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In order to accurately predict the concentration detection data of ion sensors for animal and plant, this paper proposes a gene expression programming (GEP) based concentration detection method. The method includes collecting ion concentration data as well as voltage timing data; preprocessing all the collected data to obtain an initial sample set; constructing a prediction model of ion concentration, which is an explicit functional relationship between voltage and the concentration of a specific ion. The Gene Expression Programming is used to train and evaluate the prediction model, and obtain a trained model. By comparing gene expression programming with other two modeling methods, it is found that the accuracy of the model established by gene expression programming has greater advantages than that established by polynomial fitting and neural network in processing animal and plant ion concentration data.

With the progress of game technology, 3D games have gradually become an important part of the game field. However, the relevant analysis and discussion literature is not sufficient. Therefore, this paper discusses the relevant content of 3D games, starting with understanding the development history of 3D games, and analysing 3D game technology step by step. The characteristics of game engine and unreal engine are analysed. In addition, this paper details some of the early games that were considered 3D games. Including 3D game software and a series of production steps. Focus on the analysis of the most popular virtual engine, it is a good 3D game software. There are many similar tutorials on the Virtual Engine website, as well as a series of demos of the finished product. Finally, the development prospect of 3D games and the development direction of similar games are discussed.

An ultralight hybrid nanofibrous aerogel exhibiting high resilience and excellent oil-aborption performance.

Fiber lasers have great advantages in long-time operations and stable power, showing great potential in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for industrial online diagnosis.

As a kind of dynamic real-time monitoring technology, microseismic monitoring technology has been widely used for rockburst warning. Due to the complexity of the actual monitoring environment, the monitoring signals often contain different types of noise, affecting the earning warning of rockburst. In this study, an Autoencoder Convolutional Neural Network denoising model based on deep learning has been proposed to denoising of the complex signals. The unsupervised adaptive training method is used to train the model, which only needs to set its initial parameters. The importance of an enhanced training dataset is illustrated by the comparison experiment. The results indicate that the training and verification shows well performance during training. The denoising efficiency of the proposed model is studied by the denoising of the synthetic noise-containing signals. Furthermore, the dataset from the water conveyance tunnel in the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River water diversion project (HJ-Project) in Shaanxi Province is taken as an engineering example to evolute the performance of the proposed model for practical project. The denoising performance of the model is analysed through the visual denoising results and evaluation index. The model can effectively denoise the complex noised signal which separate it into pure microseismic signal and noise signal, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which is benefit for arrive-time picking and source locating then improve the performance of early warning of rockburst.

In this paper, we take the composition analysis and identification of lead-barium glass and high-potassium glass as the starting point, and analyze and solve the problems related to the weathering and chemical composition of the two glass types through machine learning and random forest. In this paper, the mean value and content interval of the given data are initially processed, and the classification basis can be roughly determined. Then the random forest classification model is used to classify them, and the importance of each feature is obtained. The K-mean clustering algorithm is adopted to solve the problem, and the reasonableness test is performed using the fuzzy clustering algorithm, and the results of both are similar, indicating good reasonableness. Finally, a random forest model was used to train the new sample data, and then a sobol sensitivity test was performed on them according to the classification results to obtain a higher sensitivity of alumina to the classification results of high-potassium glass and a higher sensitivity of lead oxide to the classification results of lead-barium glass.

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), as an effective adjuvant or immunopotentiator, activate the immune system and induce various immune responses. Recently, it has also been reported that high dose of CpG ODN can lead to immunosuppression. However, the underlying mechanism of CpG ODN-mediated immune response remains largely unknown in invertebrates. In the present study, the role of ERK in regulating expression levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) induced by different doses of CpG ODN 2395 was analyzed in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. The mRNA expression levels of EsALFs (EsALF1, EsALF2 and EsALF3) and EsERK in haemocytes were observed to increase from 6 h to 48 h post low doses of CpG ODN 2395 (0.5 μg and 2.5 μg) stimulation, while they were suppressed after high dose of CpG ODN 2395 (12.5 μg) injection. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of ERK in haemocytes were significantly promoted after low doses of CpG ODN 2395 injection, and a reduce level of ERK phosphorylation was observed after high dose of CpG ODN 2395 injection. Further investigation showed that the expression levels of EsALFs induced by CpG ODN 2395 were markedly down-regulated after knocking down the expression of EsERK. Similarly, the EsALFs mRNA expression were also inhibited post different doses of CpG ODN 2395 stimulation in PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) injection crabs. These results collectively suggest that ERK is involved in regulating the expression level of EsALFs induced by different dose of CpG ODN 2395 in Chinese mitten crab, which contribute to the understanding of the regulation of CpG ODN involving in immune response in crustaceans.

Background: The mobile robot navigation technology includes two key issues: the localization and the path planning, of which the localization is the most basic part of mobile robot navigation, because the target point is meaningful only when mobile robot's pose is clarified, and path planning can be done on this basis. Therefore, it is of great significance to have a good localization method for mobile robots. Objective: This study aimed to summarize the existing localization methods in mobile robot navigation technology and introduce their classifications, characteristics, as well as the stage and trends of development. Methods: A retrospective review of various patents and literature related to localization methods in mobile robot navigation technology was performed. The characteristics, differences, and applications of different localization methods were also introduced. Results: The existing localization methods were analyzed and compared, and their typical characteristics are summarized. The main applications, as well as the pros and cons in the current development stage, were summarized and analyzed. In addition, the development trend of patents related to positioning methods is also discussed. Conclusion: This paper summarized three localization methods and provided numerous cases. It can be seen that most of the existing localization methods are dedicated to improving the positioning accuracy and efficiency of mobile robots, while there is less research on the robustness of mobile robot localization, which is not conducive to the research on robots with the unknown working environment and long moving distances. Therefore, related research patents and documents should be proposed. Current and future development trends are also looking forward.

Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on "healthy aging" raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.

Inadequate hydrodynamics can cause deterioration of the water environment within rivers. Regulating water conservancy projects can effectively improve the state of the water environment of rivers and promote sustainable regional development. The river plain in Zhejiang Province, China, suffers from severe hydrodynamic deficiencies, which have a significant impact on the state of the regional water environment. To investigate the changing state of the water environment of the river plain under water conservancy project control, in this study we constructed a two-dimensional hydrodynamic–water quality model based on the AD and ECOLAB modules in MIKE 21 software 2014 Edition. Combined with conservative tracers, the changes in the water displacement rate, flow rate, and water environment quality of the river plain were simulated under different regulation schemes over 7 days. A quantitative analysis of the effects of improving the state of the water environment in the river plain was carried out using a cluster analysis and a cloud model. (1) The water replacement rate of the outer river reached 90% after 3 days and approached 100% after 7 days. The water replacement rates of the inner pond were 51.2, 49.6, and 55.8%. This indicated that the engineering control measures effectively improved the replacement capacity of the river. (2) The contents of DO and BOD5 in the river have increased from class V to above class 3. The overall water quality is in the range of classes 2 to 3, and in some parts it can reach class 1. This indicates that the regulatory plan played a certain role in improving the river water environment. (3) The water pollution in the study area showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend over 7 days. There was a positive correlation between the flow velocity, water replacement rate, DO, and BOD5.

Face the issues of rural youth outflow, increase of aging population, and rural decline, this research explored the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the rural human-land relationship using the quantification index of rural land dependence. The research defines the concept of rural land dependence and constructs an evaluation index system for rural land dependence. By using the entropy weight method, the research quantitatively measures the high and low levels of rural land dependence in 30 provincial administrative units in China from 2006 to 2020. Besides, the GIS spatial analysis and geodetector are used to explore and analyze the spatial-temporal pattern and influencing factors of China’s land dependence. The results show that: (1) Temporal evolution: Since 2006, the level of rural land dependence in China has shown a decreasing trend, with economic dependence > population dependence > spatial dependence in terms of partial dependence differences. (2) Spatial pattern: During the study period, there are regional differences in the spatial distribution of rural land dependence in China, with a “high in the southwest and low in the eastern coastal areas” characteristic. The distribution of high-dependence areas has changed from being concentrated to being dispersed, while the distribution of low-dependence areas has changed from being dispersed to being concentrated. (3) Influencing factors analysis: From 2006 to 2018, the number of large agricultural employees is the main influencing factor of land dependence. With the decrease of population dependence and the increase of spatial dependence indexes, as well as the influence of the social environment, the area of rural areas and the total area of the region became the main influencing factor of land dependence from 2018 to 2020. The results can provide scientific basis for deepening the research on rural land use efficiency, and also provide decision support for promoting rural sustainable development and achieving common prosperity.

The Forkhead Box O (FOXO) gene plays a key role in various biological processes, such as growth, metabolism, development, immunity and longevity. Molting is an essential process for crustacean growth, which is mainly regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH). Although the role of FOXO in regulating the immune response of crustaceans is well documented, its involvement in controlling crustacean molting remains unclear. In this study, a FOXO-like gene (designed as EsFOXO-like) was identified in Eriocheir sinensis, and the regulation of the 20E pathway by EsFOXO-like was also investigated. The coding sequence of EsFOXO-like was 852 bp, which consisted of 283 amino acids including a conserved Forkhead (FH) domain. EsFOXO-like shared high similarity with FOXO genes from other crustaceans, and the mRNA expression levels of the EsFOXO-like gene were highest in the hepatopancreas and lowest in the hemocytes. However, transcription and protein expression of the EsFOXO-like gene were found to be up-regulated only during the pre-molt stage in the hepatopancreas, with lower expression levels observed at the post-molt stage. To explore the role of EsFOXO-like in the 20E pathway, EsFOXO-like was firstly inhibited by a specific FOXO inhibitor (AS1842856) and then through an EsFOXO-like dsRNA injection, respectively, and the results showed that the relative expression levels of EsFOXO-like were notably decreased in the hepatopancreas after both the inhibitor and dsRNA treatments. The 20E concentration, the mRNA expression levels of the 20E receptors including the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and the retinoid-X receptor (RXR) and EsmTOR transcription in the AS1842856 group or the EsFOXO-RNAi group were all significantly higher than that in the control group, while the mRNA expression level of EsMIH was significantly decreased after EsFOXO-like inhibition. To further investigate whether the EsFOXO-like acts through mTOR or not, Rapamycin was administered to inhibit mTOR activity in EsFOXO-like inhibited crabs. The results revealed a significant reduction in the concentration of 20E and the expression level of EsMIH in the AS1842856 + Rapamycin group compared to the AS1842856 + DMSO group, accompanied by an increase in EsEcR and EsRXR expression. These findings collectively suggest that EsFOXO-like regulates the 20E pathway through mTOR, which offered valuable insights into the understanding of the molting process in crustaceans.

Axially chiral scaffolds, namely atropisomers, are widely found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, functional materials as well as chiral catalysts and ligands. Over the past decades, the construction of axial chirality has become one of hot topics in organic chemistry, and remarkable advances have been achieved. However, these studies mainly focus on the preparation of atropisomers with a single axis, while the synthesis of atropisomers with more than one axes remains elusive, probably owing to the formidable challenges in establishing multi-axes with high chiral control. Herein we report a practical and modular platform technology of click chemistry for the construction of biaxial atropisomers. In this protocol, a wide range of readily available internal alkynes and azides could rapidly assemble to a variety of atropisomeric triazoles with vicinal 1,5-C−N/C−C-diaxes through Rh-catalysis in excellent yields with high regioselectivities, diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. This click technology features broad substrate scope, very mild reaction conditions, high efficiency and scalability, demonstrating tremendous potential in chemistry and biology.

Reasonable production capacity is related to the economic benefits of an open-pit coal mine. This study analyzes the relationship between the working face length, the annual advancing speed and the production capacity. It constructs a production capacity function relationship model. Take the Baorixile open-pit coal mine as an example. The remaining unmined parts are divided into four regions, and the range of production capacity in each region is analyzed by the established model and the determined respectively. On this basis, three mining district division plans are proposed. By analyzing and comparing the stripping ratio, mining life of the district, fault influence, difficulty of transition connection in the mining districts, the convenience of transportation system layout and other indexes of each plan, Plan 3 is determined to be the optimal plan. The production capacity planning results of each mining district in this plan are as follows: the production capacity of the 3rd mining district is 30–35 Mt/a; the production capacity of the 4th mining district in Region 1 is 20–31 Mt/a, and the production capacity in Region 2 is 24–33 Mt/a; the production capacity of the 5th mining district is 20–27 Mt/a.

BackgroundRecent studies have reported hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) linked to clinicopathological characteristics and nutritional status of the tumor, but its clinical significance in GC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative serum hs-CRP level and clinicopathological features and nutritional status in gastric cancer (GC) patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 628 GC patients who met the study criteria were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative serum hs-CRP level was divided into two groups (ResultsThe analysis of 628 GC cases revealed that 338 patients (53.8%) were on malnutrition risk(NRS2002≥3 points), and 526(83.8%) had suspected/moderate to severe malnutrition(PG-SGA≥ 2 points). Preoperative serum hs-CRP level was significantly correlated with age, tumor maximum diameter (TMD), peripheral nerve invasion (PNI), lymph-vascular invasion (LVI), depth of tumor invasion (DTI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), pTNM stage, body weight loss (BWL), body mass index (BMI), NRS2002 score, PG-SGA grade, hemoglobin (HB), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB) and total lymphocyte count (TLC). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hs-CRP (OR=1.814, 95%CI=1.174-2.803; P=0.007), age, ALB, BMI, BWL and TMD were independent risk factors for existing malnutritional risk in GC. Similarly, non-malnutrition and suspected/moderate to severe malnutrition groups presented that hs-CRP (OR=3.346, 95%CI=1.833-6.122; P< 0.001), age, HB, ALB, BMI and BWL were independent risk factors for malnutrition in GC.ConclusionIn addition to the generally used nutritional evaluation indicators such as age, ALB, BMI, and BWL, the hs-CRP level may be used as a nutritional screening and evaluation indicator for GC patients.

We studied the misalignment between tourism resources and economic development in mountainous cities in the context of limited highway network accessibility. Using Lhasa City as a case study, we illustrated how to evaluate tourism resources and economic development and how to improve tourism resources and promote economic development. The tourism resources possessed by tourism destinations are prerequisites for tourism activities. This study focuses on the coupling coordination relationship between the degree of superiority in tourism resources and the level of economic development in Lhasa City. Data from Lhasa City in 2010, 2015, and 2020 were compared to explore a way of optimizing the spatial pattern of tourism development. The results of this study are as follows. (1) As a typical mountainous area on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, the accessibility of Lhasa’s mountainous area largely influences the choice of tourist destinations and is also an important indicator for evaluating the degree of tourism resource superiority. (2) On the whole, the economic development of Lhasa City and the degree of tourism resource superiority is not coordinated, mainly in the low coupling coordination stage, and with the passage of time, the degree of coupling coordination gradually becomes weaker. (3) If a town has advantageous tourism resources with slow economic development, it is easy to fall into the “resource curse” dilemma. In addition, if a town has poor tourism resources, it will be reduced to an outflow area of population and resources after leaving the investment drive, and easy to fall into the dilemma of the “poverty trap”.

We report the development of an ultralow-noise bipolar current source based on the configuration of H-bridge current switching. The measured relative current noise fluctuation reaches 4 × 10−9 Hz−1/2, which enables an ultra-stable magnetic system for cold atom experiments. We avoid the influence of the AC leakage currents induced by the large parasitic capacitance of the H-bridge. First, the current sensor is placed as close as possible to the magnetic coils so that the systematic errors from these leakage currents are minimized. Second, the large parasitic capacitance, which parallels the magnetic coils and forms an LC oscillator, is removed from the feedback loop in our setup to maintain a large self-resonance frequency of the feedback control loop. These two improvements lead to a current source that is more precise and less noisy. Remarkably, the lowest current noise density produced by the proposed method is only 500 nA Hz−1/2 at a current of 100 A, which is about ten fold smaller than the case with leakage current. To optimize the feedback control, a numerical simulation is implemented by using Matlab Simulink, and the numerical simulation results are entirely consistent with the experimental results.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary rare earth (RE) supplementation on production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in late-phase laying hens. A total of 960 Lohmann Pink laying hens (380 d old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a 21-day feeding trial. There were 6 replicates in each treatment, with 32 hens per replicate. The five experimental diets were supplemented with 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g/t RE in the basal diet. Compared with the control group, hens fed the 150 g/t RE diet had a greater average egg weight during the third week of the experimental period (p p p p p p Fusobacterium (genus) while markedly increasing the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (genus) and Subdoligranulum (genus) (p

CAMTA are calcium-modulating binding transcription factors that contribute to plant development. We identified 46 CAMTA genes from eight Rosaceae species and divided them into five subgroups based on a phylogenetic tree. Our analysis indicated that CAMTA is a highly conserved family among Rosaceae species, with a conserved DNA-binding domain (CG-1) and a conserved transcription factor immunoglobulin domain (TIG). Following a recent whole-genome duplication event, the genomes of Chinese white pear, European pear, and apple experienced significant expansion, resulting in the number of CAMTA genes being twice that of the other species. Cis-element identification showed that the distribution of the zein metabolism regulation-responsive element was different in the promoters of Chinese white pear (55.56%) and European pear (11.11%) CAMTA gene families. The gene expression results showed that PbrCAMTA1, 2, 6, 7 was highly expressed in pear fruit. Among them, PbrCAMTA2 may have a key influence on fruit softening, as observed in transient transformation experiments. In conclusion, our results provide crucial insights into the evolution of the CAMTA gene family in pear and other Rosaceae species and identify a candidate PbrCAMTA gene, which is involved in the dynamic development of pear fruits.

Background This study assessed the differences in daily virus reduction and the residual infectivity after the recommended home stay period in Japan in patients infected with influenza and treated with baloxavir (BA), laninamivir (LA), oseltamivir (OS), and zanamivir (ZA). Methods We conducted an observational study on children and adults at 13 outpatient clinics in 11 prefectures in Japan during seven influenza seasons from 2013/2014 to 2019/2020. Virus samples were collected twice from influenza rapid test-positive patients at the first and second visit 4–5 days after the start of treatment. The viral RNA shedding was quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. Neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase acidic (PA) variant viruses that reduce susceptibility to NA inhibitors and BA, respectively, were screened using RT-PCR and genetic sequencing. Daily estimated viral reduction was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses for the factors such as age, treatment, vaccination status, or the emergence of PA or NA variants. The potential infectivity of the viral RNA shedding at the second visit samples was determined using the Receiver Operator Curve based on the positivity of virus isolation. Results Among 518 patients, 465 (80.0%) and 116 (20.0%) were infected with influenza A (189 with BA, 58 with LA, 181 with OS, 37 with ZA) and influenza B (39 with BA, 10 with LA, 52 with OS, 15 with ZA). The emergence of 21 PA variants in influenza A was detected after BA treatment, but NA variants were not detected after NAIs treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the daily viral RNA shedding reduction in patients was slower in the two NAIs (OS and LA) than in BA, influenza B infection, aged 0–5 years, or the emergence of PA variants. The residual viral RNA shedding potentially infectious was detected in approximately 10–30% of the patients aged 6–18 years after five days of onset. Conclusions Viral clearance differed by age, type of influenza, choice of treatment, and susceptibility to BA. Additionally, the recommended homestay period in Japan seemed insufficient, but reduced viral spread to some extent since most school-age patients became non-infectious after 5 days of onset.