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Crous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjevi, ��, Boers, J., Van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R., Morozova, O.V., Pinruan, U., Sommai, S., Alvarado, P., Decock, C.A., Lebel, T., McMullan-Fisher, S., Moreno, G., Shivas, R.G., Zhao, L., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abrinbana, M., Ageev, D.V., Akhmetova, G., Alexandrova, A.V., Alt��s, A., Amaral, A.G.G., Angelini, C., Anton��n, V., Arenas, F., Asselman, P., Badali, F., Baghela, A., Ba��ares, A., Barreto, R.W., Baseia, I.G., Bellanger, J.-M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Biketova, A. Yu., Bukharova, N.V., Burgess, T.I., Cabero, J., C��mara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Ceryngier, P., Ch��vez, R., Cowan, D.A., de Lima, A.F., Oliveira, R.L., Denman, S., Dang, Q.N., Dovana, F., Duarte, I.G., Eichmeier, A., Erhard, A., Esteve-Ravent��s, F., Fellin, A., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R.J., Ferrer, A., Finy, P., Gaya, E., Geering, A.D.W., Gil-Dur��n, C., Gl��ssnerov��, K., Glushakova, A.M., Gramaje, D., Guard, F.E., Guarnizo, A.L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R.E., Hill, R., Hirooka, Y., Hubka, V., Iliushin, V.A., Ivanova, D.D., Ivanushkina, N.E., Jangsantear, P., Justo, A., Kachalkin, A.V., Kato, S., Khamsuntorn, P., Kirtsideli, I.Y., Knapp, D.G., Kochkina, G.A., Koukol, O., Kov��cs, G.M., Kruse, J., Kumar, T.K.A., Ku��an, I., L��ss��e, T., Larsson, E., Lebeuf, R., Levic��n, G., Loizides, M., Marinho, P., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lukina, E.G., Maga��a-Due��as, V., Maggs-K��lling, G., Malysheva, E.F., Malysheva, V.F., Mart��n, B., Mart��n, M.P., Mato��ec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Me��i��, A., Miller, A.N., Mironova, P., Moreau, P.-A., Morte, A., M��ller, K., Nagy, L.G., Nanu, S., Navarro-R��denas, A., Nel, W.J., Nguyen, T.H., N��brega, T.F., Noordeloos, M.E., Olariaga, I., Overton, B.E., Ozerskaya, S.M., Palani, P., Pancorbo, F., Papp, V., Paw��owska, J., Pham, T.Q., Phosri, C., Popov, E.S., Portugal, A., Po��ta, A., Reschke, K., Reul, M., Ricci, G.M., Rodr��guez, A., Romanowski, J., Ruchikachorn, N., Saar, I., Safi, A., Sakolrak, B., Salzmann, F., Sandoval-Denis, M., Sangwichein, E., Sanhueza, L., Sato, T., Sastoque, A., Senn-Irlet, B., Shibata, A., Siepe, K., Somrithipol, S., Spetik, M., Sridhar, P., Stchigel, A.M., Stuskova, K., Suwannasai, N., Tan, Y.P., Thangavel, R., Tiago, I., Tiwari, S., Tkal��ec, Z., Tomashevskaya, M.A., Tonegawa, C., Tran, H.X., Tran, N.T., Trov��o, J., Trubitsyn, V.E., Van Wyk, J., Vieira, W.A.S., Vila, J., Visagie, C.M., Vizzini, A., Volobuev, S.V., Vu, D.T., Wangsawat, N., Yaguchi, T., Ercole, E., Ferreira, B.W., de Souza, A.P., Vieira, B.S., Groenewald, J.Z. 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Crous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjevi, Ž, Boers, J., Van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R., Morozova, O.V., Pinruan, U., Sommai, S., Alvarado, P., Decock, C.A., Lebel, T., McMullan-Fisher, S., Moreno, G., Shivas, R.G., Zhao, L., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abrinbana, M., Ageev, D.V., Akhmetova, G., Alexandrova, A.V., Altés, A., Amaral, A.G.G., Angelini, C., Antonín, V., Arenas, F., Asselman, P., Badali, F., Baghela, A., Bañares, A., Barreto, R.W., Baseia, I.G., Bellanger, J.-M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Biketova, A. Yu., Bukharova, N.V., Burgess, T.I., Cabero, J., Câmara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Ceryngier, P., Chávez, R., Cowan, D.A., de Lima, A.F., Oliveira, R.L., Denman, S., Dang, Q.N., Dovana, F., Duarte, I.G., Eichmeier, A., Erhard, A., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fellin, A., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R.J., Ferrer, A., Finy, P., Gaya, E., Geering, A.D.W., Gil-Durán, C., Glässnerová, K., Glushakova, A.M., Gramaje, D., Guard, F.E., Guarnizo, A.L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R.E., Hill, R., Hirooka, Y., Hubka, V., Iliushin, V.A., Ivanova, D.D., Ivanushkina, N.E., Jangsantear, P., Justo, A., Kachalkin, A.V., Kato, S., Khamsuntorn, P., Kirtsideli, I.Y., Knapp, D.G., Kochkina, G.A., Koukol, O., Kovács, G.M., Kruse, J., Kumar, T.K.A., Kušan, I., Læssøe, T., Larsson, E., Lebeuf, R., Levicán, G., Loizides, M., Marinho, P., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lukina, E.G., Magaña-Dueñas, V., Maggs-Kölling, G., Malysheva, E.F., Malysheva, V.F., Martín, B., Martín, M.P., Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Mešić, A., Miller, A.N., Mironova, P., Moreau, P.-A., Morte, A., Müller, K., Nagy, L.G., Nanu, S., Navarro-Ródenas, A., Nel, W.J., Nguyen, T.H., Nóbrega, T.F., Noordeloos, M.E., Olariaga, I., Overton, B.E., Ozerskaya, S.M., Palani, P., Pancorbo, F., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Pham, T.Q., Phosri, C., Popov, E.S., Portugal, A., Pošta, A., Reschke, K., Reul, M., Ricci, G.M., Rodríguez, A., Romanowski, J., Ruchikachorn, N., Saar, I., Safi, A., Sakolrak, B., Salzmann, F., Sandoval-Denis, M., Sangwichein, E., Sanhueza, L., Sato, T., Sastoque, A., Senn-Irlet, B., Shibata, A., Siepe, K., Somrithipol, S., Spetik, M., Sridhar, P., Stchigel, A.M., Stuskova, K., Suwannasai, N., Tan, Y.P., Thangavel, R., Tiago, I., Tiwari, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomashevskaya, M.A., Tonegawa, C., Tran, H.X., Tran, N.T., Trovão, J., Trubitsyn, V.E., Van Wyk, J., Vieira, W.A.S., Vila, J., Visagie, C.M., Vizzini, A., Volobuev, S.V., Vu, D.T., Wangsawat, N., Yaguchi, T., Ercole, E., Ferreira, B.W., de Souza, A.P., Vieira, B.S., Groenewald, J.Z. (2021): Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous, R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous sp. nov. Fungal Planet 47 (1): 310-311, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5856199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06

Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D.T. Vu, Sand.-Den. & Crous, sp. nov. Etymology. From chu���i, Vietnamese vernacular name for Musa spp., from which the ex-type strain was isolated. Classification ��� Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes. On SNA and CLA, sporulation abundant from aerial conidiophores and sporodochia. Aerial conidiophores erect or prostrate, copiously branching laterally and sympodially, giving rise to macro-, and rarely, microconidia; aerial conidiogenous cells mono- and polyphialidic, subulate to subcylindrical, smooth- and thin-walled, proliferating sympodially, 6.5���40.5 �� 2.5���4 ��m, with apical flared collarette and periclinal thickening; aerial conidia of two types: microconidia often produced on prostrate conidiophores, rarely on aerial mycelium, aggregating in false heads, ellipsoidal, subcylindrical to slightly falcate, 0 ���1-septate, 8���15 �� 2���29.5 ��m; macroconidia fusiform to falcate, straight to apically dorsiventrally curved, apex curved to pointed, base obtuse to papillate, 1���3-septate, smooth- and thin-walled; 1-septate conidia: (14���)18���27.5(���29.5) �� (2.5���)3���4 ��m (av. 22.8 �� 3.2 ��m); 2-septate conidia: 26���28.5 �� 3���4 ��m (av. 27.4 �� 3.6 ��m); 3-septate conidia: (28���)31.5���43(���50.5) �� 3���4 ��m (av. 37.3 �� 3.5 ��m). Sporodochia saffron, luteous to ochreous coloured (Rayner 1970), formed abundantly on the agar surface and carnation leaves under nuv. Conidiophores in sporodochia, densely and irregularly branched, bearing apical whorls of 2 ��� 4 monophialides; sporodochial monophialides subcylindrical, 10���26 �� 2.5���4.5 ��m, smooth- and thin-walled, with a distinct apical collarette. Sporodochial conidia (macroconidia) falcate, almost straight to gently curved, tapering at both ends, apex curved to blunt, base poorly- to well-developed foot-shaped, 1���6-septate, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled; 1-septate conidia: (14.5���)15���20.5(���24) �� 3���4.5 ��m (av. 17.9 �� 3.9 ��m); 2-septate conidia: 21.5���32 �� 3���4.5 ��m (av. 26.4 �� 3.5 ��m); 3-septate conidia: (33���)43���61(���71.5) �� (3���)4���5 ��m (av. 51.8 �� 4.2 ��m); 4-septate conidia: (50.5���)55���69(���74.5) �� 3.5���5 ��m (av. 62.3 �� 4.2 ��m); 5-septate conidia: 54 �� 4.5 ��m (rare); 6-septate conidia: (49.5���)56.5���71(���73) �� (3.5���)4���4.5(���5) ��m (av. 63.8 �� 4.3 ��m). Chlamydospores not observed. Culture characteristics ��� Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and oatmeal agar (OA) growing in the dark at 24 �� C covering and entire 9 cm Petri dish in 7 d. Colony surface peach to vinaceous, flat, velvety to felty with abundant floccose aerial mycelium forming concentric rings; colony margins undulate. Reverse flesh to salmon with diffuse coral to brick pigment throughout the medium. Typus. VIETNAM, H�� Tĩnh Province, H����ng S��n District,S��n Kim commune, N18��25'37.38" E105��12'53.95", inside seed of Musa itinerans (Musaceae), 9 Nov. 2014, D.M. Thu, L.T. Phong & T.T. Duong, isol. R. Hill (holotype CBS H-24901,culture ex-type CBS 148464; ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank OK586454, OK586452, OK626304, OK626306, OK626302, OK626308 and OK626310, MycoBank MB 841865). Colour illustrations. Flowers, fruits, leaves and seeds of Musa itinerans (background photo by D. T. Vu); from top to bottom and left to right: colony on PDA after 14 d at 24 �� C in darkness (left = obverse,right = reverse), sporodochia formed on CLA,aerial conidiophore,aerial conidiogenous cells,aerial conidia, sporodochial conidia. Scale bars: black = 20 ��m, white = 10 ��m. Additional material examined. VIETNAM, Ngh��� An Province, Con Cu��ng District, Ch��u Kh�� commune, N19��1'48.73" E104��43'31.97", inside seed of M. itinerans, 18 Nov. 2014, L.T. Phong, V.V. Tung & T.T. Duong, isol. R. Hill (culture CBS 148465; ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank OK586455, OK586453, OK626305, OK626307, OK626303, OK626309 and OK626311). Notes ��� Fusarium chuoi resides in the Asian clade of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC: O���Donnell et al. 1998, Yilmaz et al. 2021, Crous et al. 2021b). Based on nucleotide searches using the Fusarium Pairwise ID engine on the Fusarioid-ID database (www.fusarium.org, Crous et al. 2021) the closest hit using the ITS sequence was Fusarium siculi (strain CBS 142422; identities = 449/450 (99 %), no gaps). The closest hit using the LSU sequence was F. siculi (strain CBS 142422; identities = 804/805 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the cmdA sequence was Fusarium fractiflexum (strain NRRL 28852; identities = 426/434 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the rpb1 sequence was F. fujikuroi (strain NRRL 13566; identities = 687/702 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the rpb2 sequence was Fusarium globosum (strain CBS 428.97; identities = 856/867 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hit using the tef1 sequence was F. fractiflexum (strain NRRL 28852; identities = 619/643 (96 %), 2 gaps (0.3 %)). The phylogenetic results, however, showed that F. chuoi is not directly related to any of the previously described species of FFSC (see Suppl. material FP1353), clustering as the second basal-most species of that clade after F. sacchari. Asian Fusarium spp. in the FFSC are characterised by mono-and polyphialides producing oval to ellipsoid, rarely pyriform to globose (i.e., F. annulatum, F. fujikuroi and F. globosum) microconidia organized in chains or false heads; 3���5-septate sporodochial conidia and lacking chlamydospores. The elaborate, profusely branched aerial conidiophores of F. chuoi are comparable to those of F. concentricum, F. lumajangense, F. mangiferae and F. sacchari, all the latter species producing oval, ellipsoidal to allantoid microconidia on false heads.Aerial conidiophores of F. chuoi, however, mostly produce macroconidia, while microconidia grouped on false heads are restricted to short, mostly unbranched and prostrate conidiophores formed on the surface on the culture media. Several Asian species of the FFSC have been reported from Musa spp. i.e., F. annulatum, F. concentricum, F. fujikuroi, F. lumajangense and F. sacchari (Leslie & Summerell 2006, Maryani et al. 2019, Farr & Rossman 2021). The two strains representing F. chuoi were isolated as endophytes from asymptomatic seeds of wild banana (Musa itinerans), which had been collected predispersal and stored in the Millennium Seed Bank for ~2.5 years at -20 �� C prior to isolation. Supplementary material FP1353 Phylogenetic tree., Published as part of Crous, P. W., Osieck, E. R., Jurjevi, ��, Boers, J., Van Iperen, A. L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T. S., Johnston, P. R., Morozova, O. V., Pinruan, U., Sommai, S., Alvarado, P., Decock, C. A., Lebel, T., McMullan-Fisher, S., Moreno, G., Shivas, R. G., Zhao, L., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abrinbana, M., Ageev, D. V., Akhmetova, G., Alexandrova, A. V., Alt��s, A., Amaral, A. G. G., Angelini, C., Anton��n, V., Arenas, F., Asselman, P., Badali, F., Baghela, A., Ba��ares, A., Barreto, R. W., Baseia, I. G., Bellanger, J. - M., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Biketova, A. Yu., Bukharova, N. V., Burgess, T. I., Cabero, J., C��mara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Ceryngier, P., Ch��vez, R., Cowan, D. A., de Lima, A. F., Oliveira, R. L., Denman, S., Dang, Q. N., Dovana, F., Duarte, I. G., Eichmeier, A., Erhard, A., Esteve-Ravent��s, F., Fellin, A., Ferisin, G., Ferreira, R. J., Ferrer, A., Finy, P., Gaya, E., Geering, A. D. W., Gil-Dur��n, C., Gl��ssnerov��, K., Glushakova, A. M., Gramaje, D., Guard, F. E., Guarnizo, A. L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R. E., Hill, R., Hirooka, Y., Hubka, V., Iliushin, V. A., Ivanova, D. D., Ivanushkina, N. E., Jangsantear, P., Justo, A., Kachalkin, A. V., Kato, S., Khamsuntorn, P., Kirtsideli, I. Y., Knapp, D. G., Kochkina, G. A., Koukol, O., Kov��cs, G. M., Kruse, J., Kumar, T. K. A., Ku��an, I., L��ss��e, T., Larsson, E., Lebeuf, R., Levic��n, G., Loizides, M., Marinho, P., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lukina, E. G., Maga��a-Due��as, V., Maggs-K��lling, G., Malysheva, E. F., Malysheva, V. F., Mart��n, B., Mart��n, M. P., Mato��ec, N., McTaggart, A. R., Mehrabi-Koushki, M., Me��i��, A., Miller, A. N., Mironova, P., Moreau, P. - A., Morte, A., M��ller, K., Nagy, L. G., Nanu, S., Navarro-R��denas, A., Nel, W. J., Nguyen, T. H., N��brega, T. F., Noordeloos, M. E., Olariaga, I., Overton, B. E., Ozerskaya, S. M., Palani, P., Pancorbo, F., Papp, V., Paw��owska, J., Pham, T. Q., Phosri, C., Popov, E. S., Portugal, A., Po��ta, A., Reschke, K., Reul, M., Ricci, G. M., Rodr��guez, A., Romanowski, J., Ruchikachorn, N., Saar, I., Safi, A., Sakolrak, B., Salzmann, F., Sandoval-Denis, M., Sangwichein, E., Sanhueza, L., Sato, T., Sastoque, A., Senn-Irlet, B., Shibata, A., Siepe, K., Somrithipol, S., Spetik, M., Sridhar, P., Stchigel, A. M., Stuskova, K., Suwannasai, N., Tan, Y. P., Thangavel, R., Tiago, I., Tiwari, S., Tkal��ec, Z., Tomashevskaya, M. A., Tonegawa, C., Tran, H. X., Tran, N. T., Trov��o, J., Trubitsyn, V. E., Van Wyk, J., Vieira, W. A. S., Vila, J., Visagie, C. M., Vizzini, A., Volobuev, S. V., Vu, D. T., Wangsawat, N., Yaguchi, T., Ercole, E., Ferreira, B. W., de Souza, A. P., Vieira, B. S. & Groenewald, J. Z., 2021, Fusarium chuoi R. Hill, Gaya, D. T. Vu, Sand. - Den. & Crous, R. Hill, Gaya, D. T. Vu, Sand. - Den. & Crous sp. nov., pp. 310-311 in Fungal Planet 47 (1) on page 311, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5856199, {"references":["Rayner RW. 1970. A Mycological Colour Chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew and British Mycological Society.","O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Nirenberg H. 1998. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Mycologia 90: 465 - 493.","Yilmaz N, Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, et al. 2021. Redefining species limits in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Persoonia 46: 129 - 162.","Crous PW, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, et al. 2021 b. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Studies in Mycology 98: 100116.","Crous PW, Cowan DA, Maggs-Kolling G, et al. 2021 a. Fungal Planet descrip- tion sheets: 1182 - 1283. Persoonia 46: 313 - 528.","Leslie JF, Summerell BA. 2006. 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Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antartica, Cladosporium austrolitorale from coastal sea sand. Australia, Austroboletus yourkae on soil, Crepidotus innuopurpureus on dead wood, Curvularia stenotaphri from roots and leaves of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Thecaphora stajsicii from capsules of Oxalis radicosa. Belgium, Paraxerochrysium coryli (incl. Paraxerochrysium gen. nov.) from Corylus avellana. Brazil, Calvatia nordestina on soil, Didymella tabebuiicola from leaf spots on Tabebuia aurea, Fusarium subflagellisporum from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of Mangifera indica and Microdochium maculosum from living leaves of Digitaria insularis. Canada, Cuphophyllus bondii fromagrassland. Croatia, Mollisia inferiseptata from a rotten Laurus nobilis trunk. Cyprus, Amanita exilis oncalcareoussoil. Czech Republic, Cytospora hippophaicola from wood of symptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum. Denmark, Lasiosphaeria deviata on pieces of wood and herbaceousdebris. Dominican Republic, Calocybella goethei among grass on a lawn. France (Corsica) , Inocybe corsica onwetground. France (French Guiana) , Trechispora patawaensis on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and Trechispora subregularis on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. [...], P.R. Johnston thanks J. Sullivan (Lincoln University) for the habitat image of Kowai Bush, Duckchul Park (Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research) for the DNA sequencing, and the New Zealand Department of Conservation for permission to collect the specimens; this research was supported through the Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Biota Portfolio with funding from the Science and Innovation Group of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. V. Hubka was supported by the Czech Ministry of Health (grant number NU21-05-00681), and is grateful for the support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science – grant-in-aid for JSPS research fellow (grant no. 20F20772). K. Glässnerová was supported by the Charles University Grant Agency (grant No. GAUK 140520). J. Trovão and colleagues were financed by FEDERFundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), and by Portuguese funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-PTDC/ EPH-PAT/3345/2014. This work was carried out at the R&D Unit Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet (CFE), with reference UIDB/04004/2020, financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). J. Trovão was also supported by POCH – Programa Operacional Capital Humano (co-funding by the European Social Fund and national funding by MCTES), through a ‘FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia’ PhD research grant (SFRH/BD/132523/2017). D. Haelewaters acknowledges support from the Research Foundation – Flanders (Junior Postdoctoral Fellowship 1206620N). M. Loizides and colleagues are grateful to Y. Cherniavsky for contributing collections AB A12-058-1 and AB A12- 058-2, and Á. Kovács and B. Kiss for their help with molecular studies of these specimens. C. Zmuda is thanked for assisting with the collection of ladybird specimens infected with Hesperomyces parexochomi. A.V. Kachalkin and colleagues were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 19-74-10002). The study of A.M. Glushakova was carried out as part of the Scientific Project of the State Order of the Government of Russian Federation to Lomonosov Moscow State University No. 121040800174-6. S. Nanu acknowledges the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) for granting a research fellowship and is grateful to the Chief Conservator of Forests and Wildlife for giving permission to collect fungal samples. A. Bañares and colleagues thank L. Monje and A. Pueblas of the Department of Drawing and Scientific Photography at the University of Alcalá for their help in the digital preparation of the photographs, and J. Rejos, curator of the AH herbarium for his assistance with the specimens examined in the present study. The research of V. Antonín received institutional support for long-term conceptual development of research institutions provided by the Ministry of Culture (Moravian Museum, ref. MK000094862). The studies of E.F. Malysheva, V.F. Malysheva, O.V. Morozova, and S.V. Volobuev were carried out within the framework of a research project of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, St Petersburg, Russia (АААА-А18-118022090078-2) using equipment of its Core Facility Centre ‘Cell and Molecular Technologies in Plant Science’.The study of A.V. Alexandrova was carried out as part of the Scientific Project of the State Order of the Government of Russian Federation to Lomonosov Moscow State University No. 121032300081-7. The Kits van Waveren Foundation (Rijksherbariumfonds Dr E. Kits van Waveren, Leiden, Netherlands) contributed substantially to the costs of sequencing and travelling expenses for M.E. Noordeloos. The work of B. Dima was partly supported by the ÚNKP- 20-4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund. The work of L. Nagy was supported by the ‘Momentum’ program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (contract No. LP2019- 13/2019 to L.G.N.). G.A. Kochkina and colleagues acknowledge N. Demidov for the background photograph, and N. Suzina for the SEM photomicrograph. The research of C.M. Visagie and W.J. Nel was supported by the National Research Foundation grant no 118924 and SFH170610239162. C. Gil-Durán acknowledges Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación, Gobierno de Chile, for grant ANID – Fondecyt de Postdoctorado 2021 – N° 3210135. R. Chávez and G. Levicán thank DICYT-USACH and acknowledges the grants INACH RG_03-14 and INACH RT_31-16 from the Chilean Antarctic Institute, respectively. S. Tiwari and A. Baghela would like to acknowledge R. Avchar and K. Balasubramanian from the Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra for helping with the termite collection. S. Tiwari is also thankful to the University Grants Commission, Delhi (India) for a junior research fellowship (827/(CSIR-UGC NET DEC.2017)). R. Lebeuf and I. Saar thank D. and H. Spencer for collecting and photographing the holotype of C. bondii, and R. Smith for photographing the habitat. A. Voitk is thanked for helping with the colour plate and review of the manuscript, and the Foray Newfoundland and Labrador for providing the paratype material. I. Saar was supported by the Estonian Research Council (grant PRG1170) and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). M.P.S. Câmara acknowledges the ‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq’ for the research productivity fellowship, and financial support (Universal number 408724/2018-8). W.A.S. Vieira acknowledges the ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Ensino Superior – CAPES’ and the ‘Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado/CAPES – PNPD/CAPES’ for the postdoctoral fellowship. A.G.G. Amaral acknowledges CNPq, and A.F. Lima and I.G. Duarte acknowledge CAPES for the doctorate fellowships. F. Esteve-Raventós and colleagues were financially supported by FEDER/ Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades – Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain)/ Project CGL2017-86540-P. The authors would like to thank L. Hugot and N. Suberbielle (Conservatoire Botanique National de Corse, Office de l’Environnement de la Corse, Corti) for their help. The research of E. Larsson is supported by The Swedish Taxonomy Initiative, SLU Artdatabanken, Uppsala. Financial support was provided to R.J. Ferreira by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and to I.G. Baseia, P.S.M. Lúcio and M.P. Martín by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) under CNPq-Universal 2016 (409960/2016-0) and CNPq-visiting researcher (407474/2013-7). J. Cabero and colleagues wish to acknowledge A. Rodríguez for his help to describe Genea zamorana, as well as H. Hernández for sharing information about the vegetation of the type locality. S. McMullan-Fisher and colleagues acknowledge K. Syme (assistance with illustrations), J. Kellermann (translations), M. Barrett (collection, images and sequences), T. Lohmeyer (collection and images) and N. Karunajeewa (for prompt accessioning). This research was supported through funding from Australian Biological Resources Study grant (TTC217-06) to the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. The research of M. Spetik and co-authors was supported by project No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0 /16_017/0002334. N. Wangsawat and colleagues were partially supported by NRCT and the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. programme, grant number PHD/0218/2559. They are thankful to M. Kamsook for the photograph of the Phu Khiao Wildlife Sanctuary and P. Thamvithayakorn for phylogenetic illustrations. The study by N.T. Tran and colleagues was funded by Hort Innovation (Grant TU19000). They also thank the turf growers who supported their surveys and specimen collection. N. Matočec, I. Kušan, A. Pošta, Z. Tkalčec and A. Mešić thank the Croatian Science Foundation for their financial support under the project grant HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736 (ForFungiDNA). A. Pošta thanks the Croatian Science Foundation for their support under the grant HRZZ-2018-09-7081. A. Morte is grateful to Fundación Séneca – Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (20866/ PI/18) for financial support. The research of G. Akhmetova, G.M. Kovács, B. Dima and D.G. Knapp was supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary (NKFIH KH-130401 and K-139026), the ELTE Thematic Excellence Program 2020 supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (TKP2020-IKA-05) and the Stipendium Hungaricum Programme. The support of the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Bolyai+ New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology to D.G. Knapp is highly appreciated. F.E. Guard and colleagues are grateful to the traditional owners, the Jirrbal and Warungu people, as well as L. and P. Hales, Reserve Managers, of the Yourka Bush Heritage Reserve. Their generosity, guidance, and the opportunity to explore the Bush Heritage Reserve on the Einasleigh Uplands in far north Queensland is greatly appreciated. The National Science Foundation (USA) provided funds (DBI#1828479) to the New York Botanical Garden for a scanning electron microscope used for imaging the spores. V. Papp was supported by the ÚNKP-21-5 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary. A.N. Miller thanks the WM Keck Center at the University of Illinois Urbana – Champaign for sequencing Lasiosphaeria deviata. J. Pawłowska acknowledges support form National Science Centre, Poland (grant Opus 13 no 2017/25/B/NZ8/00473). The research of T.S. Bulgakov was carried out as part of the State Research Task of the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Theme No. 0492-2021- 0007). K. Bensch (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht) is thanked for correcting the spelling of various Latin epithets.