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The soils in tidal swamp land as new development area for rice in Indonesia have a considerably low available silica (Si) because very acid condition and no Si fertilization. Therefore, increasing the productivity of rice as Si accumulator plant, in tidal swamp land requires silica fertilizer. This research presented the effect of applications of silicon in the form of orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4) enriched with selected Sisolubilizing fungi, formulated as 4-gram tableted Si fertilizer (BioSilAc) on tidal swamp land soil to improve yield and reduce chemical fertilizer dosage for rice. Field experiment was conducted in Ketapang subdistrict, South Lampung by using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of (ha-1 season-1): 100% NPK recommended dosage (P1); 100% NPK + 80 BioSilAc tablets (P2); 75% NPK + 80 BioSilAc tablets (P3); 75% NPK + 100 BioSilAc tablets (P4); 50% NPK + 120 BioSilAc tablets (P5); and control (P6). The results showed that P2 treatment increased the highest rice yield in dried harvested grain by 7.6% or equivalent to 500 kg ha-1 compared to P1 treatment. The highest fertilization efficiency can be achieved in P4 treatment which means the NPK recommended dosage can be reduced 25% by adding 100 BioSilAc tablets ha-1 season-1 indicated by insignificantly different productivity compared to that of P1. The Revenue/Cost (R/C) values showed that P2 treatment was economically feasible fertilization practices.

Lahan kering masam memiliki karakteristik kandungan bahan organik dan nilai pH yang rendah. Budidaya pada lahan tersebut tidak dapat maksimal karena terdapat beberapa masalah seperti toksisitas aluminium dan atau ketersediaan fosfor (P) pada tanah yang rendah, serta cekaman kekeringan. Makalah ini menyajikan hasil kegiatan riset mengenai pengaruh aplikasi Bio-Nano-Silika dalam bentuk asam ortosilik (OSA) pada lahan kering masam untuk meningkatkan hasil panen, mengurangi dosis pupuk kimia, dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air (EPA) dari kedelai hitam yang tumbuh pada lahan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah Natar, Lampung Selatan, dari bulan April hingga Juli 2018, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Bio-Nano OSA diaplikasikan sebanyak 4 L. ha-1, sedangkan pupuk tunggal N, P, dan K diberikan sebanyak 0, 50, 75, dan 100% dari tingkat yang direkomendasikan. Dosis pupuk NPK yang direkomendasikan adalah pupuk Urea 75 kg ha-1, SP36 100 kg ha-1, dan KCL 100 kg ha-1. Ukuran plot dari setiap perlakuan seluas 300 m2. Sebagai pembanding digunakan plot kontrol (100% dosis pupuk NPK) dan plot praktek standar petani (100% dosis pupuk NPK + 2 ton ha-1 bahan organik). Bio-Nano OSA dipersiapkan dari pasir kuarsa dengan metode ekstraksi larutam asam-basa dan mengandung 5% H4SiO4 dengan ukuran partikel 18 nm yang dikombinasikan dengan mikroba pelarut silika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Bio-Nano OSA pada 4 L ha-1 dengan 50-75% dosis pupuk NPK mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan hara dan EPA serta produksi varietas kedelai hitam Detam-1 pada tanah Ultisol Natar.

Indonesia has an abundant amount of basalt rocks resources, including in East Lampung Regency of Lampung Province. This basalt has not been used optimally and only be used as a foundation. The use of basalt as soil fertilizer also known as the stone meal. This study focused on the effect of using basalt dust on the growth and development of organic fertilizer application for the cassava plant. This study is to support the local government policies that declared Lampung as a national development centre of cassava, with a production rate of 30.8% of the national production of cassava. Basalt powder was characterized using test petrograph and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) for a description of microscopic and chemical composition. The test results were used to determine the chemical composition of rock classification using the TAS diagram. The experiments of applying fertilizer on cassava crops in the demonstration plots 8 treatment x 3 repetitions were conducted by adding the percentage by weight of the basalt towards organic fertilizer between 0% (control 1), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and without treatment (control 2). The results indicated that basalt from East Lampung is classified as olivine Tholeite basalt which is rich in CaO, Mg and Na 2 O + K 2 O. The growth rate of cassava plants which are affected by basalt powder presentation is characterized by a value which is higher than the value of CGR control, and recommended to not exceed 10% of the weight of basalt fertilizer.

Barus J, Meithasari D, Lumbanraja J, Sudarsono H, Hidayat KF, Dermiyati. 2021. Soil mesofauna amount and diversity by returning fresh and compost of crops biomass waste in ultisols in-situ. Biodiversitas 21: 92-98. Newly added organic matter to the soil often has no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, the addition of organic matter greatly affects the abundance and diversity of living organisms in the soil, because the addition of organic matter is one of the sources of food. The aim of this research was to study the impact of returning crop biomass waste in fresh or compost forms on the abundance and diversity of soil mesofauna. Three types of crop biomass residues (i.e. maize stover, rice straw, and soybean stover) were used at doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 t ha-1. Mesofauna observations were carried out three times, namely at two weeks after biomass waste application (before planting rice), at eight weeks (there were rice plants in the soil), and at fourteen weeks (after rice harvest). The soil sample for mesofauna observation was dry extracted using a Berlese funnel set up, and to calculate and identified using a binocular microscope. The result showed that the number and diversity of mesofauna in the addition of compost was higher than that of fresh biomass waste. Increasing the dose of biomass waste has an effect on increasing the number and diversity of soil mesofauna. The presence of rice plants in the soil at the time of observation also affected the abundance of soil mesofauna.

Returning and addition of organic material to soil is a key to protecting the soil, plants, and the environment. A study aimed to elucidate the effect of residual biomass application on some indicators of soil physical properties, abundance of earthworms and soil microbial activities was conducted in Kebun Percobaan (KP) Natar, BPTP Lampung from February to July 2017. The treatments were three types of crops biomass residues, i.e., maize stover, rice straw, and soybean stover (fresh or compost). The dosage rates were 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 t/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. Upland rice (Inpago 9 variety) was planted after two weeks application of biomass residues treatments. The results showed that application of crops biomass residues improved bulkdensity and significantly increased soil water content at the high dose of biomass residues (7.5 or 10 t/ha). The amount and weight of earthworms with added of compost biomass was significantly correlated with soil water content (r values 0.491 and 0.376, respectively). The dose of biomass residues had a significant effect on soil respiration that the highest soil respiration was obtained in maize compost biomass treatment (at 12 weeks observation) was 31.7 and rice straw compost (at 8 weeks observation) which was 30.19 mg/hour/m2 C-CO2.

Percobaan pengaruh pupuk N, P dan K terhadap pertumbuhan bibit lada perdu dilakukan di rumah atap Sub Balittro Natar dari bulan Mei sampai September 1993. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah bibit lada perdu berumur + 2 bulan dari varietas Belantung. Perlakuan-perlakuan yang diuji adalah; 1) tanpa pupuk (N0) 2) 0.225 g N/tanaman (N1), 3) 0.450 g/tanaman (N2), 4) 0.900 g/tanaman (N3), 5) 0.225 g N + 0.230 g P2O/tanaman (N3+P), 6) 0.450 g N + 0.230 g P2O/tanaman (N3+P) 7) 0.900 g N + 0.230 g P2O5/tanaman (N3+P), 8) 0.225 g N + 0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N1+K), 9) 0.450 g N + 0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N2+K), 10) 0.900 g N+0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N3+K), 11) 0.225 g N+0.230 g P2O3 + 0.399 g K2O/tanaman (N1+P+K) 12) 0.450 g N + 0.230 g P2O3 + 0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N3+P+K), 13) 0.900 g N + 0.230 g P2O5 + 0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N3+P+K). rancangan yang digunakan adalah Acak Lengkap dengan 2 ulangan dan 8 tanaman untuk setiap perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pupuk P dan K disamping pupuk N dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetative tanaman lada. Kombinasi perlakuan pupuk yang memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik adalah 0.225 g N + 0.230 g P2O3 + 0.300 g K2O per tanaman.

Soybean is one of the major food commodities in Indonesia, but the production of soybean itself is still low in the last five years. As an effort to fulfill the needs of domestic soybean, marginal land soil could be utilized for black soybean, however its challenge is generally infertile soils. One of marginal land soil that can be used is acid dry land (ADL) soil characterized by low organic matter content and pH value. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of application of bio‐nano‐silica in the form orthosilicic acid (OSA) in acid dry land soil on : (i) black soybean vegetative growth and (ii) black soybean yield. The research was conducted in Natar area, South Lampung, in July‐October 2017, by using a randomized block design with three replicates. Bio‐nano OSA was applied at 0, 2, 4, and 6 L/ha, whereas single N, P, and K fertilizers were given at 0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended rate on a 100 m2 plot size each, with control plot and farmer’s standard practice plot (100% N, P, and K + 2ton/ha of organic matter). Bio‐nano OSA was prepared from a 325‐mesh quartz sand using acid base solution extraction method and contained 5% H4SiO4 with 18 nm particle size applied in combination with selected Si‐solubilizing microorganism, i.e. Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, and Aspergillus niger. The results indicated that the application of bio‐nano OSA at 4 L/ha was able to save NPK fertilizer dosages up to 50% fertilizer and improved both vegetative and yield performances of Detam‐1 black soybean variety on Ultisols of Natar.

Kebutuhan kedelai hitam nasional masih tergantung pada pasokan dari luar negeri dan terkendala oleh rendahnya produktivitas. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan lahan marginal secara optimal perlu didorong untuk budidaya kedelai hitam. Optimalisasi lahan kering masam dihadapkan pada faktor utama pembatas tanah antara lain kemasaman tanah tinggi, air tersedia terbatas, dan efisiensi penggunaan unsur hara rendah. Silika (Si) dalam bentuk yang siap diserap oleh tanaman (asam silikat) mampu meningkatkan toleransi tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan hara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi bio-nano silika di lahan kering yang bereaksi masam terhadap: (i) hasil kedelai hitam, dan (ii) efisiensi penggunaan air. Kegiatan lapang dilaksanakan di Jatitujuh, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2017 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Pupuk bio-nano silika diberikan dengan dosis 0, 2, 4, dan 6 L ha-1, sedang pupuk N, P, dan K tunggal diberikan setara dengan 0, 50, 75, dan 100% dosis rekomendasi. Plot kontrol berupa perlakuan standar petani (100% N, P, dan K + 2 ton ha-1 pupuk organik). Plot berukuran 100 m2 dari setiap perlakuan ditanami kedelai hitam varietas Detam-1. Pupuk bio-nano silika diekstraksi dari pasir kuarsa 325 mesh menggunakan larutan asam dan basa. Pupuk bio-nano silika mengandung kadar H4SiO4 > 5% dengan ukuran partikel 18 nm dan dalam aplikasinya diperkaya dengan mikroorganisme pelarut Si, yaitu Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, dan Aspergillus niger. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa hasil biji kedelai nyata tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 75% NPK + 2 L bio-nano silika ha-1. Aplikasi 4 L ha-1 bio-nano silika dapat menghemat dosis pupuk N, P, dan K sampai dengan 32%. Sementara aplikasi dengan dosis 6 L ha-1 bio-nano silika dapat meningkatkan hasil kedelai hitam var. Detam-1 sampai dengan 36,7% dan menekan kebutuhan air tanaman hingga 65%. Abstract . National black soybean demand is still dependent on import supply and limited by its low productivity. Therefore, the utilization of marginal land needs to be driven for development of black soybean cultivation. The main limiting factors of acid dry land soils are high soil acidity, limited water availability and low nutrients use efficiency. Silica (Si) in plant-available form (silicic acid) is able to improve plant drought tolerance and nutrient use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the application of bio-nano-silica in acid dry land to: (i) black soybean productivity, and (ii) the efficiency of water use. The research was conducted in Jatitujuh area, Majalengka, West Java, in July-October 2017, by using a randomized block design. Bio-nano silica was applied at 0, 2, 4, and 6 L ha-1, whereas single N, P, and K fertilizers were given at 0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended rate in three replicates and on a 100 m2 plot size each, with control plot and farmer’s standard practice plot (100% N, P, and K + 2-ton ha-1 of organic matter). Bio-nano silica was prepared from a 325-mesh quartz sand using acid base solution extraction method and containing > 5% H4SiO4 with 18 nm particle size applied in combination with selected Si-solubilizing microorganism, i.e. Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, and Aspergillus niger. The results showed that the highest yield of soybean seed obtained in treatment 75% NPK + 2 L bio-nano silica ha-1. Application of 4 L ha-1 bio-nano silica saved of 32% N, P, and K fertilizer dosage. Furthermore, 6 L ha-1 bio-nano silica improved bean production of Detam-1 var up to 36.7% and reduced water consumption by 65%.

Abstarct. Rice-field, during the dry season, offers promising potential as food crop production area particularly for secondary crops such as black soybean. However, rice-field have some limitations to support crop productivity economically, due to low fertilizer efficiency and/or water usage. Silicate (Si) fertilizer in the form of bio-nano ortho silicic acid (OSA) has been proven to improve yield and water use efficiency of black soybean on the upland, but not on rice field. This study aimed to determine the effects of bio-nano OSA application on yield, fertilizer and water use efficiencies of Detam-1 black soybean grown at a Bantarwaru rice-field, Indramayu, West Java. Experiment was undertaken from August to November 2018 with treatments consisting of : (i) control (P0), (ii) farmers’ standard practice (P1), (iii) P1 + 2 ton organic fertilizer ha-1 (P2), (iv) 50% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P3), (v) 75% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P4), and (vi) P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P5), in a randomized block design with three replications. The soil belongs to Alfisols with vertic property, i.e. cracking during the dry season. The results show that the application of bio-nano OSA was capable of improving yield of Detam-1 black soybean up to 26%, increasing water use efficiency up to 37%, and reducing NPK fertilizer dosages up to 50%. The highest yields of Detam-1 black soybean was 2.4-2.5-ton bean ha-1, achieved from the treatment of combination of 50-75% NPK fertilizer dosages and application of bio-nano OSA at 4 L ha-1 rate with optimum level of NPK dosage at 39.2%. By using bio-nano OSA and optimum dosage of NPK fertilizer, the farmer’s profit increased IDR 4,152,340 ha-1 per season compared to standard practice.Abstrak. Sawah tadah hujan pada musim kemarau menawarkan peluang yang prospektif untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai areal produksi tanaman pangan khususnya palawija seperti kedelai hitam. Namun, sawah tadah hujan secara umum memiliki masalah khusus untuk mendukung produktivitas tanaman di musim kemarau yaitu rendahnya efisiensi serapan hara dan/atau penggunaan air. Teknologi pupuk silika dalam formulasi bio-nano ortho-silicic acid (OSA) telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan hasil kedelai hitam dan efisiensi penggunaan air pada lahan tegalan tetapi tidak pada lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi pupuk Si (bio-nano OSA) terhadap produksi tanaman kedelai hitam Detam-1, efisiensi penggunaan pupuk, dan air pada sawah tadah hujan di Bantarwaru, Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Percobaan dilaksanakan di lahan petani pada bulan Agustus hingga Nopember 2018 dengan menguji perlakuan : (i) kontrol (P0), (ii) pemupukan standar petani (P1), (iii) P1 + 2 ton pupuk organik ha-1 (P2), (iv) 50% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P3), (v) 75% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P4), dan (vi) 100% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P5), dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan ulangan tiga kali. Tanah di lokasi percobaan tergolong ordo Alfisol dengan sifat vertik seperti timbulnya retakan saat musim kemarau. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi bio-nano OSA mampu meningkatkan produksi kedelai hitam varietas Detam-1 hingga 26%, meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air hingga 37%, dan menghemat dosis pupuk NPK hingga 50%. Produktivitas kedelai hitam tertinggi sebesar 2,4–2,5 ton biji kering ha-1 diperoleh pada perlakuan kombinasi pupuk NPK 50-75% dari standar petani dan aplikasi bio-nano OSA 4 L ha-1 dengan dosis optimum pupuk NPK pada 39,2%. Tambahan keuntungan usaha tani kedelai hitam Detam-1 di Bantarwaru dengan aplikasi bio-nano OSA dan pemupukan NPK yang optimum dapat mencapai IDR. 4.152.340 ha-1 per musim jika dibandingkan perlakuan dosis pupuk standar.

The importance to return organic matter to the soil has been widely recognized, especially to agricultural lands that are low in organic matter and nutrients contents that will decrease the productivity of food crops. This study aimed to study the effect of biochar (rice husk and corn cob biochar) and straw compost on soil chemical properties and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. The experiments were done in the laboratory and the field experiment at February–July 2015. The first study was laboratory test using a randomized block design with three replicates. Soil samples were ground and sieved to obtain the less than 4 mm fraction for the incubation experiment. A five kg soil was mixtured with amandement treatments (A: control; B: Rice husk biochar 10 Mg ha-1 ; C: corn cob 10 Mg ha-1; D: straw compost 10 Mg ha-1; and E. Rice husk biochar 10 Mg ha-1 + straw compost 10 Mg ha-1 ; F. corn cob biochar 10 Mg ha-1 + straw compost 10 Mg ha-1) were filled into plastic pots. The treatments were incubated for 1 and 2 months. Soil samples measured were pH, Organic-C, Total-N, P2O5 (Bray-1), K2O (Morgan), Na, Ca, Mg, S, and CEC. The field experiment was conducted at Sukaraja Nuban Village, Batanghari Nuban sub district, East Lampung Regency. The treatments (similar too laboratory experiment) were arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. Plot size was 10 m × 20 m, and soybean as crop indicators. The parameters observed were plant heigh, number of branches , number of pods per plant , number of seeds per plant, grain weight, and stover. The results of laboratory experiment showed that application of biochar and compost improve soil fertility due to the increase in soil pH and nutrient availability for plant especially P2O5 and K2O available. The treatment of a rice husk biochar and compost mixture was better than single application to improve soil fertility and soybean yield. Apllication mixture husk biochar 10 Mg ha-1and straw compost 10 Mg ha-1 increased grain weight about 41% compost to control. Keywords: Biochar, compost, crop waste, soil chemical properties Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ How to Cite : Junita B, Dermiyati and H Sudarsono. 2016. Soil Chemical Properties and Soybean Yield Due to Application Biochar and Compost of Plant Waste. J Trop Soils 21: 1-7. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.21.1.1 ]

Effect of cultural methods on peanut rust leaf intensity and yield. An important disease of peanut is rust leaf caused by Puccinia arachidis. It ussualy occurs with pock marked diseases. Both decreased yield up to 1,0 ton/ha (50% - 60%) compare potention yield of peanut (1,8 ton/ha). The experiment was conducted at Siraman village, Pekalongan residence, Central Lampung from June to December 2000. It applied two methods: Model A (farmers pattern) and Model B (reccomendation pattern) with three replications and four cooperator farmers. The variable were growth percentage, hight of plant, number of pod, wight of wet pod, weight of dry pod, wight of 100 granules, and leaf rot intensity. The result showed the yield of recomendation pattern better than that of farmer pattern, intensity of attacked rust leaf diseases increased from 4,58% to 27,47% on farmer pattern and increased from 3,54% to 33,55% on recomendatin pattern, Macan variety is succeptible with rust leaf diseases and decreased yield up to 41,67%.

Fertilizer recommendation in specific location will be related to fertilizers efficiency. The studywas conducted at five locations which were planted with corn minimal once a year, namely: (1) Sidowaras village,Bumi Ratu Nuban Subdistrict, Lampung Tengah Regency; (2) Binjai Ngagung, Bekri Subdistrict, Lampung SelatanRegency; (3) Watu Agung, Kalirejo Subdistrict, Lampung Tengah Regency, (4) Balai Rejo, Kalirejo Subdistrict,Lampung Tengah Regency, and (5) Trimulyo, Tegineneng Subdistrict, Lampung Selatan Regency. The soil sampleswere analyzed in the Research and Development Centre for Soil and Agroclimate Laboratory in Bogor. The value ofP and K in soil were compared to the results of correlation study using several extraction of P and K in Lampung.Results of the study showed that the status of P was high for three location, medium for one location and low for onelocation. K status was low for five locations. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendation on the three locations with highlevel of P (Sidowaras, Binjai Ngagung, and Balai Rejo) was 75 kg ha-1 SP-36, on the middle P levels (Trimulyo) was150 kg and on the low level of P (Watu Agung) was 300 kg. On the other hand, the recommendation for K fertilizer forall locations were 150 kg ha-1 KCl.

The knowledge about the nutrient status in the lowland soils is one of several ways to maintain soil fertility and increasefarmers income. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of P20J and K20 content in paddy soils (sawah) at Central lampung regency during the year 2001/2002. Composite soil samples were collected in each different soil types based on mapping technical survey of I : 50.000 scale. Composite soil samples consisting of 5 - 10 sub samples were taken from top layer (0 - 20 em) depth. Soil sampling was taken by using grid system, that is I cm2 in the map represented 25 ha in the field p]OJ and K~ potential content determined by HCI 25 %. Data were arranged in a descriptive methode and then classified in to three degrees (high, medium and low). High P was> 40 mg P20s/100 g, medium P was 20;.40 mg P201100 g and law P was < 20 mg P;Os/100 g. High K was > 20 mg K20/100 g, medium K was 10 -20 mg K20 /100 g and low K « 10 mg K~/IOOg). The results shawed that soil p;OJ status in paddy soils (sawah) of Centra Lampung regency were 61,65 % high, 35,84 % medium and 2,65 % low while K20 status were 6,64% high, 16,02 % medium and 77,34% low.

One strategy to protect land from degradation is to use the land according to their capability. Zoning of commodities is an effort in that direction and determination of commodities is based on the suitability of land with agronomic needs of crops and farming feasibility analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the development zone of annual crops, based on the analysis of agro-ecological characteristics and agricultural viability. Analysis of land suitability for the cultivation of coffee, vanilla, pepper, cocoa, banana, durian, mango, and melinjo, found that land can be recommended for the development of the annual crops is about 29,230 ha from an area of 54,764 ha. The land was divided into six agro-ecological zones i.e. two zones at area with land slope of 3- 8%, each covering an area of 2,737 ha at an altitude of 15-50 m above sea level (asl), and 12,008 ha at an altitude of 50-300 m asl, the two zone at area with land slope of 8-15%, each covering 6119 ha at an altitude of 25-250 m asl and 1,221 ha at an altitude of 15-50 m asl, and two zones at area with land slope of 16-40% , each covering an area of 1,101 ha at an altitude of 400-700 m asl, and 6,134 ha at an altitude of 400-500 m asl. The soil types found are Typic /Vitrandic Eutrudepts, Typic Hapludands, and Vitrandic Hapludalfs. This study recommends that the banana is a perennial plant with the most potential to be developed and has good economic prospects in almost all agro-ecological zones. Other commodities are also preferred, coffee and vanilla.