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It is widely acknowledged that the malformed fish shows low resistance to diseases due to abnormal development of body, leading to the decrease of viability. Until now, there is no evidence for the relationship between developmental abnormalities and pathogen infections in fish breeding. In this study, the first record of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection in Micropterus salmoides was reported. Importantly, an interesting phenomenon that malformed fish suffered from more serious Ichthyophthiriasis than normal fish was demonstrated with the investigation of differences in the infection rate and the number of trophonts. Furthermore, the immune response, histopathological examination, and efficacy of antiparasitic drug against I. multifiliis infection were determined in normal and malformed fish. The fish affected by malformation resulted in decline of survival rate after infection with I. multifiliis at day 2 in comparison to the fish with normal development (p

We demonstrate the optical absorption has been enhanced in the small molecule organic solar cells by employing trapezoid grating structure. The enhanced absorption is mainly attributed to both waveguide modes and surface plasmon modes, which has been simulated by using finite-difference time-domain method. The simulated results show that the surface plasmon along the semitransparent metallic Ag anode is excited by introducing the periodical trapezoid gratings, which induce high intensity field increment in the donor layer. Meanwhile, the waveguide modes result a high intensity field in acceptor layer. The increment of field improves the absorption of organic solar cells, significantly, which has been demonstrated by simulating the electrical properties. The simulated results exhibiting 31 % increment of the short-circuit current has been achieved in the optimized device, which is supported by the experimental measurement. The power conversion efficiency of the grating sample obtained in experiment exhibits an enhancement of 7.7 %.