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Purpose This paper aims to review the studies on intersection control with connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Design/methodology/approach The most seminal and recent research in this area is reviewed. This study specifically focuses on two categories: CAV trajectory planning and joint intersection and CAV control. Findings It is found that there is a lack of widely recognized benchmarks in this area, which hinders the validation and demonstration of new studies. Originality/value In this review, the authors focus on the methodological approaches taken to empower intersection control with CAVs. The authors hope the present review could shed light on the state-of-the-art methods, research gaps and future research directions.

Background: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulates critical processes, including lipid synthesis, which can be affected by transmembrane proteins localized in the ER membrane. One of them, the transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) has been recently implicated for its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis, though the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of TMEM147 in HCC and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Expression of TMEM147 was examined in human HCC and adjacent non-tumorous tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The effects of TMEM147 on HCC progression were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Proteins interacting with TMEM147 were identified using RNAseq analysis, immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry analyses. Lipidomic analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to identify and analyze cholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) contents. Comprehensive experimental methods were used to demonstrate ferroptosis in HCC cells. The fatty acid content of macrophages affected by TMEM147 was quantified using ELISA. Macrophage phenotypes were determined using various assays, such as immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry analysis. Results: TMEM147 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in HCC, and increased TMEM147 expression was associated with poor survival. TMEM147 promoted tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. It was found to interact with the key sterol reductase DHCR7, which affected cellular cholesterol homeostasis and increased extracellular 27HC levels in HCC. TMEM147 promoted the expression of DHCR7 by enhancing the activity of the transcription factor, STAT2. 27HC upregulated the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 in HCC, leading to ferroptosis resistance and promotion of HCC proliferation. HCC cell-derived 27HC activated PPARγ signaling and enhanced lipid metabolism in macrophages, thereby activating M2 polarization, and then promoted the invasion and migration of HCC. Conclusions: Our results indicated that TMEM147 confers ferroptosis resistance and M2 macrophage polarization, which are mainly dependent on the upregulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis and 27HC secretion, leading to cancer growth and metastasis. Our findings suggest that the TMEM147/STAT2/DHCR7/27HC axis in the tumor microenvironment may serve as a promising therapeutic target for HCC.

Cold stress restricts plant development seriously, resulting in heavy agricultural losses. We found a critical transcription factor network in Medicago ruthenica is involved in plant adaptation to low temperature. APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factor MrERF039 was transcriptionally induced by cold stresses in M. ruthenica. We established an agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system and found that MrERF039 plays an active role in the cold response of M. ruthenica. Overexpression of MrERF039 significantly increased the soluble sugar content, which was eventually expressed as the accumulation of glucose and maltose. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and yeast monohybrid crosses showed that MrERF039 could bind to the DRE cis-acting element on the MrCAS15A promoter. Additionally, the methyl group of the 14th amino acid in the MrERF039 protein was required for the binding. Transcriptome results analysis showed that the MrERF039 gene acted as a sugar molecular switch, regulating many sugar transporters and sugar metabolism related genes. In addition, we found that MrERF039 can directly regulate the expression of β-amylase gene, UDP glycosyltransferase gene and C2H2 zinc finger protein gene. And the significant increase in glucose and maltose content may be caused by the breakdown of starch degraded by β-amylase. In conclusion, these findings suggest that high expression of the MrERF039 gene can significantly improve the cold tolerance of M. ruthenica root tissues during cold acclimation. These provides a new theoretical basis and candidate genes for breeding new legume forage varieties with high resistance, high yield and high protein.

IntroductionThe fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors released in 2021 formally defines pediatric-type diffuse gliomas. However, there is still little understanding of pediatric-type diffuse gliomas, and even less attention has been paid to adult patients. Therefore, this study describes the clinical radiological, survival, and molecular features of adult patients with pediatric-type glioma.MethodsAdult patients who underwent surgery from January 2011 to January 2022, classified as pediatric-type glioma, were included in this study. Clinical, radiological, histopathological, molecular pathological, and survival data were collected for analysis.ResultsAmong 596 adult patients, 20 patients with pediatric-type glioma were screened, including 6 with diffuse astrocytoma, MYB- or MYBL1-altered, 2 with diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered, and 12 with diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype. Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) frequently showed tumor enhancement, peritumoral edema, and intratumoral necrosis. Adult patients with pHGG showed a longer life expectancy than adult patients with glioblastoma. Common molecular alterations included chromosome alterations and CDKN2A/B, PIK3CA, and PTEN, while altered KMT5B and MET were found to affect the overall survival.ConclusionOur study demonstrated adult patients with pediatric-type glioma. Notably, our research aims to expand the current understanding of adult patients with pediatric-type diffuse gliomas. Furthermore, personalized therapies consisting of targeted molecular inhibitors for MET and VEGFA may exhibit beneficial effects in the corresponding population.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant CNS tumor with a highest incidence rate, and most patients would undergo a recurrence. Recurrent GBM (rGBM) shows an increasing resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to a significantly poorer prognosis and the urgent need for novel treatments. Immunotherapy, a rapidly developing anti-tumor therapy in recent years, has shown its potential value in rGBM. Recent studies on PD-1 immunotherapy and CAR-T therapy have shown some efficacy, but the outcome was not as expected. Tumor vaccination is the oldest approach of immunotherapies, which has returned to the research focus because of the failure of other strategies and subversive understanding of CNS. The isolation effect of blood brain barrier and the immunosuppressive cell infiltration could lead to resistance existing in all phases of the anti-tumor immune response, where novel tumor vaccines have been designed to overcome these problems through new tumor antigenic targets and regulatory of the systematic immune response. In this review, the immunological characteristics of CNS and GBM would be discussed and summarized, as well as the mechanism of each novel tumor vaccine for rGBM. And through the review of completed early-phase studies and ongoing large-scale phase III clinical trials, evaluation could be conducted for potential immune response, biosecurity and initial clinical outcome, which further draw a panorama of this vital research field and provide some deep thoughts for the prospective tendency of vaccination strategy.

Purpose This paper aims to address the longitudinal control problem for person-following robots (PFRs) for the implementation of this technology. Design/methodology/approach Nine representative car-following models are analyzed from PFRs application and the linear model and optimal velocity model/full velocity difference model are qualified and selected in the PFR control. Findings A lab PFR with the bar-laser-perception device is developed and tested in the field, and the results indicate that the proposed models perform well in normal person-following scenarios. Originality/value This study fills a gap in the research on PRFs longitudinal control and provides a useful and practical reference on PFRs longitudinal control for the related research.

Purpose This study aims to make full use of the advantages of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and dedicated CAV lanes to ensure all CAVs can pass intersections without stopping. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a signal coordination model for arteries with dedicated CAV lanes by using mixed integer linear programming. CAV non-stop constraints are proposed to adapt to the characteristics of CAVs. As it is a continuous problem, various situations that CAVs arrive at intersections are analyzed. The rules are discovered to simplify the problem by discretization method. Findings A case study is conducted via SUMO traffic simulation program. The results show that the efficiency of CAVs can be improved significantly both in high-volume scenario and medium-volume scenario with the plan optimized by the model proposed in this paper. At the same time, the progression efficiency of regular vehicles is not affected significantly. It is indicated that full-scale benefits of dedicated CAV lanes can only be achieved with signal coordination plans considering CAV characteristics. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research that develops a signal coordination model for arteries with dedicated CAV lanes.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. AUD is a complex disorder, and there is ample evidence that genetic predisposition is critical to its development. Recent studies have shown that genetic predisposition leads to the onset of AUD, and alcohol metabolism can affect epigenetic inheritance, which in turn affects synaptic plasticity, alters brain function, and leads to more severe addictive behaviors. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play an important role in alcohol addiction. This paper reviews the regulatory role of ncRNAs. ncRNAs are involved in enzyme and neurotransmitter reaction systems during alcohol use disorder. Alcohol consumption regulates the expression of ncRNAs that mediate epigenetic modification and synaptic plasticity, which play an important role in the development of chronic AUD. ncRNAs may be used not only as predictors of therapeutic responses but also as therapeutic targets of AUD. Chronic alcoholism is more likely to lead to neuroimmune disorders, including permanent brain dysfunction. AUD induced by long-term alcoholism greatly alters the expression of genes in the human genome, especially the expression of ncRNAs. Alcohol can cause a series of pathological changes by interfering with gene expression, such as through disordered miRNA-mRNA expression networks, epigenetic modifications, disordered metabolism, and even synaptic remodeling. ncRNAs are involved in the transition from moderate drinking to alcohol dependence.

An S-scheme heterojunction is constructed with α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and In–CN nanosheets as a highly efficient photocatalyst for CO2 reduction.

Purpose Cognitive impairment is a common feature among patients with diffuse glioma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and clinical and molecular factors under the new 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS 5). Methods A total of 110 patients with diffuse glioma were enrolled and underwent preoperative cognitive assessments using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Clinical information was collected from medical records, and gene sequencing was performed to analyze 18 most influenced gene alterations. The differences in cognitive function between patients with and without glioblastoma were compared under both CNS 4 and CNS 5 to assess the effect of differentiation on cognition. Results The study found that age, tumor location, and glioblastoma had significant differences on cognitive function. Several genetic alterations were significantly correlated with cognition. For most focused genes, patients with a low number of genetic alterations tended to have better cognitive function. Conclusion Our study suggested that, in addition to general clinical characteristics such as age, histological type and tumor location, the molecular characteristics of glioma play a crucial role in cognitive function. Further research into the mechanisms by which tumors affect brain function is expected to enhance the quality of life for glioma patients. The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering both clinical and molecular factors in the management of glioma patients to improve cognitive outcomes.

BackgroundThe 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors incorporated specific molecular alterations into the categorization of gliomas. The major revision of the classification scheme effectuates significant changes in the diagnosis and management of glioma. This study aimed to depict the clinical, molecular, and prognostic characteristics of glioma and its subtypes according to the current WHO classification.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for glioma at Peking Union Medical College Hospital during 11 years were re-examined for tumor genetic alterations using next-generation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction-based assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods and enrolled in the analysis.ResultsThe enrolled 452 gliomas were reclassified into adult-type diffuse glioma (ntotal=373; astrocytoma, n=78; oligodendroglioma, n=104; glioblastoma, n=191), pediatric-type diffuse glioma (ntotal=23; low-grade, n=8; high-grade, n=15), circumscribed astrocytic glioma (n=20), and glioneuronal and neuronal tumor (n=36). The composition, definition, and incidence of adult- and pediatric-type gliomas changed significantly between the 4th and the 5th editions of the classification. The clinical, radiological, molecular, and survival characteristics of each subtype of glioma were identified. Alterations in CDK4/6, CIC, FGFR2/3/4, FUBP1, KIT, MET, NF1, PEG3, RB1, and NTRK2 were additional factors correlated with the survival of different subtypes of gliomas.ConclusionsThe updated WHO classification based on histology and molecular alterations has updated our understanding of the clinical, radiological, molecular, survival, and prognostic characteristics of varied subtypes of gliomas and provided accurate guidance for diagnosis and potential prognosis for patients.

This work aims to develop a modulation strategy for converting red mud (RM) into cementitious material based on elucidating the phase transformation of hydrogarnet. The results show that cementitious minerals 2CaO⋅SiO2 (C2S), 12CaO⋅7Al2O3 (C12A7), and 4CaO⋅Al2O3⋅Fe2O3 (C4AF), as well as the free iron minerals Fe and FeO, are formed by integrating calcification dealkalization and reduction roasting treatment of RM. During the reduction roasting process, CaO is preferentially combined with SiO2 and Al2O3 to form cementitious minerals, and the Fe(III) compounds in hydrogarnet and hematite can be directly reduced to free iron minerals without intermediate ferrites. By optimizing the reduction roasting parameters and eliminating the useless minerals 2CaO⋅Al2O3⋅SiO2 (C2AS) and FeO, the reduction roasting product is mainly composed of C2S, C12A7, C4AF, and Fe. Therefore, cementitious material is obtained after the magnetic separation of Fe, which possesses both early and late hydration properties. In addition, 75% Fe in RM can be recovered, and the reduced iron powder (RIP) is also useful in the cement clinker production or steel smelting process. The findings in this work lay the foundations for understanding the phase transformation of RM-derived hydrogarnet in the reduction roasting process and also provide a new reference for the modulation and utilization of RM in the cement and concrete field.

BackgroundThe addition of endocrine therapy to salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is expected to further improve the prognosis of patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP). The quantitative synthesis of clinical outcomes of SRT combined with endocrine therapy is limited. Whether salvage radiotherapy plus endocrine therapy remains inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of salvage radiotherapy combined with endocrine therapy in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library was performed for articles published between January 1, 2012 and October 10, 2022. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 (Cochrane Collaboration Software). Main outcome and measures included biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), metastasis free survival (MFS), overall survival (OS), and Grade 3 or higher adverse events (3+AEs), including acute and late adverse events.ResultsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, 4 randomized controlled studies enrolling 2731 male (1374 of whom received SRT combined with endocrine therapy and 1357 controls) met the inclusion criteria. SRT combined with endocrine therapy were related to significantly improve bPFS (HR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.46 0.59; pConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis found superior efficacy associated with adding endocrine therapy to SRT compared with SRT alone in patients with biochemical recurrence after RP. Additional endocrine therapy is safe and feasible for patients with biochemical recurrence after RP.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42022365432).

Background: A increasing number of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have achieved no evidence of diseases (NED) status after surgery or other treatments. However, the latest guidelines for colorectal cancer do not recommend an appropriate treatment for patients with mCRC who achieve NED status. Capecitabine has the advantages of significant efficacy and minimal adverse reactions. Thus, capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy is a potential effective method for maintenance treatment for mCRC, but no relevant clinical studies have been reported. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy as maintenance treatment for mCRC patients who achieve NED. Methods/design: This study is a prospective, randomized controlled study that evaluates the efficacy and safety of capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy for patients with mCRC who achieve NED status. Sixty eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either a capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy group or a “watch and wait” group at a 1:1 allocation ratio. Eligible patients diagnosed with stage IV mCRC, both the primary tumor and the metastases, are those who have achieved R0 resection (or complete destruction by ablation) and reached NED. Participants who are enrolled in the capecitabine group will receive capecitabine 500 mg/m2 (bid) for 2 years. Meanwhile, those who are assigned to the control group will receive regular imaging examination and follow-up only. All participants will follow up for one year after receiving 2 years of intervention. The primary outcomes will be progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from randomization. Secondary outcomes will include 2-year and 1-year survival, adverse reactions and quality of life scores. Discussion: As a potentially effective treatment, low-dose capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy has been explored in clinical practice. The results of this trial will provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of capecitabine metronomic chemotherapy for patients with mCRC who have reached NED status. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100047149, protocol version number F2.0)

Purpose: The diagnosis of glioma has got an advance since the WHO 2021 classification published with more molecular alternations involved in the integrate diagnoses pathways. Our study was aimed to show our experience on the clinical features and management of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant based on latest WHO classification. Methods: Patients diagnosed with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant based on WHO 5th edition classification of CNS tumors at our center from Jan 2009 to Jan 2022 were included, and divided to WHO 2-3 grade group and WHO 4 grade group. Integrate diagnoses according to WHO 2016 and 2021 classification were confirmed retrospectively. Clinical and MRI features were reviewed and survival analysis was done. Results: A total of 60 patients were included. 21.43% (6/28) of patients diagnosed with grade II and 58.33% (7/12) of patients with grade III by WHO 4th edition classification changed into grade 4 by WHO 5th classification. Sex, recurrent glioma and Ki-67 index of pathological exam were statistically different in WHO grade 2-3 group (n=27) and WHO grade 4 group (n=33). CDK6, FGFR2, MYC alterations shown an enrichment in WHO grade 4 group. Patients with higher grade shown shorter mOS (mOS=75.9m, 53.6m, 26.4m for grade 2, 3, 4 respectively). FGFR2 alternations was associated with worse survival for patients with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, WHO grade 4 (p=0.013). Conclusion: Patients changed diagnoses as WHO grade 4 by 2021 WHO classification had worse prognoses, and treatment should be tailored personally for them. More researches of the management of IDH-mutant astrocytoma are needed in the future.

Realizing high-efficiency solar-driven CO2 reduction to chemicals and fuels requires high-performance photocatalysts with high utilization efficiency of solar light, efficient charge separation and transfer, and robust adsorption capacity for CO2. In this work, a tubular In2O3-C/CdIn2S4 (IOC/CIS) ternary heterojunction with an intimate interfacial contact was fabricated by pyrolysis of In-MIL-68 and subsequent solvothermal synthesis of CdIn2S4. The construction of a heterojunction promotes the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated carriers. The introduction of carbon not only accelerates the interfacial charge migration but also enhances light absorption and CO2 adsorption. The resulting 5IOC/CIS sample presents a remarkably improved photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity with a CO generation rate of 2432 μmol g-1 h-1, much higher than that of the In2O3/CdIn2S4 (IO/CIS) heterojunction (1906 μmol g-1 h-1). Furthermore, the type II charge transfer mechanism of the heterojunction was confirmed by the electron paramagnetic resonance characterization. This work provides new insight into the design and preparation of a highly efficient hollow heterojunction for photocatalytic applications.

AMPA receptor mediate most fast excitatory synaptic transmission and play a key role in synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) by trafficking and targeting of its subunits to individual postsynaptic membrane. Collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), an intracellular phospho-protein, has been reported to promote the maturation of the dendritic spine and transfer AMPA receptors to the membrane. However, our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of CRMP2 regulating AMPA receptors trafficking is limited. Here, we reported that CRMP2 promoted the surface expression of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit in cultured hippocampal neurons and in HEK293T cells expressing GluA1 subunits. Furthermore, we found that CRMP2 interacted with GluA1, and their interaction was inhibited by CRMP2 phosphorylation at ser522. Moreover, our results showed that phosphorylation of CRMP2 at ser522 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) decreased the fluorescence intensity of surface GluA1 and the amplitude and frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in cultured hippocampal neurons, indicating a reduction levels and synaptic function of AMPA receptors. Taken together, our data demonstrated that phosphorylation of CRMP2 by Cdk5 is important for AMPA receptor surface delivery in hippocampal neurons.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by the development of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, associated with considerable risks to both the mother and developing fetus. Although emerging evidence suggests an association between the altered gut microbiota and GDM, remarkably little is known about the microbial and metabolic mechanisms that link the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota to the development of GDM. In this study, a metagenome-wide association study and serum metabolomics profiling were performed in a cohort of pregnant women with GDM and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We identified gut microbial alterations associated with GDM and linked to the changes in circulating metabolites. Blood metabolite profiles revealed that GDM patients exhibited a marked increase in 2-hydroxybutyric acid and L-alpha-aminobutyric acid, but a decrease in methionine sulfoxide, allantoin, and dopamine and dopaminergic synapse, when compared with those in NGT controls. Short-chain fatty acid-producing genera, including

Malignant peritoneal effusion is a common complication of advanced malignancies, which has a poor prognosis for patients. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been widely used in the treatment of advanced gynecological tumors, especially ovarian cancer (OC). Relative studies have indicated that HIPEC allows for direct exposure of tumor cells to high peritoneal concentrations of cytotoxic drugs without increasing systemic toxicity compared with intravenous treatment. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor for injection (rmhTNF-NC) is a safely tolerated immunotherapeutic drug that has becoming a mainstay of treatment for malignant effusions. Currently, a prospective study is required to determining the efficacy of rmhTNF-NC plus cisplatin for the treatment of malignant peritoneal effusion for OC.Design and setting: This is a single-center, open trial will be performed in Zhongshan Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.Eligible patients will be those with advanced gynecologic cancers and who would be suitable for HIPEC.HIPEC with cisplatin and intraperitoneal perfusion with rmhTNF-NC.Further chemotherapy will be offered to patients as per current practice.OutcomesPilot study: Patients and clinicians' acceptability of the trial to assist in optimization of recruitment.Primary outcome: One-year overall survival (OS).Secondary outcomes: Progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events.Follow-up: One-year follow-up for OS.Sample size: Twenty patients to demonstrate therapeutic effect of peritoneal effusion caused by OC.This trial will determine the effectiveness of HIPEC with cisplatin and intraperitoneal perfusion with rmhTNF-NC for advanced gynecologic cancers, and guide the optimal treatment for these patients.

Adjusting the local coordination environment of lanthanide luminescent ions is a useful method to manipulate the relevant photoluminescence (PL) property. K3Lu(PO4)2 is a phase-change material, and according to the stable temperature range from low to high, the related polymorphs are phase I [P21/m, coordination number (CN) of Lu3+ = 7], phase II (P21/m, CN = 6), and phase III (P3, CN = 6), respectively. Based on the temperature-dependent PL analysis of K3Lu(PO4)2:Pr3+, we find that Pr3+ ions occupy the noninversion sites (Cs) in the two low-temperature phases but preferentially enter into the inversion ones (C3i) in phase III. Compared to Pr3+-doped phase I (78 K), Pr3+ ions in phase III (300 K) manifest a weaker fluorescence intensity (170-fold lower). To enhance the room-temperature PL property of K3Lu(PO4)2:Pr3+, a polymorphous adjustment strategy was proposed by the use of the ion-doping method. By introducing the Gd3+ ions into the lattice, Pr3+-doped phase I is successfully stabilized to room temperature, manifesting a 27-fold fluorescence increase in comparison to K3Lu(PO4)2:Pr3+ (0.1 at. %). The finding discussed in this study highlights the significance of site engineering for luminescent ions and also presents the application value of phase-change hosts in the development of high-performance luminescent materials.

The study investigates the tethered underwater robot's maneuverability and hydrodynamic performance in a uniform flow field. A tethered underwater robot that installs a symmetrically Ka 4–70/19A ducted propellers and vertical rudder is first constructed to simulate the motion. The numerical simulation is based on the multiples computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, such as overlapping grid, sliding mesh, and finite volume method that solves the N–S equations. The six-degrees-of-freedom model and relative motion principle are also adopted to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of the tethered underwater robot at different towing speeds. The reliability of the numerical method is verified by the experimental result. The numerical results indicate that the control effect of control equipment is greatly influenced by the towing speeds, and the mutual effect between the tethered underwater robot and control equipment is not negligible.

The hydraulic load-sensing system is a more efficient system solution than constant pressure system in mobile machine. However, the overall system efficiency for multiple actuators is still low since this centralized hydraulic control system only adapts to the highest load pressure. Therefore in this paper, a distributed hydraulic control system where each function is powered by a hydraulic free piston engine is proposed. Compared with centralized solution, it is more efficient since the power of hydraulic free piston engine is tailored to each function. By integrating small inertia linear engine and pump piston in one unit, the hydraulic free piston engine is an efficient and fast response hydraulic power source. Since the hydraulic free piston engine is essentially a digital hydraulic power source, a digital load-sensing control is proposed in this study. The system architecture, modeling, controller design and performance of the digital hydraulic load-sensing control system are presented. A test bench is developed to verify the system feasibility and performance.

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases have been a growing threat to the health of humanity, emphasizing the urgent need of exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of various CNS diseases. Primary neurons are directly obtained from animals or humans, which have wide applications including disease modeling, mechanism exploration and drug development. However, traditional two-dimensional (2D) monoculture cannot resemble the native microenvironment of CNS. With the increasing understanding of the complexity of the CNS and the remarkable development of novel biomaterials, in vitro models have experienced great innovation from 2D monoculture toward three-dimensional (3D) multicellular culture. The scope of this review includes the progress of various in vitro models of primary neurons in recent years to provide a holistic view of the modalities and applications of primary neuron models and how they have been connected with the revolution of biofabrication techniques. Special attention has been paid to the interaction between primary neurons and biomaterials. First, a brief introduction on the history of CNS modeling and primary neuron culture was conducted. Next, detailed progress in novel in vitro models were discussed ranging from 2D culture, ex vivo model, spheroid, scaffold-based model, 3D bioprinting model, and microfluidic chip. Modalities, applications, advantages, and limitations of the aforementioned models were described separately. Finally, we explored future prospects, providing new insights into how basic science research methodologies have advanced our understanding of the CNS, and highlighted some future directions of primary neuron culture in the next few decades.

The occurrence of tumors is associated with the upregulation or downregulation of certain genes. The identification of novel tumor therapies has revealed that regulation of tumor cell death can either promote or suppress the occurrence and development of tumors. Iron‑dependent lipid free oxygen radical accumulation causes tumor cells to die by ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death. Multiple mechanisms mediate this mode of cell death, including redox homeostasis, iron metabolism, mitochondrial activity, breakdown of amino acids, lipids and sugars and epigenetic regulatory and disease‑associated signaling pathways. The present review discussed epigenetic mechanism of ferroptosis with the aim of providing novel insight for optimization of the effects of antitumor therapy.

This paper presents a cooperative traffic control strategy to increase the capacity of nonrecurrent bottlenecks such as work zones by making full use of the spatial resources upstream of w...

Tumor-treating fields (TTFields), a noninvasive and innovative therapeutic approach, has emerged as the fourth most effective treatment option for the management of glioblastomas (GBMs), the most deadly primary brain cancer. According to on recent milestone randomized trials and subsequent observational data, TTFields therapy leads to substantially prolonged patient survival and acceptable adverse events. Clinical trials are ongoing to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of TTFields in treating GBMs and its biological and radiological correlations. TTFields is administered by delivering low-intensity, intermediate-frequency, alternating electric fields to human GBM function through different mechanisms of action, including by disturbing cell mitosis, delaying DNA repair, enhancing autophagy, inhibiting cell metabolism and angiogenesis, and limiting cancer cell migration. The abilities of TTFields to strengthen intratumoral antitumor immunity, increase the permeability of the cell membrane and the blood–brain barrier, and disrupt DNA-damage-repair processes make it a promising therapy when combined with conventional treatment modalities. However, the overall acceptance of TTFields in real-world clinical practice is still low. Given that increasing studies on this promising topic have been published recently, we conducted this updated review on the past, present, and future of TTFields in GBMs.