulasne, L. R. (1842) Reveu de la Florae du Bresil Meridional. Annales des Sciences Naturelles ser. Botanique 2 (17): 129 - 143.","Martius, C. F. P. von (1838) Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. Plantae brasilienses exsiccatae, quas denominatas, partim diagnosi aut obsevationibus instructas Botanophilis offert Dr. C. Fr. Ph. de Martius. Flora 21: 49 - 96.","Vahl, M. (1794) Symbolae botanicae. Nicolaus Moller & Son, Copenhagen, 104 pp."]}

Key to Davilla species occurring in Goiás State, Brazil 1. Decumbent subshrubs; inflorescences without branching, or with only one basal branch (Fig 2a–c).................... Davilla pygmaea - Upright shrubs or lianas, inflorescences always branching................................................................................................................2 2. Flowers with 1 carpel.........................................................................................................................................................................3 - Flowers with 2 carpels........................................................................................................................................................................4 3. Leaves with tertiary veins lacunose on the abaxial surface; stamens 35–42............................................................ Davilla lacunosa - Leaves with tertiary veins reticulate on the abaxial surface; stamens 52–78 (Fig 6 a–d)............................................. Davilla nitida 4. Petioles with lateral extensions curved downwards; leaf blade glabrous on the adaxial surface and glabrous or glabrescent on the abaxial surface; flowers with glabrous inner sepals externally (Fig 5 a–c)......................................................... Davilla grandiflora - Petioles with flat lateral extensions; leaf blade hirsute or tomentose, rarely glabrescent on the adaxial surface, and tomentose on the abaxial surface; flowers with villous or sericeous inner sepals externally (Fig 4 a–e)........................................ Davilla elliptica, Published as part of Silva, Marcos José Da & Santos, Igor Soares Dos, 2022, A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data, pp. 186-208 in Phytotaxa 560 (2) on page 195, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7040619

Silva, Marcos José Da, Santos, Igor Soares Dos (2022): A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data. Phytotaxa 560 (2): 186-208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.2.3

Discute os conceitos de colonialidade e decolonialidade no contexto epistemológico da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. É questionado em que se corporifica a colonialidade presente na epistemologia da Biblioteconomia e da Ciência da Informação, bem como é procurado meios de ruptura de tal discurso, na direção de uma perspectiva decolonial. Para tanto, o conceito de epistemologia é explorado. Então, é recuperado o histórico da Biblioteconomia e da Ciência da Informação, de modo a enfocar as evidências as condições coloniais que formaram ambas as áreas. Em seguida, discute o conceito de colonialidade e decolonialidade. Finalmente, o caráter dual da Biblioteconomia e da Ciência da Informação é constatado por ser um espaço de saber e poder que tanto pode reforçar como resistir ao poder da colonialidade.

Editorial da v.5, n.2 jul./dez. 2021.

People who live in rural or forested areas are more likely to be affected by snakebites, due to their presence in the natural habitat of snakes and due to activities such as extractivism and agriculture. To conduct an ethnobiological study regarding the knowledge related to venomous snakes, snakebites and the attitudes of people who frequent areas of floodplain forests in the Alto Jurua (Brazilian Amazon), and correlate this information with data on snakebites in the region and the ecology of the ophiofauna, 100 residents, who are actively involved in extractivism, fishing, or hunting in the forests of the region were interviewed. Boards with photographs of venomous snakes from the region were used to ask questions about their experiences. The sampling of snakes was carried on trails in a forest used by residents of the region in their extractivism activities. Four venomous species (Bothrops atrox, B. bilineatus smaragdinus, Micrurus lemniscatus and M. surinamensis) were recorded. Among the interviewees, 31% claimed that they had already suffered at least one snakebite. The B. atrox snake is the species that the inhabitants encounter most and the one that is most associated with snakebites. Bothrops b. smaragdinus was the most common snake found during the search. Regarding accident prevention, 60% of them reported wearing boots when walking in the forest. In relation to practices adopted after a bite, the majority stated that they would seek medical attention; however, many reported using first aid measures that would not be medically effective for the victim's recovery. Despite B. b. smaragdinus being the most common snake found by researchers, it is responsible for very few snakebites. This is probably due to its arboreal habits, since it is found at a higher than average height (6.3 m) which is much higher than the height of a human being. The surveyed population demonstrated knowledge of the main preventive measures against snakebites, although some inadequate and/or ineffective first aid measures are still adopted.

Background Studies on the field of mood disorders has mainly focusing on the risk factors associated to develop the illness or the clinical factors associated with the clinical progression. Less attention was given to factors such as resilience that may be associated with better outcomes in the course of mood disorders. In this study, we assessed the mediation effect of resilience on the relationship between childhood trauma and mood disorders, as well as the severity of depressive symptoms in a population-based sample. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a community sample of young adults with bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and community controls without any mood disorder. The trauma experiences during childhood were assessed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and to assess the resilience was used the Resilience Scale (RS-25). Results All subtypes of trauma were associated with both MDD and BD, however, only physical and emotional abuse differentiated BD from MDD subjects. Bootstrapping-enhanced mediation analyses indicated that resilience partly mediated the association of childhood trauma to both mood disorder and severity of depression. Limitation The employed mediation analyses are cross-sectional in nature, which limits any firm conclusions regarding causality. Conclusions The findings support the clinical assumption that resilient subjects may be partly protected against the detrimental long-term effects of childhood trauma. This study provides important information regarding the relationships among childhood trauma, resilience, and mood disorder.

The article highlights the functioning of the rhizome concept in science and philosophy, with the purpose of identifying the differences that are evident when it is approached in Deleuzoguattariana philosophy and in the social and human sciences. The objective is to analyze how the rhizome concept is appropriate in library and information science (LIS). The notion of rhizome in the writings of Deleuze and Guattari and in the LIS bibliography were explored and described, through bibliographic review and conceptual analysis. It was found that the concept presents different configurations when stated in science and philosophy. In science, greater sense stability is sought, while in philosophy the concept may have meaning linked to a single work. The notion of rhizome is flexible on the philosophical plane and, although it looks for definitions in the LIS, it is a polysemic term. The rhizome concept is potentially important for exploring innovations in the studies of knowledge organization, classification and information retrieval.

Introduction Childhood trauma has been suggested to be involved in susceptibility to bipolar disorder (BP). However, it remains unclear whether the occurrence of childhood trauma is differently distributed in subthreshold bipolar disorder (SBP). Objective To assess childhood trauma in young adults with SBP, as compared to young adults with BP and population controls (PC). Method This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to define the groups with BP (subjects with a lifetime or current manic episode or lifetime or current hypomania with a history of a depressive episode), SBP (subjects with a history of hypomanic episode without lifetime or current depressive episode), and subjects without mood disorders (PC). Childhood trauma was assessed using de Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We investigated differences regarding childhood trauma across the three groups (BP, SBP and PC). Result Except for sexual abuse, all subtypes of childhood trauma remained associated with the BP group as compared to PC. Additionally, when we compared SBP and BP, significant differences were found only for emotional abuse. No significant differences were found in relation to childhood trauma between the SBP and PC groups after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion These findings suggest that investigating childhood trauma, with a particular focus on emotional abuse, could be considered a preventive measure and potentially improve the prognosis.

The article highlights the functioning of the rhizome concept in science and philosophy, with the purpose of identifying the differences that are evident when it is approached in Deleuzoguattariana philosophy and in the social and human sciences. The objective is to analyze how the rhizome concept is appropriate in library and information science (LIS). The notion of rhizome in the writings of Deleuze and Guattari and in the LIS bibliography were explored and described, through bibliographic review and conceptual analysis. It was found that the concept presents different configurations when stated in science and philosophy. In science, greater sense stability is sought, while in philosophy the concept may have meaning linked to a single work. The notion of rhizome is flexible on the philosophical plane and, although it looks for definitions in the LIS, it is a polysemic term. The rhizome concept is potentially important for exploring innovations in the studies of knowledge organization, classification and information retrieval. O artigo destaca o funcionamento do conceito de rizoma na ciência e na filosofia, com o propósito de identificar as diferenças que se evidenciam quando este é abordado na filosofia deleuzoguattariana e nas ciências sociais e humanas. O objetivo é analisar de que forma o conceito rizoma é apropriado na biblioteconomia e ciência da informação (BCI). A noção de rizoma nos escritos de Deleuze e Guattari e na bibliografia da BCI foram explorados e descritos, por meio da revisão bibliográfica e a análise conceitual. Constatou que o conceito apresenta configurações distintas quando enunciados na ciência e na filosofia. Na ciência é procurada maior estabilidade de sentido, enquanto na filosofia o conceito pode ter sentido atrelado à uma única obra. A noção de rizoma é flexível no plano filosófico e, embora procure definições na BCI, é um termo polissêmico. O conceito de rizoma é potencialmente importante para explorar inovações nos estudos de organização do conhecimento, classificação e recuperação da informação.

Analysis of Brazilian collections and foreign herbaria, specially of those from the Midwest region of Brazil for taxonomic studies on Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus developed by the authors, resulted in a discover a new species. Chamaecrista barnebyana is here described, illustrated, and commented on its distribution, conservation assessment, including environmental preferences, flowering and fruiting, and position systematic. Additionally, it is compared with morphologically similar species using macro-morphological and foliar anatomy characteristics.

Silva, Marcos José Da, Santos, Igor Soares Dos (2022): A lovely new, and potentially medicinal, species of Copaifera (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado supported by anatomical and morphological data. Phytotaxa 552 (2): 127-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.552.2.1

Copaifera appendiculata M. J. Silva, sp. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Niquelândia, Reserva Particular de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Legado Verdes do Cerrado, Núcleo Engenho, Área do Acaba Vida, ca. 1 km da porteira, lado esquerdo da estrada, 753 m. a.s.l., 14°41’59”S, 48°25’25”W, 26 January 2020, fl., M. J. Silva, I. S. Santos & B. S. Pereira 10631 (holotype UFG!; isotypes: CEN!, UB!) (Figs. 1, 2). Diagnosis:—This new species is characterized by having a dwarf, shrubby habit, leaves sessile or with petiole up to 1.8 cm long, and rachis with a conspicuous spiny prolongation 0.9–1 cm long, 2–4 (–5) pairs of leaflets, similar in size, coriaceous, glabrous or indumented at least on the midrib on the abaxial surface, with margins planar, translucent points conspicuous or inconspicuous, with one gland at the base, panicles smaller or slightly larger than the underlying leaves; flowers sessile, the sepals conspicuosly indumented on both surfaces, ovary evenly indumented, fruits glabrous, and seeds with an orange aril. Description:—Shrubs (0.6–) 1–1.7 m tall; adult branches striated, glabrous and cinereous, with conspicuous scars, smooth or longitudinally cracked, young branches shortly tomentose, the trichomes hyaline, rusty, or ocher. Leaves 8.3–15 cm long; stipules 1.3–2.3 × 0.2–0.3 cm, falcate, persistent or tardily caducous, glabrous or glabrescent on the external surface; petiole 0.2–1.8 cm long; rachis 5–9 cm long, both sulcate above, striated, shortly tomentose, rusty or ocher, the rachis with an spiny prolongation 0.9–1 cm long; petiolule 1–3 mm long; leaflets (2)3–4(5) pairs, the proximal similar to the distal, or slightly smaller in size, thin or thick coriaceous, oblong, oblong-elliptic, ellipticfalcate, elliptic or ovate; opposite, or less often subopposite; 5–10 × 2.8–5.8 cm, glandular-punctate, the punctations translucent, visible or not; margins flat, ciliate, non-cartilaginous, with 1 nectary on each side immediately at the base; apex obtuse, slightly emarginate, non-mucronulate, base obtuse or slightly oblique, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely puberulous, abaxial surface similar to the adaxial, but with trichomes shortly tomentose on the midrib; venation brochidodromous, midrib slightly shifted to the right side of the blade, prominent on the abaxial surface, secondary veins impressed on both surfaces. Panicles 13–19.5 cm long, smaller or slightly larger than the undelying leaves, lax, axillary; peduncle 1–2 cm long, rachis 12.5–17.5 cm long, secondary axes (6–) 9–11 cm long, all tomentoserusty, thickened by galls; bracts 3.2–3.3 × 2.9–3 mm, widely ovate, margins entire, ciliate, shortly villose externally; bracteoles 2.8–2.9 × ca. 1.9 mm, similar to the bracts; floral bud 4.7–4.7 × 3–3.1 mm, ellipsoidal, shortly tomentose. Flowers sessile, sepals 4, 5–5.1 × 2.2–2.3 mm, lanceolate, oval-lanceolate, or elliptic, densely sericeous internally, sparsely or densely sericeous externally, with conspicuous secretory cavities, margins entire, apex acute; stamens 10, filaments 6–8 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1.2–1.5 mm long, ellipsoidal, mucronulate, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary 2–.3 × 1.4–1.5 mm, ellipsoidal, densely villous throughout, the trichomes rusty; styles 3–5 mm long. Pod 2.6–3.6 × 2.2–2.5 cm, ellipsoidal, orbicular or obovoid, base asymmetric-attenuated, apex asymmetrically obtuse and mucronate, glabrous throughout, yellowish-green or orange-green when immature, reddish when ripe; seeds 1.5–2.8 × 1.3–1.7 cm, orbicular or elliptic-orbicular, black, aril orange to the middle region of the seed. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Goiás, Niquelândia, RPDS Legado Verdes do Cerrado, Núcleo Engenho, Área do Acaba Vida, ca. 200 metros antes da porteira, cerrado ralo, 771 m. a.s.l. 14°42’15”S, 48°25’24”W, 21 July 2019, fr., M. J . Silva 9878 (UFG), 9879 (UFG); ib., ca. 1 km da porteira, lado esquerdo da estrada, 753 m. a.s.l., 14°41’59”S, 48°25’25”W, 26 January 2020, fl., M. J . Silva 10630 (UFG), 10631 (UFG); ibd., ca. 120 metros antes da porteira, 26 January 2020, fl., M. J . Silva 10642 (UFG); ibd., cerrado ralo após morro, cerca de 750 metros a partir da estrada, 753 m. a.s.l., 14°41’59”S, 48°25’25”W, 26 January 2020, fl, M. J . Silva et al. 10638 (UFG), ibd. ca. 800 metros antes da porteira, ca. 60 metros a partir da estrada, 753 m. a.s.l., 14°41’59”S, 48°25’25”W, 26 January 2020, fl, M. J . Silva et al. 10645 (UFG); ibd., ca. 600 metros antes da porteira 200 metros a partir da lateral esquerda, 752 m ASL, 14°41’59,61”S, 48°25’27,86”W, 26 January 2021, fl., M. J . Silva 11583 (UFG), 11584 (UFG), 11585 (UFG); Área Capão do Bandeira, 693 m. a.s.l., 14°39’22”S, 48°29’35”W, 29 June 2019, fr., M. J . Silva 9667 (UFG); Área da Filipa, morro após o ponto de apoio da área da Filipa, 705 m. a.s.l., 14°35’21”S, 48°26’05”W, 21 February 2020, fl., fr., M. J . Silva et al. 10974 (UFG), 10975 (UFG); Área do Poço Rosado, 100 m após o córrego, 14°36’42”S, 48°30’12”W, 623 m. a.s.l., 22 April 2021, fr., M. J . Silva et al. 12334 (UFG); ibd., 90 metros a partir do córrego, 22 April 2021, fr., M. J . Silva et al. 12337 (UFG); ibd., ca. 200 metros a partir do córrego, 619 m. a.s.l., 14°36’41”S, 48°30’14”W, 22 April 2021, fr., M. J . Silva et al. 12339 (UFG); ibd., ca. 150 m, após o córrego, 22 April 2021, fr., M. J . Silva et al. 12340 (UFG), 12341 (UFG), 12342 (UFG), 12342 (UFG), 12343 (UFG); Área da Trilha do Campo Cerrado, 656 m. a.s.l., 14°36’52”S, 48°29’34”W, 29 May 2021, fr., M. J . Silva 12578 (UFG), 12579 (UFG); ibd., ca. 180 metros a partir do córrego, M. J. Silva 12581 (UFG), 12582 (UFG), 12585 (UFG); Área do Lama Preta, cerca de 400 metros a partir do 4º Córrego do Lama Preta, lado direito da rodagem, 27 January 2021, fl., M. J . Silva 11635 (UFG), 11636 (UFG), 11637 (UFG), 11638 (UFG), 11639 (UFG), 11640 (UFG), 11641 (UFG), 11643 (UFG), ibd., 718 m. a.s.l., 14°39’36”S, 48°25’49”W, 23 June 2021, fr., M. J . Silva 12717 (UFG), 12718 (UFG), 12719 (UFG), 12720 (UFG); Área do Mirante, ca. 400 metros a leste do Mirante, 14°39’45”S, 48°27’31”W, 724 m. a.s.l., 25 January 2020, fl., M. J . Silva 10585 (UFG), 10586 (UFG); Área do Pasto do Romão, 100 metros a partir da estrada que leva ao pasto do Romão, 647 m. a.s.l., 14°37’07”S, 48°27’05”W, 27 January 2021, fl., M. J . Silva 11668 (UFG), 11669 (UFG), 11670 (UFG), 11671 (UFG); ibd., ca. 200 metros a partir da porteira do pasto do Romão, 656 m. a.s.l., 14°37’08”S, 48°27’06”W, 27 January 2021, fl., M. J . Silva 11679 (UFG), 11680 (UFG), 11681 (UFG); ibd., cerrado ralo ca. 150 m após a mata, 24 Jun 2021, fr., M. J . Silva 12796 (UFG), 12797 (UFG), 12798 (UFG), 12799 (UFG); Área do Rio Traíras, ca. 100 metros antes de chegar à Ponte do rio Traíras, cerrado típico na lateral esquerda da estrada, 630 m. a.s.l., 14°36’34”S, 48°28’38”W, 25 January 2020, fl., M. J . Silva 10536 (UFG); ibd., ca. 250 metros antes da ponte do Traíras, na lateral esquerda da trilha do Traíras, 668 m. a.s.l., 14°365’37”S, 48°28’54”W, 25 January 2020, fl., M. J . Silva 10539 (UFG); ib., ca. 400 metros após a ponte do rio Traíras, cerca de 350 metros para dentro do Cerrado típico do lado esquerdo da estrada, 25 January 2020, fl., M. J . Silva 10558 (UFG), 10560 (UFG). Distribution and habitat:— Copaifera appendiculata has been encountered so far in the Legado Verdes do Cerrado Private Sustainable Development Reserve, in the municipality of Niquelândia, Goiás State, Brazil (Fig. 4). Grows in “cerrado típicos”, “cerrados ralos”, “campos sujos”, and in the transition from “campos sujos” to “cerrados ralos”, on sandy-clay, litholic, and stony-clayey soils in level areas, slopes, or hilltops between 618 and 753 m. a.s.l. Phenology:—Species collected with flowers in January and fruits in April, June and July. Etymology:—The specific epithet “appendiculata” refers to the leaf rachis of the new species with a conspicuous terminal appendix, a character not mentioned in the specialized literature for the genus. Vernacular name:—“Pau-de-óleo mirim” and “copaibinha” according to the employees at the Legado Verdes do Cerrado Sustainable Development Private Reserve. Proposed conservation status:—The conservation status of Copaifera appendiculata was classified as Critically Endangered [CR, B1b (i, ii, iii, iv, v), as it is known from fewer than 10 localities and has an Extent of Occurrence of ca. 75.42 km 2. Additionally, most populations of this species have less than 20 individuals, and although they grow in an area protected by law, some sites demonstrate anthropic disturbances caused by the removal of the native vegetation and agricultural activities. Notes:— Copaifera appendiculata is easily recognized as a shrub 0.6 to 1.7 m tall, leaves commonly with 2–3(4) pairs of leaflets, oblong, oblong-elliptic, elliptic-falcate or elliptic, the proximal leaflets similar to distal ones in size, with coriaceous blades, nerviform and ciliate margins, glabrescent adaxial surface, glabrescent abaxial surface, or slightly tomentose at least in the midrib, petioles and rachis striated, glabrescent or tomentose, the trichomes yellowish, rusty, or cinereous, the rachis with a spiny prolongation; stipules evident, 1.3–2.3 cm long, panicles usually smaller than the underlying leaves, flowers sessile with lanceolate, oval-lanceolate or elliptic sepals, densely sericeous internally, sparsely to densely sericeous externally, with conspicuous secretory cavities, in addition to ellipsoidal or orbicular fruits with asymmetrically attenuated bases and seeds with an orange aril.Among the subshrubby or shrubby species of Copaifera present in the Cerrado, C. marginata Benth. (Figs. 3a–e) is most similar to C. appendiculata, as both share a shrubby habit, leaves with 2 to 4 pairs of coriaceous leaflets, similar in size and poorly differentiated on both surfaces, in addition to the rachis and petiole indumented, flowers sessile with sepals indumented on both surfaces. C. appendiculata can be distinguished, however, by the leaf rachis having a spiny prolongation (vs. absent in C. marginata), leaflets with or without visible translucent points, margins nerviform, flat, and usually ciliated (vs. without visible translucent points, cartilaginous, revolute, and with non-ciliated margins), panicles smaller or slightly larger than the underlying leaves (vs. two to three times larger than the underlying leaves), ovary ellipsoidal, densely villous throughout (vs. ovary pubescent on margins), fruits brown with margins glabrous (vs. purplish or reddish, tomentose or pubescent), and seeds orbicular or elliptic-orbicular with orange aril (vs. oblong with white aril) Copaifera is a complex genus, and its dwarf Cerrado species are consistently mistakenly identified in herbarium collections (e.g., CEN, UB, IBGE), and the literature concerning the genus dealing with species from the Cerrado biome (e.g., Costa 2007, Souza et al. 2016) provide poorly informative descriptions and keys often have overlapping characteristics. As a result, other subshrubby or shrubby Copaifera species (such as C. elliptica, C. magnifolia Dwyer, C. malmei Harms, and C. nana Rizzini) can easily be confused with C. appendiculata. All of those other species, however, have a foliar rachis without any prolongation (vs. prolonged in C. appendiculata) and seeds with white arils (vs. orange), in addition to each being differentiated by other important characters (See Costa 2007, Martins-da-Silva et al. 2008, Souza et al. 2016), as shown in the table 1. Leaf anatomical data:— Copaifera appendiculata has petioles with cordate contours in cross section (Fig. 5a), while C. marginata Benth. has petioles with plano-convex contours (Fig. 5h); both species have petioles covered by a thick cuticle, an unistratified epidermis with rectangular, quadrangular or, less frequently, rounded common cells with thickened walls (Fig. 5b, c, i, j); in C. marginata the cuticle is thicker and the common epidermal cells contain phenolic compounds (Fig. 5i). The latter species exhibits an unistratified hypodermis with rounded cells with thickened walls (Fig. 5i, k). The cortex of the species studied here comprises 1–3 layers of angular collenchyma cells (Fig. 5b, k), secretory cavities with wide lumens, and juxtaposed, elliptic and rounded secretory epithelial cells with thin peri- and anticlinal walls, diffusely distributed between the parenchyma cells (Fig. 5c, f, g, i, n). Those cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of different classes of secondary metabolites and substances with lipophilic natures into the lumens of the secretory cavities (Fig. 5k). Both species have a vascular system composed of collateral bundles, although C. appendiculata has a main vascular bundle in a closed arch, and 10 accessory vascular bundles, five on each side (Fig. 5a), while C. marginata has only one central vascular bundle (Fig. 5h). The vascular bundles of both species are surrounded by gelatinous and libriform fibers; in C. marginata they are interspersed between the fibers and diffused by the parenchyma occur sclereids (Fig. 5i, k, m). In both taxa, the large-caliber vascular bundle contains pith with parenchyma cells and secretory cavities (Fig. 5f). Non-glandular trichomes are found in both species, being more common in C. marginata (Fig. 5j), which also has polyhedral crystals associated with the fibers (Fig. 5k). Rodrigues et al. (2011) and Carvalho et al. (2019) presented only one cross-sectional image of the petioles of both C. sabulicola J.A.S. Costa & L.P. Queiroz (2007: 394) and C. langsdorffii, showing an unistratified epidermis with a thick cuticle, the cortex with secretory cavities, and the vascular system comprising a single central vascular bundle and accessory vascular bundles in adaxial positions as in C. appendiculata and C. marginata. Copaifera sabulicola, however, has a petiole without a hypodermis (vs. present in C. marginata and absent in C. appendiculata and C. langsdorffii), a vascular system with two accessory vascular bundles (vs. absent in C. marginata, 10 in C. appendiculata, and two in C. langsdorffii), and a plano-convex contour (vs. cordate in C. appendiculata and planoconvex in C. marginata and C. langsdorffii). The anatomical features of the petiole observed in the studied species are similar to those of members of the Leguminosae Juss. subfam. Detarioideae Burmeist., tribe Detarieae DC., which belongs to the genus Copaifera, as observed in the genus Hymenaea Linnaeus (1753: 1192) by Silva et al. (2012). The rachis of Copaifera appendiculata has an ovoid contour, canaliculate, and slightly ondulate on the adaxial surface (Fig. 6a), while in C. marginata the rachis is evenly rounded and without undulations (Fig. 6f). The anatomy of the rachis of both species is very similar to that observed in the petiole, that is, C. marginada has a hypodermis as well as accessory vascular bundles and secretory cavities diffused throughout the parenchyma (Fig. 6f, g). In both taxa, the epidermis is unistratified, commonly with rectangular or quadrangular cells surrounded by a thick cuticle (Fig. 6c, g); the cortex comprises 2–4 layers of angular collenchyma, 3 to 7 layers of parenchyma, with some sclereids and secretory cavities dispersed throughout the parenchyma (Fig. 6b, c, e, g, j), and associated with fibers in C. marginata (Fig. 6h). The vascular systems of the rachis of the species studied here are formed by collateral vascular bundles with a conspicuous sheath of fibers, which are associated with sclereids in C. marginata (Fig. 6a, f, h). C. appendiculata has a central vascular bundle in a closed arc, and four accessory vascular bundles facing the adaxial surface (Fig. 6a, b); C. marginata has only a central vascular bundle in a closed arc, which occupies the largest extension between the rachis tissues (Fig. 6f, i). The pith is conspicuous in these species, with parenchymatic cells and secretory cavities in C. appendiculata (Fig. 6a, d) but few parenchyma cells in C. marginata (Fig. 6f). Non-glandular trichomes were also observed in both species (Fig. 6a, g, f). This work provides the first descriptive report of rachis anatomy for Copaifera. The midribs of the leaflets of Copaifera appendiculata have concave-convex contours; in C marginata they are plano-convex, with the first convexity angle being more conspicuous and acute (Fig. 7a, f). The epidermis of the species is unistratified, with common cells of varying sizes and shapes between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The epidermal cells of C. appendiculata are rectangular on the adaxial surface and ovoid on the abaxial surface (vs. quadrangular and rounded in C. marginata), with the cells on the abaxial surface being larger than those on the adaxial surface (Fig. 7b, c); in contrast, the adaxial cells of C. marginata are larger than those on the abaxial surface (Fig. 7g, h). Stomata, distributed at the same level as the common cells of the adaxial epidermis, were observed only in C. appendiculata (Fig. 7b), whereas a hypodermis was found only in C. marginata (Fig. 7g, h). The cortex of both species comprises 2 or 3 layers of angular collenchyma (Fig. 7c, Published as part of Silva, Marcos José Da & Santos, Igor Soares Dos, 2022, A lovely new, and potentially medicinal, species of Copaifera (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado supported by anatomical and morphological data, pp. 127-150 in Phytotaxa 552 (2) on pages 129-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.552.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6691024, {"references":["Souza, V. C., Toledo, C. A. P., Araujo, A. O. & Rando, J. G. (2016) Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (exceto Bauhinia e Chamaecrista) In: Flora dos estados de Goias e Tocantins. Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania. pp. 1 - 147.","Martins-da-Silva, R. C. V., Pereira, J. F. & Lima, H. C. (2008) O genero Copaifera (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) na Amazonia Brasileira. Rodriguesia 59: 455 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 23499872","Rodrigues, T. M., Teixeira, S. P., Machado, S. R. 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The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of anxious, depressive and stress symptoms, as well as the consumption of antidepressants and anxiolytics among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study conducted online via social media involving individuals between 18 and 35 years old. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and were asked about the use of anxiolytics and antidepressants. Mental health was assessed using the DASS-21 scale. The sample was composed of 349 participants of both sexes, and 71 (20.3%) used antidepressants and/or anxiolytics during the pandemic. Of these, 20.5% used anxiolytics, 31.8% used antidepressants, and 28.4% used both concomitantly. The main anxiolytic drug reported was clonazepam, and the antidepressant, fluoxetine. About mental health, a prevalence of 27.5% anxious symptoms, 31.8% depressive symptoms, and 30.7% stress symptoms was found. The results also show that the prevalence of depressive symptoms and stress reached 51.3% and 50.0%, respectively, in the participants who, prior to the pandemic, were already using medication for depression control, while in the participants who reported taking medication for anxiety control prior to the pandemic, the prevalence of anxious symptoms was 61.0%, depressive 56.4%, and stress 57.1%. Thus, high prevalence of mental disorders and use of medications were found, and such findings serve as an alert for the development of specific interventions. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés, así como el consumo de antidepresivos y ansiolíticos entre adultos jóvenes durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado online a través de redes sociales en el que participaron personas entre 18 y 35 años. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y se preguntó sobre el uso de ansiolíticos y antidepresivos. La salud mental se evaluó mediante la escala DASS-21. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 349 participantes de ambos sexos, de los cuales 71 (20,3%) utilizaron antidepresivos y/o ansiolíticos durante la pandemia. De estos, el 20,5% utilizaba ansiolíticos, el 31,8% antidepresivos y el 28,4% ambos de forma concomitante. El principal fármaco ansiolítico informado fue el clonazepam y el antidepresivo fluoxetina. Cuanto la salud mental, se encontró una prevalencia de 27,5% de síntomas ansiosos, 31,8% de depresión y 30,7% de estrés. Los resultados también muestran que la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de estrés alcanzó el 51,3 % y el 50,0 %, respectivamente, en los participantes que usaban medicamentos para el control de la depresión antes de la pandemia, mientras que en los participantes que reportaron consumir medicamentos para el control de la ansiedad, antes de la pandemia, la prevalencia de síntomas ansiosos era del 61,0%, depresivos del 56,4% y de estrés del 57,1%. Así, se encontraron altas prevalencias de trastornos mentales, así como el uso de medicamentos, sirviendo de alerta para el desarrollo de intervenciones específicas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de sintomas ansiosos, depressivos e de estresse, bem como o consumo de antidepressivos e ansiolíticos entre adultos jovens durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado online pelas redes sociais envolvendo indivíduos entre 18 e 35 anos. Os participantes responderam um questionário sociodemográfico e foram indagados sobre o uso de ansiolíticos e antidepressivos. A saúde mental foi avaliada através da escala DASS-21. A amostra foi composta por 349 participantes de ambos os sexos, sendo que 71 (20,3%) fizeram uso de antidepressivos e/ou ansiolíticos durante a pandemia. Destes, 20,5% faziam uso de ansiolíticos, 31,8% antidepressivos e 28,4% de ambos concomitantemente. O principal medicamento ansiolítico relatado foi o clonazepam, e o antidepressivo, a fluoxetina. Sobre a saúde mental, foi encontrada uma prevalência de 27,5% de sintomas ansiosos, 31,8% depressivos e 30,7% de estresse. Os resultados também mostram que as prevalências de sintomas depressivos e de estresse chegaram a 51,3% e 50,0%, respectivamente nos participantes que anteriormente à pandemia já faziam uso de medicamentos para controle da depressão, já nos participantes que relataram consumir medicamentos para o controle de ansiedade, anterior a pandemia, a prevalência de sintomas ansiosos foi de 61,0%, depressivos 56,4% e de estresse 57,1%. Assim, foram encontradas elevadas prevalências de transtornos mentais bem como o uso de medicamentos, servindo tais achados de alerta para o desenvolvimento de intervenções específicas.

BACKGROUND The construction of an elimination stoma has a physical, psychological, and social impact on the person. The development of stoma self-care competence contributes to the adaptation to a new health condition and improvement of quality of life. eHealth refers to everything associated with information and communication technology and health care, including telemedicine, mobile health, and health informatics. The use of eHealth platforms by the person with an ostomy, as a digital application that includes websites and mobile phone apps, can bring scientific knowledge and well-informed practices to individuals, families, and communities. It also allows functionalities that enable the person to describe and identify early signs and symptoms and precursors of complications and to be guided to an adequate health response for their problems. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to define the most relevant content and features to promote ostomy self-care integrated into an eHealth platform as a digital app or website to be used by patients for self-management of stoma care. METHODS We developed a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach using the focus group methodology, which was oriented to reach a consensus of at least 80%. A convenience sample of 7 participants consisting of stomatherapy nurses was used. The focus group discussion was recorded, and field notes were taken. The focus group meeting was fully transcribed, and a qualitative analysis was performed. The research question was: Which content and features for ostomy self-care promotion should be integrated into an eHealth platform as a digital app or website? RESULTS An eHealth platform, which can be a smartphone app or website, for people with ostomy should provide content aimed at promoting self-care, namely in the field of knowledge and self-monitoring, as well as the possibility of interacting with a stomatherapy care nurse. CONCLUSIONS The stomatherapy nurse has a decisive role in promoting adaptation to life with a stoma, namely through the promotion of stoma self-care. Technological evolution has emerged as a useful tool to enhance nursing interventions and promote self-care competence. The development of an eHealth platform aimed at promoting ostomy self-care should include the capabilities for telehealth and help with decision-making regarding self-monitoring and seeking differentiated care.

Estudos demonstram benefícios com a prática de dança de salão. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito imediato da prática de dança de salão sobre o controle postural estático de seus praticantes, juntamente aos fatores que possam influencia-lo. Optou-se por um estudo transversal de caráter observacional quantitativo em uma amostra por conveniência, constituída por 19 homens e 19 mulheres praticantes de dança de salão, que participaram de uma prática de dança de 120 minutos. Foram coletados os dados sócio demográficos, antropométricos e sintomas osteomusculares. Para a avaliação do centro de pressão (COP), foi utilizado uma plataforma de força antes e depois da prática. O único fator que demonstrou diferença significativa no controle postural antes da prática de dança foi o gênero, sendo os homens que apresentam maiores deslocamentos no COP. Comparando o efeito da prática de 120 minutos de dança, em todos participantes, houve uma uma diminuição do deslocamento do COP na posição bipodal no COPap (p= 0.028) e COPvel (p= 0.003), na posição unipodal COPvel (p= 0.006) e na posição semi-tanden COPml (p= 0.026). O efeito imediato de uma prática de dança de salão contribui para o controle postural em ambos os sexos.

O desenvolvimento de projetos hospitalares consiste em uma tarefa complexa, devido àsnormas vigentes. Atualmente, com o colapso mundial do sistema de saúde, devido àpandemia do COVID-19, houve então a necessidade de reestruturar a área de saúde comohospitais e clínicas investindo na transformação de seu sistema, englobando desde amelhoria da qualidade do espaço físico como a qualidade dos serviços prestadosproporcionando um atendimento mais humanizado. Embora a humanização hospitalartenha sido estudada em vários aspectos, não existia um sistema universal de humanização.Preenchendo esta lacuna, a pesquisa teve como objetivo a criação de um sistema depontuação referente à humanização dos espaços hospitalares. Ao longo da pesquisa foramanalisadas duas unidades hospitalares da rede Sarah, sendo elas, a unidade da Asa Sul e aunidade do Lago Norte, ambas localizadas em Brasília, estas foram escolhidas por terem umsistema de construção pré-fabricado além de um atendimento exemplar humanizado. Opropósito deste estudo foi não só analisar os aspectos positivos de atração, acolhimento einfluência positiva da humanização na melhora dos pacientes, bem como a importância eagilidade da construção feita com pré-fabricados, tema tão em voga nos projetosconstrutivos, principalmente nas áreas hospitalares, devido sua rápida produção. Destemodo, pode-se inferir que o escopo desta pesquisa foi padronizar um sistema único dehumanização dos espaços hospitalares, desenvolvendo assim uma organização com base emcritérios. No entanto, de modo a ratificar tal metodologia, caberia, em estudos futuros,ampliar a avaliação para outros espaços hospitalares, além de detalhar de forma maiscriteriosa os critérios criados para a pontuação.

Objectives: To identify nursing interventions, their characteristics, and outcomes for promoting self-care in candidates for a bowel elimination ostomy. Materials and methods: A scoping review was carried out based on the Joanna Briggs Institute’s recommendations. For this, studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish on the Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus databases and without a time limit were selected on November 9, 2020. Results: Of 2248 articles identified, 41 were included in this review. We identified 20 nursing interventions associated with the self-care of patients with an ostomy; most of them have gaps in their content, method, and frequency or dosing. More than 30 indicators were identified to assess the impact of nursing interventions; however, most of them were indirect assessments. Conclusion: There is scarce evidence regarding the different aspects that must be involved in nursing interventions for patients with a stoma. Moreover, there is no standardization in methods, frequency, or dosing of intervention. It is urgent to define the content, method, and frequency of nursing interventions necessary to promote self-care in patients with a bowel elimination ostomy and to use assessment tools that directly measure stoma self-care competence., Objetivos: identificar las intervenciones de enfermería, sus características y resultados para promover el autocuidado en candidatos a estoma de eliminación intestinal. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión de alcance con base en las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Para este fin, se seleccionaron estudios publicados en portugués, inglés y español en las bases de datos Web of Science, CINAHL y Scopus al 9 de noviembre de 2020. Resultados: de un total de 2248 artículos identificados, se incluyeron 41 en esta revisión. Se identificaron 20 intervenciones de enfermería asociadas al autocuidado de pacientes con ostomía; la mayoría tiene lagunas en su contenido, método y frecuencia o dosis. Se identificaron más de treinta indicadores para evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones de enfermería; sin embargo, la mayoría de ellas fueron evaluaciones indirectas. Conclusión: es escasa la evidencia sobre los diferentes aspectos que deben considerarse en las intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con estoma. Además, no existe una estandarización en los métodos, la frecuencia o la dosis de intervención. Es urgente definir el contenido, el método y la frecuencia de las intervenciones de enfermería necesarias para promover el autocuidado en pacientes con estoma de eliminación intestinal y utilizar herramientas de evaluación que midan directamente ese autocuidado., Objetivos: identificar as intervenções de enfermagem, suas características e resultados para promover o autocuidado em candidatos à estomia intestinal de eliminação. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de escopo com base nas recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs. Para isso, foram selecionados estudos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol nas bases de dados Web of Science, CINAHL e Scopus de 9 de novembro de 2020. Resultados: de 2 248 artigos identificados, foram incluídos 41 nesta revisão. Foram identificadas 20 intervenções de enfermagem associadas ao autocuidado de pacientes com estomia; a maioria tem lacunas em seu conteúdo, método e frequência ou dose. Foram identificados mais de 30 indicadores para avaliar o impacto das intervenções de enfermagem; contudo, a maioria delas foi avaliação indireta. Conclusões: é escassa a evidência sobre os diferentes aspectos que devem ser considerados nas intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes com estomia. Além disso, não há um padrão nos métodos, na frequência ou na dose de intervenção. É urgente definir o conteúdo, o método e a frequência das intervenções de enfermagem necessárias para promover o autocuidado em pacientes com estomia intestinal de eliminação e utilizar ferramentas de avaliação que meçam diretamente esse autocuidado.

Phyllanthus pterocaulis M.J. Silva, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2) Type:��� BRAZIL. Goi��s: Niquel��ndia, Reserva Particular de Desenvolvimento Sustent��vel Legado Verdes do Cerrado, N��cleo Engenho, ��rea do Coimbra, imediatamente ap��s a planta����o de soja, lado direito da estrada sentido Vila da Reserva, Borda de Floresta Estacional, solo argiloso, 14��33���12���S, 48��31���12���W, 569 m. a.s.l., 19 February 2021, fl., fr., M .J. Silva, I.S. Santos & B.S. Pereira 11935 (holotype UFG!, isotypes UB!, CEN!, NY!, RB!). Diagnosis:���This species can be differentiated from its most similar species (see table 1) by having herbaceous habit up to 13 cm tall, stem short and sparsely hispidulous, conspicuously winged in cross section, Leaves ovate with margin irregularly serrate, base truncate or cordate, hispidulous below; flowers on both sexes 5 or 6-merous, the staminate ones with three free stamens, the pistillate ones with bilobed stigma. Description ���Herbs 7���13 cm tall, annual, monoecious; stem short and sparsely hispidulous, greenish to green brownish, conspicuously winged in cross section, monopodial or simpodial, with non phyllantoid branching; lateral branches, angulate, striated longitudinally, 2���9.5 cm long, distically distributed. Cataphylls absent. Stipules 1���1.2 mm long, widely triangular, conspicuously auriculate at base, margin entire. Petiole 0.3���0.4 mm long, cylindrical, hispidulous. Leaf blade 3���6 �� 2.9���3 mm, chartaceous, ovate and cordate, base truncate or slightly cordate, apex obtuse, margin irregularly serrate and ciliate by hispidulous trichomes; discolorous, opaque green and glabrous above, dark green and hispidulous below; venation brochidodromous, primary and secondary veins impressed on both surfaces. Cymules bisexual on leaf axils and base of the secondary and tertiary branches, with 1 pistillate flower and 1���3, staminate flowers; bracts widely triangular, conspicuously acuminate. Staminate flowers 0.7���0.8 mm long, pedicel 0.4���0.5 mm long, cylindrical; sepals 5 or 6, 0.3���0.32 �� 0.3 mm, widely elliptic, elliptic-obovate or oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded-mucronulate; stamens 3, free, anthers horizontally dehiscent; disk with 5 or 6 obtriangular segments with rugose surface. Pistillate flowers 1.2 mm long; pedicel 0.3���0.35 mm long; sepals 5 or 6, lanceolate, oblong-obovate or oblong with a light-green or reddish central band; disk entire, patelliform; ovary 0.35���04 �� 0.4 mm, globose, glabrous, styles 3, free, horizontally bilobed. Capsules 1.2���1.3 �� 1.3 mm, depressed-ovate, glabrous, sepals marcescent; fruiting pedicels often bent and deflexed. Seeds 0.7���0.75 �� 0.5���0.6 mm, trigonous; hilum obtriangular, terminal; testa with 9 or 10 minutely verruculose rows of arranged longitudinally along the dorsal surface, and 5 or 6 rows on lateral surfaces, light brown. Additional specimens examined (paratype s):��� BRAZIL. Goi��s. Niquel��ndia, reserva Particular de Desenvolvimento Sustent��vel Legado Verdes do Cerrado, N��cleo Engenho, ��rea do Coimbra do lado direito da estrada sentido vila, ap��s planta����o de soja na borda de Floresta Estacional, solo argiloso, 14��33���10���S, 48��31���12���W, 576 m. a.s.l., 28 January 2021, fl., fr, M . J. Silva, B. S. Pereira, I. S. Santos & B. Gusm��o 11770 (UFG), 11771 (UFG), 11772 (UFG); ibd., 14��33���15���S, 48��31���11���W, 570 m. a.s.l., 19 February 2021, fl., fr, M . J. Silva, B. S. Pereira & I. S. Santos 11930 (UFG) 11931 (UFG), 11932 (UFG), 11933 (UFG), 11934 (UFG); ibd., final da ��rea da Felipa, lado direito da estrada sentido ��rea do Z�� Gordo, em borda de Floresta Estacional, 14��35���03���S, 48��24���43���W, 697 m. a.s.l., 20 February 2021, fl., fr., M . J. Silva, B. S. Pereira & I. S. Santos 11979 (UFG). Distribution and habitat:��� Phyllanthus pterocaulis has been collected so far in the municipality of Niquel��ndia, state of Goi��s. Unlike many herbaceous species of Phyllanthus that grow in disturbed environments, it was found growing in shady environments at the edge of seasonally dry forests of on clay soil between 576��� 750 m.a.s.l. Phenology:���Species collected with flowers and fruits in January and February. Preliminary conservation status:���Species with an Extent of Occurrence of 16.827 km 2, which is therefore classified as Critically Endangered (CR) Criteria B1 subcriteria b(iv, v). Also, the species forms populations with less than 50 individuals growing at the edge of dry forest currently surrounded by soybean fields, and the limits of this vegetation-type are constantly challenged by increase in plantation size. Etymology:���The specific epithet ���pterocaulis��� refers to the cross section of its winged stem (���ptero��� from the Greek ���pter��n���, plus ���caulis���, from Latin). Systematic position and morphological relationships:��� Phyllanthus pterocaulis has herbaceous habit, non-phyllanthoid branching, leaves alternate and distichous, androecium with three free stamens, pistillate flowers with entire disk, ovary glabrous, fruiting pedicels often bent and deflexed, and verruculose seeds. These characters place it within Phyllanthus subg. Phyllanthus sect. Loxopodium G.L. Webster, an American group composed by six species represented by small plants that grow in damp areas or along stream beds, more rarely in dry limestone areas. These species are characterized by the distichous phyllotaxy, persistent axes with flowers on all orders of branching, pistillate flowers with entire or dissected disk, the staminate ones with three stamens free or connate and anthers dehiscing transversely; the styles are usually bifid, and seeds vary from smooth to verruculose (Webster 1955, Bouman et al. 2018). Considering the taxa included in P. sect. Loxopodium, the species that resemble P. pterocaulis the most are Cuban endemic P. heliotropus Whright ex Griseb. (1865: 167) and P. avicularis M��ller Argoviensis (1863: 32) and P. hyssopifolioides Kunth (1817: 108), both occurring in Brazil. All share flattened or winged branches, the staminate flowers with three stamens and segmented disk. Characters listed in Table 1 clarify the differences between these species. According to Bouman et al. (2018) three species of Phyllanthus sect. Loxopodium occur in Brazil, one with subspecific taxa: P. avicularis, P. caroliniensis subsp. caroliniensis, P. caroliniensis subsp. guianensis (Klotzsch, 1843: 51) G.L. Webster (1955: 46), and P. hyssopifolioides. It is common to find unnamed or misdetermined specimens belonging to these taxa in local herbaria. Therefore, we provide a key to differentiate these and the newly described species below., Published as part of Silva, Marcos Jos�� Da, Alonso, Alexandre Ant��nio & Santos, Igor Soares Dos, 2022, A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy, pp. 53-64 in Phytotaxa 530 (1) on pages 54-58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5823919, {"references":["Webster, G. L. (1955) Studies of the Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthoideae I. Taxonomic notes on the West Indian species of Phyllanthus. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 176: 45 - 63.","Bouman, R. W., Keβler, P. J. A., Telford, I. R. H., Bruhl, J. J. & Welzen, P. C. van (2018) Subgeneric delimitation of the plant genus Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 63: 167 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / blumea. 2018.63.02.14","Muller Argoviensis, J. (1863) Euphorbiaceae: Vorlaufige Mitteilungen aus dem fur De Candolle's Prodromus bestimmten Manuscript uber diese Familie. Linnaea 32: 1 - 126.","Kunth, K. S. (1817) Euphorbiaceae. In: Humboldt, F. W. H. A, Bonpland, A. J. A. & Kunth, K. S. (Eds.) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum 2. Librairie Graeco-Latino-Germanicae, Paris, 401 pp.","Klotzsch, J. F. (1843) Euphorbiaceae. In: Bentham, G. Contributions towards a Flora of South America - Enumeration of plants vollected by Mr. Schomburgk, in British Guiana. London Journal of Botany 2: 42 - 52."]}

Key for identification of Phyllanthus sect. Loxopodium species occurring in Brazil 1. Stems winged, flattened or angled in cross section; leaves chartaceous............................................................................................2 - Stems cylindrical in cross section; leaves thinly membranaceous.....................................................................................................4 2. Stems up to 13 cm tall, winged, hispidulous; leaves 3���6 �� 2.9���3 mm, indumented, ciliate at margin; pistillate disk patelliform; flowers on both sexes 5 and 6-merous on the same plant.............................................................................. Phyllanthus pterocaulis - Stems (15) 19���50 cm tall; subcylindrical, angled or flattened, glabrous; leaves 5���15 �� 3���6 mm glabrous, non-ciliate at margin; pistillate disk anular or segmented; flowers on both sexes 5 or 6-merous on the same plant............................................................3 3. Plants dioecious; branches flattened; stipules hastate; cymules bisexual; stamens united; pistillate disk entire; capsules 2���2.1 mm long; seeds verruculose..................................................................................................................................... Phyllanthus avicularis - Plants monoecious; branches subcylindrical; stipules oval-triangular; cymules unisexual; stamens free; pistillate disk 5 or 6 segmented; capsules 3���3.1 mm long; seeds smooth.............................................................................. Phyllanthus hyssopifolioides 4. Leaves oblong-obovate, obovate or elliptic-obovate; stipules 0.8���12 mm long; segments of the staminate disk cuneate or rounded; pistillate sepals 1���1.2 mm long, linear-spathulate...................................................... Phyllanthus caroliniensis subsp. caroliniensis - Leaves elliptic; stipules 1.5���2 mm long; segments of the staminate disk oval or elliptic; pistillate sepals 0.7���0.9 mm long, oblong or spathulate.................................................................................................................... Phyllanthus caroliniensis subsp. guianensis, Published as part of Silva, Marcos Jos�� Da, Alonso, Alexandre Ant��nio & Santos, Igor Soares Dos, 2022, A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy, pp. 53-64 in Phytotaxa 530 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5823919

Silva, Marcos José Da, Alonso, Alexandre Antônio, Santos, Igor Soares Dos (2022): A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy. Phytotaxa 530 (1): 53-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.4

The epistemological understanding of Bibliography and Documentation presents different perspectives regarding their natures. Seen both as activities and as disciplines, Bibliography and Documentation were approached in different ways by important thinkers in the informational field, especially by Otlet and Ranganathan. In this context, we present a study that aimed to investigate the understanding that Otlet and Ranganathan had of Bibliography and Documentation and how they both related them to Library Science. From a methodological point of view, a comparative analysis was carried out between Otlet's Traité de Documentation (1934) and Ranganathan's Social Bibliography or Physical Bibliography for Librarians (1952) and Documentation: Genesis and Development (1973). The results showed that, for Otlet, Bibliography and Documentation were different stages of an evolutionary scientific movement that had moved from a procedural dimension to a methodological-scientific dimension, disconnecting from Library Science and entering the so-called Bibliology. Ranganathan believed Documentation was a set of activities analogous to cataloging and reference service (library activities) whereas Bibliography, endowed with greater scientificity than Documentation, was focused on bibliographic production and its role in social communication, also supported by Library Science. We conclude that Otlet's emancipatory speech made way for the establishment of a document science (Documentation), while Ranganathan's speech gave scientific authority to Library Science in order to deal with both Documentation and Bibliography. A compreensão epistemológica a respeito da Bibliografia e da Documentação apresenta perspectivas distintas quanto à natureza das mesmas. Vistas concomitantemente como atividades e como disciplinas, Bibliografia e Documentação foram abordadas de formas diferentes por importantes pensadores do campo informacional, especialmente por Otlet e Ranganathan. Neste contexto, apresentamos um estudo que teve por objetivo investigar a compreensão que Otlet e Ranganathan tiveram a respeito da Bibliografia e da Documentação e como ambos as relacionaram com a Biblioteconomia. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre as obras Traité de Documentation (1934), de Otlet, e os livros Social Bibliography or Phisical Bibliography for Librarians (1952) e Documentation: Genesis and Development (1973), de Ranganathan. Os resultados apontaram que, para Otlet, Bibliografia e Documentação eram diferentes estágios de um movimento científico evolutivo que avançara de uma dimensão processual para uma dimensão metodológico-científica, desligando-se da Biblioteconomia e se inserindo na chamada Bibliologia. Para Ranganathan, a Documentação era um conjunto de atividades análogas à catalogação e ao serviço de referência (atividades biblioteconômicas) e a Bibliografia, dotada de maior cientificidade que a Documentação, estava voltada à produção bibliográfica e seu papel na comunicação social, alicerçada também pela Biblioteconomia. Concluímos que o discurso emancipatório de Otlet abriu espaço para a instauração de uma ciência do documento (Documentação), ao passo que o discurso de Ranganathan conferiu autoridade científica à Biblioteconomia para lidar tanto com a Documentação quanto com a Bibliografia.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the factors associated with the dropout from brief psychotherapy for adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated at a mental health outpatient clinic. This is a randomized clinical trial with two models of psychotherapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and supportive expressive dynamic psychotherapy (SEDP). MDD and anxiety disorders were evaluated through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus. The personality disorders were evaluated by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and resilience through Resilience Scale. Of the 215 participants, 41.9% abandoned psychotherapy (n = 90), and, of these, 54.4% (n = 49) abandoned after the fourth session. The proportion of psychotherapy dropout was higher among those with nonwhite skin colour, belonging to economic classes C and D, who had children and whose depressive symptoms were moderate. Presence of obsessive-compulsive personality trait was protective against dropout. The damage caused by this abrupt interruption is evident for all those involved in the psychotherapeutic process, so the clinician should pay attention to the predictors found in this study in order to develop strategies that promote therapeutic adherence.

The objective was to analyze the periodontal condition severity and the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity of an adult population of an Afrodescent Community of northeastern Brazil. This is an observational and cross- sectional study performed through an oral clinical examination, using a standardized clinical record. For the subjects with periodontal disease, the bacterial biofilm was collected in a Petri dish containing 0.9% physiological solution to detect the presence of microorganisms Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, and later observed under an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the prevalence of periodontal disease and the frequency of the protozoa in the bacterial biofilm. Statistical significance of the relationships researched was verified by Fisher's exact test. It was evaluated 29 subjects pertaining to the Quilombola Patioba community, aged 35 to 44 years. The results showed that among the adults of the community, there was a high prevalence of periodontal disease (75.86%), being higher in the 1st and 6th sextants of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). E. gingivalis positivity occurred in most sextants affected by gingivitis, while in the condition of periodontitis, this microorganism was not present in the 3rd, 4th and 6th sextants. In all sextants affected by periodontal disease, T. Tenax was observed when associated with gingivitis. It is worth mentioning the begging of the elaboration of health policies, social and professional commitment that foster a greater promotion of oral health and quality of life for the quilombolas of northeastern Brazil. Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar la severidad de la condición periodontal y la aparición de microorganismos patógenos en la cavidad oral de una población adulta de una comunidad afrodescente del noreste de Brasil. Este es un estudio observacional y transversal realizado a través de un examen clínico oral, utilizando un registro clínico estandarizado. Para los sujetos con enfermedad periodontal, la biopelícula bacteriana se recogió en una placa de Petri que contenía una solución fisiológica al 0,9% para detectar la presencia de microorganismos Entamoeba gingivalis y Trichomonas tenax, y luego se observó bajo un microscopio óptico. El análisis estadístico se realizó calculando la prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal y la frecuencia de los protozoos en la biopelícula bacteriana. La significación estadística de las relaciones investigadas se verificó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se evaluaron 29 sujetos pertenecientes a la comunidad Quilombola Patioba, de 35 a 44 años. Los resultados mostraron que entre los adultos de la comunidad, hubo una alta prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal (75.86%), siendo mayor en el sexto sexto y sexto del Índice periodontal comunitario (IPC). La positividad de E. gingivalis se produjo en la mayoría de los sextantes afectados por gingivitis, mientras que en la condición de periodontitis, este microorganismo no estaba presente en los sextantes tercero, cuarto y sexto. En todos los sextantes afectados por enfermedad periodontal, se observó T. Tenax cuando se asoció con gingivitis. Vale la pena mencionar el inicio de la elaboración de políticas de salud, compromiso social y profesional que promuevan una mayor promoción de la salud oral y la calidad de vida de las quilombolas del noreste de Brasil.