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The present study aimed to clarify whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have differential effects on blood pressure and inflammatory mediators. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus updated to Apr. 2018. The mean changes in risk factors of chronic diseases were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random-effects model. Twenty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The summary estimate showed that EPA intervention significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-2.6 mmHg; 95%confident interval (CI): -4.6, -0.5 mmHg), especially in subjects with dyslipidemia (-3.8 mmHg; 95%CI: -6.7, -0.8 mmHg). The pooled effect indicated that supplemental DHA exerted a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in subjects with dyslipidemia (-3.1 mmHg; 95%CI: -5.9, -0.2 mmHg). Both EPA (-0.56 mg/L; 95%CI: -1.13, 0.00) and DHA (-0.5 mg/L; 95%CI: -1.0, -0.03) significantly reduced the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), respectively, especially in subjects with dyslipidemia and higher baseline CRP concentrations. Given that limited trials have focused on EPA or DHA intervention on concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, further RCTs should be explored on these inflammatory factors. The present meta-analysis provides substantial evidence that EPA and DHA have independent (blood pressure) and shared (CRP concentration) effects on risk factors of chronic diseases, and high-quality RCTs with multi-center and large simple-size should be performed to confirm the present findings.

In order to investigate the effect of magnetic field on the antibacterial substances from black pepper, we used shaking and ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis and Aspergillus niger as indicator bacteria respectively. Meanwhile, extraction rate and diameter of inhibition zone were regarded as the activity monitoring parameters. The results showed the existence of magnetic field can make a difference. It weakened the antibacterial activity of black pepper by shaking extraction. However, the antibacterial activity of substances to Aspergillus niger was proportional to the intensity of the applied magnetic field by ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.

We proposed a scheme to generate a multi-component squeezed coherent states with arbitrary coefficients on a line in phase space for multiple trapped ions radiated by a single standing-wave laser whose carrier frequency is tuned to the ions transition. In the scheme each ion does not need to be exactly positioned at the node of the standing wave. Furthermore, our scheme may allow the generation of a multi-component squeezed coherent states with large mean phonon number in a fast way by choosing a suitable laser intensity, which is important in view of de-coherence processes.