1. A Mildly Relativistic Outflow from the Energetic, Fast-rising Blue Optical Transient CSS161010 in a Dwarf Galaxy
- Author
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Peter Nugent, Maria R. Drout, Poonam Chandra, Christopher S. Kochanek, Tanmoy Laskar, Michael Bietenholz, S. Valenti, Peter Lundqvist, D. Frederiks, Morgan MacLeod, B. J. Shappee, A. J. Nayana, W. Fong, Damiano Caprioli, Eric R. Coughlin, D. J. Sand, Y. Dong, M. C. Stroh, A. Ridnaia, A. Baldeschi, Kate D. Alexander, Deanne L. Coppejans, C. Guidorzi, B. A. Zauderer, K. H. Hurley, Sheng Yang, C. Frohmaier, Dmitry S. Svinkin, Bing Zhang, Daniel E. Reichart, Dan Milisavljevic, Giacomo Terreran, C. Esquivia, Charlotte Ward, Igor Chilingarian, Raffaella Margutti, Aaron M. Meisner, and Kerry Paterson
- Subjects
Accretion ,Radio transient sources ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Stellar mass ,TIDAL DISRUPTION ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Socio-culturale ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Context (language use) ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astronomy & Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE ,0103 physical sciences ,RATES ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,BLACK-HOLES ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Dwarf galaxy ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,astro-ph.HE ,Physics ,GAMMA-RAY BURSTS ,Supernovae ,Black holes ,X-ray transient sources ,RADIO ,Star formation ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Galaxy ,Black hole ,HOST GALAXIES ,Stars ,Supernova ,Space and Planetary Science ,STELLAR POPULATION SYNTHESIS ,IBC SUPERNOVA ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,EMISSION ,Astronomical and Space Sciences - Abstract
We present X-ray and radio observations of the Fast Blue Optical Transient (FBOT) CRTS-CSS161010 J045834-081803 (CSS161010 hereafter) at t=69-531 days. CSS161010 shows luminous X-ray ($L_x\sim5\times 10^{39}\,\rm{erg\,s^{-1}}$) and radio ($L_{\nu}\sim10^{29}\,\rm{erg\,s^{-1}Hz^{-1}}$) emission. The radio emission peaked at ~100 days post transient explosion and rapidly decayed. We interpret these observations in the context of synchrotron emission from an expanding blastwave. CSS161010 launched a mildly relativistic outflow with velocity $\Gamma\beta c\ge0.55c$ at ~100 days. This is faster than the non-relativistic AT2018cow ($\Gamma\beta c\sim0.1c$) and closer to ZTF18abvkwla ($\Gamma\beta c\ge0.3c$ at 63 days). The inferred initial kinetic energy of CSS161010 ($E_k\gtrsim10^{51}$ erg) is comparable to that of long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), but the ejecta mass that is coupled to the mildly relativistic outflow is significantly larger ($\sim0.01-0.1\,\rm{M_{\odot}}$). This is consistent with the lack of observed gamma-rays. The luminous X-rays were produced by a different emission component to the synchrotron radio emission. CSS161010 is located at ~150 Mpc in a dwarf galaxy with stellar mass $M_{*}\sim10^{7}\,\rm{M_{\odot}}$ and specific star formation rate $sSFR\sim 0.3\,\rm{Gyr^{-1}}$. This mass is among the lowest inferred for host-galaxies of explosive transients from massive stars. Our observations of CSS161010 are consistent with an engine-driven aspherical explosion from a rare evolutionary path of a H-rich stellar progenitor, but we cannot rule out a stellar tidal disruption event on a centrally-located intermediate mass black hole. Regardless of the physical mechanism, CSS161010 establishes the existence of a new class of rare (rate $, Comment: Accepted to ApJL
- Published
- 2020
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