Search

Additional file 1.

We are conducting a scoping review of organisational suicide prevention programmes with the aim of identifying how these could be applied to the NHS.

We introduce a class of semi-device-independent protocols based on the breaking of spacetime symmetries. In particular, we characterise how the response of physical systems to spatial rotations constrains the probabilities of events that may be observed: in our setup, the set of quantum correlations arises from rotational symmetry without assuming quantum physics. On a practical level, our results allow for the generation of secure random numbers without trusting the devices or assuming quantum theory. On a fundamental level, we open a theory-agnostic framework for probing the interplay between probabilities of events (as prevalent in quantum mechanics) and the properties of spacetime (as prevalent in relativity)., Comment: 5+11 pages, 3 figures. Comments welcome

Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is an epidemic that continues to affect both men and women in East Africa. Despite the high prevalence of SGBV in this region, sexual offence policies are often unclear, poorly enforced, or completely lacking. When policies do exist practitioners who assist survivors in the aftermath of the violation often are unaware of them, or may not implement them for a host of reasons (e.g., culture, personal beliefs, and resource limitations). This scoping review seeks to evaluate the literature on existing sexual offense policies in East Africa and understand the consequences of its implementation, or lack thereof, on a survivor’s justice and medical and psychological wellbeing.

Edward Ihnatowicz n’était pas certain d’être un artiste, mais de toute évidence, il était en train de s’éloigner du monde des ingénieurs. Maniant les platines d’expérimentation, les fils de cuivre, les interrupteurs et les capteurs électroniques, il avait, comme beaucoup, été influencé par la cybernétique à la fin des années 1960, ce qu’il exprimait à travers la création de sculptures et d’environnements dont les éléments entraient en interaction les uns avec les autres. À l’époque, il ne s’a...

Que se passe-t-il quand, soudain, un objet qui nous fait face s’anime ? Comment envisager ces objets qui tendent à se comporter comme des sujets ? Les reléguer au rang de curiosités parascientifiques, de phénomènes paranormaux, de bizarreries surréalistes ? Les considérer comme des produits d’ingénierie, en apprécier l’exploit mimétique qui permet de leur prêter vie ? Les regarder comme des objets d’art, saisir les ouvertures critiques qu’ils apportent ? Ou les prendre au sérieux, comme les personnages d’un conte moral qui nous révèlent un monde habité par d’autres ? Ou, encore, faut-il en avoir peur, comme de créatures qui se révolteraient contre leurs créateurs, menaçant notre sécurité, nos certitudes ? Cet ouvrage réunit un ensemble de textes aux registres stylistiques hétéroclites, du récit narratif à l’essai analytique, du témoignage à la dystopie. Construit comme une enquête à plusieurs voix, il révèle le potentiel de suggestion fictionnelle et philosophique de l’animation des choses, en questionnant la persistance de formes d’animisme au sein du projet de la modernité. À travers l’horizon d’une remise en question des fondements anthropocentriques de la culture occidentale, ces épisodes dessinent une autre histoire, à la frontière entre nature et artifice, entre sujet et objet, entre vivant et non-vivant, où toutes ces polarités sont suspendues à l’inquiétante étrangeté, au vertige et au doute qui nous saisissent face au comportement des choses.

Aims: To determine the barriers and enablers to regular, women-oriented screening programmes for women with cerebral palsy (CP); and to discuss the participants’ suggestions for change. Design: Qualitative life course approach. Methods: Twenty-five life course interviews were conducted with women in 2020 who identified as having a diagnosis of CP. Interviews were conducted in person or using electronic platforms. Framework analysis was used to interpret the data. Findings: Access and utilization of regular screening programmes for women with CP across the life course are determined by multiple socioecological factors. Three themes are discussed focusing particularly on cervical and breast screening: 1. barriers, 2. enablers and 3. women's suggestions for change. Some women chose to opt out of sexual health checks for fear they would be too uncomfortable or the procedure would be too difficult. Practitioner attitudes towards disability in general, as well as the extent to which they understood the effects of CP for women, was highlighted as a barrier. Accessibility and adaptability of the environment also influenced women's uptake of screening. Conclusion: Women with CP face many challenges to their sexual and reproductive healthcare. These can deter them from participating in regular women-oriented screening programmes, which puts them at higher risk of preventable diseases. Understanding the lifelong effects of CP for women, and the interaction with their reproductive health could help to reduce unmet needs and increase participation in relevant screening across the life course. Impact: Knowledge of the challenges to regular screening programmes experienced by women with CP across the life course is crucial to provide appropriate preventative healthcare for women with CP across different stages of life. Elements of this knowledge could have benefits for the care of all disabled women.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tva-10.1177_15248380221134289 for Sibling Experiences of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Scoping Review by Ben Donagh, Julie Taylor, Muna al Mushaikhi and Caroline Bradbury-Jones in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

Additional file 1. Breastfeeding support tool. A copy of the breastfeeding support tool used by breastfeeding peer supporters to support breastfeeding among study participants

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tva-10.1177_15248380221134289 for Sibling Experiences of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Scoping Review by Ben Donagh, Julie Taylor, Muna al Mushaikhi and Caroline Bradbury-Jones in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

Poster created by students of The Island School semester research class of Fall 2012

Additional file 2. Inpatient record audit tool. A copy of the inpatient record audit tool used by the study research officer to extract data from the archived inpatient files

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tva-10.1177_15248380221134292 for A Scoping Review on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Medicolegal Service Provision in East Africa by Sarah Rockowitz, Heather Flowe and Caroline Bradbury-Jones in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

Supplemental Material for Providing a Supportive Environment for Disclosure of Sexual Violence and Abuse in a Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Setting: A Realist Review by Rachel J. Caswell, Jonathan D. C. Ross, Ian Maidment, and Carrie Bradbury-Jones in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

A significant part of the Centre’s research is reliant on the participation of indigenous communities in Australia and the Asia-Pacific, and actively contributes to the transmission and safeguarding of important cultural, linguistic and historical information. The Centre recognises the right of indigenous communities and individuals to maintain, control, protect and develop their traditional knowledge and cultural expressions, and the inherent ownership they have over this intellectual property. The Centre also recognises that communities and individuals within the region hold different views as to what these rights entail. Research conducted by Centre staff and students at the collaborating institutions is subject to approval by the respective institutional human research ethics committees. These statutory committees review and approve research involving Indigenous people with specific reference to Values and Ethics: Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Research (NHMRC 2003), and AIATSIS Code of Ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research (AIATSIS 2021), plus the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (NHMRC, ARC, AVCC 2007) and ask researchers to consider expectations in Keeping Research on Track (NHMRC 2006). However, the CoE acknowledges that simply adhering to institutional requirements does not entail an ethical outcome, and we endorse the NHMRC’s statement that it “is possible for researchers to ‘meet’ rule-based requirements without engaging fully with the implications of difference and values relevant to their research. The approach advanced in these guidelines is more demanding of researchers as it seeks to move from compliance to trust.” (NHMRC 2003: 4)

Credited with averting almost 68% of new cases between 2000 and 2015, insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are one of the most efficacious malaria-prevention tools. Their effectiveness, however, depends on if and how they are used, making 'compliance' (and the social factors affecting it) a key area of interest for research on malaria transmission. This article situates the notion of compliance with 'bednet use' within everyday practices in an area of south-west Burkina Faso with high malaria transmission. By drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2017 and 2018, it critically describes the precarious micro-environments that foreground bednet use-from gender and age to the means of (re)production of social and labour conditions-and assesses the bednets' effectiveness and community uptake. Bednet use stems from concrete, ordinary dynamics that interweave only apparently at the margins of the time individuals most need to be protected by a net. This work conceptualises 'compliance' beyond binary indicators of intervention uptake and locates 'use' as the result of contingent assemblages.

Funding: This work was supported by the UK National Lottery Heritage Fund, Aberdeenshire Council Archaeology Service, Historic Environment Scotland, the University of Aberdeen, and the Lithic Studies Society. The rich resources of river valleys provided a focus for much Mesolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher activities across Europe. In Scotland there is one notable concentration of lithic evidence for this, at several locations along the River Dee in Aberdeenshire, but the environmental context of these sites has, to date, been poorly understood. Here we present evidence from excavation, repeated field-walking, flint typology, geomorphological mapping, sedimentology, pollen analysis, AMS 14C dating, OSL profiling and dating to understand the postglacial evolution of the terrace surface at the largest concentration of lithics along the River Dee, at Nethermills of Crathes. The aim was to understand in detail the environment and landscape dynamics of the site, to define whether occupation was on the active valley floor or on a terrace above the river, and whether fluvial processes had a role in site formation processes. We conclude that occupation was on a dry wooded surface, the active channel having incised below this, though to an unknown depth, and that although major floods have swept the terrace surface, the present distribution of lithics is probably largely the original distribution. Postprint

This article explores the theoretical and practical role(s) of humour in facilitating outreach about sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in Sierra Leone. While humour might be considered an insensitive way of approaching difficult issues, this project shows that incongruity can in fact be productive. Recognizing that humour itself can be a form of symbolic or physical violence in some contexts, we argue that humour is a means of opening up conversations about violence (in this case SGBV) in order to address the social and legal challenges associated with it. Our pilot project – devised by an interdisciplinary team and conducted in partnership with a Sierra Leonean access-to-justice NGO, Timap for Justice – used comedy and performance to meet two key challenges: to disseminate awareness about social and legal issues related to commonplace practices of SGBV, and to open up a broader discussion about experiences of SGBV. Using empirical evidence from focus groups and interviews, this article shows how a humorous approach proved to be a productive mode of engagement and examines key concepts including ‘the vicinity of laughter’ (involving the spatial and interpersonal aspects of humour), the connections between laughter and memory, and the paradoxical relationship between lived experience, humour and violence.

Chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls, has been associated with allergic disorders such as asthma. However, it is unclear how mammals recognize chitin and the principal receptor(s) on epithelial cells that sense chitin remain to be determined. In this study, we show that LYSMD3 is expressed on the surface of human airway epithelial cells and demonstrate that LYSMD3 is able to bind chitin, as well as beta-glucan, on the cell walls of fungi. Knockdown or knockout of LYSMD3 also sharply blunts the production of inflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells in response to chitin and fungal spores. Competitive inhibition of the LYSMD3 ecto-domain by soluble LYSMD3 protein, multiple ligands, or antibody against LYSMD3 also blocks chitin signaling. Our study reveals LYSMD3 as a mammalian pattern recognition receptor (PRR) for chitin and establishes its role in epithelial cell inflammatory responses to chitin and fungi. NIHUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01AI130411, R21AI115986] Published version This work was supported by NIH R21AI115986 to C.B.L. and L.L. and by NIH R01AI130411 to B.S.K. The Graphical abstract was created with BioRender. com.

Andrew Whitman,1 Paige Erdeljac,2 Caroline Jones,1 Nicole Pillarella,3 Ginah Nightingale3 1Department of Pharmacy, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA; 2Department of Pharmacy, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA; 3Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USACorrespondence: Ginah NightingaleJefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pharmacy Practice, 901 Walnut Street Suite 946, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USATel +1215-503-3794Fax +1215-503-9052Email ginah.nightingale@jefferson.eduAbstract: The care of older patients with cancer is becoming increasingly complex. Common challenges for this population include management of comorbidities, safe transitions of care, and appropriate medication use. In particular, polypharmacy—generally defined as the regular use of five or more medications—and inappropriate medication use can lead to adverse effects and poor outcomes in older adults with cancer, including falls, hospital readmissions, cognitive impairment, poor adherence to essential medications, chemotherapy toxicity, and increased mortality. Managing polypharmacy across different cancer care settings is often challenging. Providers face barriers to safe and successful medication management that may include lack of time, absence of reimbursement, underappreciation of the scale of polypharmacy-related harm, lack of ownership of deprescribing efforts, and poor communication across care settings. Existing literature on managing inappropriate medication use and polypharmacy in older adults with cancer has often focused on ideal state settings in which resources are plentiful and time is purposefully allocated for medication interventions. This paper presents a narrative, rather than a systematic review, of studies published in the past decade that provided detailed information on medication management and polypharmacy across cancer care settings. This review aims to also summarize different healthcare provider roles in taking action against inappropriate medication use and polypharmacy in older adults with cancer.Keywords: geriatric oncology, polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medication, medication management, deprescribing, cancer care setting, interprofessional team

Additional file 1. Topic guide of the individual and focus group interviews with women.

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Read codes used to describe exposure to domestic violence and abuse. Table S2. The risk of developing COVID-19 in the patients coded with DVA exposure in the one year prior to the study start date compared to the unexposed group

This article explores the theoretical and practical role(s) of humour in facilitating outreach about sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in Sierra Leone. While humour might be considered an insensitive way of approaching difficult issues, this project shows that incongruity can in fact be productive. Recognizing that humour itself can be a form of symbolic or physical violence in some contexts, we argue that humour is a means of opening up conversations about violence (in this case SGBV) in order to address the social and legal challenges associated with it. Our pilot project–devised by an interdisciplinary team and conducted in partnership with a Sierra Leonean access-to-justice NGO, Timap for Justice–used comedy and performance to meet two key challenges: to disseminate awareness about social and legal issues related to commonplace practices of SGBV, and to open up a broader discussion about experiences of SGBV. Using empirical evidence from focus groups and interviews, this article shows how a humorous approach proved to be a productive mode of engagement and examines key concepts including ‘the vicinity of laughter’ (involving the spatial and interpersonal aspects of humour), the connections between laughter and memory, and the paradoxical relationship between lived experience, humour and violence.

Additional file 1. Interview guides- CHW elements. Contains the selected question from the interview guides used for household and key informant interviews from the broader tools used for the study.

Objective: The thesis had two objectives. The first was to examine the effectiveness of self-compassion-focused and mindfulness-based interventions in improving the emotional wellbeing of mental health professionals. A systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive and updated critical examination of the available literature. The second objective was to examine the relationships between carer burden, self-compassion, emotional intelligence, depression and anxiety in family caregivers of individuals with a diagnosis of diagnosis. The empirical study also aimed to identify any potential protective mechanisms of self-compassion and emotional intelligence on the impact of carer burden. Method: To address the first research objective, electronic databases were systematically searched to identify appropriate studies and a quality assessment was undertaken. An independent reviewer assessed the quality of seven papers. To address the second research objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted and participants (N =164) completed five online questionnaires examining carer burden, depression, anxiety, emotional intelligence and self-compassion. Results: In the systematic review, 22 studies comprising 1015 participants met the eligibility criteria to be included in the review. Quality appraisal highlighted several limitations in the studies. There was relatively strong evidence for the effectiveness of both self-compassion and mindfulness-based therapies on multiple measures of emotional wellbeing. There was mixed evidence for the sustained benefits when using longer-term follow-up periods. In the empirical project, higher carer burden was associated with and predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety in family carers of individuals with dementia. Higher self-compassion and emotional intelligence were also associated and predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety. Self-compassion and emotional intelligence did not moderate the relationships between carer burden and depression and anxiety. Conclusions: The findings of the review suggest evidence that self-compassion-focused and mindfulness-based interventions are effective in improving emotional wellbeing in mental health professionals, although methodological weaknesses need to be taken into consideration. Further research is required to establish the evidence base on this topic, in particular longitudinal studies. The empirical study provided evidence that self-compassion and emotional intelligence can predict mental health symptoms in a sample of participants experiencing high levels of carer burden. This suggest that individual differences are important to consider when evaluating resilience in this population. Additional research is required to better understand the interactions between these variables in family caregivers. Note: The overall aim of this thesis was to examine emotional wellbeing in both professionals who work in mental health settings and in informal family caregivers. Due to the increasing amount of research into the constructs of self-compassion and emotional intelligence, the empirical study examined these factors, and their relationships with depression, anxiety and carer burden in a sample of family caregivers of individuals with a diagnosis of dementia. Due to the limited number of research studies examining these factors in family carergivers, a systematic review was not warranted. As such, the systematic review aimed to highlight the needs of ‘professional carers’ by examining the effectiveness of self-compassion and mindfulness-based in mental health professionals. Overall, the thesis aims to further the research into self-compassion, mindfulness and emotional intelligence, emotional wellbeing in both family and professional caregivers.

Contains fulltext : 220862.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Peer review is at the heart of the scientific process. With the advent of digitisation, journals started to offer electronic articles or publishing online only. A new philosophy regarding the peer review process found its way into academia: the open peer review. Open peer review as practiced by BioMed Central (BMC) is a type of peer review where the names of authors and reviewers are disclosed and reviewer comments are published alongside the article. A number of articles have been published to assess peer reviews using quantitative research. However, no studies exist that used qualitative methods to analyse the content of reviewers' comments. METHODS: A focused mapping review and synthesis (FMRS) was undertaken of manuscripts reporting qualitative research submitted to BMC open access journals from 1 January - 31 March 2018. Free-text reviewer comments were extracted from peer review reports using a 77-item classification system organised according to three key dimensions that represented common themes and sub-themes. A two stage analysis process was employed. First, frequency counts were undertaken that allowed revealing patterns across themes/sub-themes. Second, thematic analysis was conducted on selected themes of the narrative portion of reviewer reports. RESULTS: A total of 107 manuscripts submitted to nine open-access journals were included in the FMRS. The frequency analysis revealed that among the 30 most frequently employed themes "writing criteria" (dimension II) is the top ranking theme, followed by comments in relation to the "methods" (dimension I). Besides that, some results suggest an underlying quantitative mindset of reviewers. Results are compared and contrasted in relation to established reporting guidelines for qualitative research to inform reviewers and authors of frequent feedback offered to enhance the quality of manuscripts. CONCLUSIONS: This FMRS has highlighted some important issues that hold lessons for authors, reviewers and editors. We suggest modifying the current reporting guidelines by including a further item called "Degree of data transformation" to prompt authors and reviewers to make a judgment about the appropriateness of the degree of data transformation in relation to the chosen analysis method. Besides, we suggest that completion of a reporting checklist on submission becomes a requirement.

In the context of stalling progress against malaria, resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides, and residual transmission, mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin, an endectocide used for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), has emerged as a promising complementary vector control method. Ivermectin reduces the life span of Anopheles mosquitoes that feed on treated humans and/or livestock, potentially decreasing malaria parasite transmission when administered at the community level. Following the publication by WHO of the preferred product characteristics for endectocides as vector control tools, this roadmap provides a comprehensive view of processes needed to make ivermectin available as a vector control tool by 2024 with a completely novel mechanism of action. The roadmap covers various aspects, which include 1) the definition of optimal dosage/regimens for ivermectin MDA in both humans and livestock, 2) the risk of resistance to the drug and environmental impact, 3) ethical issues, 4) political and community engagement, 5) translation of evidence into policy, and 6) operational aspects of large-scale deployment of the drug, all in the context of a drug given as a prevention tool acting at the community level. The roadmap reflects the insights of a multidisciplinary group of global health experts who worked together to elucidate the path to inclusion of ivermectin in the toolbox against malaria, to address residual transmission, counteract insecticide resistance, and contribute to the end of this deadly disease.

Reestablishing exclusive breastfeeding is the cornerstone of the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines for acute malnutrition in infants less than 6 months. However, no studies have investigated guideline implementation and subsequent outcomes in a public hospital setting in Africa. To facilitate implementation of the WHO 2013 guidelines in Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, we developed standard operating procedure, recruited, and trained three breastfeeding peer supporters (BFPS). Between September 2016 and January 2018, the BFPS provided individual breastfeeding support to mothers of infants aged 4 weeks to 4 months admitted to Kilifi County Hospital with an illness and acute malnutrition (mid‐upper‐arm circumference < 11.0 cm OR weight‐for‐age z score < −2 OR weight‐for‐length z score < ‐2). Infants were followed daily while in hospital then every 2 weeks for 6 weeks after discharge with data collected on breastfeeding, infant growth, morbidity, and mortality. Of 106 infants with acute malnutrition at admission, 51 met the inclusion criteria for the study. Most enrolled mothers had multiple breastfeeding challenges, which were predominantly technique based. Exclusive breastfeeding was 55% at admission and 81% at discharge; at discharge 67% of infants had attained a weight velocity of >5 g/kg/day for three consecutive days on breastmilk alone. Gains in weight‐for‐length z score and weight‐for‐age z score were generally not sustained beyond 2 weeks after discharge. BFPS operated effectively in an inpatient setting, applying the 2013 updated WHO guidelines and increasing rates of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. However, lack of continued increase in anthropometric Z scores after discharge suggests the need for more sustained interventions.

Additional file 1. Breastfeeding observation aid. Checklist for assessment of breastfeeding technique.

Additional file 3. Identifying what behaviour needs to change linked to COM-B.

Additional file 1. Mixed Methods Conceptual Framework.

Additional file 4. Summary of interviewees.

Additional file 5. Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies: the StaRI checklist.

Additional file 1 References of all manuscripts included in the analysis (n = 107).

Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is the deposition of calcium phosphate mineral, often as hydroxyapatite, in the medial layer of the arteries. AMC shares some similarities to skeletal mineralisation and has been associated with the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) towards an osteoblast-like phenotype. This study used primary mouse VSMCs and calvarial osteoblasts to directly compare the established and widely used in vitro models of AMC and bone formation. Significant differences were identified between osteoblasts and calcifying VSMCs. First, osteoblasts formed large mineralised bone nodules that were associated with widespread deposition of an extracellular collagenous matrix. In contrast, VSMCs formed small discrete regions of calcification that were not associated with collagen deposition and did not resemble bone. Second, calcifying VSMCs displayed a progressive reduction in cell viability over time (≤7-fold), with a 50% increase in apoptosis, whereas osteoblast and control VSMCs viability remained unchanged. Third, osteoblasts expressed high levels of alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and TNAP inhibition reduced bone formation by to 90%. TNAP activity in calcifying VSMCs was ∼100-fold lower than that of bone-forming osteoblasts and cultures treated with β-glycerophosphate, a TNAP substrate, did not calcify. Furthermore, TNAP inhibition had no effect on VSMC calcification. Although, VSMC calcification was associated with increased mRNA expression of osteoblast-related genes (e.g. Runx2, osterix, osteocalcin, osteopontin), the relative expression of these genes was up to 40-fold lower in calcifying VSMCs versus bone-forming osteoblasts. In summary, calcifying VSMCs in vitro display some limited osteoblast-like characteristics but also differ in several key respects: 1) their inability to form collagen-containing bone; 2) their lack of reliance on TNAP to promote mineral deposition; and, 3) the deleterious effect of calcification on their viability.

Aims: The aim of this narrative synthesis was to explore the necessary and sufficient conditions required to define moral distress. Background: Moral distress is said to occur when one has made a moral judgement but is unable to act upon it. However, problems with this narrow conception have led to multiple redefinitions in the empirical and conceptual literature. As a consequence, much of the research exploring moral distress has lacked conceptual clarity, complicating attempts to study the phenomenon. Design: Systematic literature review and narrative synthesis (November 2015–March 2016). Data sources: Ovid MEDLINE ® In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations 1946–Present, PsycINFO ® 1967–Present, CINAHL ® Plus 1937–Present, EMBASE 1974–24 February 2016, British Nursing Index 1994–Present, Social Care Online, Social Policy and Practice Database (1890–Present), ERIC (EBSCO) 1966–Present and Education Abstracts. Review methods: Literature relating to moral distress was systematically retrieved and subjected to relevance assessment. Narrative synthesis was the overarching framework that guided quality assessment, data analysis and synthesis. Results: In all, 152 papers underwent initial data extraction and 34 were chosen for inclusion in the narrative synthesis based on both quality and relevance. Analysis revealed different proposed conditions for the occurrence of moral distress: moral judgement, psychological and physical effects, moral dilemmas, moral uncertainty, external and internal constraints and threats to moral integrity. Conclusion: We suggest the combination of (1) the experience of a moral event, (2) the experience of ‘psychological distress’ and (3) a direct causal relation between (1) and (2) together are necessary and sufficient conditions for moral distress.

Supplemental Material, Appendix_Included_studies for The “Neglected” Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Oral Health? An International Scoping Review of Research by Caroline Bradbury-Jones, Louise Isham, Alexander John Morris and Julie Taylor in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

Supplemental material, Supplementary_1_depression_and_anxiety_v2 for Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Developing Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Joht Singh Chandan, Tom Thomas, Karim Raza, Caroline Bradbury-Jones, Julie Taylor, Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay and Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar in Journal of Interpersonal Violence

SUPPLEMENTARY_INFORMATION_-resubmission for What is ‘moral distress’ in nursing? A feminist empirical bioethics study by Georgina Morley, Caroline Bradbury-Jones and Jonathan Ives in Nursing Ethics

Aims Understanding the spectrum of disease, symptom burden and natural history are essential for the management of children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The effect of changing screening practices over time has not previously been studied. This study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of childhood HCM over four decades in a well-characterized United Kingdom cohort. Methods and results Six hundred and eighty-seven patients with HCM presented at a median age of 5.2 years (range 0–16). Aetiology was: non-syndromic (n = 433, 63%), RASopathy (n = 126, 18.3%), Friedreich’s ataxia (n = 59, 8.6%) or inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) (n = 64, 9%). In infants (n = 159, 23%) underlying aetiology was more commonly a RASopathy (42% vs. 11.2%, P

Interview schedule.This contains the full set of questions asked in the interview. For questions with other than an open response, it also contains the response options from which the participant chose. (DOCX 119 kb)

Albinism includes a group of inherited conditions that result in reduced melanin production. It has been documented across the world, with a high frequency in sub-Saharan Africa. There is very little published research about the lives of people with albinism, but available evidence shows that myths abound regarding their condition. They are feared, viewed with suspicion and believed to have supernatural powers. In this study we explored the links between beliefs, myths, traditions and positive/negative attitudes that surround people with albinism in Uganda. The study was located philosophically within Ubuntu-an Afrocentric worldview-and theoretically within the Common-Sense Model of self-regulation of health and illness that originates from the work of Leventhal in 2003. This qualitative study took place in eight districts of Busoga sub-region, Uganda between 2015 and 2017. Data collection comprised eight group discussions and 17 individual interviews with a range of informants, capturing the viewpoints of 73 participants. Findings lend support to previous research, highlighting the life-time discrimination and disadvantage experienced by many people with albinism. It shows that there is still much to be done to address the pervasive and potentially harmful beliefs and misconceptions about people with albinism.

Pluralism and creativity are inherent and important parts of the qualitative endeavour. The multiplicity of approaches and methods can, however, be confusing. We undertook a focused mapping review and synthesis to obtain a snap-shot profile of the state of qualitative research in health and social science literature. We retrieved 102 qualitative articles published between January and March 2015 from six leading health and social science journals. Articles were scrutinised for alignment between researchers’ reported orientation (methodological or philosophical positioning) and the techniques used (methods). In the sampled articles level of alignment was generally high, with considerable mastery of qualitative approaches evident. However, the complexity of the qualitative landscape highlighted in our review, led us to develop a diagrammatic representation: The Qualitative Research Level of Alignment Wheel™. This educational resource/teaching aid is designed to assist qualitative researchers (particularly those more novice) and research students to locate the orientation and techniques of their studies. As an important contribution to the international field of qualitative inquiry, it will assist in understanding and accounting for points at which techniques are melded and orientations blended. In turn this will lead to the individual and collective qualitative endeavour as being a coherent one.

Supplemental Material, NEJ_Supplementary_Material_(Table_4) for What is ‘moral distress’? A narrative synthesis of the literature by Georgina Morley, Jonathan Ives, Caroline Bradbury-Jones and Fiona Irvine in Nursing Ethics

Writing and that which it entails are the subject of countless texts by Maurice Blanchot. In particular, Blanchot has focused on the notion of the work, or more precisely on a groundlessness or an absence of the work,which he has designated from different perspectives over the course of more than half a century. In various ways, Blanchot has conceived of the work as an affirmation of its undoing. The question of narration, often about a confrontation with death, is fundamentally important, as is evident for ex-ample in Blanchot s Death Sentence, The Madness of the Day or The Instant of My Death. In a sense, it is bound up with the possibility of the work. Writing about Henry James in The Turn of the Screw in The Book to Come, Blanchot discusses narration.