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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jmq-10.1177_10776990231173890 for Comparing Journalistic Role Performance Across Thematic Beats: A 37-Country Study by Claudia Mellado, Mireya Márquez-Ramírez, Sarah Van Leuven, Daniel Jackson, Cornelia Mothes, Carlos Arcila-Calderón, Jérome Berthaut, Nicole Blanchett, Sandrine Boudana, Katherine Y. N. Chen, Sergey Davydov, Mariana De Maio, Nagwa Fahmy, Martina Ferrero, Miguel Garcés, Lutz Hagen, Daniel C. Hallin, María Luisa Humanes, Marju Himma-Kadakas, Guido Keel, Claudia Kozman, Aleksandra Krstić, Sophie Lecheler, Misook Lee, Christi I-Hsuan Lin, Marco Mazzoni, Kieran McGuinness, Karen McIntyre, Jacques Mick, Cristina Navarro, Dasniel Olivera, Marcela Pizarro, Henry Silke, Terje Skjerdal, Agnieszka Stępińska, Gabriella Szabó and Diana Viveros Aguilar in Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jmq-10.1177_10776990231173890 for Comparing Journalistic Role Performance Across Thematic Beats: A 37-Country Study by Claudia Mellado, Mireya Márquez-Ramírez, Sarah Van Leuven, Daniel Jackson, Cornelia Mothes, Carlos Arcila-Calderón, Jérome Berthaut, Nicole Blanchett, Sandrine Boudana, Katherine Y. N. Chen, Sergey Davydov, Mariana De Maio, Nagwa Fahmy, Martina Ferrero, Miguel Garcés, Lutz Hagen, Daniel C. Hallin, María Luisa Humanes, Marju Himma-Kadakas, Guido Keel, Claudia Kozman, Aleksandra Krstić, Sophie Lecheler, Misook Lee, Christi I-Hsuan Lin, Marco Mazzoni, Kieran McGuinness, Karen McIntyre, Jacques Mick, Cristina Navarro, Dasniel Olivera, Marcela Pizarro, Henry Silke, Terje Skjerdal, Agnieszka Stępińska, Gabriella Szabó and Diana Viveros Aguilar in Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly

The authors regret to inform about an error in the affiliation of the corresponding author in the published version of this article. The correct affiliation of Dr. Bojan Janković should be: University of Belgrade, Department of Physical Chemistry, “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. Link to the corrected article: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10134]

Lokalni mediji imaju važnu ulogu u informisanju lokalnih zajednica, razvoju medijskog pluralizma i oblikovanju stavova građana o značaj-nim društveno-političkim pitanjima. Lokalni mediji mogu da pod-staknu aktivizam građana u pravcu pokretanja važnih pitanja o ostva-rivanju prava na lokalne usluge, ali i da utiču na lokalne samouprave da kreiraju i sprovode politike usmerene ka rešavanju aktuelnih soci-jalnih i ekoloških izazova, kao što su siromaštvo, nerazvijena infra-struktura, zapuštenost javnih površina, zagađenost vazduha, reka, zemljišta itd. Dosadašnja istraživanja o lokalnim medijima uglavnom su usmerena na njihovu ekonomsku i tržišnu održivost, političku in-strumentalizaciju i profesionalizaciju kadrova, način informisanja, kao i na stepen participacije građana u proizvodnji medijskog sadrža-ja. Međutim, pitanja o tome da li i kako lokalni mediji utiču na lokalne vlasti da pokreću određene promene u zajednicama ostaju na margi-nama interesovanja istraživača. Imajući u vidu ovaj kontekst, ovaj rad istražuje uticaj lokalnih medija u Srbiji na lokalne samouprave u po-gledu kreiranja i sprovođenja javnih politika kojima se rešavaju soci-jalni i ekološki problemi. Metodološki, istraživanje je zasnovano na dubinskim intervjuima sa dvadeset novinara i novinarki lokalnih me-dija iz jedanaest gradova u Srbiji. Analiza intervjua pokazuje kako određene novinarske priče i medijska inicijativa utiču na to da lokalne vlasti rešavaju neko socijalno ili ekološko pitanje. Istovremeno, istra-živanje ukazuje na glavne prepreke i probleme sa kojima se novinari susreću u realizaciji ovih tema Local media play an important role in informing local communities, developing media pluralism and shaping citizens’ perspectives about important social and political is-sues. Local media outlets also contribute to citizens’ activism and encourage debates about relevant problems, trying to impact local governments to create and implement credible policies and solve diversified problems, e.g., poverty, underdeveloped infra-structure, toxic air, water and soil etc. Contemporary scholarship dealing with local media has been mainly focused on their economic and market sustainability, political instrumentalization and staff professionalization, or citizens’ participation in the pro-duction of media content. However, questions about whether and how local media outlets influence local governments to drive changes in local communities and devel-op more transparent, fair and democratic policies have been largely marginalized in contemporary media research. Against this background, this paper examines the in-fluence of local media outlets in Serbia on the work of local governments and their ability to create and implement public policies which contribute to solving different social and environmental problems. Methodologically, this study is based on in-depth interviews with twenty journalists and editors of local media organizations from elev-en cities in Serbia. The analysis shows how certain journalistic stories and media ini-tiatives, coupled with citizens’ participation in the production of media contents, im-pact local governments to solve particular sets of social and environmental problems. At the same time, the study highlights the main groups of problems and barriers local journalists have been faced with in their professional reporting, which largely prevents the scope of their impact in local communities.

Akademska istraživanja o medijskom izveštavanju o migrantima i izbeglicama su u porastu od velike „migrantske krize” 2015. godine. Međutim, malo autora se fokusira na vizuelnu reprezentaciju migrantkinja, za koju je utvrđeno da može da utiče na pozitivnije stavove građana i da doprinese razvoju „kulture go- stoprimstva” (Bleiker et al., 2014). Glavni cilj ovog rada je da identifikuje dominantne vizuelne okvire u kojima se u štampanim i on-lajn medijima u Srbiji izveštava o migrantkinjama sa Bliskog istoka i iz Afrike. Кvantitativno-kvalitativna ana- liza 54 fotografije u periodu od 2015. do 2020. godine zasnovana je na konceptu vi- zuelnih medijskih okvira. Glavni rezultati pokazuju da se migrantkinje dominantno vizuelno prikazuju u okvirima pretnje po bezbednost granica i zdravlja ljudi, sa velike udaljenosti kamere od grupe u kojoj se nalaze, čime su lišene identiteta i glasa u medijskom sadržaju. Contemporary research on media reporting about migrants and refugees has been intensified since the 2015 European migrant crisis. However, only a limited number of authors focus on the visual representation of female migrants, which has been recog- nised to lead to more positive citizens’ perceptions and the development of the “culture of hospitality” (Bleiker et al., 2014). The main objective of this paper is to identify dominant visual frame in which female migrants appear in the Serbian print and online media. The mixed-method analysis of 54 images captured from 2015 until 2020 is based on the theo- retical concept of visual media frames. The main results show that female migrants have been dominantly visually represented as a threat to border security and public health and that they are usually captured in long shots, deprived of identity and voice in the overall media coverage.

Veliki broj političara koristi vizuelni medijski sadržaj za potrebe lične promocije,‎ predizbornih kampanja i za komunikaciju sa biračima. Pored televizijskih ‎snimaka i fotografija u štampanim medijima, političari sve više koriste ‎vizuelno-centrične digitalne platforme, poput Instagrama, Jutjuba, Snepčeta ‎i TikToka, kako bi doprli do šire javnosti i obezbedili veću podršku. Jedan ‎broj političara redovno koristi Instagram kao mrežu koja beleži ogroman ‎rast u odnosu na druge poznate društvene mreže. Instagram je svojom‎ vizuelnošću omogućio političku hiperindividualizaciju, pa se čini da su inače ‎distancirani predsednici, premijeri i drugi političari sve „običniji” i bliži‎ građanima. Jedan od njih je i predsednik Srbije Aleksandar Vučić, čiji je zvanični‎ Instagram profil @buducnostsrbijeav poslednjih godina postao važan ‎izvor informacija mejnstrim medijima u Srbiji, pa i Javnom medijskom servisu.‎ Imajući u vidu ovaj kontekst, u radu se istražuje kako se na Instagram ‎profilu predsednika Srbije vizuelno reprezentuju građani Srbije i kao objekat‎i kao izvor politike. Na osnovu kvantitativne i kvalitativne analize fotografija ‎i video snimaka objavljenih u toku 2019. i 2021. godine, identifikuju se glavni‎ vizuelni okviri u kojima se predstavljaju građani Srbije, kao i vizuelne strategije‎ na osnovu kojih Aleksandar Vučić stupa u interakciju sa običnim ljudima, uspostavlja odnose sa pojedinim društvenim i profesionalnim grupama, a istovremeno šalje određene političke poruke., A large number of politicians often use visual media content for promotion, campaigning‎ and communication with citizens. Alongside traditional visual content, ‎such as TV newscasts and images in print media, visual digital platforms‎ and social media have become popular avenues for politicians to reach the audience‎ and garner support. Some of them regularly use Instagram as a growing ‎platform in recent years, which has contributed to political hyperindividualization ‎and made “distanced” presidents, prime ministers and other political leaders ‎more “ordinary” and closer to citizens. The Instagram account of Aleksandar‎Vučić, Serbia’s president, has become highly popular in recent years and highly‎ relevant source of information for the mainstream media in Serbia, including‎ the Public Broadcasting Service RTS. Against this background, this paper examines ‎how Serbia’s citizens have been visually represented on the president’s Instagram.‎ For that purpose, quantitative and qualitative content analysis of photographs ‎and videos published in 2019 and 2021 has been conducted. The study‎ identifies the main visual frames in which the citizens of Serbia appear on this ‎profile and discusses the leading visual strategies of Vučić’s interaction with the‎ people in general and with specific social and professional groups.‎

Istraživanja medijskog predstavljanja izbeglica i migranata intenzivirana su poslednjih godina, naročito od 2015. godine kada je iz zemalja Bliskog istoka zbog rata izbeglo nekoliko miliona ljudi. Dosadašnja akademska istraživanja o tome kakvo je novinarsko izveštavanje o migrantskoj krizi i sudbinama izbeglica uglavnom su fokusirana na medije Zapadne Evrope i Amerike i na analizu verbalnih narativa i diskursa tekstova u štampanim medijima. Manji broj istraživanja uzima u obzir i vizuelni medijski sadržaj, koji može da ima značajan uticaj na percepciju građana i formiranje stavova o migrantima i izbeglicama. U Srbiji, koja se nalazi na „Balkanskoj ruti“ i kroz koju je od početka migrantske krize prošlo preko milion ljudi sa Bliskog istoka i Afrike, istraživanja vizuelnog medijskog predstavljanja migracija su retka. Imajući u vidu ovaj kontekst, ovaj rad polazi od teorije medijskih okvira i istražuje vizuelno uokvirivanje izbeglica i migranata u devet štampanih i onlajn medija u Srbiji od 2015. do 2020. godine. Metodološki dizajn istraživanja, zasnovan na kvantitativnoj i kvalitativnoj analizi 469 fotografija, obuhvata denotativni, stilsko-semiotički i konotativni nivo vizuelnog medijskog uokvirivanja (Rodriguez and Dimitrova, 2011), kao i hronološki pregled dominantnih medijskih okvira i tehnika vizuelnog predstavljanja migranata u najčitanijim medijima u Srbiji. The research of media presentation of migrants and refugees has been intensified in recent years, especially after 2015 when several million people fled their homes from the war zones in the Middle East and Africa. Contemporary scholarship focusing on journalistic and media reporting on migrant crisis has been mainly researching Western European and the US media context, as well as verbal media narratives of print media outlets. Only a small number of papers examines visual media content, which can have a significant impact on citizens’ perceptions about migrants and refugees. In Serbia, a country situated on “the Balkans route” and which more than a million people from Middle East and Africa had crossed since 2015, visual depiction of migrants and refugees has been rarely researched. Against this background, the paper is based on media framing theory and examines visual framing of migrants and refugees in nine print and online media in Serbia from 2015 until 2020. Methodologically, the paper builds on mixed method research of 469 images analyzed within the denotative, stylistic-semiotic and connotative level of visual media framing (Rodriguez and Dimitrova, 2011), including the timeline analysis of dominant visual media frames and presentation techniques of migrants and refugees in the relevant media outlets in Serbia.

In this paper, NiZnCo ferrite was produced by solid state synthesis, calcination at 1000 °C and sintering at 1250 °C in air atmosphere. The microstructure and phases of the sintered sample were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The magnetic properties of the ferrite were evaluated by magnetization and magnetostriction measurements. The complex magnetic permeability and complex permittivity were also measured between 1 MHz-12 GHz and the reflection loss (RL) was calculated in the 100 MHz-12 GHz frequency range. The results show that the ferrite sample presents magnetostrictive behaviour and a saturation magnetization of 71 Am2/kg. Complex permittivity measurements indicate that the material has dielectric behaviour in the whole frequency range studied, with ε′ varying between 7-40, and magnetic behaviour in frequencies between 1 MHz-5 GHz. The minimum RL was found at frequencies between 2.4-3.3 GHz and the calculated RL value for a thickness of 3 mm was lower than −10 dB in frequencies between 2.3-7.3 GHz. These results indicate potential application as microwave absorber in the S band.

Recent public opinion polls indicate that the public’s distrust in traditional news media is on the rise and that citizens increasingly turn to alternative information sources in the digital environment. Professional journalism—burdened by a multifaceted crisis—faces the challenge of maintaining a central position in the public information process. In this environment, media audiences may themselves produce media content and perform some journalistic functions, such as selection and verification of the news. These processes have the potential to contribute to the democratization of public information and to improve the critical capacity of citizens, which could help the public resist manipulation attempts from various political actors and organized interests. In such a context, improving media literacy is often discussed as a panacea for democratic challenges in the digital environment in both academic and media discourses. Similar to other countries, the popularity of media literacy programs in both formal and informal education is on the rise in Serbia. Recent empirical research shows that such programs are not a universal remedy and that their success is contingent on careful planning and setting realistic goals. The first aim of this study is to offer a critical review of the literature on media literacy focusing on theoretical and methodological diversity, as well as on the empirical findings regarding intervention effects. Based on this analysis, we will propose a research agenda with the aim of bridging the works of practitioners and researchers in order to increase the potential of future media literacy programs to improve the civic capacities of digital audiences in Serbia. On The Occasion Of The 60 Years Of The Department Of Management And Production In Theatre, Radio, And Culture

Jedan od pokazatelja demokratizacije medija i politike u Srbiji jeste uvođenje prvih organizovanih TV duela predsedničkih kandidata i TV debata pred- stavnika stranaka uoči parlamentarnih izbora. Ovi medijski događaji u Srbiji su posle 2000. godine imali značajnu ulogu u unapređenju kulture dijaloga, obezbeđivanju kvalitetnije izborne komunikacije i promociji različitih političkih pozicija i kandidata. Rad istražuje predsedničke TV duele posle 2000. godine u Srbiji u širem kontekstu sučeljavanja kandidata za predsednike širom sveta kao značajnim medijskim događajima u predizbornim kampanjama. Predsednički TV dueli u Srbiji održani su uoči drugog kruga predsedničkih izbora 2002. godine, kada su u beograd- skom Medija centru polemisali Vojislav Кoštunica i Miroljub Labus, kao i uoči drugog kruga izbora 2004, 2008. i 2012. godine između Tomislava Nikolića i Borisa Tadića. Značaj predsedničkih TV duela posle demokratskih promena 2000. godine u ovom radu se ispituje iz ugla novinara odnosno moderatora duela. Television debates between candidates for Serbia’s president are significant in election campaigns around the world, and particularly in the context of media and poli- tical democratization. Presidential and parliamentary TV debates have played an important role in the development of political communication and the establishment of a dialogue between different political options and candidates in the last twenty years in Serbia. This paper examines presidential TV debates from the beginning of democratic transition of Serbia, namely the debates organized in the eve of presidential elections in 2002, between Vojislav Koštunica and Miroljub Labus, and in 2004, 2008 and 2012 between Tomislav Nikolić and Boris Tadić. The content, organization and the role of TV debates in media and political context of Serbia are discussed from the point of view of media, since the mode- rators of the analysed TV debates have been interviewed for the purposes of this paper.

The paper examines key theoretical approaches that study the EU representa- tion in the media and that are present in the contemporary academic re- searches. The main theoretical concepts and analyses of the media reporting on the relevant EU issues in the EU member states and outside the EU have been identified. Looking into the most relevant and contemporary academic literature, the paper aims to explain how academic research has contributed to better understanding of the media representation of the EU, the relation- ship between the EU institutions and journalists, as well as the media effects related to citizens’ perceptions of the European Union. Rad se bavi teorijskim pristupima koji izučavaju medijsku reprezentaciju Evropske unije, a koji su prisutni u akademskim istraživanjima od početka dvehiljaditih godina do danas. U radu se identifikuju glavni teorijski koncepti i istraživački pravci koji su ključni za razumevanje medijskog izveštavanja o EU u zemljama članicama i državama Zapadnog Balkana. Glavni cilj ovog rada je da objasni na koji način akademska istraživanja u ovoj oblasti doprinose boljem razumevanju medijskog izveštavanja o EU, odnosa novinara sa EU institucijama i efekata medijske reprezentacije EU na stavove građana.

U radu se istražuje način na koji novinari u Srbiji razumeju svoju ulogu u izve- štavanju o važnim političkim i društvenim sukobima, šta smatraju etičkim izve- štavanjem, sa kojim etičkim dilemama se susreću i kako ti izazovi utiču na nji- hovo izveštavanje. Istraživanje se teorijski zasniva na konceptima koji ispituju novinarsku etiku sa normativnog, organizacionog i individualnog aspekta, a metodološki se zasniva na četiri studije slučaja sukoba u demokratizaciji Srbije od 2001. do 2015. godine i na kvalitativnoj analizi dubinskih intervjua sa 28 novinara i urednika relevantnih medijskih kuća. This paper examines how ethical values and ethical code of conduct are interpreted and practiced by professional journalists reporting on non-violent democratization conflicts in Serbia. Building on theoretical concepts which approach to journalism ethics from normative, organizational and individual level, this study shows how journalists perceive ethical reporting of democratization conflicts, which ethical dilemmas they have faced and how those challenges influenced overall media coverage. Empirically, this paper draws on indepth interviews with 28 journalists working in national news organizations and four conflict cases in Serbia’s democratization between 2001 and 2015

Motivation is of crucial importance for the life of every individual because in order for people to live, work and create, a person has to have a will, a desire, a need - in one word - they have to be motivated. Motivation is certainly important for teachers, teaching profession, professional development and self-development. Motivation is actually an internal driving force that makes an individual want to achieve something, to accomplish, to advance. No one can improve or advance unless being driven either by extrinsic or intrinsic motivation. Motivation in a person starts with the will, desire, strength, and persistence. Professional development of teachers is a long-term integrative process during which their skills, knowledge and abilities are improved through learning, work and cooperation with other fellow teachers and starting with them as individuals largely responsible for the quality of their own work. Teachers should be given the opportunity to develop professionally. However, their professional development is largely linked to their self-development as the key element of the teaching profession. Professional development of teachers makes possible for continuous acquisition, increase and improvement of their knowledge, and development and enhancement of skills and abilities desirable for successful teaching activities implementation. Professional development also contributes to a high-quality teaching process, successful and efficient cooperation with parents, fellow colleagues and the local community. The aim of this research is to investigate the attitudes and opinions of teachers in reference to the importance of motivation for professional growth and self- development.

U ovom radu se analizira koncept „imerzivnog“ novinarstva koji, na osnovu upotrebe tehnologija augmentovane i virtuelne stvarnosti, menja uloge novinara, tržište medija i iskustva publike. Ovaj vid novinarstva se razvija u medijskim organizacijama na Zapadu i predstavlja jedan od rastućih biznis modela kompanija koje, osim medija, u svom vlasništvu imaju i društvene mreže, mobilne platforme i multimedijalne portale. Medijske priče, nadograđene tehnološkim inovacijama augmentovane i virtuelne stvarnosti, treba da izazovu dublju uronjenost publike u takve sadržaje i ponude sasvim nova iskustva. Ta uronjenost u sadržaj predstavlja ključnu promenu u predstavljanju, raščlanjivanju i razumevanju stvarnosti u odnosu na tradicionalno novinarstvo, ali istovremeno nosi određene etičke i profesionalne dileme i otvara niz pitanja o menjanju uloge novinara i strukture redakcija. Na osnovu pregleda akademske literature i rezultata relevantnih istraživanja, ovaj rad kritički analizira koncept „imerzivnog“ novinarstva u svetskim medijima i posmatra ga kao jedan od ključnih izazova za medijsko tržište, novinarsku praksu i univerzitetsko obrazovanje budućih novinara. his article questions and analyzes the concept of “immersive” journalism, which has emerged from advanced technologies of augmented and virtual reality and which has already been changing the role of the media, journalism and audiences’ experiences. Developed and applied in media and tech companies in the Western countries, this form of journalism represents one of the growing business models used by companies oriented towards improving and developing social networks, mobile platforms and multimedia online portals. Immersion of the audience into journalistic stories, which are upgraded by AR and VR technologies, represents the key change of our understanding, analyzing and representing the reality, and at the same time brings into question ethical and professional journalistic standards. Built on the growing body of academic scholarship and contemporary research in the field, this article critically examines the concept “immersive” journalism and looks into relevant aspects of its theoretical foundations and practical implementation in the media industry and the university education of journalists.

The aim of this paper is to examine in which way the following factors influence TV owners‟ strategies for the development of television as a business in the turbulent media market of Serbia: 1) the size of the news market and local media environment, 2) the response to technological changes, 3) economic status of the television outlet, and 4) clientelism. For the purpose of this case study, in-depth interviews were conducted with the owners of six local commercial TV stations located in different regions in Serbia. The results show that instead of developing professional resources for a highly competitive media environment, TV owners are fighting for bare survival. However, their strategies for the development of television as a business can be divided into two camps: one group expects the help of the state to overcome financial constraints, while the other seeks to develop e-business and web advertising as models of sustainable growth on the market. Cilj ovog rada je da ispita na koji način sledeći faktori utiču na strategije televizijskih vlasnika da razvijaju televiziju kao biznis na turbulentnom medijskom tržištu u Srbiji: 1) veličina medijskog tržišta i lokalno medijsko okruženje, 2) odgovor na tehnološke promene, 3) ekonomski status tele-vizije i 4) klijentelizam. Za potrebe studije slučaja sprovedeni su dubinski intervjui sa vlasnicima šest lokalnih privatnih televizija u različitim regionima Srbije. Rezultati pokazuju da se vlasnici lokalnih televizija, umesto da razvijaju profesionalne resurse za potrebe visoko kompetitivnog medijskog okruženja, bore za opstanak na tržištu. Njihove strategije za razvoj televizije kao biznisa podeljene su u dve grupe: jedna grupa vlasnika očekuje pomoć države u prevazilaženju finansijskih poteškoća, dok druga grupa razvija elektronski biznis i internet oglašavanje kao modele održivog razvoja i rasta na tržištu.

У докторском раду се раѕматра однос комуникационих активности институција Европске уније и електронских медија у Србији, у иѕвештавању о ЕУ темама... The dissertation analyzes the relationship between communication activities of the European Union institutions and electronic media in Serbia regarding the EU topics. The research object is the EU (European) topic reported in the main newscasts of national and local or regional radio and TV stations and daily news of web portals in Serbia on one side, and in audiovisual services of the EU political institutions, on the other. Starting from the theoretical concept of media logic and the meditatization of politics, the author explores mediatized political communication of the EU institutions, achieved through their audiovisual services from technical, organizational and editorial aspects. Empirically researching the visibility of the EU topics and the ways they have been reported in the EU audiovisual services and Serbian electronic media, the aim of this dissertation is to explain if and why there has been a gap between the EU ТЧstТtutТШЧs’ МШЦЦuЧТМКtТШЧ КМtТvТtТОs КЧН tСО EU rОpШrtТЧР ТЧ tСО electronic media in Serbia. For that purpose, content analysis of the EU topics in three EU audiovisual services and thirty one electronic media in Serbia has been conducted, as well as indepth interviews with editors and editors-in-chief of the audiovisual services in the EU institutions. The EU institutions are analyzed not only as relevant sources of information in the media reporting or political institutions whose main task is to create legislative system and various policies in the EU, but primarily as creators of media content. Considering this framework, the author analyzes the way communication activities of the EU institutions have been mediatized, as well as the effects such practice, regarding the media content production and distribution, might have on the EU topТМs’ vТsТЛТХТtв ТЧ the Serbian electronic media. The main argument of the dissertation is that the European Union, through audiovisual services of the EU Commission, the European Council-Council of the EU and the EU Parliament, does not manage to impose the EU topics in the Serbian electronic media, because both the audiovisual content and the form of its distribution differ from the dominant EU reporting practices in the Serbian electronic media. Applying institutional argumentation, the dissertation explains how and why the production and distribution of EU topics in sampled media in Serbia and in the EU ТЧstТtutТШЧs’ КuНТШvТsuКХ sОrvТМОs СКvО ЛООЧ prТЦКrТХв ТЧПХuОЧМОН Лв tСОТr ТЧstТtutТШЧКХ frameworks. Set on the basis of defined object and aims of the research, proposed hypotheses and the model of arguments, the relevant theoretical framework has been discussed. In broader sense, the theoretical part of the dissertation looks into the relations between media and politics, and more concretely it analyzes the mediatization of politics and its ЦШst ТЦpШrtКЧt pКrКНТРЦs КЧН МШЧМОpts. TСОШrОtТМКХ МШЧМОpts ШП ЦОНТК sвstОЦs’ ЦШНОХs and journalistic cultures have been also presented. Once the methodological approach has been established, the communication activities of the EU and its main institutions have been presented, as well as the relevant scholarly findings regarding the EU reporting practices in the European media and the media in the Western Balkans region. The main characteristics of the broadcast market and media system in Serbia have also been portrayed. The research findings show that the media content produced by the EU audiovisual services has been deeply determined by political agendas of the EU institutions. Following political or institutional agendas, the services function according to certain rules and principles of the institutions they have been established by and financed from, mostly representing the work of EU officials and their everyday activities. More specifically, the EU topic in the EU Commission audiovisual service is perceived as the role of this institution in solving current issues, problems and challenges in the EU and its contribution to the development of cooperation in various social and economic aspects. For the audiovisual service of the EU Parliament, the EU topic is МШЧsТНОrОН Кs rОprОsОЧtКtТШЧ ШП tСО ЈКrХТКЦОЧt’ ЦКТЧ ЛШНТОs КЧН КМtТvТtТОs ШП tСО members of its committees, political groups and the president. The audiovisual service of the European Council-Council of the EU represent the EU topics regarding the role of this institution in decision-making processes that affect the EU member states, as well as the countries which are not members of the EU. Considering the editorial decision-making, the editors of the audiovisual services regularly communicate with higher authorities in each EU institution and that is why they cannot independently decide about the media content production, since their decisions are influenced by a certain institutional framework. Contrary to audiovisual services of the EU institutions, the EU topics in the Serbian electronic media have been rarely reported – less than 5 per cent in the overall newscasts of TV and radio stations and daily news of web portals. Regardless the differences between various types of electronic media, the EU topics are highly placed (agenda setting) in analyzed newscasts and columns, and often reported as the main news of the day. The EU topic is mainly politically and nationally filtered: it represents the role of Serbian political institutions and their officials in a certain event that has ЛООЧ ОvКХuКtОН Кs ТЦpШrtКЧt ПШr tСО МШuЧtrв’s prШРrОss tШаКrНs tСО EU. TСО EU institutions have been portrayed as mediators in the conflicts resolutions, decision makers that affect the country, or as sources of political and financial power that condition further process of the EU integration. Although the EU institutions have been widely used as sources of information, the attitudes of Serbian politicians prevail in the media reporting. The media agenda setting of the EU topics is based mostly on the organized events or press releases of the Serbian Government, and therefore processed in factual journalistic genres, lacking in-depth approach and critical journalistic attitudes. The research findings show that the audiovisual material produced within the EU services is rarely used in newscasts of radio and TV stations in Serbia, mostly for coverage of daily political events and by representing statements of the Prime Minister, Serbian and EU representatives in their meetings in Brussels. The author argues that the КЛsОЧМО ШП pХКМТЧР ХКrРОr EU КuНТШvТsuКХ sОrvТМОs’ МШЧtОЧt ТЧ tСО ЦКТЧ ЧОаsМКsts ШП radio and TV programs in Serbia has been directly influenced by the difference in supranational and national representation of the EU topics, which creates the differences in other important levels of both reporting practices. The dissertation also explains why the EU institutions, as sources of information, cannot dominantly influence the media coverage of the EU and the media content production in Serbian electronic media, as well as why the EU audiovisual services do not essentially impact the EU topics reported in the media in the country. In correlation with relevant scholarly findings and theoretical concepts, in respect of which the results are interpreted, the author concludes that the media logic influences the development of the EU communication activities, mostly the media content production of the audiovisual services of the EU institutions. However, in the representation, selection and coverage of the EU issues, the services follow institutional or political logic. Therefore, the mediatization of politics has been achieved only in the technical and organizational level of the media content production, in which audiovisual services share all characteristics of media production and distribution with broadcast media, but it has not been achieved in the most important level of the editorial decision-making process. According to the relevant theoretical framework and the main research findings, the author also concludes about the type of the journalistic culture which is dominant in the representation of EU topics and EU institutions in the electronic media in Serbia

American College of Clinical Pharmacy 2015, Virtual Poster Symposium

The dissertation analyzes the relationship between communication activities of the European Union institutions and electronic media in Serbia regarding the EU topics. The research object is the EU (European) topic reported in the main newscasts of national and local or regional radio and TV stations and daily news of web portals in Serbia on one side, and in audiovisual services of the EU political institutions, on the other. Starting from the theoretical concept of media logic and the meditatization of politics, the author explores mediatized political communication of the EU institutions, achieved through their audiovisual services from technical, organizational and editorial aspects. Empirically researching the visibility of the EU topics and the ways they have been reported in the EU audiovisual services and Serbian electronic media, the aim of this dissertation is to explain if and why there has been a gap between the EU ТЧstТtutТШЧs’ МШЦЦuЧТМКtТШЧ КМtТvТtТОs КЧН tСО EU rОpШrtТЧР ТЧ tСО electronic media in Serbia. For that purpose, content analysis of the EU topics in three EU audiovisual services and thirty one electronic media in Serbia has been conducted, as well as indepth interviews with editors and editors-in-chief of the audiovisual services in the EU institutions. The EU institutions are analyzed not only as relevant sources of information in the media reporting or political institutions whose main task is to create legislative system and various policies in the EU, but primarily as creators of media content. Considering this framework, the author analyzes the way communication activities of the EU institutions have been mediatized, as well as the effects such practice, regarding the media content production and distribution, might have on the EU topТМs’ vТsТЛТХТtв ТЧ the Serbian electronic media. The main argument of the dissertation is that the European Union, through audiovisual services of the EU Commission, the European Council-Council of the EU and the EU Parliament, does not manage to impose the EU topics in the Serbian electronic media, because both the audiovisual content and the form of its distribution differ from the dominant EU reporting practices in the Serbian electronic media. Applying institutional argumentation, the dissertation explains how and why the production and distribution of EU topics in sampled media in Serbia and in the EU ТЧstТtutТШЧs’ КuНТШvТsuКХ sОrvТМОs СКvО ЛООЧ prТЦКrТХв ТЧПХuОЧМОН Лв tСОТr ТЧstТtutТШЧКХ frameworks. Set on the basis of defined object and aims of the research, proposed hypotheses and the model of arguments, the relevant theoretical framework has been discussed. In broader sense, the theoretical part of the dissertation looks into the relations between media and politics, and more concretely it analyzes the mediatization of politics and its ЦШst ТЦpШrtКЧt pКrКНТРЦs КЧН МШЧМОpts. TСОШrОtТМКХ МШЧМОpts ШП ЦОНТК sвstОЦs’ ЦШНОХs and journalistic cultures have been also presented. Once the methodological approach has been established, the communication activities of the EU and its main institutions have been presented, as well as the relevant scholarly findings regarding the EU reporting practices in the European media and the media in the Western Balkans region. The main characteristics of the broadcast market and media system in Serbia have also been portrayed. The research findings show that the media content produced by the EU audiovisual services has been deeply determined by political agendas of the EU institutions. Following political or institutional agendas, the services function according to certain rules and principles of the institutions they have been established by and financed from, mostly representing the work of EU officials and their everyday activities. More specifically, the EU topic in the EU Commission audiovisual service is perceived as the role of this institution in solving current issues, problems and challenges in the EU and its contribution to the development of cooperation in various social and economic aspects. For the audiovisual service of the EU Parliament, the EU topic is МШЧsТНОrОН Кs rОprОsОЧtКtТШЧ ШП tСО ЈКrХТКЦОЧt’ ЦКТЧ ЛШНТОs КЧН КМtТvТtТОs ШП tСО members of its committees, political groups and the president. The audiovisual service of the European Council-Council of the EU represent the EU topics regarding the role of this institution in decision-making processes that affect the EU member states, as well as the countries which are not members of the EU. Considering the editorial decision-making, the editors of the audiovisual services regularly communicate with higher authorities in each EU institution and that is why they cannot independently decide about the media content production, since their decisions are influenced by a certain institutional framework. Contrary to audiovisual services of the EU institutions, the EU topics in the Serbian electronic media have been rarely reported – less than 5 per cent in the overall newscasts of TV and radio stations and daily news of web portals. Regardless the differences between various types of electronic media, the EU topics are highly placed (agenda setting) in analyzed newscasts and columns, and often reported as the main news of the day. The EU topic is mainly politically and nationally filtered: it represents the role of Serbian political institutions and their officials in a certain event that has ЛООЧ ОvКХuКtОН Кs ТЦpШrtКЧt ПШr tСО МШuЧtrв’s prШРrОss tШаКrНs tСО EU. TСО EU institutions have been portrayed as mediators in the conflicts resolutions, decision makers that affect the country, or as sources of political and financial power that condition further process of the EU integration. Although the EU institutions have been widely used as sources of information, the attitudes of Serbian politicians prevail in the media reporting. The media agenda setting of the EU topics is based mostly on the organized events or press releases of the Serbian Government, and therefore processed in factual journalistic genres, lacking in-depth approach and critical journalistic attitudes. The research findings show that the audiovisual material produced within the EU services is rarely used in newscasts of radio and TV stations in Serbia, mostly for coverage of daily political events and by representing statements of the Prime Minister, Serbian and EU representatives in their meetings in Brussels. The author argues that the КЛsОЧМО ШП pХКМТЧР ХКrРОr EU КuНТШvТsuКХ sОrvТМОs’ МШЧtОЧt ТЧ tСО ЦКТЧ ЧОаsМКsts ШП radio and TV programs in Serbia has been directly influenced by the difference in supranational and national representation of the EU topics, which creates the differences in other important levels of both reporting practices. The dissertation also explains why the EU institutions, as sources of information, cannot dominantly influence the media coverage of the EU and the media content production in Serbian electronic media, as well as why the EU audiovisual services do not essentially impact the EU topics reported in the media in the country. In correlation with relevant scholarly findings and theoretical concepts, in respect of which the results are interpreted, the author concludes that the media logic influences the development of the EU communication activities, mostly the media content production of the audiovisual services of the EU institutions. However, in the representation, selection and coverage of the EU issues, the services follow institutional or political logic. Therefore, the mediatization of politics has been achieved only in the technical and organizational level of the media content production, in which audiovisual services share all characteristics of media production and distribution with broadcast media, but it has not been achieved in the most important level of the editorial decision-making process. According to the relevant theoretical framework and the main research findings, the author also concludes about the type of the journalistic culture which is dominant in the representation of EU topics and EU institutions in the electronic media in Serbia U doktorskom radu se raѕmatra odnos komunikacionih aktivnosti institucija Evropske unije i elektronskih medija u Srbiji, u iѕveštavanju o EU temama...

The visibility of the European Union in the media has been largely researched in contemporary scholarship. The EU reporting is mostly analyzed in regard to national print media and TV stations across Europe. Relevant studies show that the reporting on the EU topics is mostly uniform, shallow and occasional. The media are more interested to report on the EU from the national rather than supranational perspectives. However, the representation of the EU topics in radio newscasts is rarely researched. The radio has been the second most important source of information for Europeans and the first medium that holds the highest level of citizens' trust. In an attempt to contribute to the existing scholarship, this paper analyzes the extent to which national radio stations in Serbia report on the EU topics, as well as how they have been represented in the news. For that purpose, content analysis of the main newscasts of Radio Belgrade First Programme, Radio B92, Radio S and Radio Indeks was conducted during a three-month period in 2013. The main research findings show that only 5.44% of the newscasts are related to the EU topics. The thematic scope is rather limited to daily politics and representation of influential political actors in the country and in Brussels, without in-depth or analytical approach to the discussed issues. Vidljivost Evropske unije u medijima privlači pažnju brojnih istraživača. Istraživanja pokazuju da se o Evropskoj uniji izveštava gotovo uniformno, površno i sporadično, i da su mediji više zainteresovani da nadnacionalna pitanja učine nacionalno relevantnim. Izveštavanje o EU se najčešće ispituje na uzorku nacionalnih štampanih medija i televizijskih stanica u EU i državama u regionu Zapadnog Balkana. Međutim, informativni programi radio stanica se retko kad uzimaju u obzir analize, iako mogu da imaju značajan uticaj na publiku. Radio je, odmah posle televizije, drugi najvažniji izvor informisanja za građane Evrope. Cilj ovog rada je da istraži u kojoj meri i na koji način nacionalne radio stanice u Srbiji izveštavaju o EU temama. Za potrebe empirijskog istraživanja sprovedena je analiza sadržaja centralno-informativnih emisija Radio Beograda 1, Radija B92, Radija S i Radio Indeksa u tromesečnom periodu u toku 2013. godine. Rezultati pokazuju da je u ukupnom informativnom programu ovih stanica samo 5,44% emitovanog sadržaja posvećeno EU temama. Tematski okviri u kojima se izveštava o EU su ograničeni na dnevno-političke događaje i sastanke visokih političkih zvaničnika sa predstavnicima EU u Briselu, bez dublje obrade aktuelnih pitanja i kritičkog odnosa novinara prema temi.

We investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), autophagy and their interplay in osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. The activation of various members of AMPK, Akt and mTOR signaling pathways and autophagy was analyzed by immunoblotting, while osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining and real-time RT-PCR/immunoblot quantification of osteocalcin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 mRNA and/or protein levels. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was associated with early (day 1) activation of AMPK and its target Raptor, coinciding with the inhibition of mTOR and its substrate p70S6 kinase. The early induction of autophagy was demonstrated by accumulation of autophagosome-bound LC3-11, upregulation of proautophagic,beclin-1 and a decrease in the selective autophagic target p62. This was followed by the late activation of Akt/mTOR at days 3-7 of differentiation. The RNA interference-mediated silencing of AMPK, mTOR or autophagy-essential LC3 beta, as well as the pharmacological inhibitors of AMPK (compound C), Akt (10-DEBC hydrochloride), mTOR (rapamycin) and autophagy (bafilomycin A1, chloroquine and ammonium chloride), each suppressed mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts. AMPK knockdown prevented early mTOR inhibition and autophagy induction, as well as late activation of Akt/mTOR signaling, while Ala inhibition suppressed mTOR activation without affecting AMPK phosphorylation. Our data indicate that AMPK controls osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through both early mTOR inhibition-mediated autophagy and late activation of Akt/mTOR signaling axis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia [41025, 173053, 175062]; UNESCO LOREAL National Scholarship Program For Women in Science [403F]

The media play an important role in informing citizens about the process of EU integration. However recent research in the field shows that Serbian media coverage is mainly oriented towards protocol news and political process in highly positive tone. The aim of this paper is to highlight the picture of the EU represented by local media, since previous studies focused on national media content analyses. For this purpose survey with journalists from 41 local media outlets in different parts of Serbia has been done. Main research findings show that local media reporting is in line with mainstream national coverage. Journalists mostly rely on local governments and state institutions as sources of information. Stories are initiated by actual events and press conferences. Accordingly, political and economic topics prevail, while citizens and their everyday life remain on the margins of local media coverage. . Mediji imaju važnu ulogu u informisanju građana o procesu evropskih integracija, ali istraživanja rađena poslednjih godina pokazuju da mediji u Srbiji samo deklarativno, nekritički i protokolarno pristupaju evropskim temama. Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže kakvu sliku Evropske unije predstavljaju lokalni mediji, pošto su prethodnim analizama obuhvaćeni sadržaji nacionalnih medija. Način izveštavanja lokalnih medija o evropskim temama razmatra se na osnovu analize stavova novinara dobijenih anketom koja je sprovedena u 41 lokalnom mediju iz različitih krajeva Srbije. Glavni rezultati pokazuju da tretman evropskih tema u lokalnim medijima ne odstupa od dominantnog nacionalnog izveštavanja. Novinari kao izvore informacija najviše koriste organe lokalnih vlasti i državne institucije, a najčešći povod za izveštavanje su aktuelni i pseudo događaji. U skladu sa tim, preovlađuju dnevno-političke i ekonomske teme, a obični građani i njihov život ostaju van fokusa novinara lokalnih medija. .

Transplantacija matiĉnih ćelija hematopoeze (TMĆH) predstavlja uspešan vid leĉenja za decu obolelu od razliĉitih uroĊenih i steĉenih bolesti hematopoeze. Praćenje himerizma posle alogene transplantacije matiĉnih ćelija hematopoeze znaĉajno je za procenu rizika za odbacivanje kalema ili pojavu recidiva bolesti,a u cilju blagovremene primene odgovarajuće terapije. Glavni princip u detekciji himerizma je identifikacija i kvantitativna analiza genetiĉkih markera koji se u razliĉitim alelskim formama javljaju kod davaoca i primaoca. Za praćenje himerizma primenjena je analiza mikrosatelitskih genetiĉkih markera, metodom STR-PCR, koja omogućava preciznu procenu udela alela davaoca i primaoca u uzorku periferne krvi transplantiranog bolesnika. Sa druge strane, u sluĉajevima obolelih od malignih bolesti hematopoeze, pored praćenja relativnog odnosa ćelija hematopoeze primaoca i davaoca praćeno je i prisustvo minimalne rezidualne bolesti (MRB). Praćenje MRB kod obolelih od leukemije moguće je vršiti razliĉitim genetiĉkim metodama, zavisno od toga koji je specifiĉni genetiĉki marker otkriven prilikom postavljanja dijagnoze, pre transplantacije. U ovom radu su korišćene metode citogenetike i molekularne genetike (RT-PCR). Himerizam i prisustvo MRB su u ovoj studiji praćeni pet godina iz uzoraka periferne krvi ili kostne srţi, u odreĊenim vremenskim intervalima, sa medijanom od 11 meseci. Rezultati ovog rada su pokazali da je metoda STR-PCR efikasna metoda za praćenje himerizma i blagovremeno registrovanje odbacivanja kalema nakon transplantacije kod obolelih od nemalignih bolesti hematopoeze. MeĊutim, za blagovremeno otkrivanje pojave rcidiva kod obolelih od malignih bolesti hematopoeze, neophodna je primena i savremenih genetiĉkih metoda koje su specifiĉne za detekciju odreĊenog malignog klona prisutnog kod obolelog pre transplantacije... Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) is a very successful treatment modality for children with different acquired or inborn hematological diseases. The main goal of post-transplantation chimerism monitoring in HSCT is to predict negative events, such as disease relapse and graft rejection, in order to intervene with appropriate therapy and to improve the probability of long-term disease free survival. In this context, by quantifying the relative amounts of donor and recipient cells present in the peripheral blood sample, it can be determined if engraftment has taken place at all, or if full or mixed chimerism exists. On the other hand, monitoring of minimal residual disease in patients with malignant hematological diseases helps in predicting the possibility of relapse. This study describes the implementation and first clinical results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers and Amelogenin locus coupled with cytogenetics and reverse transcription PCR detection of recurrent translocations characteristic for childhood leukemia in monitoring of patients who underwent HSCT. Chimerism and MRD was regularly analyzed for five years from blood and marrow samples taken at various time points after transplantation with the median follow up of 11 months. Our results demonstrate that STR-based chimerism monitoring is sufficient in establishing the origin of engrafted cells after an allogeneic HSCT and in detecting graft rejection, but more specific and more sensitive methods for detection of minimal residual disease are necessary for identifying patients with imminent leukemia relapse...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) is a potent inductor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in transformed cells. Recently, Ski-interacting protein (SKIP) has been described as a regulator of TGF-β1 signal transduction, but its role in the induction of cell malignance by TGF-β1 has not been fully elucidated so far. In the present study, we analyzed the role of SKIP on TGF-β1-induced MMP-9 production. Mouse transformed keratinocytes (PDV) were stably transfected with SKIP antisense construct. We observed that SKIP depletion provoked an enhancement in the expression of MMP-9 in response to TGF-β1 treatment. The downregulation of SKIP produced an enhancement in TGF-β1-activated ERK1,2 MAP kinase as well as increased transactivation of downstream Elk1 transcription factor. The increased MMP-9 production in response to TGF-β1 was dependent of MAPK activation as PD98059, an MEK inhibitor, reduced MMP-9 expression in SKIP antisense transfected cells. Thus, we propose SKIP as a regulatory protein in TGF-β1-induced MMP-9 expression acting by controlling ERK1,2 signaling in transformed cells.

This paper aims to present the advantages and disadvantages of citizen journalism through historical evolution of this phenomenon in Serbia and throughout the world, as well as to present the challenges faced by professional journalists and to open up a space for wider public to debate about the chances and challenges brought by citizen journalism to democratic societies based on the freedom of speech. The questions about regulation, editorial responsibility and transparency of citizen journalism have been debated by many media experts who have been trying to resolve the citizens' participation in a public profession such as journalism. Chat services, forums, blogs, newsletters, emails, video by mobile phones, social networks and citizen journalism on the internet represent a real technological and human revolution of a modern age. According to relevant literature on online content selection and interviews with professional and citizen journalists, it can be concluded that participative journalism cannot jeopardize professional journalism as long as it is treated as citizens' participation in information gathering, exchange and distribution that is relevant to wider public. Cilj rada je da kroz istorijat razvoja građanskog novinarstva u svetu i Srbiji prikaže prednosti i nedostatke ove pojave, predstavi izazove sa kojima se suočavaju profesionalni novinari i uputi čitaoce na razmišljanje o šansama i izazovima koje građansko novinarstvo sa sobom nosi u demokratskim društvima koja se temelje na slobodi izražavanja. Pitanja regulacije, uređivačke odgovornosti i transparentnosti građanskog novinarstva predmet su najaktuelnijih debata među medijskim stručnjacima koji nude određena rešenja u vezi sa participacijom građana u jednoj javnoj profesiji kao što je novinarstvo. Čet servisi, forumi, blogovi, bilteni, e-pošta, video zapisi na mobilnim telefonima, društvene mreže, pa samim tim i građansko novinarstvo na Internetu predstavljaju pravu tehnološku i, može se reći, ljudsku revoluciju savremenog doba. Na osnovu literature, praćenja onlajn sadržaja i intervjua sa profesionalnim i građanima novinarima, zaključuje se da građansko novinarstvo ne može da ugrozi profesionalno ukoliko se tretira kao participacija građana u prikupljanju, razmeni i distribuciji informacija od značaja za širu javnost.

The paper presents the results of several health status parameters of sheep bred in the area exposed to depleted uranium (DU) ammunition during NATO bombing of Serbia and Montenegro in 1999. The blood samples of sheep were collected randomly in the region of Bujanovac, in 2004. Complete blood count was performed according to standard laboratory procedures. Concentration of red blood cells malondialdehyde (RBC MDA) and activity of erythrocyte superoxid dismutase (SOD) were determined spectrophotometrically, while the functional activity of leukocytes was investigated by NBT reduction and adhesion test. The results of complete red blood cells count indicated normocytic hypochromic anaemia. The total number of leukocytes and the differential leukocytes count were within the physiological range. Although the leukocytes adhesiveness was not changed in DU exposed animals, their increased NBT reduction revealed stimulated leukocytes' oxidative burst. This finding, together with significantly increased RBC MDA concentrations, as well as the activity of RBC antioxidant SOD, point to the existence of oxidative stress. Although the results indicated that animals were under oxidative stress, still there are no conclusive data that it was due to the exposure of DU that entered the environment during military operations. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja zdravstvenog stanja ovaca odgajanih u regionu koji je bio izložen delovanju municije sa osiromašenim uranijumom (DU) tokom bombardovanja Srbije i Crne Gore 1999. godine, od strane NATO pakta. Uzorci krvi su uzeti tokom 2004. godine od ovaca u regionu Bujanovca, metodom slučajnog izbora. Kompletan pregled krvi obavljen je standardnim laboratorijskim procedurama. Koncentracija malondialdehida u ertirocitima (RBC MDA) i aktivnost eritrocitne superoksid dismutaze (SOD) određene su spektrofotometrijski, dok je funkcionalna aktivnost leukocita ispitana NBT testom redukcije i adhezije. Rezultati kompletnog pregleda eritrocita su ukazali na postojanje normocitne hipohromne anemije. Ukupan broj leukocita i leukocitna formula su bili u fiziološkim okvirima. Kod životinja izloženih delovanju osiromašenog uranijuma nije bila izmenjena adhezivnost leukocita, ali je pojačana NBT redukcija ukazivala na to da je bio podstaknut njihov oksidativni prasak. Ovaj nalaz, uz značajan porast koncentracije RBC MDA i aktivnosti eritrocitnog antioksidativnog enzima SOD, ukazivali su na postojanje oksidativnog stresa. Rezultati dobijeni ovim ispitivanjima su upućivali na to da su životinje bile pod oksidativnim stresom, ali nemamo sigurne podatke da je on bio posledica izlaganja dejstvu osiromašenog uranijuma (DU) koji je dospeo u njihovu životnu sredinu tokom vojne akcije u tom regionu.

Modern architectural concepts, which are based on rational energy consumption of buildings and the use of solar energy as a renewable energy source, give the new and significant role to the roofs that become multi functional structures. Various energy efficient roof structures and elements, beside the role of protection, provide thermal and electric energy supply, natural ventilation and cooling of a building, natural lighting of the indoor space sunbeam protection, water supply for technical use, thus according to the above mentioned functions, classification and analysis of such roof structures and elements are made in this paper. The search for new architectural values and optimization in total energy balance of a building or the likewise for the urban complex, gave to roofs the role of "climatic membranes". Contemporary roof forms and materials clearly exemplify their multi functional features. There are numerous possibilities to achieve the new and attractive roof design which broadens to the whole construction. With such inducement, this paper principally analyze the configuration characteristics of the energy efficient roof structures and elements, as well as the visual effects that may be achieved by their application. Savremeni arhitektonski koncepti zasnovani na racionalnoj energetskoj potrošnji zgrada i upotrebi sunčeve energije, kao obnovljivog izvora energije daju nove i značajne uloge krovovima, koji postaju multifunkcionalne strukture. Različite energetski- efikasne krovne strukture i elementi, osim zaštite, omogućavaju snabdevanje toplotnom i električnom energijom, prirodnu ventilaciju i hlađenje zgrade, prirodno osvetljavanje prostora, zaštitu od sunčevih zraka, snabdevanje tehničkom vodom, a prema navedenim funkcijama u radu je izvršena njihova klasifikacija i analiza. Traganje za novim arhitektonskim vrednostima i optimizacija ukupnog energetskog bilansa zgrade kao i urbanih celina, dodelili su krovovima i funkciju "klimatskih omotača". Savremene forme i materijalizacija krovova jasno iskazuju njihovo multifunkcionalno obeležje. Raznovrsne su mogućnosti za nov i atraktivan dizajn krovova, a time i objekata. To je povod da se u radu uglavnom analiziraju oblikovne karakteristike energetski-efikasnih krovnih struktura i elemenata i vizuelni efekti koji se njima postižu.

Different biological functions of hematopoietic cells are regulated by signals cells receive from their environment that may come from interactions with other cells or from soluble growth factors and cytokines. Although the effects of hematopoietic regulators are well described, the exact intracellular signaling cascades leading to various cellular responses are not fully elucidated. All hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines seem able to activate all the major signal transduction pathways simultaneously, and it appears that the same network of signaling proteins may coordinate numerous cellular functions. However, the differences that lead to the unique biological events of the particular cytokine, as well as the differences that determine lineage-specific blood cell differentiation are only gradually being uncovered. With the help of specific inhibitors of known signal transduction pathways, we have examined the contribution of particular signaling molecules of Jak/Stat, MAP kinase and PI-3 kinase pathways, as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkB) transcription factor on the proliferation and differentiation of murine bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage (CFU- GM) and erythroid (BFU-E and CFU-E) progenitors. Preliminary results demonstrated that the effects of the inhibitors on the hematopoietic colony formation were lineage-dependent, as well as dependent on erythroid progenitors' stage of differentiation. The obtained differences suggest that different signal transduction intermediates regulate erythroid and myeloid progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Differences in the susceptibility of the progenitor cells to the inhibitors used were also observed. The data is consistent with other evidences indicating that different threshold levels are one of the mechanisms by which the signaling specificity may be achieved. Mnogobrojne funkcije hematopoetskih ćelija u toku procesa hematopoeze, regulisane su brojnim signalima koje ćelije primaju iz svoje okoline i to kako od drugih ćelija tako i od brojnih regulatornih molekula. Iako su biološki efekti regulatora hematopoeze uglavnom dobro opisani, putevi prenošenja signala unutar ćelija na koje deluju nisu još uvek u potpunosti razjašnjeni. Savremena istraživanja ukazuju da gotovo svi poznati hematopoetski regulatori mogu da aktiviraju gotovo sve bitne puteve prenošenja signala unutar ćelija, što sve upućuje da ista mreža signalnih komponenti može da koordinira brojne ćelijske funkcije. Međutim, razlike u transdukciji signala koje dovode do jedinstvenog biološkog dejstva svakog citokina, kao i razlike u prenosu signala kojom se određuje lozno-zavisna diferencijacija krvnih ćelija nisu još poznati. Naša istraživanja započela su određivanjem učešća pojedinih komponenti JAK/STAT puta signalizacije, MAP kinazne kaskade i PI-3 kinaznog puta, kao i aktivacije transkripcionog faktora NFKB, u proliferaciji i diferentovanju opredeljenih matičnih ćelija granulocitno-monocitne (CFU-GM) i eritrocitne (BFU- E i CFU-E) loze kostne srži normalnih miševa. Početni rezultati ovih ispitivanja su ukazali na postojanje kako lozno-zavisnih razlika u odgovoru matičnih ćelija hematopoeze na pojedine inhibitore, tako i na zavisnost odgovora od stepena zrelosti matičnih ćelija u okviru iste loze. Dobijene razlike upućuju da su različiti učesnici signalnih puteva uključeni u regulaciju proliferacije i diferencijacije eritrocitnih i granulocitno-monocitnih progenitora. Ovo je jedan od mogućih načina kojim se možda omogućava selektivna ekspanzija ćelija određenih krvnih loza u zavisnosti od potreba organizma. Takođe, uočene su i razlike u pragu osetljivosti različitih kategorija opredeljenih matičnih ćelija hematopoeze na ispitivane inhibitore signalnih puteva, što ide u prilog podacima da su različiti pragovi osetljivosti jedan od mogućih mehanizama kojim se najverovatnije ostvaruje specifičnost delovanja signalnih puteva.

The paper deals with the pressure distribution in buildings under influence of the thermal effect and wind. The main subject is atrium building as one of the building form of rational use of the urban space, especially in the field of bussines, trade and other public activities. By application of the basic principles of the thermal and wind effects to the complex conditions of multistory atrium buildings, recognizing the influence of the atrium configuration on the pressure distribution has been enabled. The special attention has been paid to the variant solutions of the atrium space openings as potential natural ventilation by passive cooling and using the wind energy. Rad se bavi raspodelom pritisaka u zgradama pod uticajem termičkog efekta i vetra. Glavna tema je atrijumska zgrada kao jedan od graditeljskih oblika racionalnog korišćenja gradskog prostora, naročito u oblasti poslovanja, trgovine i drugih javnih delatnosti. Primenom osnovnih principa termičkog efekta i dejstva vetra na složene uslove višespratnih atrijumskih zgrada, omogućeno je sagledavanje uticaja konfiguracije atrijuma na raspodelu pritisaka. Posebna pažnja je posvećena varijantnim rešenjima otvora atrijumskog prostora kao potencijala prirodne ventilacije putem pasivnog hlađenja i iskorišćenja energije vetra.

In the process of establishment of urban requirements for annex of attics on flat roofs and renewal of existing attics in purpose living spaces to be created, building conditions and requirements have to be taken into consideration. Methodological access is necessary and analyses of following building aspects should be carried out: 1) attic envelope building solutions on conceptual level, 2) living comfort in attics and 3) choice of construction. The first aspect is related to roof forms, conceptions of roof envelope (sloped surfaces, eaves and gutter) construction and visual coordination between roof and lower floors and surroundings. The second aspect is related to satisfaction of spatial-organization comfort, visual comfort, weather protection, which directly influence on attic appearance, as well as thermal, acoustic comfort, fire protection etc. The third aspect choice of construction, is related to conceptions of construction connections between attic and existing building. Izdavanje urbanističkih uslova za nadgradnju potkrovlja na ravnim krovovima i pretvaranje i reoblikovanje postojećih potkrovlja, u cilju formiranja prostora za boravak ljudi, mora sadržati i uslove za njihovu materijalizaciju. U tom cilju potreban je metodološki pristup koji podrazumeva analize sledećih aspekata problematike materijalizacije: 1) koncepcijske mogućnosti materijalizacije omotača potkrovlja, 2) komfor stanovanja u potkrovlju i 3) izbor konstrukcije. Prvi aspekt se odnosi na forme krova, koncepte materijalizacije završnog sloja, strehe i oluka i vizuelnu koordinaciju sa nižim etažama i okruženjem. Drugi aspekt se odnosi na zadovoljenje prostorno-organizacionog komfora, svetlosnog komfora i veze sa spoljnom sredinom, i zaštite od atmosferilija, koji direktno utiču na vizuelne karakteristike potkrovlja, kao i toplotni, zvučni komfor, zaštitu od požara itd. Treći aspekt, izbor konstrukcije, odnosi se na konceptualne mogućnosti uspostavljanja konstruktivne veze između nadgrađene etaže i postojećeg objekta.

Предмет овог рада је мигрантска криза у јавном дискурсу Србије, односно медијске репрезентације мигрантске кризе на сајтовима водећих штампаних медија у Србији. Дискурс о овој теми биће анализиран посредством анализе образаца представљања којима су се служили медији. Истраживањем су обухваћени текстови новинара и текстови које производе читаоци на сајтовима медија у узорку. Репрезентација је одређена као процес конструкције значења и осмишљавања друштвене стварности употребом специфичних језичких образаца у дискурсу. У складу са теоријом социјалног конструкционизма, у раду се указује на улогу медија као важних институција у обликовању погледа на свет, стварању и преношењу значења, идеја, уверења и афеката. Имајући у виду да је у технолошки промењеном и комуникацијски унапређеном окружењу промењен и степен активности медијске публике, у обзир су узети и коментари читалаца традиционалних штампаних медија на вебу. Рад је концептуално осмишљен кроз два дела, теоријски и истраживачки део. У првом делу рада полази се од указивања на близак и међузависан однос дискурса и репрезентација друштвеног живота које дају смисао и значење друштвеним појавама. Осим постављања темеља рада у контекст социјално-конструкционистичког процеса и указивања на улогу медија у борби за наметање одређене верзије стварности у симболичком пољу културе, у раду се разматрају и нове улоге медијских корисника. Овде је пажња посвећена проблематици односа између професионалних комуникатора и комуникатора аматера, читалаца сајтова који све чешће реагују на текстове новинара. Имајући у виду да се медијска екологија променила, а са њом и положај публике, основни истраживачки циљ је испитивање произведених значења о мигрантској кризи и мигрантима у новинарским и коментаторским текстовима на сајтовима три најутицајнија медија у Србији: Блиц, Политика и Курир. На основу поређења наратива у ова два комуникацијска тока, намера је била да се утврди да ли постоји хетерогеност, разноврсност гласова у медијском дискурсу. Основна хипотеза у истраживању је била: Постоје разлике у дискурзивном конструкту (у говору) о мигрантима између новинарских и коментаторских текстова на информативним веб сајтовима дневних новина. Показатељи на основу којих су упоређене значењске целине створене у текстовима новинара и коментатора су: обрасци номинације, референтни и предикативни обрасци, употреба топоса (аргумената) и употреба стратегије колективизације и агрегације. На ове језичке стратегије у медијском представљању друштвених група указала је Рут Водак (Ruth Wodak, 2001) у оквиру социоисторијског приступа критичкој анализи дискурса. Узорак истраживања чинили су сајтови три водећа медија, Блиц, Политика и Курир, у чијим су оквирима анализирани текстови новинара и коментатора. Истраживањем је обухваћен сваки понедељак током 2015. и 2017. године. Од метода је коришћена анализа садржаја и критичка анализа дискурса како би се слика о мигрантима и мигрантској кризи довела у везу са друштвеним, политичким, економским и културним контекстом Србије. Резултати су показали да постоји статистички значајна разлика између текстова новинара и коментатора на сајтовима Политике и Курира у односу на номинативну, референтну, предикативну, аргументативну и агрегативну димензију, док та разлика није утврђена као значајна у односу на употребу колективистичког стила приказивања миграната и избеглица. Под номинативним, референтним и предикативним стратегијама представљања подразумевају се обрасци именовања, додавање одређених особина и квалитета појединцима и групама у медијском дискурсу. Стратегијом топоса или аргумената изражени ставови се потврђују, оправдавају и учвршћују у дискурсу. Агрегативна стратегија заснива се на употреби бројева и статистике у представљању миграната, а колективистичком стратегијом мигранти се сагледавају као група уједначених способности, особина, квалитета, мотива. У раду је, осим тога, указано и на статистички значајну разлику између три сајта у узорку у погледу истих показатеља и добијене су разлике у референтним, предикативним и аргументативним категоријама, док у односу на обрасце именовања, присуство агрегације и колективизације у Блицу, Политици и Куриру није забележена значајнија разлика. Закључак на који наводе резултати истраживања односи се на постојање тенденције медија да се привидно различитим конструкцијским моделима оствари хомогенизација мишљења, афеката и понашања публике према мигрантима, избеглицама и кризи, која је захватила цео свет. Изабране језичке стратегије, као механизми акредитације политичких и идеолошких циљева, неповољно и на неодговарајући начин представљају ову осетљиву групу људи, а медијски корисници ретко користе прилику да створе суштински другачија значења, већ се користе негативним схемама сагледавања других вођени ирационалним уверењима, страхом и ксенофобијом. У таквом односу фактора и актера у пољу јавног комуницирања, намеће се потреба и обавеза да се и медији и њихова публика оспособе да критички и самостално приступају производњи и употреби значења, ослобођени негативних модела из прошлости и идеолошких, политичких и комерцијалних притисака, уз уважавање универзалних људских права и принципа толеранције и сарадње у међукултурном сусрету. The subject of this paper is the migrant crisis in the public discourse of Serbia, specifically the media representation of the migrant crisis on the websites of the leading print media in Serbia. The discourse on this topic will be analyzed through the analysis of presentation patterns used by the media. Also, the research included both texts of journalist and texts produced by readers on the media sites presented in the sample. Representation has been defined as the process of constructing meaning and designing social reality by using specific linguistic patterns in discourse. In accordance with the theory of social constructivism, the paper indicates the role of the media as important institutions in shaping the worldview, creating and conveying meanings, ideas, beliefs and affects. Taking into consideration that in the technologically changed and communicatively improved environment the level of activity of media audience has also changed, the comments of the readers of traditional print media on the web have also been taken into account. The paper is conceptually designed through two parts, the theoretical part and the research part. The first part of the paper starts by pointing out the close and interdependent relationship of discourse and the representations of social life that bring meaning and significance to social phenomena. In addition to laying the foundation of the paper in the context of the social-constructionist process and pointing out the media role in the struggle to impose a certain version of reality in the symbolic field of culture, the new roles of media users have also been considered in the paper. Here, the attention is focused on the issue of the relationship between professional communicators and amateur communicators, site readers who have been increasingly reacting to the texts of journalists. Keeping in mind that both the media ecology and the position of audience have changed, the primary research goal is to examine the meanings produced about the migrant crisis and migrants in journalistic and commentary texts on the websites of the three most influential media in Serbia: Blic, Politika and Kurir. Based on the comparison of the narratives in these two communication flows, the intention was to determine whether there is heterogeneity, the diversity of voices in media discourse. The main hypothesis in the research was: There are differences in the discursive construct (in speech) about migrants between journalistic and commentary texts on the informative websites of daily newspapers. The indicators on the basis of which the semantic units produced in the texts of journalists and commentators were compared are the following: nomination patterns, reference and predicative patterns, the use of topos (arguments) and the use of collectivization and aggregation strategies. Ruth Wodak (2001) pointed out these language strategies in the media representation of social groups within the framework of the socio-historical approach to critical discourse analysis. Furthermore, the research sample consisted of the websites of the three leading media, Blic, Politika and Kurir, within which the texts of journalists and commentators were analyzed. The research included every Monday during 2015 and 2017. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were the methods used in order to connect the image of migrants and the migrant crisis with the social, political, economic and cultural context of Serbia. Also, the results indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between the texts of journalists and commentators on the websites of Politika and Kurir in relation to the nominative, reference, predicative, argumentative and aggregative dimension, while this difference was not regarded as significant in relation to the use of collectivist representation style of migrants and refugees. Nominative, reference and predicative representation strategies denote the patterns of naming, adding certain characteristics and qualities to individuals and groups in media discourse. The expressed attitudes are being confirmed, justified and strengthened in the discourse by the strategy of topos or arguments, while the aggregation strategy is based on the use of numbers and statistics in the representation of migrants, and the collectivist strategy regards migrants as a group of uniform abilities, characteristics, qualities and motives. Moreover, the paper suggested the statistically significant difference between the three websites in the sample concerning the same indicators and the differences obtained in the reference, predicative and argumentative categories, while in relation to the patterns of naming, the presence of aggregation and collectivization in Blic, Politika and Kurir no significant difference was noticed. The conclusion drawn from the results of the research refers to the existence of the tendency of the media to achieve the homogenization of public opinions, affects and the audience behavior towards migrants, refugees and the crisis, which has affected the entire world, by seemingly different construction models. Selected language strategies, as well as the mechanisms for accrediting political and ideological goals represent this group of people in an unfavorable and inappropriate manner, while media users rarely use the opportunity to create fundamentally different meanings and rather use the negative schemes of perceiving others, led by irrational fears, beliefs and xenophobia. In such a relationship of factors and actors in the field of public communication, there is a need and obligation to enable both the media and their audience to critically and independently approach the production and use of meaning, free from the negative models from the past of ideological, political and commercial pressures, while respecting universal human rights and principles of tolerance and cooperation in the intercultural encounter.

Подземни објекти због својих позитивних утицаја на смањивањенегативних процеса урбанизације, све више постају саставни деоурбаних простора како у градским тако и у сеоским срединама. Посебанаспект истраживања посвећен је моделима који интегративно могудопринети превентивним поступањима за заштиту насеља и објеката одзагађађења попут буке и загађења ваздука, али и могућој превентивнојзаштити од временских непогода и њихових последица попутпоплава.Насути подземни објекти могу дакле имати значајну улогу уизградњи објеката који би поред стамбене, имали и фортификационуулогу посматрајући начине изградње и функционисања подземнихстамбених објеката., Podzemni objekti zbog svojih pozitivnih uticaja na smanjivanjenegativnih procesa urbanizacije, sve više postaju sastavni deourbanih prostora kako u gradskim tako i u seoskim sredinama. Posebanaspekt istraživanja posvećen je modelima koji integrativno mogudoprineti preventivnim postupanjima za zaštitu naselja i objekata odzagađađenja poput buke i zagađenja vazduka, ali i mogućoj preventivnojzaštiti od vremenskih nepogoda i njihovih posledica poputpoplava.Nasuti podzemni objekti mogu dakle imati značajnu ulogu uizgradnji objekata koji bi pored stambene, imali i fortifikacionuulogu posmatrajući načine izgradnje i funkcionisanja podzemnihstambenih objekata., Underground structures because of its positive effect on reducing negativeprocess of urbanization, are increasingly becoming an integral part of theurban area in both urban and rural areas. A particular aspect of the researchis dedicated to integrative models that can contribute to preventive actions toprotect settlements and objects from polution such as noise and air pollution,and possible preventive protection from the weather and their consequenceslike flood. Underground houses can therefore play an important role in theconstruction field, where besides residential purpose that type of buildingscould have a important role as a fortifications against the floods wave.

Подземни објекти због својих позитивних утицаја на смањивање негативних процеса урбанизације, све више постају саставни део урбаних простора како у градским тако и у сеоским срединама. Посебан аспект истраживања посвећен је моделима који интегративно могу допринети превентивним поступањима за заштиту насеља и објеката од загађађења попут буке и загађења ваздука, али и могућој превентивној заштити од временских непогода и њихових последица попут поплава.Насути подземни објекти могу дакле имати значајну улогу у изградњи објеката који би поред стамбене, имали и фортификациону улогу посматрајући начине изградње и функционисања подземних стамбених објеката. Podzemni objekti zbog svojih pozitivnih uticaja na smanjivanje negativnih procesa urbanizacije, sve više postaju sastavni deo urbanih prostora kako u gradskim tako i u seoskim sredinama. Poseban aspekt istraživanja posvećen je modelima koji integrativno mogu doprineti preventivnim postupanjima za zaštitu naselja i objekata od zagađađenja poput buke i zagađenja vazduka, ali i mogućoj preventivnoj zaštiti od vremenskih nepogoda i njihovih posledica poput poplava.Nasuti podzemni objekti mogu dakle imati značajnu ulogu u izgradnji objekata koji bi pored stambene, imali i fortifikacionu ulogu posmatrajući načine izgradnje i funkcionisanja podzemnih stambenih objekata. Underground structures because of its positive effect on reducing negative process of urbanization, are increasingly becoming an integral part of the urban area in both urban and rural areas. A particular aspect of the research is dedicated to integrative models that can contribute to preventive actions to protect settlements and objects from polution such as noise and air pollution, and possible preventive protection from the weather and their consequences like flood. Underground houses can therefore play an important role in the construction field, where besides residential purpose that type of buildings could have a important role as a fortifications against the floods wave.