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To assess the effect of a multicomponent intervention on reducing social isolation and loneliness and improving the quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. A cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 56 older adults participated in the control group and 63 older adults in the experimental group. The intervention consisted of 6 home-based face-to-face sessions, intercalated with 5 telephone calls and was conducted by nursing students and volunteer staff with experience in the subject. The study was conducted between April 2018 and December 2019. In terms of statistical analysis, several procedures were carried out: a statistical analysis per protocol and intention to treat, considering isolation, loneliness and quality of life as endpoints; a comparison of paired means, to analyse the behaviour of the outcome variables at baseline and the end of the study; and finally, a binary logistic regression analysis, considering social support as a dependent variable. The study results do not show the effectiveness of the modified CARELINK programme, analysed as a whole, on the decrease in social isolation or loneliness or the improvement in HRQL. However, a detailed analysis of the behaviour of some of the variables during the study indicates some results that deserve to be commented on. Comparing the mean confidential support scores between the experimental and control group at the initial and final stages shows significant differences in the analysis by protocol, and close to statistical significance in the analysis by intention to treat. Comparing the paired means obtained in the experimental group, an improvement in emotional loneliness scores was found. Finally, the variables associated with the social support of the subjects at the end of the follow-up period were as follows: having people who help them and mobility. Although the results obtained do not allow us to affirm that the intervention programme is effective, these same results point to improved confidential support and emotional loneliness in older adults participating in the intervention. Having people to help them and a greater degree of mobility are factors favouring the decrease in social isolation. This study suggested that modified CARELINK, a multicomponent intervention performed by trained volunteers, could improve confidential support in community-dwelling older adults. It also reports the importance of considering the level of mobility and support networks as determinants of the improvement caused by the intervention.

The role of nurse case managers (NCM) involves a rarely visible emotional labor, even more when their role focuses on the care of elders at risk (EAR). Motivated by the lack of qualitative research on the emotional universe of NCM, this study explores the emotional universe (EU) of NCM regarding the care they provide to EAR in primary health care as well as the reasons that generate these emotions. An interpretative–phenomenological approach was implemented in southern Spain, with a purposive sampling that included nurses playing the NCM role for at least three years. Data collection was conducted in two periods (between September 2019 and July 2022). The primary collection tool was the semi-structured individual interview, with starting categories based on Bisquerra’s EU taxonomy. The analysis followed Ricoeur’s considerations, using the Nvivo software. In the NCM’s EU, the recognition of the social phenomena stands out, with an open feeling of empathy regarding the desire of the EAR to continue living at home. However, there was also helplessness, resignation, disappointment, and frustration when EAR rejected their proposals. Furthermore, the system’s limitations aroused compassion in the NCM and made them go beyond the limits of their role. This EU requires that their role be valued more, and higher responsiveness must be enforced to improve EAR care.

El presente artículo expone las principales dificultadas identificadas en la iniciativa Servicio Voluntario Europeo (SVE), un enfoque de innovación social como metodología de Aprendizaje Más Servicio (ApS) en contextos de educación no formal, cuyo objetivo es mejorar la inclusión social de los jóvenes e incrementar su compromiso transformador de la realidad. Frente a estas dificultades, se propone una serie de medidas de mejora para que sean consideradas por los agentes encargados de desarrollar dicha iniciativa. Tales medidas correctoras son resultado de un estudio de caso llevado a cabo, mediante metodologías participativas, en el contexto de la experiencia Jóvenes en Innov-Acción Social, en el que participaron 30 sujetos (profesionales del ámbito de la juventud, responsables de organizaciones y jóvenes participantes de la iniciativa SVE e investigadores sociales).

La innovación social se ha constituido en uno de los ámbitos de estudio más activos no sólo en el campo de investigación sobre la innovación, sino de las ciencias sociales en general. Desafortunadamente, ese interés no ha conducido al desarrollo de una teoría de la innovación social. En la actualidad es posible identificar un intenso debate teórico en torno a tres áreas de interés fundamentales: la formulación de definiciones y conceptos sobre qué es la innovación social, la identificación de las etapas a partir de las cuales discurren los procesos de innovación social y, por último, el intento de elaborar modelos integradores sobre dichos fenómenos. Se pueden constatar diferentes esfuerzos de articulación de estos elementos focales. Uno nuevo que se abre es la reflexión sobre el carácter praxeológico de la innovación social, más allá de un conjunto de metaasunciones, elementos explicativos u objetivos de investigación. En la innovación social se reconocen significativos paralelismos con los modelos investigación participativa y de sociopraxis, de tal forma que se hace necesario elaborar la pregunta acerca de si es posible considerar la innovación social como un método propio de este tipo de metodología de indagación colectiva. El presente trabajo propone una discusión en este sentido, utilizando para ello una estrategia hermenéutica aplicada a una revisión sistemática e integrativa de la bibliografía especializada. En el desarrollo disciplinar en torno al fenómeno de la innovación social es posible identificar fundamentos epistemológicos que permiten caracterizarlo como un método propio de investigación participativa y de sociopraxis social específica para la generación de productos culturales de alto impacto social. Sin embargo, la dispersión y la debilidad conceptual y metodológica en torno a la innovación social se presentan como principal obstáculo para la consolidación de la misma como método.Social innovation has become one of the most active fields of study not only in the field of research on innovation but also in the social sciences in general. Unfortunately, that interest has not led to the development of a theory of social innovation. Currently, it is possible to identify an intense theoretical debate around three fundamental areas of interest: the formulation of definitions and concepts about what social innovation is, the identification of the stages from which social innovation processes run and, finally, the attempt to elaborate integrative models on these phenomena. Different articulation efforts of these focal elements can be verified. A new one that is opening is the reflection on the praxeological character of social innovation, beyond a set of meta-assumptions, explanatory elements or research objectives. In social innovation, significant parallels are recognized with the participatory research and sociopraxis models, in such a way that it is necessary to elaborate the question about whether it is possible to consider social innovation as a method of this type of collective inquiry methodology . The present work proposes a discussion in this sense, using a hermeneutical strategy applied to a systematic and integrative review of the specialized bibliography. In the disciplinary development around the phenomenon of social innovation, it is possible to identify epistemological foundations that allow it to be characterized as its own method of participatory research and specific social sociopraxis for the generation of cultural products with high social impact. However, the dispersion and conceptual and methodological weakness around social innovation are presented as the main obstacle to consolidating it as a method.

Últimamente los agentes de cooperación al desarrollo han priorizado como objetivo de intervención el fomento de la igualdad de género, promoviendo el enfoque feminista en sus actuaciones. Aun teniendo como horizonte la tranversalización de la perspectiva de género existe un ámbito al cual debemos prestar especial atención. Nos referimos al ámbito de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos (DD.SS. y RR.) ya que nos encontramos con una pérdida de los mismos a nivel mundial, y especialmente, en países en vías de desarrollo. Entre las causas están el descenso de intervenciones en este ámbito (motivada por la priorización de otras políticas en las Instituciones y por cuestiones culturales y morales) y el establecimiento de metas y plazos para alcanzar los ODM que desvían la atención de la agenda de los DD. SS. Y RR. Es por ello que este trabajo pretendemos identificar el papel que ocupan dichos derechos en el discurso y en la práctica situada de la cooperación al desarrollo andaluza.

espanolEl avance tecnologico y la consecuente incorporacion de las TICs en el ambito docente ha conllevado la aparicion de nuevas herramientas para facilitar a los docentes el proceso de seguimiento y evaluacion del alumnado. De igual forma, dicho avance ha contribuido a la adquisicion de un modelo de aprendizaje mas proactivo e individualizado por parte del alumnado. El presente proyecto pretende implementar una herramienta informatica denominada “Seguimiento y Evaluacion de Practicas” (SISEP) en las asignaturas de practicas clinicas de la titulacion de Grado en Enfermeria para optimizar el seguimiento y la evaluacion de los alumnos durante el desarrollo de sus practicas externas, asi como mejorar el proceso de adquisicion de competencias y habilidades. La metodologia ha consistido en la elaboracion de material didactico para dicha aplicacion y la posterior evaluacion del grado de satisfaccion de los distintos roles implicados en su uso mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado de elaboracion propia. El grado de satisfaccion con respecto a la aplicacion fue alto, senalando que contribuye de forma decisiva en la adquisicion de competencias, aunque no en todos los casos los usuarios han considerado su interfaz como completamente sencilla o intuitiva. EnglishThe technological advance and consequent incorporation of IT in the teaching field has entailed the appearance of new tools to facilitate teachers the process of monitoring and evaluating students. In the same way, this advance has contributed to the acquisition of a more proactive and individualized learning model on the students' side. The present project intends to implement a computer tool called “Monitoring and Evaluation of Practices” (SISEP) in the subjects of clinical practices of the degree in Nursing in order to optimize the monitoring and evaluation of students during the development of their external practices, as well as improving the process of acquiring skills and abilities. The methodology used consisted in the elaboration of the teaching material and the later evaluation of the degree of satisfaction from the different roles involved through the use of a self-administered, self-produed questionnaire. The degree of satisfaction regarding the application was high, pointing out its decisive contribution to the acquisition of skills, even if not all users have found its interface clear or intuitive enough

La relación entre innovación social y las organizaciones del Tercer Sector que tienen una mayor orientación hacia la acción social es un debate abierto, en cuya discusión se han encontrado un número significativo de dificultades. La innovación social como constructo da actualmente co­bertura a una multiplicidad de conceptos y prácticas sociales, así como se relaciona con una gran diversidad de actores sin que exista un consenso acerca de la vinculación entre estos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es intentar, por un lado, proponer una serie de marcos analíticos que nos permitan explorar la relación que hemos comentado anteriormente y, por otro, aplicarlos en un estudio de caso, de tal forma que permita llevar a cabo una caracterización, desde la perspectiva de la inno­vación social, de organizaciones vinculadas al tercer sector de acción social. Para ello, se utilizará una metodología de carácter mixto en el que tiene especial importancia el análisis de marcos y del discurso. El resultado es que en un número significativo de organizaciones del Tercer Sector estudiadas, existe una limitada intersección entre su realidad y la dinámica teórico-praxeológica de la innovación social. Esto se debe a una serie de limitaciones de carácter conceptual, de orientación y de acervo organizacional que se presentan estructurales en dichas organizaciones.

La innovación social es una cuestión que en las últimas décadas ha adquirido un interés creciente por parte tanto del mundo académico como por parte de actores sociales que prestan atención a la cobertura de necesidades y demandas sociales. Sin embargo, la innovación social plantea problemas en la construcción de su corpus teórico (en lo relativo a fundamentos de carácter conceptual y metodológico) que se traduce en dificultades de carácter praxeológico. Contribuir a esta fundamentación es una necesidad de primer orden para avanzar en la construcción de una agenda coherente en el campo de la innovación social. Es especialmente urgente abordar déficits identificados en tres focos: a) el ámbito de la consolidación de una definición canónica; b) aspectos metodológicos orientados a la facilitación de procesos; y c) la identificación de determinantes y condicionantes de la emergencia de procesos de innovación social. Este trabajo pretende avanzar en este sentido, utilizando como referencia el contexto de las organizaciones complejas, especialmente del Tercer Sector. Esta elección se debe a que la bibliografía confirma que son actores especialmente privilegiados en la facilitación de este tipo de procesos. La opción metodológica elegida es la aplicación de un enfoque de Teoría Fundamentada que ha sido triangulada mediante la aplicación de un panel DELPHI. Entre los principales logros alcanzados en el trabajo llevado a cabo es, como se ha dicho, la elaboración de un modelo teórico de explicación de los procesos de innovación social intencional, así como la identificación de sus principales capacidades relacionadas, a partir de las cuales se puede llevar a cabo el diseño de una herramienta de medición de la innovación social en organizaciones complejas del Tercer Sector.Social innovation is an issue that in recent decades has acquired growing interest both from the academic world and from social actors who pay attention to meeting social needs and demands. However, social innovation raises problems in the construction of its theoretical corpus (in relation to foundations of a conceptual and methodological nature) that translates into difficulties of a praxeological nature. Contributing to this foundation is a necessity of the first order to advance in the construction of a coherent agenda in the field of social innovation. It is especially urgent to address deficits identified in three foci: a) the scope of the consolidation of a canonical definition; b) methodological aspects aimed at facilitating processes; and c) the identification of determinants and conditioning factors of the emergence of social innovation processes. This work aims to advance in this sense, using as a reference the context of complex organizations, especially in the Third Sector. This choice is due to the fact that the bibliography confirms that they are especially privileged actors in facilitating this type of process. The methodological option chosen is the application of a Grounded Theory approach that has been triangulated through the application of a DELPHI panel. Among the main achievements in the work carried out is, as has been said, the elaboration of a theoretical model to explain the processes of intentional social innovation, as well as the identification of its main related capacities, from which can carry out the design of a tool for measuring social innovation in complex Third Sector organizations.

To identify the main conditioning factors that Primary Care professionals indicate when implementing and developing interventions on isolation and loneliness.Qualitative research with grounded theory, systematic analysis and narrative design of topics.Developed in 12 Primary Care centres of the Health District of Córdoba and Guadalquivir, covering urban and rural areas.Three profiles were identified: family medicine/community care, community nursing and case management nursing. The selection was carried out among those who showed greater motivation and commitment to an intervention on isolation/loneliness.Purposive sampling. The work was based on individual in-depth interviews, focus groups and dialogic interviews.(a) Distorted images persist about loneliness/social isolation and living alone that make it challenging to identify; (b) the main disruptive determinants in the structure and organization of the care system have to do with the absence of screening programs, the hegemony of the biomedical model and the deficit of resources (in light of this model); (c) the main facilitators are linked to the nursing role, privileged for these interventions according to the participants; and, finally, (d) personal components are necessary, both from the older adult and from the professionals.Intervention on social isolation and loneliness in Primary Care is conditioned by organizational and structural, professional and personal factors. It is essential to take them into account in order to guarantee their feasibility.

espanolEn este articulo se propone reflexionar sobre la soledad en las mujeres y senalar la relacion que existe entre las representaciones culturales, las funciones sociales asignadas a las mujeres y el efecto que todo ello tiene en como afrontar la soledad. Se utilizara el “genero” como categoria analitica y la teoria sexo-genero por el valor epistemologico que aporta al analisis, teniendo presente que la etapa de la vejez se considera como una etapa de fortaleza de la persona. Los estudios sobre la soledad y el sexo exponen la necesidad de continuar investigando, por ello, se invita a explorar como la “socializacion diferenciada” y los “mandatos sociales de genero” constituyen elementos importantes en la experiencia de soledad en las mujeres. Este tema puede convertirse en una linea de investigacion que genere respuestas si se consigue articular de modo apropiado. EnglishThis article examines loneliness among women and identifies the relationship between cultural representations, the social roles assigned to women and the effect that this has on how they confront loneliness. “Gender” is used as an analytical category and sex-gender theory is used due to the epistemological value it contributes to the analysis, taking into account that the phase of old age is considered a phase of strength. Studies examining loneliness and sex demonstrate a need to continue research. A proposal is hence made to explore how “differentiated socialisation” and the “social mandates of gender” comprise significant elements in female experiences of loneliness. This topic may become a line of research that produces answers if it can be suitably structured.

Currently we see that the approach to female sexual and reproductive rights in the field of development cooperation is experiencing a double tension: on the one hand, cooperation agents, especially Non-Governmental Development Organizations (NGDOs) have prioritized their attention over this theme, in the measure in which efforts have been redoubled to prevent, reduce and eradicate the effects of gender inequalities in different areas. On the other hand, there is a clear setback in the exercise and enjoyment of these types of rights worldwide. A possible explanatory hypothesis for this tension is that the different ways of conceptualizing female Sexual and Reproductive Rights condition the situated practices of organizations insofar as they significantly affect their reason for being and their organizational nature. That is why the objective of this work is to investigate how female sexual and reproductive rights are configured and condition the reason for being, the nature and the situated practice of NGDOs. For this, a case study is carried out, the object of which was the development cooperation system in Andalusia. A combination of quantitative - qualitative methodologies was used, although in this work we are going to prioritize the results derived from the structural and dialectical techniques as they are especially significant. This work shows that Andalusian NGDOs move between a tension marked by a proactive interest in this type of rights and a structural deficit of competences to be able to manage them effectively.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in non-institutionalized older people. This effectiveness will be assessed in terms of reducing social isolation and loneliness and improving Health-Related Quality of Life.The concern for social isolation and loneliness in non-institutionalized older adults has increased in recent decades. In addition, their relationship with numerous negative health outcomes is amply demonstrated.A mixed-method design including a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial and an exploratory qualitative study with focus groups was used.Each study group consists of 57 subjects. The experimental group will be subjected to a multicomponent intervention comprising six domiciliary face-to-face sessions and five telephone calls that will be interspersed. Interventions will be conducted by healthcare professionals and volunteers. The control group will not be subjected to any systematized intervention. We are going to consider social isolation, loneliness, and Quality of Life as the primary outcomes. However, the factors that influence both primary outcomes and the feasibility of the intervention in clinical practice will also be assessed.Despite the negative influence of social isolation and loneliness on clinical outcomes is widely evidenced, few early detection programs are available, especially interventions at the community setting. This study will examine the effectiveness of the intervention in the Spanish community setting. At the same time, this study will identify the feasibility of this intervention in Primary Care clinical practice.Substantial evidence indicates the detrimental health impact of social isolation and loneliness, particularly on mental wellness. Knowing that mental disorders are associated with high economic cost, this project would have strong clinical implication to inform nursing practice on managing social isolation and loneliness. The findings may also inform primary health policy setting in Spain and the wider European countries.目的: 本研究旨在评估对不是住在福利院的老年人进行多因素干预的有效性。将从减少社会孤立和孤独感以及提高与健康相关的生活质量的角度对有效性进行评估。 背景: 近几十年来,对不是住在福利院的老年人被社会孤立和孤独感的担忧有所增加。此外,它们也被充分证明与许多负面健康结果有关。 设计: 采用包括分组随机对照临床试验和针对重点人群的探索性定性研究在内的混合方法设计。 方法: 每个研究小组由57名试验对象组成。实验小组将接受多因素干预,包括六次面对面的家庭谈话,并插入五次电话谈话。干预将由专业医疗人员以及志愿者进行。对照组将不接受任何系统化干预。我们将把社会孤立、孤独感以及生活质量视为主要结果,但还会评估影响主要结果的因素和临床实践干预的可行性。 讨论: 尽管社会孤立和孤独感对临床结果的负面影响已被广泛证实,却很少有可用的早期探测项目,尤其是在社区中的干预措施。本研究将考察干预措施在西班牙人居住社区中的有效性。与此同时,本研究将确定此干预措施在初级保健临床实践中的可行性。 影响: 大量证据表明,被社会孤立以及孤独感对健康有害,尤其是对精神健康。由于精神障碍与高经济成本相关,本研究课题在为护理实践提供管理社会孤立及孤独感上有着极大的临床意义。调查结果还可能为西班牙乃至更多的欧洲国家基本卫生政策的制定提供参考。.

Aim To acquire an understanding of the emotional universe of intensive care unit nurses, working in Spain and the United Kingdom. Methodology The study used a hermeneutic study design and was set in an academic environment. Participants included nurses with clinical experience in intensive care units. Data were collected from seven in-depth interviews, four in Spanish and three in English. The analysis followed Ricoeur’s Theory of Interpretation. The affective taxonomy Universe of Emotions, served to establish starting categories in it. Findings Six themes were identified: 1) Critical patient care, critical context; 2) Intensive care… for whom?; 3) Nursing a dying patient; 4) In the company of others; 5) But… is it worth it? and 6) Emotional labour is crucial. These all describe different, multifaceted nurses’ affective journeys, through categories such as: So little time-so much to do, Relatives, Young death vs. elderly death, Poorly-valued work and I'm in the profession I want to be. Conclusion The sociocultural context shared by the Spanish and English nurses working in intensive care units generates a complex emotional universe, with opposing affective experiences, such as those related to fear, anxiety, sadness, anger, shame, love, surprise and happiness.

espanolPese a la importancia de la sexualidad en la trayectoria vital de cualquier individuo, esta ha sido una cuestion tradicionalmente invisibilizada, algo especialmente evidente y taxativo en el caso de las mujeres, en quienes la cuestion de la sexualidad ha sido normalmente un espacio de control y de resistencia. La ausencia de estudios sobre sexualidad es significativa en disciplinas relacionadas con el cuidado, que han demostrado un tardio interes por esta cuestion, pese a ser reconocido como un espacio condicionador de la salud y el bienestar integral. Cuando ha sido abordado se ha hecho desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente biomedica, sin tener en cuenta el papel condicionante que ejercen las construcciones socio – culturales sobre la misma, cuestion que ha limitado la capacidad de intervencion de los profesionales sanitarios. Este trabajo, de caracter cualitativo llevado a cabo mediante entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de discusion con mujeres rurales de la provincia de Cordoba, pretende abordar ese vacio identificado, asi como poner de manifiesto cuales son los principales constructos sobre sexualidad con los que las mujeres gestionan su dia a dia, con la finalidad de aportar a los profesionales del cuidado herramientas utiles para su desempeno profesional en este ambito en concreto. EnglishDespite the importance of sexuality in the life trajectory of any individual, this has been a traditionally invisible issue, something especially evident and restrictive in the case of women, in whom the issue of sexuality has usually been a space of control and of resistance. The absence of studies on sexuality is significant in disciplines related to care, which have shown a late interest in this issue, despite being recognized as a space conditioning health and well-being. When it has been approached it has been done from a fundamentally biomedical perspective, without taking into account the conditioning role of socio - cultural constructions on it, a question that has limited the intervention capacity of health professionals. This work, of a qualitative nature carried out through in-depth interviews and discussion groups with rural women in the province of Cordoba, aims to address this identified gap, as well as highlighting the main constructs on sexuality with which women manage their day to day, with the purpose of providing care professionals with useful tools for their professional performance in this particular field. portuguesA ausencia de estudos sobre sexualidade e significativa nas disciplinas relacionadas ao cuidado, que tem demonstrado um interesse tardio nessa questao, apesar de ser reconhecida como espaco condicionante de saude e bem-estar. Quando abordado, foi feito a partir de uma perspectiva fundamentalmente biomedica, sem levar em conta o papel condicionante das construcoes socioculturais, questao que tem limitado a capacidade de intervencao dos profissionais de saude. Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa realizado em profundidade entrevistas e discussoes em grupo com mulheres rurais na provincia de Cordoba, pretende abordar essa lacuna identificada, bem como para destacar o que as principais construcoes da sexualidade com mulheres gerenciar o seu dia a dia, com o objetivo de fornecer aos profissionais de saude ferramentas uteis para o seu desempenho profissional neste campo particular.

En el presente trabajo se pretende, haciendo uso de la revisión bibliográfica sistemática, abordar una triple tarea. Por un lado, hacer un intento de clarificar terminológicamente el concepto de innovación social a través de una sistematización de las principales definiciones que sobre este concepto nos encontramos en la bibliografía. En segundo lugar, pretendemos llevar a cabo un seguimiento de como la definición del concepto se ha visto afectada por los diferentes momentos y contextos históricos en un intento de determinar posibles tendencias comunes, para terminar, en tercer lugar, poniendo de manifiesto cómo el concepto de innovación social se ha proyectado en diferentes disciplinas. Social innovation is a field of study that in recent decades has been occupying an increasing interest both by academic institutions by organizations linked to the field of organized citizenship or by the public administration itself. This interest has been stimulated by a social, economic and civilizing scenario in which the incapacity of the classic mechanisms to cover the basic social needs, to respond to the new social demands or to dynamize processes of social change of a more structural character was discovered. The interest in what have been called "practices of social innovation" had already been announced in the last decades of accelerated change, in which certain social structures have been dismantled and replaced by others. The economic and financial crisis that characterized the change of decade has certainly accelerated this process