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1. OWL-Moon: Very high resolution spectropolarimetric interferometry and imaging from the Moon: exoplanets to cosmology

Author

Jean Schneider, Joseph Silk, and Farrokh Vakili

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We outline a concept for OWL-Moon, a 50-100m aperture telescope located on the surface of the Moon, to address three major areas in astronomy, namely the detection of biosignatures on habitable exoplanets, the geophysics of exoplanets, and cosmology. Such a large lunar telescope, when coupled with large Earth-based telescopes, would allow Intensity Interferometric measurements, leading to pico-arcsecond angular resolution. This would have applications in many areas of astronomy and is timely in light of the renewed interest of space agencies in returning to the Moon., Comment: Accepted in Experimental Astronomy. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.02080

Published
2022

2. Interstellar Now! Missions to Explore Nearby Interstellar Objects

Author

Manasvi Lingam, Dan Fries, Nikolaos Perakis, Bernd Dachwald, Adam Hibberd, Pierre Kervella, Andreas M. Hein, T. Marshall Eubanks, Robert G. Kennedy, and Jean Schneider

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Solar System, Spacecraft, Computer science, business.industry, Rendezvous, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Object (philosophy), Galaxy, Isotopic composition, Astrobiology, Chemical evolution, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The recently discovered first hyperbolic objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/’Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, have raised the question about near term missions to Interstellar Objects. In situ spacecraft exploration of these objects will allow the direct determination of both their structure and their chemical and isotopic composition, enabling an entirely new way of studying small bodies from outside our solar system. In this paper, we map various Interstellar Object classes to mission types, demonstrating that missions to a range of Interstellar Object classes are feasible, using existing or near-term technology. We describe flyby, rendezvous and sample return missions to interstellar objects, showing various ways to explore these bodies characterizing their surface, dynamics, structure and composition. Their direct exploration will constrain their formation and history, situating them within the dynamical and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. These mission types also provide the opportunity to explore solar system bodies and perform measurements in the far outer solar system.

Published
2022

3. Investigation of particle laden gravity currents using the light attenuation technique

Author

Jean Schneider, Yvan Dossmann, Olivier Farges, Matthieu Régnier, and Sébastien Kiesgen de Richter

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Mechanics of Materials, Computational Mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

An extensional use of the light attenuation technique is described to study the dynamics of particleladen flows. The method is validated against an analytical absorption/scattering model. It is then applied to particle laden gravity currents (PLGCs) and provides access to quantitative measurements of the particle mass fraction field. The influence of particle concentration on the turbulent dynamics of the flow and thefront velocity are evaluated and discussed. In all experiments heterogeneities in the particle distribution are measured, with the maximum particle concentration in the PLGC front and intermediate particle concentra-tion at the turbulent interface. The results highlight two regimes. In the dilute case, particles have no mea-surable impact on the turbulent structures observed inthe flow nor on the bulk velocity. Particle sedimentation occurs due to mixing between the carrier and surrounding fluids. In the dense case, turbulent structures strongly weaken and the bulk velocity of the PLGC quantitatively decreases as the effective flow viscosity grows.

Published
2023

4. Lunar or space-based hypertelescope for direct high-resolution imaging

Author

Denis Mourard, Jean Schneider, Antoine Labeyrie, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resolution (electron density), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Potentially hazardous object, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), Tracking (particle physics), USable, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Pathfinder, Space and Planetary Science, Limiting magnitude, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing
Abstract

Following the testing of a pathfinder hypertelescope in the southern Alps, versions usable on the Moon or in space are proposed. The large resolution gain expected for direct imaging in a narrow “Direct Imaging Field”, with a high limiting magnitude, is of interest for many astrophysical targets and for searching for exolife on nearby exoplanets. The much larger field-of-view obtainable with multi-field focal optics, for full-sky coverage in a few days of scanning, is suitable for searching, detecting, and tracking Potentially Hazardous Asteroids with a cluster of hypertelescopes.

Published
2021

5. Quantum correlations at earth-moon distance

Author

Jean Schneider

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Photon detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Time resolution, Polarimeter, 01 natural sciences, Outcome (probability), Space and Planetary Science, Bell's theorem, Picosecond, Quantum mechanics, Temporal resolution, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Quantum
Abstract

Standard Quantum Physics states that the outcome of measurements for some distant entangled subsystems is instantaneously statistically correlated, whatever their mutual distance. This correlation presents itself as if there were a correlation at a distance with infinite speed. It is expressed by the Bell Theorem and has been experimentally verified over distances up to 1200 km (Yin et al. [14]) with a time resolution of a few picoseconds, which can be translated into an apparent effective correlation speed larger than 107c. The purpose of the present White Paper is to discuss the scientific interest and the feasibility to extend the correlation distance up to the Earth-Moon distance, i.e. $$2\times {10}^{4}$$ times larger than in present experiments. We are thus led to propose to install on the Moon a polarimeter and a high performance photon detector with a high temporal resolution. Such an exploratory experiment would provide new tests of Quantum Physics and could perhaps discriminate between standard Quantum Physics and, for instance, the Bohmian theory.

Published
2021

6. Particle Laden Gravity Currents dynamics in highconcentration regimes

Author

Jean Schneider, Yvan Dossmann, Mickaël Delcey, Yoann Cheny, and Sébastien Kiesgen De Richter

Abstract

LEMTA - UMR 7563 CNRS-UL - Universite de Lorraine, Nancy, FranceParticle-laden gravity currents (PLGC) are commonly found in estuarieswhere rivers discharge suspended matters into the oceans. The dynamics ofthese stratified flow is largely related to the properties of the suspended particles, such as their geometry, concentration, and particles size. While severalstudies have focused on low concentration regimes (e.g. [1]), the physical mechanisms controlled by particle size and concentration are largely unknown forvolume fraction larger than 2 %.In order to investigate how the dynamics of PLGC is influenced by particleconcentration and particle size in high concentration regimes, we study the impact of different particle sizes ranging from 6µm to 85µm.The experimental lock-release device is composed of a tilted tank at a controlled angle in which a particle loaded fluid is released on an environment witha controlled density. A particular focus is put on hypopycnal freshwater currents with high concentration suspended particles advancing through a heavierenvironment. We follow the progress of the current with a high frequency CCDcamera. Quantitative data can then be determined using optical methods suchas Light Attenuation Technique which is extended to multiphase flows.Different flow regimes are observed depending on the concentration range andparticle size. These regimes highlight the competition between advective transport controlled by density difference and convective sedimentation. Indeed fourmechanisms are observed in these regimes, respectively horizontal advection atthe surface, sedimentation, advection parallel to the tank bottom, and particlerise of due to buoyancy effects of the surrounding fluid.References[1] Bruce R. Sutherland et al. “Particle settling from constant-flux surfacegravity currents and a near-stationary particle-bearing layer”. In: PhysicalReview Fluids 6.6 (June 10, 2021). Publisher: American Physical Society,p. 063802. doi: 10 . 1103 / PhysRevFluids . 6 . 063802. url: https : / /link . aps . org / doi / 10 . 1103 / PhysRevFluids . 6 . 063802 (visited on10/25/2021)

Published
2022

7. Present and Future Detection of Terrestrial Biomarkers on Earthshine

Author

Danielle Briot, Jean Schneider, Stéphane Jacquemoud, Luc Arnold, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102))

Subjects
Earthshine, Spectral signature, Vegetation, Red edge, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Earth, Albedo, Astrobiology, Exoplanet, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Extraterrestrial life, Environmental science, Moon, Remote sensing
Abstract

In the context of life detection on terrestrial exoplanets, new methods of search for spectral signatures of chlorophyll and other biomarkers in the Earthshine have been developed in the last few decades. Astronomical observations made at OHP and ESO (NTT) showed a significant signal when continents are facing the Moon. This signal, called the Vegetation Red Edge (VRE), is undoubtedly due to chlorophyll absorption properties. In order to strengthen these results, the LUCAS (LUmière Cendrée en Antarctique par Spectroscopie) project dedicated to the measurement of the Earthshine from the Concordia Research Station (C Dome, Antarctica) has been set up. One of the objectives of LUCAS was to observe prolonged variations of the VRE corresponding to various parts of the Earth facing the Moon. An extension of this project, called LUCAS II, would allow long-term observations to detect seasonal variations of the vegetation signal. These data, together with accurate measurements of the Earth's albedo, will help validate a model of global and spectral albedo of our planet.

Published
2022

8. OWL-Moon in 2050 and beyond

Author

Joseph Silk, Jean Schneider, and Farrokh Vakili

Subjects
General Mathematics, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Engineering, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Exoplanet, Geology, Cosmology, Physics::Geophysics, Astrobiology
Abstract

We address three major questions in astronomy, namely the detection of biosignatures on habitable exoplanets, the geophysics of exoplanets and cosmology. To achieve this goal, two requirements are needed: (i) a very large aperture to detect spectro-polarimetric and spatial features of faint objects such as exoplanets, (ii) continuous monitoring to characterize the temporal behaviour of exoplanets such as rotation period, meteorology and seasons. An Earth-based telescope is not suited for continuous monitoring and the atmosphere limits the ultimate angular resolution and spectro-polarimetrical domain. Moreover, a space telescope in orbit is limited in aperture, to perhaps 15 m over many decades. This is why we propose an OWL-class lunar telescope with a 50–100 m aperture for visible and IR astronomy, based on ESO's Overwhelmingly Large Telescope concept, unachievable on Earth for technical issues such as wind stress that are not relevant for a lunar platform. It will be installed near the south pole of the Moon to allow continuous target monitoring. The low gravity of the Moon will facilitate its building and manoeuvring, compared to Earth-based telescopes. We introduce a new original idea: such a large lunar telescope will allow Intensity Interferometric measurements when coupled with large Earth-based telescopes, leading to picosecond angular resolution. Rather than going into all details, our objective is essentially to inject new ideas and give a kind of roadmap. In particular, the choice of a final location will have to find a compromise between the cool temperature of craters at the Moon South Pole and the visibility of Earth for some science objectives.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades’.

Published
2020

11. Interstellar Now! Missions to and Sample Returns from Nearby Interstellar Objects

Author

Adam Hibberd, Bernd Dachwald, Robert G. Kennedy, Manasvi Lingam, Dan Fries, Pierre Kervella, T. Marshall Eubanks, Andreas M. Hein, Nikolaos Perakis, and Jean Schneider

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Environmental science, Astronomy, Sample (statistics), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The recently discovered first high velocity hyperbolic objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, have raised the question about near term missions to Interstellar Objects. In situ spacecraft exploration of these objects will allow the direct determination of both their structure and their chemical and isotopic composition, enabling an entirely new way of studying small bodies from outside our solar system. In this paper, we map various Interstellar Object classes to mission types, demonstrating that missions to a range of Interstellar Object classes are feasible, using existing or near-term technology. We describe flyby, rendezvous and sample return missions to interstellar objects, showing various ways to explore these bodies characterizing their surface, dynamics, structure and composition. Interstellar objects likely formed very far from the solar system in both time and space; their direct exploration will constrain their formation and history, situating them within the dynamical and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. These mission types also provide the opportunity to explore solar system bodies and perform measurements in the far outer solar system.

Published
2020

12. Chilblains is a common cutaneous finding during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective nationwide study from France

Author

Adèle de Masson, Jean-David Bouaziz, Luc Sulimovic, Charles Cassius, Marie Jachiet, Marius-Anton Ionescu, Michel Rybojad, Martine Bagot, Tu-Anh Duong, Dominique Denjean, Marie-Pierre Labarthe, Maud Bézier, Marie Risbourg, Geneviève Payan, Sabrina Alain, Frédéric Mathivon, Anny Cohen-Letessier, Delphine Kerob, Jean-Philippe Hellier, Christelle Comte, Fabielle Keller, Caroline Brue, Paul Lestang, Laurence Allanore, Eliane Pierkarski-Carp, Anne Amoric, Hervé Serpier, Philippe Pruvost, Fabien Guibal, Damien Giacchero, Elisa Funck-Brentano, Sandrine Sierra Fortuny, Isabelle Gallay, Agnès Zavarro, Caroline Bider-Valle, Sylvie Lagrange, Etty Grynberg, Florence Weill, Dominique Penso, Marie Gomel, Jean Schneider, Anne Larabelle, Philippe Bonhomme, Marie-Sophie Gautier, Jean Hatchuel, Imane Mourtada, Charlotte Fite, Catherine Oliveres-Ghouti, Elisabeth Domergue, Sabrina Fourcade-Roch, Sylvie Lecanu, Nathalie Sebban, Bruno Halioua, Anne Bellut, Fabienne Keller, Isabelle Baratte, Françoise Lejoyeux, Laurence Ollivaud, Georges Abirached, Marielle Burnouf, Beatrix Reynayd-Mendel, Jean-Noël Dauendorffer, Joëlle Sebaoun, Hervé Garrat, Marie-Martine Pomper, Anne-Marie Heudes, Isabelle Beaulieu, Hugues Cartier, Amélie Arsouze, Dominique Lons-Danic, Michèle Pelletier, Valérie Gallais, Valérie Piantade, Marlène Risbourg, Georges Reuter, Serge Dahan, Murielle Creusot, Abdallah Kolli, Isabelle Egasse-Broca, Jean-Luc Rigon, Pascale Sabban, Hélène Flacher, Benoît Jaillard, Pierre André, Dominique Debjoux, Elodie Poirier, Bénédicte Solyga, Marc Perrussel, Sabrina Makhloufi, Bertrand Margnier, Clotilde Huzar, Laetitia Vandame, Hortense Thelu, Anne-Claire Chollet, Frédérique Marchal, Michael Naouri, Marion Nadaud, Elodie Boissy, Abdelhamid Lameche, Charles Berdougo, Audrey Rolland, Marie-Laure Fléchet, Gabriel Colonna, Delphine Jouannet, Isabelle Berdah, Françoise Truchot, Isabelle Lavallée, Immunologie humaine, physiopathologie & immunothérapie (HIPI (UMR_S_976 / U976)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pneumonia, Viral, Dermatology, Article, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Child, Chilblains, Pandemics, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Child, Preschool, Female, France, Coronavirus Infections, business
Published
2020
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13. Exobodies in Our Back Yard: Science from Missions to Nearby Interstellar Objects

Author

Adam Hibberd, Andreas M. Hein, Robert G. Kennedy, Jean Schneider, and Thomas Marshall Eubanks

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Engineering, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrobiology, Yard, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The recent discovery of the first confirmed Interstellar Objects (ISOs) passing through the Solar System on clearly hyperbolic objects opens the potential for near term ISO missions, either to the two known objects, or to similar objects found in the future. Such ISOs are the only exobodies we have a chance of accessing directly in the near future. This White Paper focuses on the science possible from in situ spacecraft exploration of nearby ISOs. Such spacecraft missions are technically possible now and are suitable potential missions in the period covered by the 2023-2032 Decadal Survey. Spacecraft missions can determine the structure and the chemical and isotopic composition of ISO in a close flyby coupled with a small sub-probe impactor and either a mass spectrometer or a high resolution UV spectrometer; this technology will also be useful for fast missions to TransNeptune Objects (TNOs) and long period comets. ISO exploration holds the potential of providing considerable improvements in our knowledge of galactic evolution, of planetary formation, and of the cycling of astrobiologically important materials through the galaxy., Science White Paper submitted to the 2023-2032 Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey

Published
2020

14. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission

Author

D. Rouan, Davide Gandolfi, Aldo S. Bonomo, François Bouchy, S. C. C. Barros, Eike W. Guenther, Anders Erikson, Heike Rauer, O. L. Creevey, M. Pätzold, M. Fridlund, Tsevi Mazeh, Suzanne Aigrain, Jean Schneider, Hans J. Deeg, Günther Wuchterl, A. Baglin, Peter Klagyivik, Sz. Csizmadia, Sascha Grziwa, M. Deleuil, Hannu Parviainen, A. P. Hatzes, Guillaume Hébrard, J. Cabrera, Marc Ollivier, Pascal Bordé, J. M. Almenara, Cilia Damiani, T. Guillot, Alexandre Santerne, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Roi Alonso, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics, University of Exeter, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Tel Aviv University (TAU)-Tel Aviv University (TAU), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Extrasolare Planeten und Atmosphären, Metallicity, Population, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, planetary systems / stars: fundamental parameters / stars: individual: CoRoT-30 / stars: individual: CoRoT-31, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Stars: fundamental parameters, Stars: individual: CoRoT-30, Stars: individual: CoRoT-31, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, education.field_of_study, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Photometry (astronomy), Planetary systems, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Planetary mass
Abstract

Aims. We report the discovery as well as the orbital and physical characterizations of two new transiting giant exoplanets, CoRoT-30 b and CoRoT-31 b, with the CoRoT space telescope. Methods. We analyzed two complementary data sets: photometric transit light curves measured by CoRoT, and radial velocity curves measured by the HARPS spectrometer. To derive the absolute masses and radii of the planets, we modeled the stars from available magnitudes and spectra. Results. We find that CoRoT-30 b is a warm Jupiter on a close-to-circular 9.06-day orbit around a G3V star with a semi-major axis of about 0.08 AU. It has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.08 RJ, a mass of 2.90 ± 0.22 MJ, and therefore a mean density of 3.45 ± 0.65 g cm−3. The hot Jupiter CoRoT-31 b is on a close-to-circular 4.63-day orbit around a G2 IV star with a semi-major axis of about 0.05 AU. It has a radius of 1.46 ± 0.30 RJ, a mass of 0.84 ± 0.34 MJ, and therefore a mean density of 0.33 ± 0.18 g cm−3. Conclusions. Neither system seems to support the claim that stars hosting planets are more depleted in lithium. The radii of both planets are close to that of Jupiter, but they differ in mass; CoRoT-30 b is ten times denser than CoRoT-31 b. The core of CoRoT-30 b would weigh between 15 and 75 Earth masses, whereas relatively weak constraints favor no core for CoRoT-31 b. In terms of evolution, the characteristics of CoRoT-31 b appear to be compatible with the high-eccentricity migration scenario, which is not the case for CoRoT-30 b. The angular momentum of CoRoT-31 b is currently too low for the planet to evolve toward synchronization of its orbital revolution with stellar rotation, and the planet will slowly spiral-in while its host star becomes a red giant. CoRoT-30 b is not synchronized either: it looses angular momentum owing to stellar winds and is expected reach steady state in about 2 Gyr. CoRoT-30 and 31, as a pair, are a truly remarkable example of diversity in systems with hot Jupiters.

Published
2020

15. Techniques for Constraining the Abundance of Nonplanetary Substellar Objects

Author

Jean Schneider, Alexandre Arbey, Jérémy Auffinger, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astronomy, Relativistic astrophysics, General Medicine, Astrometry, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Stars, 13. Climate action, Abundance (ecology), Planet, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Boson
Abstract

International audience; An interesting problem of relativistic astrophysics is the possible existence of non planetary Compact SubStellar Objects (CSSOs), such as black holes, but also non-standard objects such as boson stars. The challenge is to detect and distinguish them from ordinary planets. Here we present a new approach to this problem, which consists in detecting directly these CSSOs using exoplanet searches by transits, radial velocity measurements and astrometry and comparing the results to standard planet models.

Published
2020

16. Effects of Ruxolitinib and Calcitriol Combination Treatment on Various Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

Author

Jean Schneider, Ye Won Jeon, Young Jin Suh, and Seung Taek Lim

Subjects
Organic Chemistry, Apoptosis, Breast Neoplasms, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, General Medicine, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, ruxolitinib, calcitriol, combination, breast cancer, molecular subtype, Mice, Pyrimidines, Calcitriol, Cell Line, Tumor, Nitriles, Animals, Humans, Pyrazoles, Cyclin D1, Female, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, skin and connective tissue diseases, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

The anticancer effects of ruxolitinib and calcitriol against breast cancer were reported previously. However, the effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment on various molecular subtypes of breast cancer remains unexplored. In this study, we used MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-468 cells to investigate the effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell signaling markers, in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed the synergistic anticancer effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 cells, but not in MCF-7 cells in vitro, via cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the alteration of cell signaling protein expression, including cell cycle-related (cyclin D1, CDK1, CDK4, p21, and p27), apoptosis-related (c-caspase and c-PARP), and cell proliferation-related (c-Myc, p-p53, and p-JAK2) proteins. Furthermore, in the MDA-MB-468 xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated the synergistic antitumor effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment, including the alteration of c-PARP, cyclin D1, and c-Myc expression, without significant drug toxicity. The combination exhibited a synergistic effect in HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, our results suggest different effects of the combination treatment of ruxolitinib and calcitriol depending on the molecular subtype of breast cancer.

Published
2022

17. The NAROO digitization center

Author

C. Le Poncin-Lafitte, J. Aboudarham, C. Neiner, C. Etienne, Paolo Tanga, D. Valls-Gabaud, A. Le Van Suu, M. Y. Khovritchev, Valery Lainey, Dan Pascu, Jean-Eudes Arlot, V. Robert, L. Poirier, A.-C. Perlbarg, S. Ilovaisky, D. Horville, Josselin Desmars, J. Guérard, and Jean Schneider

Subjects
Physics, Measure (data warehouse), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Photographic plate, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, Asteroid, Computer graphics (images), 0103 physical sciences, Table (database), Center (algebra and category theory), Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Digitization
Abstract

The New Astrometric Reduction of Old Observations (NAROO) center can be found at the Paris Observatory in Meudon, and it is dedicated to the measurement of astrophotographic plates and the analysis of old observations. The NAROO digitizer consists of a granite-based Newport-Microcontrol open-frame air-bearing XY positioning table, a scientific sCMOS camera, and a telecentric optical system. The plate holder assembly is suited for mounting glass plates up to 350 mm squared. The machine positioning stability is better than 15 nm, and its repeatability is better than 40 nm. With real photographic plate data, we were able to produce measurements with an accuracy better than 65 nm. The renewed interest about photographic plates concerns the expansion of the database of transient objects evolving in time, since digitization now makes it possible to measure images with a high level of accuracy and to identify all the available objects. The information extracted from such materials can be of an astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopic nature, when not purely imaging, with consequences in planetology, near-Earth asteroid risk assessment, astrophysical phenomena, and general relativity, to mention but a few. Through our scientific program in the Gaia era, we detail examples of current and upcoming uses for the community. We invite researchers to use our facilities and digitize their collection by answering our call for proposals.

Published
2021

18. Relative Survival Benefit by Hormonal Receptor Status of Adding Trastuzumab to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Author

Sung Hoo Jung, Jin Hyang Jung, Jean Schneider, Hongki Gwak, Seung Taek Lim, Hyouk Jin Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Ye Won Jeon, and Soo Jung Lee

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Survival, Receptor, ErbB-2, medicine.medical_treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Trastuzumab, Internal medicine, medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, neoplasms, Chemotherapy, Relative survival, business.industry, Surrogate endpoint, Cancer, Induction chemotherapy, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Original Article, Breast neoplasms, business, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract

Purpose Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) involving trastuzumab markedly increases pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Despite increasing pCR rates, long-term survival gains are controversial owing to distinctive biologic behavior mediated by the presence of hormonal receptors (HRs) that may interact with HER2 receptors. We, therefore, investigated the differences in relative survival gain provided by neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy on HR positive (HR+) status of patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed women with stage II or III HER2+ breast cancer who underwent NAC followed by a breast cancer surgery between 2008 and 2013. The survival benefits of adding trastuzumab to NAC were analyzed by classifying patients into HR+ and HR negative (HR-) groups. Results Of 666 patients included in the study, 374 (52.1%) were HR+ and 319 (47.9%) were HR-. In the HR+ group, trastuzumab treatment led to higher pCR rates and significantly better breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) than no trastuzumab treatment. However, among patients with HR- breast cancer, trastuzumab treatment showed no statistically significant difference between BCSS and OS following multivariate analysis. Conclusion We found that the addition of trastuzumab to NAC improved relative survival benefit in HER2+/HR+ patients than in HER2+/HR- patients, even though the pCR rate increases were lower. Although pCR has been regarded as a surrogate marker for estimating long-term survival benefits after NAC, it alone may not translate into real long-term oncologic outcomes in particular cancer subtypes after trastuzumab-based NAC. Further longer-term evaluation of the objective survival benefit after NAC driven by a dual HER2 block according to HR status is warranted.

Published
2019

19. What is transiting HD 139139 ?

Author

Jean Schneider

Subjects
Physics, Radial velocity, Rappaport, Solar System, Planet, Astronomy, Private communication, General Medicine, Star (graph theory), Light curve, Variation (astronomy), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The NASA mission Kepler has detected 28 transits with depths and durations hours in the light curve of HD139139 during a 87 days campaign . Their arrival times are erratic. Rappaport et al. (2019) discard ten explanations. It is not clear if the transits are for HD 139139 or for a star B at 3.3 arcsec. New radial velocity variation data give RV for HD139139 in 4 days (F. Bouchy and S. Udry, private communication) excluding a close-in planet orbiting HD 139139, as proposed earlier (Schneider 2019). (However, this explanation is still valid for the star B for which radial velocity data are very poor). Here I thus explore new tentative explanations and their likelihood: 1/ An eccentric transiters belt around HD 139139 2/ Interstellar transiters 3/ Solar System objects.

Published
2019

20. Co-orbital exoplanets from close period candidates: The TOI-178 case

Author

Adrien Leleu, Alexandre C. M. Correia, Jean Schneider, Marko Sestovic, Simon L. Grimm, Jorge Lillo-Box, Daniel Angerhausen, Philippe Robutel, Nathan Hara, European Southern Observatory (ESO), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Okayama University, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Horseshoe orbit, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 520 Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 500 Science, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Celestial mechanics, Orbit, Space and Planetary Science, Trojan, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Despite the existence of co-orbital bodies in the solar system, and the prediction of the formation of co-orbital planets by planetary system formation models, no co-orbital exoplanets (also called trojans) have been detected thus far. Here we study the signature of co-orbital exoplanets in transit surveys when two planet candidates in the system orbit the star with similar periods. Such a pair of candidates could be discarded as false positives because they are not Hill-stable. However, horseshoe or long-libration-period tadpole co-orbital configurations can explain such period similarity. This degeneracy can be solved by considering the transit timing variations (TTVs) of each planet. We subsequently focus on the three-planet-candidate system TOI-178: the two outer candidates of that system have similar orbital periods and were found to have an angular separation close to π∕3 during the TESS observation of sector 2. Based on the announced orbits, the long-term stability of the system requires the two close-period planets to be co-orbital. Our independent detrending and transit search recover and slightly favour the three orbits close to a 3:2:2 resonant chain found by the TESS pipeline, although we cannot exclude an alias that would put the system close to a 4:3:2 configuration. We then analyse the co-orbital scenario in more detail, and show that despite the influence of an inner planet just outside the 2:3 MMR, this potential co-orbital system could be stable on a gigayear time-scale for a variety of planetary masses, either on a trojan or a horseshoe orbit. We predict that large TTVs should arise in such a configuration with a period of several hundred days. We then show how the mass of each planet can be retrieved from these TTVs.

Published
2019

22. Interferometry in the era of time-domain astronomy

Author

Rachael M. Roettenbacher, Jean Schneider, Gail Schaefer, Arnaud Cassan, Alexandre Gallenne, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Brightness, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cepheid variable, Starspot, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Stars, Interferometry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Time domain astronomy
Abstract

The physical nature of time variable objects is often inferred from photometric light-curves and spectroscopic variations. Long-baseline optical interferometry has the power to resolve the spatial structure of time variable sources directly in order to measure their physical properties and test the physics of the underlying models. Recent interferometric studies of variable objects include measuring the angular expansion and spatial structure during the early stages of novae outbursts, studying the transits and tidal distortions of the components in eclipsing and interacting binaries, measuring the radial pulsations in Cepheid variables, monitoring changes in the circumstellar discs around rapidly rotating massive stars, and imaging starspots. Future applications include measuring the image size and centroid displacements in gravitational microlensing events, and imaging the transits of exoplanets. Ongoing and upcoming photometric surveys will dramatically increase the number of time-variable objects detected each year, providing many potential targets to observe interferometrically. For short-lived transient events, it is critical for interferometric arrays to have the flexibility to respond rapidly to targets of opportunity and optimize the selection of baselines and beam combiners to provide the necessary resolution and sensitivity to resolve the source as its brightness and size change. We discuss the science opportunities made possible by resolving variable sources using long baseline optical interferometry.

Published
2018

23. Long-Term Prognosis of Unilateral and Multifocal Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma After Unilateral Lobectomy Versus Total Thyroidectomy

Author

Ye Won Jeon, Young Jin Suh, Seung Taek Lim, Jean Schneider, and Hong Gi Gwak

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Lymphovascular invasion, 030230 surgery, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Surgical oncology, Risk Factors, Republic of Korea, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Thyroid Neoplasms, Survival rate, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Total thyroidectomy, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Carcinoma, Papillary, Surgery, Survival Rate, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Thyroidectomy, Female, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has been associated with poor outcomes; however, we often encounter pathologically confirmed unilateral multifocal PTMC after surgery. To date, no consensus on the proper surgical extent for patients with this form of PTMC has been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the type of surgical treatment on disease recurrence in patients with unilateral multifocal PTMC. We retrospectively analyzed data from 255 patients with unilateral, multifocal, node-negative PTMC between March 1999 and December 2012. We evaluated two groups of patients: those who underwent unilateral lobectomy (Group I, n = 127) and those who underwent total thyroidectomy (Group II, n = 128). During the follow-up period, which lasted a median of 94.8 months, we assessed locoregional recurrence (LRR). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to LRR at follow-up (3.15% for Group I vs. 0.78% for Group II; p = 0.244). The association between the type of surgical treatment and LRR remained nonsignificant after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, tumor size, microscopic extrathyroidal extension, and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.115). During follow-up, the incidence of transient hypocalcemia (0% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.001) and vocal fold paralysis (1.6% vs. 9.4%; p = 0.011) was higher in Group II than in Group I. Even though randomized controlled trials are the only option to obtain a definitive answer to this question, unilateral lobectomy may be a safe operative option for selected patients with unilateral, multifocal, node-negative PTMC.

Published
2018

29. Planets, candidates, and binaries from the CoRoT/Exoplanet programme

Author

Eike W. Guenther, Alexandre Santerne, Ruth Titz-Weider, Tsevi Mazeh, J. Weingrill, Szilard Csizmadia, P. Guterman, A. P. Hatzes, Sascha Grziwa, A. S. Bonomo, Pascal Bordé, Brandon Tingley, Guillaume Hébrard, Aviv Ofir, Heike Rauer, Suzanne Aigrain, Hannu Parviainen, Juan Cabrera, J. M. Almenara, Magali Deleuil, François Bouchy, Anders Erikson, Roi Alonso, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Malcolm Fridlund, Daniel Rouan, Davide Gandolfi, Marc Ollivier, C. Moutou, Jean Schneider, Hans J. Deeg, Tristan Guillot, A. Léger, Martin Pätzold, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), ECLIPSE 2018, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Tel Aviv University (TAU)-Tel Aviv University (TAU), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris (OP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
instruments [space vehicles], Brown dwarf, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, PARAMETERS, photometric [techniques], techniques: photometric, eclipsing [binaries], Planet, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Transit (astronomy), space vehicles: instruments, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, LIGHT CURVES, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), SPACE MISSION, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, binaries: eclipsing, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Orbital period, Light curve, EXOPLANETS, methods: data analysis, Exoplanet, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Binaries: Eclipsing, Methods: Data analysis, Space vehicles: Instruments, Techniques: Photometric, stars: planetary systems - stars binaries: eclipsing - techniques: photometric - space vehicles: instrument - methods: data analysis ​, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, SYSTEM, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We provide the catalogue of all transit-like features, including false alarms, detected by the CoRoT exoplanet teams in the 177 454 light curves of the mission. All these detections have been re-analysed with the same softwares so that to ensure their homogeneous analysis. Although the vetting process involves some human evaluation, it also involves a simple binary flag system over basic tests: detection significance, presence of a secondary, difference between odd and even depths, colour dependence, V-shape transit, and duration of the transit. We also gathered the information from the large accompanying ground-based programme carried out on the planet candidates and checked how useful the flag system could have been at the vetting stage of the candidates. In total, we identified and separated 824 false alarms of various kind, 2269 eclipsing binaries among which 616 are contact binaries and 1653 are detached ones, 37 planets and brown dwarfs, and 557 planet candidates. For the planet candidates, the catalogue gives not only their transit parameters but also the products of their light curve modelling, together with a summary of the outcome of follow-up observations when carried out and their current status. Among the planet candidates whose nature remains unresolved, we estimate that 8 +/- 3 planets are still to be identified. We derived planet and brown dwarf occurrences and confirm disagreements with Kepler estimates: small-size planets with orbital period less than ten days are underabundant by a factor of three in the CoRoT fields whereas giant planets are overabundant by a factor of two. These preliminary results would however deserve further investigations using the recently released CoRoT light curves that are corrected of the various instrumental effects and a homogeneous analysis of the stellar populations observed by the two missions., Comment: Full tables will be provided online at CDS

Published
2018
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30. Special Cases: Moons, Rings, Comets, and Trojans

Author

Juan Cabrera, Jean Schneider, Antonio García Muñoz, and Maria Fernandez Jimenez

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Astrobiology, ​Moons, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Comets, Trojans, Rings, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Non-planetary bodies provide valuable insight into our current under- standing of planetary formation and evolution. Although these objects are challeng- ing to detect and characterize, the potential information to be drawn from them has motivated various searches through a number of techniques. Here, we briefly review the current status in the search of moons, rings, comets, and trojans in exoplanet systems and suggest what future discoveries may occur in the near future.

Published
2018

31. Prehistory of Transit Searches

Author

Danielle Briot and Jean Schneider

Subjects
Sunspot, Solar System, biology, Planet, Extraterrestrial life, Physics::Space Physics, Astronomy, Venus, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Transit (astronomy), biology.organism_classification, Exoplanet, Luminosity
Abstract

Nowadays the more powerful method to detect extrasolar planets is the transit method. We review the planet transits which were anticipated, searched, and the first ones which were observed all through history. Indeed transits of planets in front of their star were first investigated and studied in the solar system. The first observations of sunspots were sometimes mistaken for transits of unknown planets. The first scientific observation and study of a transit in the solar system was the observation of Mercury transit by Pierre Gassendi in 1631. Because observations of Venus transits could give a way to determine the distance Sun-Earth, transits of Venus were overwhelmingly observed. Some objects which actually do not exist were searched by their hypothetical transits on the Sun, as some examples a Venus satellite and an infra-mercurial planet. We evoke the possibly first use of the hypothesis of an exoplanet transit to explain some periodic variations of the luminosity of a star, namely the star Algol, during the eighteen century. Then we review the predictions of detection of exoplanets by their transits, those predictions being sometimes ancient, and made by astronomers as well as popular science writers. However, these very interesting predictions were never published in peer-reviewed journals specialized in astronomical discoveries and results. A possible transit of the planet beta Pic b was observed in 1981. Shall we see another transit expected for the same planet during 2018? Today, some studies of transits which are connected to hypothetical extraterrestrial civilisations are published in astronomical refereed journals. Some studies which would be classified not long ago as science fiction are now considered as scientific ones.

Published
2018

32. Future Exoplanet Research: Science Questions and How to Address Them

Author

Jean Schneider

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Exoplanetology, Planetary system, Circumbinary planet, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Space exploration, Prejudice (legal term), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astrobiology
Abstract

Started approximately in the late 1980s, exoplanetology has up to now unveiled the main gross bulk characteristics of planets and planetary systems. In the future it will benefit from more and more large telescopes and advanced space missions. These instruments will dramatically improve their performance in terms of photometric precision, detection speed, multipixel imaging, high-resolution spectroscopy, allowing to go much deeper in the knowledge of planets. Here we outline some science questions which should go beyond these standard improvements and how to address them. Our prejudice is that one is never too speculative: experience shows that the speculative predictions initially not accepted by the community have been confirmed several years later (like spectrophotometry of transits or circumbinary planets).

Published
2018

36. Science cases for a visible interferometer

Author

Philippe Stee, France Allard, Myriam Benisty, Lionel Bigot, Nicolas Blind, Henri Boffin, Marcelo Borges Fernandes, Alex Carciofi, Andrea Chiavassa, Orlagh Creevey, Pierre Cruzalèbes, Willem-Jan de Wit, Armando Domiciano de Souza, Martin Elvis, Nicolas Fabas, Daniel Faes, Alexandre Gallenne, Carlos Guerrero Pena, Michel Hillen, Sebastian Hoenig, Michael Ireland, Pierre Kervella, Makoto Kishimoto, Nadia Kostogryz, Stefan Kraus, Antoine Labeyrie, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Agnès Lèbre, Roxanne Ligi, Alessandro Marconi, Thomas Marsh, Anthony Meilland, Florentin Millour, John Monnier, Denis Mourard, Nicolas Nardetto, Keiichi Ohnaka, Claudia Paladini, Karine Perraut, Guy Perrin, Pascal Petit, Romain Petrov, Suvendu Rakshit, Gail Schaefer, Jean Schneider, Denis Shulyak, Michal Simon, Ferréol Soulez, Danny Steeghs, Isabelle Tallon-Bosc, Michel Tallon, Theo Ten Brummelaar, Éric Thiébaut, Frédéric Thévenin, Hans van Winckel, Markus Wittkowski, Juan Zorec, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Astrophysique Stellaire, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra] (RSAA), Australian National University (ANU), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien (IFA), Universität Wien, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord (ancienne affiliation) (CEPN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR]
Abstract

White Paper prospective. This book is dedicated to the memory of our colleague Olivier Chesneau who passed away at the age of 41. v2 includes some corrections to text; High spatial resolution is the key for the understanding various astrophysical phenomena. But even with the future E-ELT, single dish instruments are limited to a spatial resolution of about 4 mas in the visible. For the closest objects within our Galaxy most of the stellar photosphere remains smaller than 1 mas. With the success of long baseline interferometry these limitations were soom overcome. Today low and high resolution interferometric instruments on the VLTI and CHARA offer an immense range of astrophysical studies. Combining more telescopes and moving to visible wavelengths broadens the science cases even more. With the idea of developing strong science cases for a future visible interferometer, we organized a science group around the following topics: pre-main sequence and main sequence stars, fundamental parameters, asteroseismology and classical pulsating stars, evolved stars, massive stars, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and imaging techniques. A meeting was organized on the 15th and 16th of January, 2015 in Nice with the support of the Action Specific in Haute Resolution Angulaire (ASHRA), the Programme National en Physique Stellaire (PNPS), the Lagrange Laboratory and the Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, in order to present these cases and to discuss them further for future visible interferometers. This White Paper presents the outcome of the exchanges. This book is dedicated to the memory of our colleague Olivier Chesneau who passed away at the age of 41.

Published
2017

37. Priscien. Grammaire Livre XVIII - Syntaxe, 2

Author

Alessandro Garcea, Marc Baratin, Frédérique Biville, Guillaume Bonnet, Bernard Colombat, Louis Holtz, Issaeva Séverine, Madeleine Keller, Diane Marchand, Jean Schneider, Rome et ses Renaissances - Centre Guillaume Budé, Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire et Sources des Mondes antiques (HiSoMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre Pluridisciplinaire Textes et Cultures [Dijon] (CPTC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), HTL - Histoire des Théories Linguistiques - UMR 7597 (HTL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes (IRHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Garcea, Alessandro, Université Paris-Sorbonne ( UP4 ), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 ( STL ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Histoire et Sources des Mondes antiques ( HiSoMA ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Pluridisciplinaire Textes et Cultures [Dijon] ( CPTC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), HTL - Histoire des Théories Linguistiques - UMR 7597 ( HTL ), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes ( IRHT ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université Paris Nanterre ( UPN )

Subjects
Priscien, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Grammairiens latins, [ SHS.LITT ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Grammairiens grecs, [ SHS.CLASS ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies, Grammaire latine, [ SHS.LANGUE ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Apollonius Dyscole, [SHS.CLASS] Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.CLASS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Classical studies
Abstract

International audience; Avec le livre 18 de la Grammaire de Priscien se poursuit la traduction de cette somme de la grammaire antique dont l’auteur enseignait la langue latine à Constantinople au début du VIe siècle.Ce livre, le dernier et le plus long, achève l’analyse inaugurée avec le livre 17 et consacrée à la syntaxe, qui constitue l’aboutissement de l’œuvre. Priscien s’y inspire encore, quoique de façon plus lâche, du programme élaboré par le grammairien alexandrin Apollonius Dyscole dans sa Syntaxe, et l’analyse se concentre ici sur la constitution du noyau de l’énoncé complet, envisagée du double point de vue du nom et du verbe.Au milieu de ce livre, Priscien s’affranchit cependant de la progression thématique et des analyses de son modèle grec, pour entamer un développement d’un genre entièrement nouveau par rapport au reste de l’œuvre : un catalogue de constructions grecques et latines comparées, en 340 notices indépendantes, inspiré des multiples index bilingues suscités par la présence romaine en territoire hellénophone.Le présent volume rend compte de l’originalité et de l’hétérogénéité de ce livre singulier, dans son organisation comme dans le traitement de ses diverses sources. Certains aspects de ses analyses forment de véritables nœuds dans l’histoire des théories linguistiques, comme l’interprétation du concept stoïcien de prédicat ou le traitement des modes subjonctif et optatif. D’autres innovations relèvent des objectifs pédagogiques d’une œuvre que Priscien destinait à un public universitaire bilingue. Surtout, la constante mise en scène de la continuité entre le grec et le latin donne lieu à une impressionnante quantité de citations littéraires, parfois issues de textes perdus par ailleurs, qui font de l’Ars Prisciani un hommage de l’Antiquité tardive à la littérature gréco-latine classique.L’ouvrage comporte une introduction générale, le texte latin accompagné des loci similes, une traduction annotée, une bibliographie sélective et des index (auteurs et citations, terminologie grammaticale latine et grecque, notions grammaticales).

Published
2017

38. Measuring the radius and mass of Planet Nine

Author

Jean Schneider, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Perturbation (astronomy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Direct imaging, Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, Gravitation, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Batygin and Brown (2016) have suggested the existence of a new Solar System planet supposed to be responsible for the perturbation of eccentric orbits of small outer bodies. The main challenge is now to detect and characterize this putative body. Here we investigate the principles of the determination of its physical parameters, mainly its mass and radius. For that purpose we concentrate on two methods, stellar occultations and gravitational microlensing effects (amplification, deflection and time delay). We estimate the main characteristics of a possible occultation or gravitational effects: flux variation of a background star, duration and probability of occurence. We investigate also additional benefits of direct imaging and of an occultation., Comment: PASP accepted

Published
2017
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40. Philosophical issues in the search for extraterrestrial life and intelligence

Author

Jean Schneider

Subjects
Natural philosophy, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Working hypothesis, Critical philosophy, Epistemology, Extension (metaphysics), Space and Planetary Science, Extraterrestrial life, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sociology, Construct (philosophy), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence, Prejudice (legal term)
Abstract

In the search for extraterrestrial life and intelligence, it is essential to clarify what is to be meant by ‘life’ and ‘intelligence’. I first analyse what it means to ‘define’ these words. I will show that some philosophical prejudice is unavoidable. As a working hypothesis, I consider two types of philosophy: ‘natural philosophy’, seeking for some essence of things, and ‘critical (or analytical) philosophy’, devoted to the analysis of the procedures by which we claim to construct a reality. An extension of critical philosophy, epistemo-analysis (i.e. the psycho-analysis of concepts) is presented and applied to the definition of exolife and to extraterrestrial ‘intelligence’. Some pragmatic conclusions are finally drawn for future search strategies.

Published
2013

41. Erratum to: 'Exoplanet discoveries with the CoRoT space observatory'

Author

R. den Hartog, J. Weingrill, François Bouchy, M. Fridlund, Heike Rauer, J. Hasiba, M. Steller, Pascal Bordé, A. Shporer, C. Lovis, J. M. Almenara, Aldo S. Bonomo, P. Gondoin, H. Bruntt, A. Llebaria, A. Baglin, Rudolf Dvorak, Michel Mayor, M. Havel, Magali Deleuil, Laurent Jorda, D. Queloz, Helmut Lammer, J.-C. Gazzano, G. Hebrard, Brandon Tingley, Suzanne Aigrain, Francesco Pepe, B. Samuel, M. Hidas, Frederic Pont, Davide Gandolfi, Daniel Rouan, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Ludmila Carone, Petr Kabath, Eike W. Guenther, Roi Alonso, Tsevi Mazeh, Stéphane Udry, Juan Cabrera, Günther Wuchterl, Marc Ollivier, Szilard Csizmadia, B. Stecklum, A. Léger, A. P. Hatzes, Willy Benz, Markus Rabus, Rachel Street, Michel Auvergne, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, Pierre Barge, Alessandro Mura, David R. Ciardi, H. Ottacher, M. Barbieri, Hans J. Deeg, C. Moutou, Martin Pätzold, Tristan Guillot, Jean Schneider, T. A. Lister, and S. Carpano

Subjects
Physics, Planetary science, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space observatory, Exoplanet, Astrobiology
Published
2016

42. The secondary eclipse of CoRoT-1b

Author

Roi Alonso, A. Léger, Tsevi Mazeh, François Bouchy, Laurent Jorda, Günther Wuchterl, Frederic Pont, Anders Erikson, Pierre Magain, Suzanne Aigrain, M. Pätzold, Magali Deleuil, Marc Ollivier, R. de la Reza, A. P. Hatzes, M. Fridlund, Antoine Llebaria, S. Chaintreuil, Hans J. Deeg, P. Gondoin, M. Barbieri, Pierre Barge, Helmut Lammer, A. Alapini, C. Moutou, Didier Queloz, Aldo S. Bonomo, M. Auvergne, Pascal Bordé, Jean Schneider, Heike Rauer, Tristan Guillot, D. Rouan, F. Fialho, A. Baglin, Rudolf Dvorak, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, photometry, media_common.quotation_subject, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, symbols.namesake, Bond albedo, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Black-body radiation, Circular orbit, Eccentricity (behavior), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Eclipse, Physics, Thermal equilibrium, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astronomy and Astrophysics, CoRoT, secondary eclipse, exoplanets, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, transit method, symbols, CoRoT-1b, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The transiting planet CoRoT-1b is thought to belong to the pM-class of planets, in which the thermal emission dominates in the optical wavelengths. We present a detection of its secondary eclipse in the CoRoT white channel data, whose response function goes from ~400 to ~1000 nm. We used two different filtering approaches, and several methods to evaluate the significance of a detection of the secondary eclipse. We detect a secondary eclipse centered within 20 min at the expected times for a circular orbit, with a depth of 0.016+/-0.006%. The center of the eclipse is translated in a 1-sigma upper limit to the planet's eccentricity of ecosomega, 6 pages, to appear in A&A, submitted 18 march 2009, accepted 7 July 2009

Published
2016

43. Planetary transit candidates in the CoRoT initial run: resolving their nature

Author

Eike W. Guenther, Günther Wuchterl, François Bouchy, Tsevi Mazeh, Magali Deleuil, S. Carpano, Francesco Pepe, C. Lovis, Martin Pätzold, Davide Gandolfi, J. M. Almenara, Suzanne Aigrain, Pierre Barge, Daniel Rouan, A. P. Hatzes, M. Fridlund, Laurent Jorda, C. Moutou, Antoine Llebaria, Michel Mayor, M. Auvergne, Pascal Bordé, Willy Benz, Jean Schneider, Heike Rauer, Marc Ollivier, Hans J. Deeg, G. Hebrard, Frederic Pont, M. Barbieri, A. Léger, Markus Rabus, P. Gondoin, R. de la Reza, Didier Queloz, B. Loeillet, Helmut Lammer, Petr Kabath, H. Bruntt, Tristan Guillot, Avi Shporer, A. Baglin, Rudolf Dvorak, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, Pierre Magain, Roi Alonso, Stéphane Udry, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, photometry, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Giant planet, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Planetary system, Light curve, follow-up observations, 01 natural sciences, CoRoT, Radial velocity, Stars, exoplanets, transit method, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Binary star, transit candidates, Transit (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

With the release of CoRoT lightcurves of the Initial Run IRa01, 50 transiting planetary candidates have been published in a companion paper. About twenty of them were identified as binary stars from the CoRoT lightcurve itself. Complementary observations were conducted for 29 candidates, including ground-based photometry and radial-velocity measurements. Two giant planets were identified and fully characterized. Nineteen binaries are recognized, from which 10 are background eclipsing binaries in the CoRoT mask or triple systems, diluted by the main CoRoT target. Eight cases remain of unclear origin, one of them still being a planetary candidate. Comparison with simulations shows that the actual threshold of confirmed planet detection in this field does not yet fulfill the expectations, and a number of reasons are invoked, like the ranking process based on lightcurve analyses, and the strategy and limits of follow-up observations for targets fainter than magnitude 15.

Published
2016

45. SPICES: spectro-polarimetric imaging and characterization of exoplanetary systems

Author

John T. Trauger, Jean-Charles Augereau, Naoshi Murakami, Pierre Baudoz, Raphael Galicher, Mark C. Wyatt, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Olivier Guyon, Anne-Lise Maire, Raffaele Gratton, Daphne Stam, Anthony Boccaletti, Dimitri Mawet, Spices team, Motohide Tamura, Samuel Ronayette, Christophe Verinaud, Michiel Min, Kerri Cahoy, Didier Dubreuil, Frans Snik, Jennifer Patience, W. A. Traub, Eric Pantin, Michiel Rodenhuis, Dino Mesa, Marc J. Kuchner, Jean-Michel Reess, Ruslan Belikov, Ingrid Mary Beerer, and Jean Schneider

Subjects
Physics, Solar System, Zodiacal light, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, law.invention, Jupiter, Telescope, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Spectral resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) is a five-year M-class mission proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision. Its purpose is to image and characterize long-period extrasolar planets and circumstellar disks in the visible (450 - 900 nm) at a spectral resolution of about 40 using both spectroscopy and polarimetry. By 2020/22, present and near-term instruments will have found several tens of planets that SPICES will be able to observe and study in detail. Equipped with a 1.5 m telescope, SPICES can preferentially access exoplanets located at several AUs (0.5-10 AU) from nearby stars ($

Published
2012

46. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission Resolving the nature of transit candidates for the LRa03 and SRa03 fields

Author

Davide Gandolfi, François Bouchy, A. Baglin, Magali Deleuil, Günther Wuchterl, Rudolf Dvorak, Laurent Jorda, Alexandre Santerne, Jean Schneider, M. Auvergne, T Pasternacki, Hans J. Deeg, Roi Alonso, Pierre Barge, Rodrigo F. Díaz, A. P. Hatzes, Pascal Bordé, Eike W. Guenther, J. Weingrill, Aviv Ofir, Tristan Guillot, William D. Cochran, Ludmila Carone, J.-M. Almenara, Michael Endl, Aldo S. Bonomo, Szilard Csizmadia, D. Queloz, Helmut Lammer, S. Carpano, Tsevi Mazeh, A. Léger, C. Lovis, Brandon Tingley, Phillip J. MacQueen, Martin Pätzold, G. Hebrard, B. Samuel, T -O Lev, D. Rouan, Hannu Parviainen, Heike Rauer, Marc Ollivier, C. Moutou, M. Fridlund, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, Suzanne Aigrain, C. Cavarroc, Juan Cabrera, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Cosmology, Stars, Spitzer Space Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, ​stars: planetary systems - techniques: photometry - techniques: radial velocities - techniques: spectroscopic, Transit (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

CoRoT is a space telescope which aims at studying internal structure of stars and detecting extrasolar planets. We present here a list of transits detected in the light curves of stars observed by CoRoT in two fields in the anti-center direction: the LRa03 one observed during 148 days from 3 October 2009 to 1 March 2010 followed by the SRa03 one from the 5 March 2010 to the 29 March 2010 during 25 days. 5329 light curves for the LRa03 field and 4169 for the SRa03 field were analyzed by the detection team of CoRoT. Then some of the selected exoplanetary candidates have been followed up from the ground. In the LRa03 field, 19 exoplanet candidates have been found, 8 remain unsolved. No secured planet has been found yet. In the SRa03 field, there were 11 exoplanetary candidates among which 6 cases remain unsolved and 3 planets have been found: CoRoT-18b, CoRoT-19b, CoRoT-20b. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Published
2011

47. The SARS algorithm: detrendingCoRoTlight curves with Sysrem using simultaneous external parameters

Author

Anders Erikson, Antoine Llebaria, Marc Ollivier, Pascal Bordé, Daniel Rouan, G. Wuchterl, Jean Schneider, Heike Rauer, François Bouchy, Malcolm Fridlund, Rudolf Dvorak, Claire Moutou, Artie P. Hatzes, Ludmila Carone, J. Weingrill, Pierre Barge, Suzanne Aigrain, Michel Auvergne, Sylvio Ferraz Mello, Didier Queloz, Roi Alonso, Tristan Guillot, Annie Baglin, Hans J. Deeg, Magali Deleuil, Aviv Ofir, Aldo S. Bonomo, Helmut Lammer, Martin Paetzold, Laurent Jorda, M. Gillon, Alain Léger, S. Carpano, B. Samuel, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, Process (computing), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, methods: data analysis, 01 natural sciences, methods, Photon noise, techniques: photometric, photometric -planetary systems, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Colors of noise, 0103 physical sciences, planetary systems, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Algorithm, data analysis -techniques, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Surveys for exoplanetary transits are usually limited not by photon noise but rather by the amount of red noise in their data. In particular, although the CoRoT spacebased survey data are being carefully scrutinized, significant new sources of systematic noises are still being discovered. Recently, a magnitude-dependant systematic effect was discovered in the CoRoT data by Mazeh & Guterman et al. and a phenomenological correction was proposed. Here we tie the observed effect a particular type of effect, and in the process generalize the popular Sysrem algorithm to include external parameters in a simultaneous solution with the unknown effects. We show that a post-processing scheme based on this algorithm performs well and indeed allows for the detection of new transit-like signals that were not previously detected., MNRAS accepted. 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2010

48. Deciphering Spectral Fingerprints of Habitable Exoplanets

Author

Lisa Kaltenegger, Frank Selsis, Malcolm Fridlund, Helmut Lammer, Charles Beichman, William Danchi, Carlos Eiroa, Thomas Henning, Tom Herbst, Alain Léger, René Liseau, Jonathan Lunine, Francesco Paresce, Alan Penny, Andreas Quirrenbach, Huub Röttgering, Jean Schneider, Daphne Stam, Giovanna Tinetti, and Glenn J. White

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Habitability, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Planets, Biosphere, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), First generation, Exoplanet, Astrobiology, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We discuss how to read a planet's spectrum to assess its habitability and search for the signatures of a biosphere.\ud After a decade rich in giant exoplanet detections, observation techniques have advanced to a level where we now have the capability to find planets of less than 10 Earth masses (MEarth) (so-called "super Earths"), which may be habitable. How can we characterize those planets and assess whether they are habitable? This new field of exoplanet search has shown an extraordinary capacity to combine research in astrophysics, chemistry, biology, and geophysics into a new and exciting interdisciplinary approach to understanding our place in the\ud Universe. The results of a first-generation mission will most likely generate an amazing scope of diverse planets\ud that will set planet formation, evolution, and our planet into an overall context.

Published
2010

49. Origin and Formation of Planetary Systems

Author

Giovanna Tinetti, Carlos Eiroa, Huub Röttgering, Charles Beichman, Thomas Henning, Alain Léger, Willy Benz, René Liseau, Glenn J. White, William C. Danchi, Malcolm Fridlund, Andreas Quirrenbach, Günther Wuchterl, Lisa Kaltenegger, Francesco Paresce, Helmut Lammer, Jean Schneider, Christophe Sotin, Jonathan I. Lunine, Tom Herbst, C. Broeg, Alan J. Penny, Olivier Grasset, Daphne Stam, Franck Selsis, Yann Alibert, Laboratoire d'astrophysique de l'observatoire de Besançon (UMR 6091) (LAOB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute (NExScI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Southern Observatory (ESO)

Subjects
Terrestrial exoplanets, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Habitability, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Planets, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Kepler-47, Planet, Ice giants, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Planetary migration, Planet formation, Physics, Astronomy, Planetary system, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Exoplanet, Gas giants, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Terrestrial planet, Gases, Solar System, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planetary mass, Ice giant
Abstract

International audience; To estimate the occurrence of terrestrial exoplanets and maximize the chance of finding them, it is crucial to understand the formation of planetary systems in general and that of terrestrial planets in particular. We show that a reliable formation theory should not only explain the formation of the Solar System, with small terrestrial planets within a few AU and gas giants farther out, but also the newly discovered exoplanetary systems with close-in giant planets. Regarding the presently known exoplanets, we stress that our current knowledge is strongly biased by the sensitivity limits of current detection techniques (mainly the radial velocity method). With time and improved detection methods, the diversity of planets and orbits in exoplanetary systems will definitely increase and help to constrain the formation theory further. In this work, we review the latest state of planetary formation in relation to the origin and evolution of habitable terrestrial planets.

Published
2010

50. A Roadmap for the Detection and Characterization of Other Earths

Author

Thomas Henning, René Liseau, Charles Beichman, Jonathan I. Lunine, Giovanna Tinetti, Alan J. Penny, Alain Léger, Tom Herbst, Carlos Eiroa, Helmut Lammer, Franck Selsis, Andreas Quirrenbach, William C. Danchi, Glenn J. White, Huub Röttgering, Malcolm Fridlund, Daphne Stam, Jean Schneider, Lisa Kaltenegger, Francesco Paresce, Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute (NExScI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], and The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)

Subjects
Physics, 0303 health sciences, Cosmic Vision, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Agency (philosophy), Planets, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Space exploration, Exoplanet, Astrobiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Extraterrestrial life, 0103 physical sciences, Darwin (spacecraft), Solar System, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 030304 developmental biology, Theme (narrative)
Abstract

The European Space Agency and other space agencies such as NASA recognize that the question with regard to\ud life beyond Earth in general, and the associated issue of the existence and study of exoplanets in particular, is of\ud paramount importance for the 21st century. The new Cosmic Vision science plan, Cosmic Vision 2015–2025, which is built around four major themes, has as its first theme: \ud "What are the conditions for planet formation and the emergence of life?" This main theme is addressed through further questions:\ud \ud (1) How do gas and dust give rise to stars and planets?\ud \ud (2) How will the search for and study of exoplanets eventually lead to the detection of life outside Earth (biomarkers*)?\ud \ud (3) How did life in the Solar System arise and evolve?\ud \ud Although ESA has busied itself with these issues since the beginning of the Darwin study in 1996, it has\ud become abundantly clear that, as these topics have evolved, only a very large effort, addressed from the ground\ud and from space with the utilization of different instruments and space missions, can provide the empirical results required for a complete understanding. The good news is that the problems can be addressed and solved within\ud a not-too-distant future. In this short essay, we present the present status of a roadmap related to projects that are related to the key long-term goal of understanding and characterizing exoplanets, in particular Earthlike\ud planets.

Published
2010

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