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On the job training has always been viewed as an avenue to improve the production and productivity of companies. In the dynamic world that we live in on the job training and skill upgradation has become very important for all the companies to stay relevant in their domain. This holds true independent of the size of companies in question. It is more so needed in India, wherein what academia offers to our graduates is not in line with Industrial requirements. In our study we have analyzed the impact of on-the-job training and skill upgradation on company’s ability to overcome the demand shock caused by pandemic. To understand the same, we have used GARCH model to analyze the rate at which shock caused by COVID-19 subsided among large, mid, and small cap companies. Through our empirical analysis we were able to conclude that, large cap companies who were spending substantial amount on skill upgradation of their employees were able to revert to normalcy at a higher rate as compared to mid and small cap companies.

In modern world, technology plays a very important role in enhancing learning outcome among students. Many research studies undertaken in the developed world have outlined the importance of technology in enhancing learning outcomes. Noting the same, Indian states like Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh etc. have resorted to provide digital devices to their students with the hope of enhancing their learning outcomes. In this context, it becomes all the more relevant to analyze the socio economic and academic factors influencing use of technology among students. This study analyses the factors affecting use of digital devices and their effectiveness in enhancing their learning outcomes among rural students. The study covered 4 districts, comprising a sample size of 465 respondents to assist in optimum policy formulation for rural students in developing world.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of online mode of instruction (webinar) vis-à-vis offline mode of instruction (seminar) and the possible policy implications therein. This Study has been conducted by using the primary data collected from 253 scholars ranging from students to professors through questionnaire. Various factors were taken into consideration for investigation based on review of literature. The results throw light on why scholars favour one mode of learning over the other. This study has repercussions on policy implications concerning effectiveness of distance education involving intergenerational age differences on learning outcome and experience.

Although Information communication technology was bound to transform teaching learning pedagogy in developing nations, advent of Covid-19 and subsequent nation-wide lock down has acted as a catalyst for the process. Experience from developed world has shown that Information Communication Technology enhances learning process. In India there has always been a prevalence of dichotomy of resources between rural and urban regions. Government of India has taken initiatives like Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Gar Yojana to strengthen socio economic infrastructure in rural area. Along with this some of the State Governments like that of Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh have initiatives to promote digital learning among students in both urban and rural areas. In this context it becomes pertinent to analyze whether students in rural area are on par with the students in urban area to access digital learning. This is even more relevant as nearly 65% of Indian population resides in rural areas. Our research paper aims to suggest appropriate policy suggestions to bridge this gap, if any.