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Daily use of mouthwash is generally recommended to control dental plaque development and limit further adhesion of oral bacteria. To this purpose, Chlorhexidine di-gluconate (CHG)-containing products are still the most used antiseptic in oral health. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of three different mouthwash commercial formulations containing CHG at the same concentration (0.2%) on the main etiological agent of dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to confirm the CHG concentration in the commercial formulations. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of mouthwashes on planktonic cells. The biofilm prevention concentration (BPC) and CHG formulation activity towards mature biofilm were investigated. Both total cell titer and viability in S. mutans pregrown biofilms were evaluated after treatment with formulations at different time points and concentrations, using Crystal Violet (CV) and tetrazolium dye assay (MTT). The Shapiro–Wilk and Levene tests were used to evaluate the normality and overall homogeneity of the datasets, respectively. The chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test and Student’s t-test were used to evaluate the inhibitory capacity of the commercial formulations in CV and MTT assays. Results showed that even though only slight differences in MIC and MBC values were found on planktonic bacteria, the antibiofilm effect of the different formulations exhibited wide variation when mature biofilms were treated. In addition, results were discussed based on the different compositions of the three formulations, suggesting that herbal extracts, when present in mouthwash formulations, may not always have a beneficial effect, especially when mature biofilms are concerned.

IntroductionA child’s critical illness is a stressful event for the entire family, causing significant emotional distress among parents and changes to family functioning. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has abruptly caused modifications in visitation policies of Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) in many countries. We hypothesized that caregivers with no or severely restricted access to PICUs would demonstrate increased psychological distress as compared to those who had limitless access (LA) to PICUs.MethodsSociodemographic variables, levels of psychological distress, ratings of family functioning, and ability to cope with stressful events were collected with an online survey in a group of caregivers after their child’s hospitalization. Ratings of psychological distress were compared between caregivers with no/severely restricted (NA) and with LA to PICUs.ResultsMeasures of depression, anxiety, and global severity index (GSI) of psychological distress were significantly higher in NA caregivers as compared to LA. Among demographic characteristics of the sample, only gender influenced the severity of psychological symptoms: women showed an increased score on levels of somatization, depression, anxiety, and GSI. Avoidant coping style positively correlated with measures of depression. Univariate General Linear Model (GLM) analyses of the effects of sex, age, visitation policies of PICUs, and score of avoidant coping strategies on measures of psychological distress confirmed a significant univariate effect of no access to PICUs on parents’ psychopathological scores.ConclusionRestrictions imposed on visitation policies in PICU during the pandemic negatively impacted families’ psychological wellbeing. A balance between the safety of patients, families, and health care professionals and meeting the needs of families is of utmost importance.

Ancient Maya believed in life after death. They used to prepare dead bodies during burial ceremonies whose purpose was to celebrate the dead and to help them passing through the way from earthly life to the beyond one. Bodies preparation included coloured scented body ointment application, with a deep symbolic connotation and probably also a conservative purpose. The aim of this research was to characterize pigments and binders used by ancient Maya in the preparation of body oint ments used to paint human bones. Emblematic painted bone samples from Xcambó (Maya archaeological site located in the municipality of Dzemul, in the Mexican state of Yucatán) were investigated through a non-destructive and micro-destructive analytical techniques. Results pointed out the presence of two mainly red pigments, i.e. red ochre and cinnabar, as already observed in other Maya painted bones. The new insight of the research is the identifcation of the organic compounds used as binding media in the ointments: a mixture of vegetable drying oil (probably Chia seed oil) mixed with an aromatic compound (bitumen). This knowledge, together with that obtained in the last decades, is important to reconstruct the cultural habitat and social customs of this pre-Hispanic civilization and transfer them to today's context

By capitalising on his interpretation of historical materialism in terms of “philosophy of praxis”, Gramsci elaborates an original theory of modernity – modernity is neither “humanistic” nor “nihilistic”, but is founded on the issue of the “state-nation”. The concept of “national-popular” is the most appropriate expression of the “democratic” connection of “reason” and “life”, i.e. of intellectuals and people. This connection takes place in a territory that constitutes the essence of modern state. Machiavelli, the Jacobins and Hegel are key-figures of the birth and development of the bourgeois hegemony. The “organic crisis” of this hegemony (that fully emerges with the First World War) is caused by the split between the nationalism of politics and the cosmopolitanism of economy. Neither “americanism” nor the USSR can offer an effective solution to this crisis. Keywords: Modernity; Philosophy of Praxis; History; Nation-State; Hegemony., Materialismo Storico, N. 2 (2018): L'estensione dell'ideologia

The present paper focuses on the close relation between library collections and their preservation environment, aiming, in particular, at highlighting the importance of promoting and sustaining the monitoring. The paper proposes some simple and ready-to-use technologies – smart monitoring – to prevent future damages., Studi di archivistica, bibliografia, paleografia

Chromosomal rearrangements are essential events in the pathogenesis of both malignant and nonmalignant disorders, yet the factors affecting their formation are incompletely understood. Here we develop a zinc-finger nuclease translocation reporter and screen for factors that modulate rearrangements in human cells. We identify UBC9 and RAD50 as suppressors and 53BP1, DDB1 and poly(ADP)ribose polymerase 3 (PARP3) as promoters of chromosomal rearrangements across human cell types. We focus on PARP3 as it is dispensable for murine viability and has druggable catalytic activity. We find that PARP3 regulates G quadruplex (G4) DNA in response to DNA damage, which suppresses repair by nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Chemical stabilization of G4 DNA in PARP3

De un inventario de 283 templos históricos establecidos durante la dominación española en la región de la Nueva Vizcaya (Chihuahua, México) se han identificado 23 templos que albergan pinturas murales y/o techumbres polícromas. En este atículo se presenta el estudio que se está llevando a cabo ennueve de ellos, todos fundados por misioneros Jesuitas entre 1640 y 1767. Recientes estudios (XRF, FORS, FTIR) han evidenciado que mientras que aquellas obras que presentan figuras y elementos decorativas puramente indígenas mantienen el estándar de pigmentos a base de óxido de hierro, aquellas que siguen cánones estilísticos europeos contienen (además de éstos) otros pigmentos y colorantes (ej. cochinilla, índigo) que, si bien pudieron haberse producido localmente, no forman parte de la paleta nativa de esta región. El proyecto Biblioteca de Recursos Culturales desarrollado desde el Laboratorio de Patrimonio Histórico – Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Chihuahua tiene como objetivo identificar, documentar y analizar materiales naturales presentes en Patrimonio Cultural. Gracias a él se están identificando los materiales utilizados en las superficies decorativas objeto de estudio. El presente artículo muestra la investigación multidisciplinar e interinstitucional que se ha desarrollado para la documentación, recolección y el estudio de dichos materiales en colaboración con miembros de las comunidades locales. Ello ha permitido no sólo poner en valor el patrimonio artístico de Chihuahua, sino también diseñar las estrategias de conservación adecuadas que garanticen su preservación., Los autores agradecen a todas las organizaciones e instituciones de México (Misiones Coloniales de Chihuahua AC, Tecnológico Monterrey Campus Chihuahua, Laboratorio de Patrimonio Histórico, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología - CONACYT, Centro de Investigación de Materiales Avanzados - CIMAV Chihuahua, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia - INAH, Chihuahua, CONACYT-Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Empresa minera Dia Bras, así como autoridades locales y comunidades de Santa María de Cuevas, Cusihuiriachi, La Joya, Satevó, Rosario, Coyachi, San Francisco de Borja), Estados Unidos (Museum Conservation Institute- Smithsonian Institution, Programa de Becas J. Paul Getty), España (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia) e Italia (Università Ca`Foscari, IFAC-CNR en Firenze, IVASACNR en Trento), que han contribuido al desarrollo de este estudio.

BACKGROUND: In laboratory animals, exposure to most general anaesthetics leads to neurotoxicity manifested by neuronal cell death and abnormal behaviour and cognition. Some large human cohort studies have shown an association between general anaesthesia at a young age and subsequent neurodevelopmental deficits, but these studies are prone to bias. Others have found no evidence for an association. We aimed to establish whether general anaesthesia in early infancy affects neurodevelopmental outcomes.METHODS: In this international, assessor-masked, equivalence, randomised, controlled trial conducted at 28 hospitals in Australia, Italy, the USA, the UK, Canada, the Netherlands, and New Zealand, we recruited infants of less than 60 weeks' postmenstrual age who were born at more than 26 weeks' gestation and were undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy, without previous exposure to general anaesthesia or risk factors for neurological injury. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by use of a web-based randomisation service to receive either awake-regional anaesthetic or sevoflurane-based general anaesthetic. Anaesthetists were aware of group allocation, but individuals administering the neurodevelopmental assessments were not. Parents were informed of their infants group allocation upon request, but were told to mask this information from assessors. The primary outcome measure was full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, third edition (WPPSI-III), at 5 years of age. The primary analysis was done on a per-protocol basis, adjusted for gestational age at birth and country, with multiple imputation used to account for missing data. An intention-to-treat analysis was also done. A difference in means of 5 points was predefined as the clinical equivalence margin. This completed trial is registered with ANZCTR, number ACTRN12606000441516, and ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00756600.FINDINGS: Between Feb 9, 2007, and Jan 31, 2013, 4023 infants were screened and 722 were randomly allocated: 363 (50%) to the awake-regional anaesthesia group and 359 (50%) to the general anaesthesia group. There were 74 protocol violations in the awake-regional anaesthesia group and two in the general anaesthesia group. Primary outcome data for the per-protocol analysis were obtained from 205 children in the awake-regional anaesthesia group and 242 in the general anaesthesia group. The median duration of general anaesthesia was 54 min (IQR 41-70). The mean FSIQ score was 99·08 (SD 18·35) in the awake-regional anaesthesia group and 98·97 (19·66) in the general anaesthesia group, with a difference in means (awake-regional anaesthesia minus general anaesthesia) of 0·23 (95% CI -2·59 to 3·06), providing strong evidence of equivalence. The results of the intention-to-treat analysis were similar to those of the per-protocol analysis.INTERPRETATION: Slightly less than 1 h of general anaesthesia in early infancy does not alter neurodevelopmental outcome at age 5 years compared with awake-regional anaesthesia in a predominantly male study population.FUNDING: US National Institutes of Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Thrasher Research Fund, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Health Technologies Assessment-National Institute for Health Research (UK), Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Anesthesiologists Society, Pfizer Canada, Italian Ministry of Health, Fonds NutsOhra, UK Clinical Research Network, Perth Children's Hospital Foundation, the Stan Perron Charitable Trust, and the Callahan Estate.

Background: Postoperative apnea is a complication in young infants. Awake regional anesthesia (RA) may reduce the risk; however, the evidence is weak. The General Anesthesia compared to Spinal anesthesia study is a randomized, controlled trial designed to assess the influence of general anesthesia (GA) on neurodevelopment. A secondary aim is to compare rates of apnea after anesthesia. Methods: Infants aged 60 weeks or younger, postmenstrual age scheduled for inguinal herniorrhaphy, were randomized to RA or GA. Exclusion criteria included risk factors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome and infants born less than 26 weeks gestation. The primary outcome of this analysis was any observed apnea up to 12 h postoperatively. Apnea assessment was unblinded. Results: Three hundred sixty-three patients were assigned to RA and 359 to GA. Overall, the incidence of apnea (0 to 12 h) was similar between arms (3% in RA and 4% in GA arms; odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.30, P = 0.2133); however, the incidence of early apnea (0 to 30 min) was lower in the RA arm (1 vs. 3%; OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.91; P = 0.0367). The incidence of late apnea (30 min to 12 h) was 2% in both RA and GA arms (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.41 to 3.33; P = 0.7688). The strongest predictor of apnea was prematurity (OR, 21.87; 95% CI, 4.38 to 109.24), and 96% of infants with apnea were premature. Conclusions: RA in infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy reduces apnea in the early postoperative period. Cardiorespiratory monitoring should be used for all ex-premature infants.

Awake regional anesthesia (RA) is a viable alternative to general anesthesia (GA) for infants undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Benefits include lower incidence of postoperative apnea and avoidance of anesthetic agents that may increase neuroapoptosis and worsen neurocognitive outcomes. The General Anesthesia compared to Spinal anesthesia study compares neurodevelopmental outcomes after awake RA or GA in otherwise healthy infants. The aim of the study is to describe success and failure rates of RA and report factors associated with failure.This was a nested cohort study within a prospective, randomized, controlled, observer-blind, equivalence trial. Seven hundred twenty-two infants 60 weeks or less postmenstrual age scheduled for herniorrhaphy under anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive RA (spinal, caudal epidural, or combined spinal caudal anesthetic) or GA with sevoflurane. The data of 339 infants, where spinal or combined spinal caudal anesthetic was attempted, were analyzed. Possible predictors of failure were assessed including patient factors, technique, experience of site and anesthetist, and type of local anesthetic.RA was sufficient for the completion of surgery in 83.2% of patients. Spinal anesthesia was successful in 86.9% of cases and combined spinal caudal anesthetic in 76.1%. Thirty-four patients required conversion to GA, and an additional 23 patients (6.8%) required brief sedation. Bloody tap on the first attempt at lumbar puncture was the only risk factor significantly associated with block failure (odds ratio = 2.46).The failure rate of spinal anesthesia was low. Variability in application of combined spinal caudal anesthetic limited attempts to compare the success of this technique to spinal alone.

The revolutionary development in digital theory and technology calls for non-trivial decisions in bridging between the virtual and real worlds. The field of conservation of cultural heritage thus provides various challenges, especially with regards to learning, study and investigation of tangible heritage through applications of intangible ICT technologies. This paper examines the interaction between e-learning, and the actual on-site learning and study of historic buildings and sites, with an emphasis on their visual characteristics. In this context, the paper presents some aspects of application of a methodology which allows basic documentation, monitoring and primary analysis of data on cultural (built) heritage sites by general public through educational process enabled by an e-learning platform., peer-reviewed

Summary In 1906 Giulio Aristide Sartorio created the pictorial cycle “The Poem of Human Life" for the Central Hall of the Venice Biennale. To complete the cycle (over 240 m2) in just nine months, he used a special painting technique: “a mixture of wax, mineral turpentine and oils”. This cycle has had a complicated history of conservation. A project involving conservation and maintenance is needed to access Sartorio’s paintings. The first step in the conservation project involves the study of the entire cycle to identify the materials and the painting techniques adopted by the artist and to understand the degradation processes present on the paintings. This knowledge makes it possible to suggest some general guidelines for the correct presentation of the cycle for public viewing in a museum. A priority is the prevention of future degradation processes, usually due to exhibition conditions themselves, including excessive exhibition stress. This research shows that any museum display project must consider the specific technical and material characteristics of the artworks prior to their exhibition. Riassunto Nel 1906 Aristide Sartorio dipinse il ciclo "Il poema della Vita Umana" per il Salone Centrale della Biennale di Venezia. Per completare il ciclo (di oltre 240 m2) in solamente nove mesi, egli ricorse ad una particolare tecnica pittorica: “ una mistura di cera, essenza di trementina e oli”. Questa opera attraversò complicate vicende conservative ed era necessario un progetto di conservazione e manutenzione per renderla visibile. Il primo passo per la stesura del progetto conservativo ha riguardato lo studio dell’intero ciclo per identificare i materiali e la tecnica pittorica adottata dall’artista e comprendere i processi di degrado in atto. Queste conoscenze danno la possibilità di suggerire delle linee guida generali per la corretta musealizzazione del ciclo, considerando prioritaria la prevenzione di futuri processi di degrado, generalmente legati alle condizioni di esposizione e stress correlati ad esse. Questa ricerca mostra che ogni progetto di musealizzazione deve considerare le specifiche caratteristiche tecniche dell’opera prima di prevederne l’esposizione. Résumé En 1906, Aristide Sartorio réalisa le cycle de peintures « Il poema della Vita Umana » (Le poème de la vie humaine) pour le Salon central de la Biennale de Venise. Pour compléter ce cycle de plus de 240 m2 en neuf mois seulement, il utilisa une technique picturale particulière, « un mélange de cire, essence de térébenthine et huiles ». Au niveau de la conservation, cette œuvre connut de nombreuses difficultés. Un projet de conservation et d’entretien était nécessaire pour la rendre visible. La première étape de la rédaction du projet de conservation fut l’étude de l’ensemble du cycle, pour identifier les matériaux et la technique picturale utilisée par l’artiste, et pour comprendre les processus de détérioration en cours. Les connaissances ainsi obtenues permettent de préconiser des lignes directrices générales pour la bonne muséalisation du cycle, la priorité étant la prévention des détériorations à venir, le plus souvent associées aux conditions d’exposition et aux sollicitations correspondantes. Cette recherche montre que tout projet de muséalisation doit considérer les caractéristiques techniques spécifiques de l’œuvre avant d’envisager son exposition. Zusammenfassung Im Jahr 1906 malte Aristide Sartorio den Zyklus "Il poema della Vita Umana" (etwa “Das Gedicht des menschlichen Lebens”) für den Zentralen Salon der Biennale von Venedig. Um diesen Zyklus (über 240 m² groß) in nur neun Monaten fertigstellen zu kennen, griff er auf eine besondere Maltechnik zurück: “ein Gemisch von Wachs, Terpentin und Ölen”. Dieses Werk unterlag komplizierten Konservierungsarbeiten und es war ein Projekt für die Konservierung und Instandhaltung notwendig, um es sichtbar zu machen. Der erste Schritt zur Erstellung dieses Konservierungsprojekts bestand im Studium des gesamten Zyklus, um die Materialien und die vom Künstler angewandte Maltechnik zu bestimmen und den eingetretenen Verrottungsprozess zu begreifen. Die Kenntnis dieser Faktoren bieten die Möglichkeit, allgemeine Leitlinien für die korrekte Musealisierung des Zyklus zu liefern, wobei als prioritär die Verhinderung zukünftiger Verrottungsprozesse betrachtet wurde, die generell mit den Ausstellungsbedingungen und der damit einhergehenden Belastung verbunden sind. Diese Forschungsarbeit bezeugt, dass jedes Musealisierungsprojekt die spezifischen technischen Merkmale des Werks berücksichtigen muss, bevor es ausgestellt werden kann. Resumen En 1906 Aristide Sartorio pintó el ciclo "Il poema della Vita Umana" (El poema de la Vida Humana) para el Salón Central de la Bienal de Venecia. Para completar el ciclo (de más de 240 m2) en tan solo nueve meses, el artista recurrió a una técnica pictórica particular: "una mezcla de cera, esencia de trementina y aceites". Esta obra atravesó complicadas vicisitudes por lo que se refiere a su conservación y un proyecto de conservación y mantenimiento era necesario para hacerla visible. El primer paso de la redacción del proyecto de conservación se ha centrado en el estudio del ciclo en su totalidad para identificar los materiales y la técnica pictórica adoptada por el artista y comprender los procesos de deterioro en marcha. Estos conocimientos brindan la posibilidad de sugerir algunos principios generales para musealizar el ciclo correctamente y se considera prioritaria la prevención de procesos de deterioro en el futuro, los cuales están generalmente relacionados con las condiciones de exposición y el estrés provocado por las mismas. Esta investigación muestra que todo proyecto de musealización debe tener en cuenta las características técnicas específicas de la obra antes de disponer su exposición. Резюме В 1906 году Аристид Сарторио создал цикл «Поэма человеческой жизни» для Центрального зала Венецианской Биеннале. Для завершения цикла (более 240 кв. м) всего лишь за девять месяцев он прибег к особой технике живописи: «смеси воска, скипидара и масла». Это произведение имело сложную историю с точки зрения его сохранения и нуждалось в проекте по сбережению и поддержанию, чтобы оставаться видимым. Первым шагом в создании проекта по сохранению явилось изучение всего цикла для определения материалов и техники живописи, принятых мастером, и выявить причины действующих процессов деградации. Эти знания позволяют дать общие указания для правильной музейной экспозиции цикла, отдавая приоритет предотвращению будущих процессов деградации, обычно связанных с условиями экспозиции и стресса, связанного с ними. Это исследование показывает, что любой проект музейной экспозиции при его подготовке должен учитывать специфические технические характеристики произведения. 摘要 于1906年Aristide Sartorio (阿里斯蒂德·萨尔托里奥)为威尼斯双年展的中心展厅画了"Il poema della Vita Umana(人生的诗歌)"一系列画。为了在9个月内完成此系列(240 多平方米大)，他使用了一种特别的画画技巧: “ 蜡、松节油精华和油类的混合物”。这幅作品经历了许多复杂的保留程序，当时为了展览它需要一种合适的保养与保存项目。 保存项目的第一步是通过整个系列的研究来识别画家采用的材料和作画技巧以及了解已开始的退化过程。这些研究的结果对于此系列画正确地展示在博物馆里提供了指导方针以及在预防退化过程的基础上，分析了与它有关的展示的条件。这个研究证明了每个博物馆展示项目在展示作品之前都应当考虑到有关作品的技术特点。, Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 13 (2013)

This article deals with the delicate relationship between young students and Archaeological Cultural Heritage. Normally, young people are not really attracted by those which consider as “just old stones". The reason lays in the fact that they are generally not taught and involved in a proper way to archaeology and Cultural Heritage. The Project ELAICH (Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage), a 3-year EU funded project (2009-2012), aimed to raise awareness of Cultural Heritage among young people through the development of all innovative educational approach. Besides traditional lectures, the ELAICH course included in fact the "intellectual in-situ work" focused on the study of selected archaeological sites. This paper takes into consideration two courses, held in Athens and in Malta during the ELAICH project, highlighting the direct involvement of young people in the study of the historical sites. in the understanding and in the appreciation of Archaeological Heritage., peer-reviewed

Regalzier is one of the most common types of plasterwork on medieval buildings in Venice until the 15th century but remained popular also during the next centuries in the north of Italy. Despite the widespread occurrence of this kind of finishing treatment, the information about the materials and the techniques used to create it is still scarce. For this reason and thanks to growing interest in traditional building construction techniques, a set of 21 samples were collected from a number of decorative elements and brick walls belonging to historical buildings of the 15th century in Venice. The samples were investigated by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Analysis (TG-DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. The results allowed the characterization of the materials, contributing to the knowledge of traditional building construction techniques. This information is also important when considering the choice of proper restoration treatments, according to the recent concepts of sustainability, compatibility and use of local materials. Riassunto Le decorazioni ad affresco, le stesure di intonaci a marmorino e il “regalizier” erano tra le più diffuse finiture delle superfici in laterizio che caratterizzavano l’edilizia medievale. A Venezia era particolarmente diffusa la tecnica di finitura a “regalzier”, di cui rimangono poche testimonianze e poche informazioni circa i materiali impiegati. Per questo, e grazie al crescente interesse verso le tecniche dell’edilizia tradizionale e locale, sono stati prelevati 21 campioni di “regalzier”, provenienti da elementi decorativi e murature in laterizio di edifici veneziani del XV secolo. I campioni sono stati caratterizzati con microscopia ottica ed elettronica (SEM-EDX), spettrofotometria FT-IR, analisi TG-DSC e spettroscopia Raman. I risultati ottenuti, oltre a contribuire alle conoscenze sui materiali e sulle tecniche dell’edilizia tradizionale veneziana, permettono di scegliere metodologie adeguate per la conservazione delle testimonianze di questi trattamenti, in accordo anche con il recente concetto di “restauro sostenibile”, in termini di compatibilità e utilizzo di materiali locali. Résumé Les décorations en fresque, les étalements de crépi marmorisé et le « regalzier » étaient parmi les finitions plus diffusées des surfaces en brique qui caractérisaient la construction médiévale. À Venise la technique de finition à « regalzier », dont il ne reste que peu de témoignages et peu d’informations quant aux matériaux employés, était particulièrement diffusée. Pour cette raison, et grâce au croissant intérêt vers les techniques de la construction traditionnelle et locale, 21 échantillons de « regalzier », provenant d’éléments décoratifs et de maçonneries en brique d’édifices vénitiens du XVème siècle, ont été prélevés. Les échantillons ont été caractérisés avec un micro-espion optique et électronique (SEM-EDX), une spectrophotométrie FT-IR, une analyse TG-DSC et une spectroscopie Raman. Les résultats obtenus, en plus de contribuer aux connaissances sur les matériaux et sur les techniques de la construction traditionnelle vénitienne, permettent de choisir des méthodologies adéquates à la conservation des témoignages de ces traitements, en accord aussi avec le récent concept de « restauration soutenable », en termes de compatibilité et d’utilisation de matériaux locaux. Zusammenfassung Freskenmalereien, der „Intonaco marmorino“ genannte und dem Marmor ähnliche Verputz sowie die Fugenmalerei „Regalzier“ zählten im Mittelalter zu den weit verbreitetsten Finishs von Ziegelflächen. In Venedig war insbesondere die „Realzier-Technik“ sehr verbreitet, von der es leider nur noch wenige Zeugnisse gibt. Aber auch zu den verwendeten Materialien liegen nur sehr spärliche Informationen vor. Aus besagtem Grund und dank des wachsenden Interesses für traditionelle sowie lokale Bautechniken wurden jetzt 21 von Dekorelementen und Ziegelmauern venezianischer Gebäude aus dem 15. Jh. stammende „Regalzier-Proben“ entnommen. Die Proben wurden auf der Grundlage der optischen und elektronischen Mikroskopie (SEM-EDX), der FT-IR-Spektrofotometrie, der TG-DSC-Analyse und der Raman-Spektroskopie gekennzeichnet. Die somit erzielten Ergebnisse tragen nicht nur zum Verständnis der im traditionellen venezianischen Bauwesen zur Anwendung gekommenen Materialien und Techniken bei, sondern ermöglichen es, in Übereinstimmung mit dem relativ neuen Konzept der die Kompatibilität und Verwendung lokaler Materialien umfassenden „nachhaltigen Restaurierung“, zweckmäßige Methoden zur Erhaltung derart behandelter Zeugnisse zu wählen. Resumen Las decoraciones al fresco, la aplicación de revoques con efecto “marmorino” y el “regalzier” eran algunos de los acabados más frecuentes para las superficies en ladrillos que caracterizaban la construcción medieval. En Venecia estaba muy difundida la técnica de acabado “regalzier”, de la cual quedan pocos ejemplos y escasas informaciones sobre los materiales utilizados. Para ello, y gracias al creciente interés por las técnicas de la construcción tradicional y local, se han sacado 21 muestras de “regalzier” procedentes de elementos decorativos y mamposterías en ladrillos de edificios venecianos del siglo XV. Las muestras han sido caracterizadas a través de la microscopía óptica y electrónica (SEM-EDX), la espectrofotometría FT-IR, el análisis TG-DSC y la espectroscopia Raman. Los resultados logrados, además de aumentar los conocimientos sobre los materiales y las técnicas de la construcción tradicional veneciana, permiten elegir metodologías adecuadas para la conservación de vestigios de estos tratamientos, en línea también con el reciente concepto de la “restauración sostenible”, desde el punto de vista de la compatibilidad y el uso de materiales locales., Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage; Vol 12 (2012); 313-331