37 results on '"Kandasamy, Selvaraj"'
Search Results
2. Microtextures on quartz grains from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific coastal sediments: Implications for sedimentary processes and depositional environment
- Author
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Jayagopal Madhavaraju, John S. Armstrong-Altrin, Kandasamy Selvaraj, and Rathinam Arthur James
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Geography, Planning and Development ,Paleontology ,Earth-Surface Processes - Published
- 2022
3. Low complexity ordered successive interference cancelation detection algorithm for uplink MIMO SC‐FDMA system
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Nalamani G. Praveena, Kandasamy Selvaraj, David Judson, and Mahalingam Anandaraj
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General Computer Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2022
4. Isotopic chemostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous Alisitos Formation (Punta China section), Baja California, Mexico
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Hannes Löser, Yong Il Lee, Robert W. Scott, Jayagopal Madhavaraju, and Kandasamy Selvaraj
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Paleontology ,Isotopes of carbon ,Section (archaeology) ,Chemostratigraphy ,Geology ,Biostratigraphy ,Isotopes of strontium ,Cretaceous - Published
- 2020
5. Influence of Controlled Permeable Formwork Liner on the Service Life of Reinforced Concrete
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Kandasamy Selvaraj and Kothandaraman Sivanandam
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Engineering ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Reinforced concrete ,Civil engineering ,0201 civil engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Excellence ,021105 building & construction ,Service life ,Formwork ,General Materials Science ,Cover (algebra) ,Quality (business) ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,media_common - Abstract
The service life of RC is dependent upon the superior nature of concrete and its overall quality and excellence as a suitable cover material. Concrete acting as cover material is the only m...
- Published
- 2021
6. Mid-late Holocene rainfall variation in Taiwan: A high-resolution multi-proxy record unravels the dual influence of the Asian monsoon and ENSO
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Bo Jiang, Tiegang Li, Jianjun Zou, Chuanshun Li, Jinxia Chen, Dongling Li, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Yanguang Liu, Xuefa Shi, and Qingyun Nan
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Total organic carbon ,010506 paleontology ,Paleontology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Oceanography ,Monsoon ,01 natural sciences ,La Niña ,Climatology ,East Asian Monsoon ,East Asia ,Precipitation ,Tropical cyclone ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Holocene ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Taiwan is particularly sensitive to changes in monsoonal precipitation and to typhoon-induced heavy precipitation events, however, rainfall variability in Taiwan on centennial and millennial time scales during the Holocene has not been well understood. This study describes mid-Holocene rainfall features of Taiwan based on pollen, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio records of core MD05-2908. The step-wise increase in sedimentation rate, fern spore percentage and concentration, TOC content, and C/N ratio suggests an increasing terrestrial material supply due to the intensified rainfall in Taiwan since 6800 cal. yr BP. This rainfall pattern shows an inverse pattern to the decreasing East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) strength represented by the multi-proxy records from North China. Variation of the East Asian summer circulation and associated moisture transport may account for the long-term rainfall changes in Taiwan. Superimposed on this trend, we interpreted three prominent rainfall changes, which focus on the periods of 6800–6600, 1090–880 and 490–190 cal. yr BP. These centennial time scale rainfall variations in our records are linked to the intensity of El-Nino Southern Oscillations.
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- 2019
7. Author response for 'Isotopic chemostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous Alisitos Formation (Punta China section), Baja California, Mexico'
- Author
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Hannes Löser, Jayagopal Madhavaraju, Robert W. Scott, Yong Il Lee, and Kandasamy Selvaraj
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Paleontology ,Section (archaeology) ,Chemostratigraphy ,Biostratigraphy ,China ,Cretaceous ,Geology - Published
- 2020
8. Geochemistry and U–Pb geochronology of detrital zircons in the Brujas beach sands, Campeche, Southwestern Gulf of Mexico, Mexico
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Kandasamy Selvaraj, John S. Armstrong-Altrin, and Hector J. Tapia-Fernandez
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geography ,Provenance ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Felsic ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Rare-earth element ,Geochemistry ,Geology ,Massif ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Source rock ,Chondrite ,Geochronology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Zircon - Abstract
This study investigated the bulk sediment geochemistry, U–Pb ages and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry of one hundred detrital zircons recovered from the Brujas beach sands in southwestern Gulf of Mexico to understand the provenance and age spectra. The bulk sediments are high in Zr and Hf contents (∼1400–3773 ppm and ∼33–90 ppm, respectively) suggested the abundance of resistant mineral zircon. The chondrite normalized REE patterns of the bulk sediments are less fractionated with enriched low REE (LREE; La CN /Sm CN = ∼491–693), depleted heavy REE (HREE; Gd CN /Yb CN = ∼44–69) and a negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu ∗ = ∼0.44–0.67) suggested that the source rock is felsic type. The results of this study revealed highly varied contents of Th (∼4.2–321 ppm), U (∼20.7–1680 ppm), and Hf (∼6970–14,200 ppm) in detrital zircons compared to bulk sands. The total REE content (∼75 and 1600 ppm) and its chondrite-normalized pattern with positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies as well as low Th/U ratio of zircon grains indicated that they were dominantly of magmatic origin. U–Pb data of zircons indicated two age populations, with predominance of Permian-Triassic (∼216–286 Ma) and Neoproterozoic (∼551–996 Ma). The Permian-Triassic zircons were contributed by the granitoids and recycled metasedimentary rocks of the Chiapas Massif Complex. The major contribution of Neoproterozoic zircons was from the Chaucus, Oaxacan, and Chiapas Massif Complexes in Grenville Province, southern Mexico. U–Pb ages of zircons from the Brujas beach are consistent to the reported zircon ages from the drainage basins of Usumacinta, Coatzacoalcos, and Grijalva Rivers in southern Mexico, suggesting that the sediments delivered by the rivers to the beach area are vital in defining the provenance of placers.
- Published
- 2017
9. India contemplates climate change concerns after floods ravaged the coastal city of Chennai
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Jeganathan Pandiyan, Govindasamy Agoramoorthy, Kandasamy Selvaraj, and Veeran Yoganandan
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Buckingham ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Flood myth ,Anomaly (natural sciences) ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Extreme weather ,Geography ,Climatology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
•Chennai (India) received the highest rainfall of 490 mm on 1 Dec 2015.•This study looked at NOAA/NESDIS global analysis of SST anomaly (°C).•Revival of 769 km long Buckingham Canal essential for flood mitigation.•Renovating canals, ponds, and lakes crucial for flood prevention.•India needs better strategies to adapt to future extreme weather situations.
- Published
- 2016
10. Perspectives on provenance and alteration of suspended and sedimentary organic matter in the subtropical Pearl River system, South China
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Lin, Baozhi, Liu, Zhifei, Eglinton, Timothy I., Kandasamy, Selvaraj, Blattmann, Thomas M., Haghipour, Negar, de Lange, Gert J., Geochemistry, and General geochemistry
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Geochemistry and Petrology ,Carbon isotope ,Organic matter degradation ,Pearl River ,Organic matter ,Sediment ,South China ,Radiocarbon - Abstract
Large river systems accumulate, process, and transport huge quantities of organic matter (OM) from their catchments, part of which is exported to the ocean. Although this suite of processes comprises an important component of the global carbon cycle, integrated studies examining the nature and extent of OM processing on a basin-wide scale remain rare. Here, we provide an overview of provenance and composition of OM in suspended and deposited sediments within the Pearl River watershed in South China. We present new data on the organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopic compositions of OC (δ13C and Fm), as well as grain size distribution and mineral-specific surface area of Pearl River sediments. These results are combined with published data on suspended particulate matter (SPM) and soil profiles in the Pearl River watershed in order to determine the provenance and transformation of OM in this large subtropical fluvial system. We find that the low 14C contents, expressed as fraction modern (Fm) values, in suspended (Fm: 0.58–0.87) and sedimentary OM (Fm: 0.38–0.82) are attributed to contributions from 14C-depleted soils, bedrock, as well as riverine primary productivity (Rpp) that utilizes 14C-depleted sources of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). For SPM, soil OM (Fm: 0.87 ± 0.13) is inferred to be the dominant fraction during the wet season, whereas the contributions of Rpp (Fm: 0.86 ± 0.04) and petrogenic OC (devoid of 14C) are enhanced during the dry season. This manifests itself in differences in OCsoil, OCRpp, and OCpetro contributions in SPM between wet and dry seasons (1.05 ± 0.18 vs. 1.20 ± 0.50%, 0.16 ± 0.03 vs. 0.32 ± 0.15% and 0.21 ± 0.07 vs. 0.38 ± 0.19%). During erosion and transport, the most labile OM in the top soil is rapidly degraded, as indicated by a stronger contribution from soil CO2 into riverine DIC during the wet season and flood event (39 ± 1% and 45 ± 3%) compared to the dry season (31 ± 2%). River sediments are primarily accumulated during the wet season when suspended sediment fluxes are high. Refractory deep soil OM (Fm: 0.74 ± 0.07) dominate in these sediments, whereas moderately labile soil OM components are further degraded during settling and storage. This sedimentary OM is predominantly composed of aged soil (92 ± 4%), with a minor contribution from bedrock (7 ± 4%) and negligible input from Rpp (0.2 ± 0%). The longitudinal changes in the composition of suspended and sedimentary OM are mainly controlled by input of Rpp and ongoing degradation processes in the river system. The riverine particulate OC flux to the Pearl River estuary and ocean thus contains a mixture of soil, petrogenic and Rpp OM, all exhibiting relatively low Fm values. The riverine OM transformation and dynamics are important for the short-term carbon cycle, whereas the remaining signature and fate of the extensively processed, refractory OM has implications for the long-term carbon cycle.
- Published
- 2019
11. Preservation of terrestrial organic carbon in marine sediments offshore Taiwan: mountain building and atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration
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Shih-Chieh Hsu, Xiaomei Xu, Niels Hovius, James T. Liu, Minhan Dai, Albert Galy, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Tsung Yu Lee, Robert G. Hilton, Shuh-Ji Kao, Franz Zehetner, J.C. Huang, Jin-Yu Terence Yang, and R. Sparkes
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Total organic carbon ,geography ,Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,lcsh:Dynamic and structural geology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Biosphere ,Submarine canyon ,15. Life on land ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Deep sea ,Sink (geography) ,Carbon cycle ,law.invention ,Geophysics ,Oceanography ,lcsh:QE500-639.5 ,13. Climate action ,law ,14. Life underwater ,Radiocarbon dating ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Geological sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) can be achieved by the erosion of organic carbon (OC) from the terrestrial biosphere and its burial in long-lived marine sediments. Rivers on mountain islands of Oceania in the western Pacific have very high rates of OC export to the ocean, yet its preservation offshore remains poorly constrained. Here we use the OC content (Corg, %), radiocarbon (Δ 14Corg) and stable isotope (δ13Corg) composition of sediments offshore Taiwan to assess the fate of terrestrial OC, using surface, sub-surface and Holocene sediments. We account for rock-derived OC to assess the preservation of OC eroded from the terrestrial biosphere and the associated CO2 sink during flood discharges (hyperpycnal river plumes) and when river inputs are dispersed more widely (hypopycnal). The Corg, Δ14Corg and δ 13Corg of marine sediment traps and cores indicate that during flood discharges, terrestrial OC can be transferred efficiently down submarine canyons to the deep ocean and accumulates offshore with little evidence for terrestrial OC loss. In marine sediments fed by dispersive river inputs, the Corg, Δ14Corg and δ 13Corg are consistent with mixing of terrestrial OC with marine OC and suggest that efficient preservation of terrestrial OC (>70%) is also associated with hypopycnal delivery. Sub-surface and Holocene sediments indicate that this preservation is long-lived on millennial timescales. Re-burial of rock-derived OC is pervasive. Our findings from Taiwan suggest that erosion and offshore burial of OC from the terrestrial biosphere may sequester >8 TgC yr−1 across Oceania, a significant geological CO2 sink which requires better constraint. We postulate that mountain islands of Oceania provide a strong link between tectonic uplift and the carbon cycle, one moderated by the climatic variability which controls terrestrial OC delivery to the ocean.
- Published
- 2018
12. Evidence of sea ice-driven terrigenous detritus accumulation and deep ventilation changes in the southern Okhotsk Sea during the last 180ka
- Author
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Shuh-Ji Kao, Aimei Zhu, Min-Te Chen, Kunshan Wang, Patrick Scholz, Yonghua Wu, Jianjun Zou, Yazhi Bai, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Xuefa Shi, and Shulan Ge
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Marine isotope stage ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Terrigenous sediment ,Geology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Arctic ice pack ,Bottom water ,Foraminifera ,Oceanography ,13. Climate action ,Interglacial ,Sea ice ,East Asian Monsoon ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Sediment core OS03-1 retrieved from the Akademia Nauk Rise in Southern Okhotsk Sea was analyzed for the contents of rare earth elements (REEs) and combined with carbon isotope (δ13C) time series of benthic foraminifera to infer changes in terrigenous accumulation and bottom water ventilation on glacial–interglacial timescales in the study area. The age model of OS03-1 was constructed by a combination of foraminifer δ18O stratigraphy and 14C AMS dating, revealing that the 380 cm long core provides a window on climate change in the southern Okhotsk Sea since ∼180 ka. A grain size-controlled-REE content shows strong glacial–interglacial changes. The Cerium and Europium anomalies vary from 0.89 to 1.32 and from 1.14 to 1.37, respectively. The (La/Yb)N values range between 0.55 to 0.92. Both results suggest a significant contribution of volcanic debris in the core sediments. In addition, the relationships between Sm vs. Nd suggest main contribution origin from the Amur River and sea ice during warm intervals and from the sea ice during cold intervals, indicating that the sea ice played an important role in transporting terrigenous materials to the study site in the southern Okhotsk Sea. During the last 180 ka, the mass accumulation rates (MAR) of ∑REEs are relatively higher during glacials and lower during interglacials with a peak accumulation during the early deglacial period. We infer that an intensified Mongolia High is responsible for the first-order accumulation pattern of ∑REEs in the southern Okhotsk Sea by mediating the dynamic changes in sea ice extent. Furthermore, six δ13C minima are associated with intensified Asian monsoon (AM) precipitation and maximum MARs of ∑REEs, indicating that the dominance of barrier layer effects by high fresh water input through sea ice melting. The maximum MAR of ∑REEs during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5c coincides with the minimum of benthic foraminiferal δ13C, indicating a major interruption of ventilation in the bottom water in the Okhotsk Sea. The major low ventilation event in the deep water of the Okhotsk Sea appears to be dampened by a cooling condition and a major blooming of surface productivity preceded the event.
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- 2015
13. Late Holocene environment of subalpine northeastern Taiwan from pollen and diatom analysis of lake sediments
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Yuan-Pin Chang, Shuh-Ji Kao, Meng-Long Hsieh, Hermann Behling, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Hong-Chun Li, and Liang-Chi Wang
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010506 paleontology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,North Pacific High ,Geology ,15. Life on land ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Western Hemisphere Warm Pool ,Paleolimnology ,Sea surface temperature ,Oceanography ,13. Climate action ,Typhoon ,Pollen ,medicine ,Precipitation ,Holocene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
We used multi-decadal pollen and diatom records from sediment core TFL-1 from Tsuifong Lake to reconstruct the vegetation dynamics and hydroclimate in northeastern Taiwan during the past 3500 cal BP. Coarse grained sediments in association with higher percentages of wetland pollen (Cyperaceae) and upper conifer pollen (Tsuga and Pinus) in the lower part of the core indicate low lake levels and a relatively cold/dry climate between 3500 and 2030 cal BP, reflecting a decline of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Muddy sediments coupled with reduction of wetland pollen represent the rise of lake levels, implying the re-strengthening of the EASM during the past 2000 years. Paleotemperature was inferred from the variation of pollen origin from the upper and lower mountain forest, indicating the global temperature anomalies of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). In comparison to the main climate forces in the North Pacific, we suggest that the long-term climatic trend in Taiwan was controlled by variations in EASM intensity, while increased precipitation over the past 2000 years may also be linked to warmer sea surface temperature (SST) of the western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) and increased El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, which increased typhoon intensity. Higher diatom-inferred pH during 2930–2030 cal BP and the LIA suggest strong hydrological disturbances, reflecting more typhoons passing over Taiwan. The frequent typhoon events could be linked by an abrupt shift of typhoon track, due to the reduction of the WPWP and expansion of the Northwestern Pacific High, which move typhoons in a more westerly direction.
- Published
- 2015
14. Lacustrine sedimentological and geochemical records for the last 170 years of climate and environmental changes in southeastern China
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Kandasamy Selvaraj, Xiang Tong Huang, Baozhi Lin, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Wei Lan Xia, and Jiann-Yuh Lou
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Hydrology ,Archeology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Drainage basin ,Geology ,Weathering ,Silt ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Diagenesis ,Dominance (ecology) ,Soil horizon ,Physical geography ,Surface runoff ,Water content ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Reconstruction of modern climate and environmental changes in east Asia using inland natural climate archives can provide valuable insights on decadal–multidecadal climate and environmental patterns that are probably related to both natural and anthropogenic forcing. Here we investigated an 89-cm-long sediment core (TH1) from Tian Lake, southeastern China, for sedimentological, physical and geochemical parameters in order to understand climate and environmental changes for the latest two centuries. 137Cs- and 210Pb-based age models show that the fine sand–coarse silt-dominated core contains ~170 years (c. AD 1842–2011) of continuous sedimentation. Sediments with fine sands, low MS values, high water content, high TOC content and a high C:N ratio from c. AD 1842 to 1897 suggest intense hydrological conditions and strong runoff in the catchment, probably because of a humid climate. From AD 1897 to 1990, sediments with very fine sand and coarse silt, high MS values, low water content and unchanged TOC and C:N ratios indicate normal hydrological conditions and in-lake algae-derived organic matter. During this interval, the chemical weathering indicators show stronger weathering conditions compared with sediments deposited during AD 1842–1897, supporting the dominance of weathered surface soil input in the earlier interval and physical erosion dominance in the later period, respectively. Since AD 1990, the continuous decrease of geochemical proxies suggests human-interacted Earth surface processes in the catchment of Tian Lake. A PCA revealed four dominant geochemical controlling factors – detrital input, trophic status, grain size and early diagenesis –, accounting for 26, 20, 18 and 16% of total variance, respectively. This study for the first time provides lacustrine geochemical evidence for the most recent two centuries of climate and environmental changes in coastal southeastern China, a region that is currently undergoing an inversion of critical zone, i.e. an overturning of its soil profile, owing to swift modernization.
- Published
- 2015
15. Stable isotopic and biomarker evidence of terrigenous organic matter export to the deep sea during tropical storms
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Tsung Yu Lee, Shuh-Ji Kao, Kandasamy Selvaraj, James T. Liu, Minhan Dai, J.C. Huang, E.A. Canuel, and Jin-Yu Terence Yang
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Total organic carbon ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Biogeochemical cycle ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Terrigenous sediment ,Sediment ,Submarine canyon ,Geology ,Oceanography ,Deep sea ,Continental margin ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Organic matter - Abstract
The global export of organic carbon (OC) is intimately linked to the total flux of terrestrial sediment to the ocean, with the continental margins receiving ~ 90% of the sediment generated by erosion on land. Recent studies suggest that a substantial amount of particulate OC (POC) might escape from the shelf and be exported to the continental slope-deep sea sector, although the mechanisms and magnitude of such deep sea POC transfer remain unknown. Here we investigate hyperpycnal flow-associated total suspended matter (TSM) collected from water depths of ~ 3000 m, near the bottom of sea floor, in the Gaoping Submarine Canyon (GSC) off southwestern Taiwan. Elemental (C, N), isotopic (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) and biomarker compositions of TSM were investigated to understand its biogeochemical characteristics. A two end-member δ 13 C mixing model indicates that deep sea TSM contains ~ 90% terrigenous OC, while a similar mixing model using δ 15 N reveals a lower proportion (~ 58%). Organic biomarkers of TSM suggest contributions from a mixture of resuspended, continental-margin derived marine organic matter (OM MAR ) and terrigenous sources, revealing that terrestrial OC likely mixes with nitrogen-rich marine material during rapid transport. This study documents that rapid transfer of terrigenous organic matter (OM TERR ) into the deeper regions of GSC occurred within a week of typhoon Morakot, likely through hyperpycnal injection of sediment-laden, warm freshwater from southern Taiwan. Evidence from this typhoon Morakot-induced hyperpycnal plume event in Taiwan demonstrates that extreme storm events provide an efficient way to export terrigenous OC without oxidation to hitherto unknown water depths of deep sea in the Oceania region.
- Published
- 2015
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16. Spatiotemporal variations of nitrogen isotopic records in the Arabian Sea
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X. H. Sean Wan, C.-T. Arthur Chen, Min Nina Xu, Li-Wei Zheng, Shuh-Ji Kao, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Kandasamy Selvaraj, and Binju Wang
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Denitrification ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,lcsh:Life ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Monsoon ,Nitrogen ,lcsh:Geology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,Oceanography ,chemistry ,Nitrate ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,Deglaciation ,Environmental science ,Photic zone ,Sedimentary rock ,lcsh:Ecology ,Nitrogen cycle ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Available reports of dissolved oxygen, δ15N of nitrate (δ 15NNO3) and δ15N of total nitrogen (δ15Nbulk) for trap material and surface/downcore sediments from the Arabian Sea (AS) were synthesized to explore the AS' past nitrogen dynamics. Based on 25 μmol kg−1 dissolved oxygen isopleth at a depth of 150 m, we classified all reported data into northern and southern groups. By using δ15Nbulk of the sediments, we obtained geographically distinctive bottom-depth effects for the northern and southern AS at different climate stages. After eliminating the bias caused by bottom depth, the modern-day sedimentary δ15Nbulk values largely reflect the δ15NNO3 supply from the bottom of the euphotic zone. Additionally to the data set, nitrogen and carbon contents vs. their isotopic compositions of a sediment core (SK177/11) collected from the most southeastern part of the AS were measured for comparison. We found a one-step increase in δ15Nbulk starting at the deglaciation with a corresponding decrease in δ13CTOC similar to reports elsewhere revealing a global coherence. By synthesizing and reanalyzing all reported down core δ15Nbulk, we derived bottom-depth correction factors at different climate stages, respectively, for the northern and southern AS. The diffusive sedimentary δ15Nbulk values in compiled cores became confined after bias correction revealing a more consistent pattern except recent 6 ka. Such high similarity to the global temporal pattern indicates that the nitrogen cycle in the entire AS had responded to open-ocean changes until 6 ka BP. Since 6 ka BP, further enhanced denitrification (i.e., increase in δ15Nbulk) in the northern AS had occurred and was likely driven by monsoon, while, in the southern AS, we observed a synchronous reduction in δ15Nbulk, implying that nitrogen fixation was promoted correspondingly as the intensification of local denitrification at the northern AS basin.
- Published
- 2015
17. A review of Holocene solar-linked climatic variation on centennial to millennial timescales: Physical processes, interpretative frameworks and a new multiple cross-wavelet transform algorithm
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Kandasamy Selvaraj, Shuh-Ji Kao, Valery V. Pipin, Willie Soon, Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, Robert M Carter, Silvia Becagli, Mirko Severi, Jiann-Yuh Lou, Rita Traversi, Ilya Usoskin, and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
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Wavelet ,Ice core ,Climatology ,Paleoclimatology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,East Asian Monsoon ,Thermohaline circulation ,Western Hemisphere Warm Pool ,Algorithm ,Geology ,Holocene ,Proxy (climate) - Abstract
article i nfo Wereportontheexistenceandnature of Holocene solar andclimaticvariationson centennialto millennial time- scales. We introduce a new solar activity proxy, based on nitrate (NO3 − ) concentration from the Talos Dome ice core, East Antarctica. We also use a new algorithm for computing multiple-cross wavelet spectra in time-fre- quency space that is generalized for multiple time series (beyond two). Our results provide a new interpretive framework for relating Holocene solaractivity variations on centennial to millennial timescales to co-varying cli- mate proxies drawn from a widespread area around the globe. Climatic proxies used represent variation in the North Atlantic Ocean, Western Pacific Warm Pool, Southern Ocean and the East Asian monsoon regions. Our wavelet analysis identifies fundamental solar modes at 2300-yr (Hallstattzeit), 1000-yr (Eddy), and 500-yr (unnamed) periodicities, leaves open the possibility that the 1500-1800-yr cycle may either be fundamental or derived, and identifies intermediary derived cycles at 700-yr and 300-yr that may mark rectified responses of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation to external solar modulation and pacing. Dating uncertainties suggest that the 1500-yr and 1800-yr cycles described in the literature may represent either the same or two separate cycles, but in either case, and irrespective too of whether it is a fundamental or derived mode in the sense of Dima and Lohmann (2009), the 1500-1800-yr periodicity is widely represented in a large number of paleoclimate proxy records. It is obviously premature to reject possible links between changing solar activity at these multiple scales and the variations that are commonly observed in paleoclimatic records.
- Published
- 2014
18. Studies on the functional properties of protein concentrate of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty – An edible seaweed
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K. Suresh Kumar, Kandasamy Selvaraj, P.S.V. Subba Rao, and K. Ganesan
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Absorption of water ,biology ,Protein Stability ,Sodium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,Food chemistry ,Seaweed ,biology.organism_classification ,Nitrogen ,Analytical Chemistry ,Edible seaweed ,Kappaphycus alvarezii ,Solubility ,chemistry ,Food products ,Rhodophyta ,Vegetables ,Botany ,Food science ,Plants, Edible ,Plant Proteins ,Food Science - Abstract
Protein concentrate (PC) of Kappaphycus alvarezii (cultivated on the West coast of India), was extracted and its functional properties were evaluated. The K. alvarezii PC contained 62.3 ± 1.62% proteins. At pH 12, the nitrogen solubility of this PC was 58.72 ± 1.68% in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. The emulsifying and foaming properties of this PC varied with time and pH. However, it formed remarkably stable emulsions with Jatropha oil after 720 min (i.e. E 720 = 53.67 ± 1.59). On the other hand, maximum foaming ability (53.33 ± 2.31%) of the PC was recorded at pH 4.0. This PC had high oil (1.29 ± 0.20 ml oil/g PC) and water absorption capacity (2.22 0.04 ml H 2 O/g PC). DSC analysis revealed thermal transitions at about 109.25 °C at neutral pH. The results obtained in this investigation suggest the suitability of K. alvarezii PC as an inexpensive source of protein; thus this PC could be incorporated into several value-added food products.
- Published
- 2014
19. Chemical weathering over the last 1200 years recorded in the sediments of Gonghai Lake, Lvliang Mountains, North China: a high-resolution proxy of past climate
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Jianbao Liu, Zongli Wang, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Jianhui Chen, Fahu Chen, and Qinghai Xu
- Subjects
Archeology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Soil production function ,Global warming ,Sediment ,Speleothem ,Geology ,Weathering ,Isotopes of oxygen ,Oceanography ,Physical geography ,Precipitation ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Temperature record - Abstract
Increasing interest in global climate change has led to attempts to understand and quantify the relationship between chemical weathering processes and environmental conditions, especially climate. This interest necessitates the identification of new climate proxies for the reconstruction of two important Earth surface processes: physical erosion and chemical weathering. In this study, an AMS C-14-dated 2.8-m-long sediment core, GH09B1, from Lake Gonghai in north-central China was subjected to detailed geochemical analyses to evaluate the intensity of chemical weathering conditions in the catchment. Multivariate statistical analysis of major and trace elemental data of 139 subsamples revealed that the first principal component axis PCA1 explained approximate to 53% of the variance in the assemblage of elements/oxides with significant positive correlations between PCA1 scores and the separation of mobile and soluble elements/oxides from the immobile and resistant elements/oxides, which is thus able to indicate the chemical weathering in the catchment. These results are supported by the down-core trends of other major and trace elemental ratios of chemical weathering intensity as well as by pollen data from the same core. Variations in PCA1, chemical index of alteration (CIA), Rb/Sr ratio and other oxides ratios indicate stronger chemical weathering due to a wet climate during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). However, the MWP was interrupted by an interval of relatively weaker chemical weathering conditions from AD 940-1070. Weak chemical weathering under a dry climate occurred during the Little Ice Age (LIA), and increased chemical weathering intensity during the Current Warm Period (CWP). Our proxy records of chemical weathering over the last millennium correlate well with the available proxy records of precipitation from Gonghai Lake as well as with the speleothem oxygen isotope record from Wanxiang Cave, but do not show a significant correlation with the temperature record in N China, suggesting that the chemical weathering intensity in the study area was mainly controlled by the amount of rainfall rather than by temperature. We conclude that high resolution lacustrine sediment geochemical parameters can be used as reliable proxies for climate variations at centennial-decadal time scales.
- Published
- 2014
20. Comparison of subtropical surface water chemistry between the large Pearl River in China and small mountainous rivers in Taiwan
- Author
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Xixi Lu, Hon-Kit Lui, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Shurong Zhang, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, and Jiann-Yuh Lou
- Subjects
Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Terrigenous sediment ,Drainage basin ,Sediment ,Geology ,engineering.material ,Altitude ,engineering ,Acid rain ,Water quality ,Pearl ,Surface water ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Small mountainous rivers in Oceania typically have higher sediment yields than larger rivers because of their steep gradients and frequent tropical storm-induced high rainfall. The high sediment yields of these small mountainous rivers enable them to transport a large amount of terrigenous material to the oceans. However, data are unfortunately sparse on this topic. In this study, we investigated the water quality and sediment geochemistry of 35 small rivers in Taiwan and compared these data with that of the large Pearl River. Although Taiwan and the Pearl River Basin are both traversed by the Tropic of Cancer, and thus have similar weather patterns, their water chemistry is quite different. The most notable difference is that despite higher rainfall in Taiwan, and hence, a larger dilution effect, the total dissolved solid concentration (TDS), Mg+2, Na++K+, Cl−, and SO 4 - 2 are generally higher in the Taiwanese rivers compared to the Pearl River. On the other hand, the sediment load in Taiwanese rivers is higher compared with the Pearl River, as expected. These observations reflect the higher rate of chemical weathering and denudation in Taiwan due to its steeper terrain and the larger impact of typhoons, hence episodic heavy rains in that region. The pattern of distribution vs. altitude is also different, with higher TDS, Ca+2, Mg+2, SO 4 - 2 , HCO 3 - and pH values at higher altitudes in the Pearl River Basin, whereas these values are lower at higher elevations in Taiwan. We see this difference because the upper reaches of the Pearl River are primarily covered with limestone, whereas the high mountains of Taiwan are mainly composed of slate and schist that are more resistant to chemical weathering and less affected by acid rain compared with limestone. Pollution-related parameters such as non-sea-salt SO 4 - 2 ( nss- SO 4 - 2 ) , nss-SO4/(Na++K+) and Cl−/(Na++K+) also suggest that rivers in Taiwan are much more polluted than the Pearl River Basin, perhaps due to the widespread burning of coal and plastic-laden refuse in Taiwan.
- Published
- 2014
21. Reconstruction of environmental changes using a multi-proxy approach in the Ulleung Basin (Sea of Japan) over the last 48 ka
- Author
-
Jihua Liu, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Xuefa Shi, Jianjun Zou, Yanguang Liu, and Shuh-Ji Kao
- Subjects
Total organic carbon ,Bottom water ,Water mass ,Oceanography ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Paleontology ,Sediment ,Younger Dryas ,Glacial period ,Holocene ,Sea level ,Geology - Abstract
Based on elemental geochemical data, we reconstructed the sediment provenance, surface productivity and bottom water redox conditions for the last 48 ka in the Ulleung Basin (Sea of Japan) and inferred the factors controlling them. Al2O3/TiO2 ratio and chemical index of alteration (CIA) suggest that sediment provenance changed during the glacial period (48-18 ka) compared to the deglacial (ca. 18-11 ka) and Holocene. Mass accumulation rates of total organic carbon (TOC), CaCO3, phosphorus, cadmium and excess barium reveal low paleoproductivity during low sea stand. During 18-11 ka, productivity increased due to increasing inflow of nutrient-rich water masses - the Oyashio and the East China Sea coastal water - in tandem with the rising sea level. Maximum productivity occurred during Younger Dryas and Pre-boreal periods when sea level was at �� 60 m and then gradually decreased as the Tsushima Warm Current inflow kicked off at ca. 9.3 ka, consistent with other paleoredox proxies, which reveal the presence of anoxic bottom water during ca. 12-9 ka. With the changes in paleoredox proxies and their ratios (TOC, Mo, U, Mn, C/S ratio and Uauthigenic and Mo contents), we hypothesized that the redox changes were mainly ventilation driven and were superimposed on the influence of circulation-induced productivity changes. The global climate and sea-level changes on a millennial timescale play a major role in enhancing paleoproductivity and restrict bottom water advection, subsequently driving the oxygenation of bottom water in the Ulleung Basin. Copyright # 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2012
22. Glacially derived material in an Inner Mongolian desert lake during Marine Isotope Stage 2
- Author
-
Ching‐Ling Liu, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Kenneth J. Hsu, Jiann-Yuh Lou, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, and C. Prakash Babu
- Subjects
Marine isotope stage ,Provenance ,Ice-sheet dynamics ,Geochemistry ,Paleontology ,Sediment ,Last Glacial Maximum ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Clastic rock ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Glacial period ,Meltwater ,Geomorphology ,Geology - Abstract
Establishing the precise timing of continental glacial dynamics and abrupt high-latitude climate events is crucial to understanding the causes of global climate change. Here we present multi-proxy records in a lake sediment core from arid Inner Mongolia (Wuliangsuhai Lake) that show two distinct glacially derived sedimentation events at � 26.2-21.8 and � 17.3-11.5k cal a BP. Fine sediments from the Last Glacial Maximum separate these glacially derived coarse sediments. Within these intervals, the occurrence of granite clasts at � 24-23.5, 17.3-17 and 15.6- 14.1k cal a BP implies either sediment discharge by meltwater as well as strong current flow in the Yellow River and/or sediment influx through hill-slope mass wasting and landsliding from the nearby Yin Mountains. Surface microfeatures of quartz grains and spot elemental analysis of black specks in these intervals, however, indicate that physical weathering is dominant and that the provenance of the rocks is probably from a glacial source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time glacier-derived materials have been detected in any desert lake in the Yellow River basin. The occurrence of granite clasts roughly correlates with Heinrich events in the North Atlantic, suggesting synchronous ice sheet dynamics in high- and mid-latitude regions during the Last Glacial period. Although our data provide unprecedented evidence for the influence of glacier-related processes in arid Inner Mongolia, further well- dated records are clearly needed to re-evaluate the correlative inference drawn between granite clast layers in Wuliangsuhai Lake and Heinrich events in the North Atlantic. Copyright # 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2012
23. Late Holocene monsoon climate of northeastern Taiwan inferred from elemental (C, N) and isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) data in lake sediments
- Author
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Shuh-Ji Kao, Kon-Kee Liu, Kandasamy Selvaraj, and Kuo-Yen Wei
- Subjects
Total organic carbon ,Archeology ,Global and Planetary Change ,δ13C ,Tropics ,Geology ,δ15N ,Vegetation ,Monsoon ,Oceanography ,East Asian Monsoon ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Holocene - Abstract
National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 97-2629-M-001-025, NSC 99-2116-M-001-011]; National Science Foundation of China [41176059, 41121091]
- Published
- 2012
24. Holocene weak summer East Asian monsoon intervals in Taiwan and plausible mechanisms
- Author
-
Bahadur Singh Kotlia, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, and Jiann-Yuh Lou
- Subjects
Sea surface temperature ,Oceanography ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,East Asian Monsoon ,Sediment ,Precipitation ,Solar irradiance ,Monsoon ,Water content ,Holocene ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Multi-proxy records in two sediment cores (R and Rd) from the subalpine Retreat Lake in NE Taiwan document 5 centennial-scale periods (∼7.3–6.9, 6.35–5.9, 5.8–5.1, 4.5–∼2.1, and 2.0–1.6 ka BP) of relatively reduced summer East Asian monsoon (EAM) precipitation that were superimposed on the long-term decreasing monsoon trend from ∼8 ka BP onwards. The first three intervals of weak summer EAM indicated by low TOC, C/N ratio and water content within the Holocene optimum (∼8.6–4.5 ka BP) correlate with solar activity, revealing that the centennial-scale summer monsoon variations in a warm climate were related to weak solar irradiance. The desiccation of the lake (4.5–∼2.1 ka BP), followed by a weak monsoon event at ∼2.0–1.6 ka BP, may coincide with decreased sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific. High water content and low dry bulk density in core Rd at ∼7.6, 7.46, 6.8–6.54, 6.1, 5.8, 5.6, and 5.0 ka BP imply a significant increase of summer EAM during these periods, and thus suggest an unstable optimum climate in Taiwan. A possible linkage of weak summer EAM with the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic cooling during these intervals may be driven by coupled ocean–atmosphere interactions, especially reduced heat and moisture transport and enhanced El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the tropical Pacific, as well as solar activity. The centennial-scale reorganizations in the tropical Pacific climate dynamics may have played an important role in the summer EAM instability, particularly during the late Holocene.
- Published
- 2011
25. Anthropogenic effects on sediment quality offshore southwestern Taiwan: Assessing the sediment core geochemical record
- Author
-
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Jiann-Yuh Lou, Gopal Parthiban, and Kandasamy Selvaraj
- Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle ,Geochemistry ,Slag ,Biogeochemistry ,Mineralogy ,Sediment ,Geology ,Weathering ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Diagenesis ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Water pollution ,Enrichment factor - Abstract
Slag material was dumped in two sites off southwestern Taiwan by the China Steel Corporation during 1984-1995. By geochemically analyzing four sediment cores, we investigate the impact of slag on the sediment chemistry. Elemental profiles from the dumping sites show a strong depletion in detrital elements and enrichment in alkaline and redox-sensitive elements, especially for the top ~20 cm of sediments. The relative enrichment factor (EFrel) exhibits wider range for Ca (0.73-13.33), Fe (0.883.03), Mg (0.94-9.58), and Mn (1.22-33.30) due to contamination of sediments by slag. Sediment weathering indicators also show a distinct change with lower values in sediments influenced by dumping due to Ca and Sr addition. Higher EFrel for As, Cd and Pb in the top sections of the cores indicate an additional modern/industrial input of these elements since ~1950. Our study suggests that slag dumping may have a localized effect on biogeochemical processes by inducing the diagenetic remobilization of certain elements.
- Published
- 2010
26. Detrital fine-grained sediment contribution from Taiwan to the northern South China Sea and its relation to regional ocean circulation
- Author
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Yulong Zhao, Zhifei Liu, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Fernando P. Siringan, James T. Liu, Shouting Tuo, Sébastien Boulay, Christophe Colin, Zhong Chen, and Chi Yue Huang
- Subjects
Provenance ,Sediment ,Geology ,engineering.material ,Structural basin ,Oceanography ,Seafloor spreading ,Illite crystallinity ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Illite ,engineering ,Kaolinite ,Pearl - Abstract
article i nfo Results of clay mineralogy in 140 samples collected in major rivers and lakes in southwestern Taiwan and on the seafloor off Taiwan in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS), combined with clay mineral records of the Pearl River drainage basin, rivers in Luzon, and the South China shelf and slope, are used to semi- quantitatively evaluate the detrital fine-grained sediment contribution of Taiwan to the northern SCS. The clay mineral assemblage of the Taiwan-sourced sediments consists dominantly of illite (average 56%) and chlorite (41%), with very scarce kaolinite and smectite. Their respective distribution from the rivers and lakes to the seafloor off Taiwan does not show obvious basin-wide differences. Linear correlations of illite chemistry index with illite crystallinity and of illite crystallinity with kaolinite (%) present two end-members of provenances, the Pearl River and Taiwan, for the South China shelf and slope. Assuming that kaolinite in the northern SCS is provided completely from the Pearl River, the contribution of Taiwan in clay minerals is evaluated as 29% to the South China shelf and 23% to the South China slope, respectively. Accordingly, the contribution of the Pearl River to the South China shelf and slope is 52% and 31%, respectively. The Luzon Arc accounts for the rest of clay mineral components for the northern SCS mainly by providing smectite. The Bashi Strait-crossed branches of the southward deep North Pacific Deep Water and the northward surface Kuroshio Current in the western Pacific may transport Taiwan-sourced suspended sediments westwards to the northern SCS.
- Published
- 2008
27. Possible detrital, diagenetic and hydrothermal sources for Holocene sediments of the Andaman backarc basin
- Author
-
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Siby Kurian, Venkitasubramani Ramaswamy, D. Naman, K. A. Kamesh Raju, T. Gnaneshwar Rao, and B. Nagender Nath
- Subjects
Rare-earth element ,Trace element ,Mineralogy ,Sediment ,Geology ,Oceanography ,Hydrothermal circulation ,Diagenesis ,Volcanic glass ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Carbonate ,Clay minerals - Abstract
Three sediment cores near the spreading axis in the Andaman backarc basin (ABB) were studied for bulk and clay mineralogy, major, trace and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry in bulk and three selective leaches, to identify sediment sources to this region and to decipher probable hydrothermal contribution. REE and other geochemical data suggest a strong influence of the Irrawaddy River as a major continental source to the ABB sediments. Low carbonate content in the sediments is due to dilution by higher detrital input as well as reduced foraminiferal carbonate contribution because of low sea surface salinity. The contribution from local volcanic sources was identified from the presence of volcanic glass in the sand-sized sediment fraction; higher smectite content in the clay fraction and the trace element data. Mn concentrations in the upper 12 cm are well above those found in pelagic carbonate-free sediments. Mn distribution pattern and oxide nature suggest a hydrothermal source. Other discriminants such as Eu anomaly and Y/Ho ratio also suggest the role of hydrothermal activity. In addition, the association of Mo with Pb, Zn and Cu in the HCl-insoluble residue suggests the presence of sulfidic material probably of hydrothermal origin.
- Published
- 2008
28. 10Be variation in surficial sediments of the Central Indian Basin
- Author
-
Kandasamy Selvaraj, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, G. Possnert, M.B.L. Mascarenhas-Pereira, Ala Aldahan, and B. Nagender Nath
- Subjects
Abyssal zone ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Siliceous ooze ,Oceanography ,Water column ,Continental margin ,Sediment ,Flux ,Pelagic zone ,Structural basin ,Instrumentation ,Geology - Abstract
Distribution of 10Be in systematically collected (degree × degree interval at 10 to 16 °S; 73.5 to 76.5 °E) surficial siliceous ooze, siliceous clay and pelagic clay sediments (top 2 cm) from the abyssal Central Indian Basin and the Andaman Sea is used to evaluate sources and to decipher the transport pathways of sediment particles, demarcate sediment depocenters and erosional areas. While 10Be concentrations display a wide variation (0.12–5.56 × 109 atoms g−1) with an average of 3.58 × 109 atoms g−1 in the Central Indian Basin, the values in the Andaman Sea are uniform with an average of 1.49 × 109 atoms g−1. The 10Be/9Be values in the Central Indian Basin sediments range between 0.06 and 2.99 × 10−8 atoms atoms−1 and average to ∼1.56 × 10−8 atoms atoms−1. Correlation of 10Be data with some selected major (Al, Mn, Ti) and trace (Rb and Ba) elements suggest that large part of the isotope has been supplied through direct atmospheric fallout from the water column and minor part from lithogenic detrital flux. Significantly lower 10Be accumulation rates in the Central Indian Basin and an order of magnitude higher in the Andaman Sea sediments compared to the estimated global average production rates indicate removal of the isotopes at the continental margins. Bottom topography seems to exert control on local 10Be variation, where sediments deposited in valleys or topographic depressions contain higher 10Be concentrations in contrast to the probably erosion-dominated areas at the slopes and troughs.
- Published
- 2007
29. East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variability since the last deglaciation
- Author
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Jiawu Zhang, H. John B. Birks, Zongli L. Wang, Shengrui R. Zhang, Zhuo Zheng, Xianyong Cao, Haipeng P. Wang, Zhiguo G. Rao, Fahu Chen, Liya Y. Jin, Aifeng Zhou, Xiaozhong Huang, Richard J. Telford, Jianhui Chen, Xiaojian Zhang, Houyuan Lu, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Jianbao B. Liu, Chengbang B. An, Yuecong C. Li, Qinghai H. Xu, Guanghui Dong, and Jan Bloemendal
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Global warming ,Before Present ,Monsoon ,Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Naturgeografi: 455 [VDP] ,Article ,Climatology ,East asian summer monsoon ,Deglaciation ,Precipitation ,Younger Dryas ,Little ice age ,Geology ,Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Physical geography: 455 [VDP] - Abstract
The lack of a precisely-dated, unequivocal climate proxy from northern China, where precipitation variability is traditionally considered as an East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) indicator, impedes our understanding of the behaviour and dynamics of the EASM. Here we present a well-dated, pollen-based, ~20-yr-resolution quantitative precipitation reconstruction (derived using a transfer function) from an alpine lake in North China, which provides for the first time a direct record of EASM evolution since 14.7 ka (ka = thousands of years before present, where the “present” is defined as the year AD 1950). Our record reveals a gradually intensifying monsoon from 14.7–7.0 ka, a maximum monsoon (30% higher precipitation than present) from ~7.8–5.3 ka and a rapid decline since ~3.3 ka. These insolation-driven EASM trends were punctuated by two millennial-scale weakening events which occurred synchronously to the cold Younger Dryas and at ~9.5–8.5 ka and by two centennial-scale intervals of enhanced (weakened) monsoon during the Medieval Warm Period (Little Ice Age). Our precipitation reconstruction, consistent with temperature changes but quite different from the prevailing view of EASM evolution, points to strong internal feedback processes driving the EASM and may aid our understanding of future monsoon behaviour under ongoing anthropogenic climate change.
- Published
- 2015
30. Moderate Chemical Weathering of Subtropical Taiwan: Constraints from Solid‐Phase Geochemistry of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Author
-
Kandasamy Selvaraj and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Trace element ,Geochemistry ,Sediment ,Geology ,Weathering ,Subtropics ,engineering.material ,Silicate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Craton ,chemistry ,engineering ,Plagioclase ,Sedimentary rock - Abstract
The well‐known earthquake‐and‐storm‐triggered extremely high physical weathering rate in Taiwan is consistent with present geochemical studies of sediments from different subenvironments (offshore, coastal, river, and lake) and sedimentary rocks of different geological ages, indicating a moderate chemical weathering condition. Major and trace element concentrations normalized to the average upper crust of Yangtze Craton show that the sediments and the average composition of sedimentary rocks of Taiwan are depleted in Ca, Mg, Na, and Sr, enriched in Rb and Zr, and unchanged with respect to K, indicating their moderately altered nature. The mean chemical index of alteration (CIA; 71–75) and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA; 81–86) values of coastal and offshore sediments reveal the sediments' derivation from sedimentary rocks by moderate silicate chemical weathering processes. The mean CIA value (62) of sedimentary rocks of Taiwan is similar to that for Chinese sediment (61), further confirming...
- Published
- 2006
31. Evaluation of metal contamination in coastal sediments of the Bay of Bengal, India: geochemical and statistical approaches
- Author
-
Kandasamy Selvaraj, V. Ram Mohan, and Piotr Szefer
- Subjects
Pollution ,Geologic Sediments ,Geological Phenomena ,Chemical Phenomena ,media_common.quotation_subject ,India ,Mineralogy ,Context (language use) ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Metals, Heavy ,Water Pollutants ,Trace metal ,media_common ,Chemistry, Physical ,Chemistry ,Trace element ,Sediment ,Geology ,Trace Elements ,Elemental analysis ,Environmental chemistry ,Enrichment factor ,Bay ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Surface sediment samples collected from the inner shelf region of the Bay of Bengal, were analysed for the major elements and total and acetic acid available trace elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Zn) to evaluate geochemical processes influencing their distribution. Major elemental analysis showed that the sediments had high concentrations of Si and relatively low concentrations of Al and Fe. Both major elemental and trace metal concentrations indicated that the sediments represent weathered products of granite and charnockite. Normalization of metals to Al indicated relatively high enrichment factors for Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr. The higher proportions of nondetrital Pb (66%), Cd (41%) and Co (28%) reveal metal contamination due to anthropogenic inputs. Factor analysis (FA) identified six possible types of sedimentological and geochemical associations. The dominant factor accounting for 26.9% of the total variance identifies an anthropogenic input and accumulation of nondetrital Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb. Association of these metals with CaCO3 reveals that shell fragments in the surface sediments are likely act as a carrier phase for nondetrital metals. The results are discussed in the context of the sources and pathways of elements in the Bay of Bengal.
- Published
- 2004
32. Corrigendum to ‘A review of Holocene solar-linked climatic variation on centennial to millennial timescales: Physical processes, interpretative frameworks and a new multiple cross-wavelet transform algorithm’ Earth Sci. Rev. 134 [1–15]
- Author
-
Kandasamy Selvaraj, Mirko Severi, Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, Willie Soon, Shuh-Ji Kao, Valery V. Pipin, Silvia Becagli, Jiann-Yuh Lou, Rita Traversi, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Robert M Carter, and Ilya Usoskin
- Subjects
Centennial ,Climatology ,Cross wavelet transform ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Variation (astronomy) ,Geology ,Holocene ,Earth (classical element) - Published
- 2016
33. Cyclone-driven deep sea injection of freshwater and heat by hyperpycnal flow in the subtropics
- Author
-
Minhan Dai, James T. Liu, Jin-Yu Terence Yang, Cheng Chien Liu, Shuh-Ji Kao, James P. M. Syvitski, Weidong Zhai, Shih-Nan Chen, Kandasamy Selvaraj, and Pinghe Cai
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Continental shelf ,Subtropics ,Deep sea ,Geophysics ,Oceanography ,Typhoon ,Climatology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Cyclone ,Tropical cyclone ,Oceanic basin ,Geology ,Typhon - Abstract
China (973 Program) [2009CB421200]; Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities [B07034]; Academia Sinica Thematic Program AFOBi, Taiwan [NSC 98-2116-M-001-005]
- Published
- 2010
34. Holocene weak summer East Asian monsoon intervals in subtropical Taiwan and their global synchronicity
- Author
-
Kandasamy Selvaraj, C.-T. A. Chen, and J.-Y. Lou
- Subjects
Sea surface temperature ,Oceanography ,Climatology ,Tropical monsoon climate ,North Atlantic Deep Water ,East Asian Monsoon ,Subtropics ,Glacial period ,Monsoon ,Geology ,Holocene - Abstract
Sedimentary total organic carbon and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio records from the subalpine Retreat Lake in NE Taiwan reveal four centennial periods (~8–8.3, 5.1–5.7, 4.5–~2.1, and 2–1.6 kyr BP) of relatively reduced summer East Asian monsoon (EAM) precipitation that were superimposed on the insolation-dependent, long-term decreasing monsoon trend during the middle and late Holocene while early Holocene monsoon strength was controlled by glacial boundary conditions. Strikingly, all weak monsoon events correlate with the timings of low sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific, maxima of hematite stained-grains in the sediments of North Atlantic, reduced formation of North Atlantic Deep Water, and low concentrations of atmospheric methane over Greenland, suggesting a globally well-connected postglacial climate (from ca. 8.6 kyr BP onwards). Persistent linkage of weak summer EAM-tropical Pacific and North Atlantic cooling-reduced global wetland extent during these intervals is believed to be driven by coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions, especially reduced heat and moisture transport and enhanced El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the tropical Pacific, as well as solar activity. Overall similarity of summer EAM with diverse proxy records and their coincidence to abrupt changes witnessed in other paleorecords across the world imply that the centennial-scale reorganizations in the tropical Pacific climate dynamics may have been playing an important role, of course closely in phase with solar variations and North Atlantic climate, in the Holocene summer EAM and, by extension, low-latitude's monsoon instability.
- Published
- 2008
35. Holocene East Asian monsoon variability: Links to solar and tropical Pacific forcing
- Author
-
Kandasamy Selvaraj, Jiann-Yuh Lou, and Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
- Subjects
Sea surface temperature ,Geophysics ,Oceanography ,Climatology ,North Atlantic Deep Water ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,East Asian Monsoon ,Subtropics ,Monsoon ,Far East ,Quaternary ,Geology ,Holocene - Abstract
[1] Sedimentary geochemical records from subalpine Retreat Lake, subtropical Taiwan, document the unstable East Asian monsoon (EAM) climate over the past ∼10,300 years, with a weak EAM between ∼10.3 and 8.6 ky B.P., EAM intensity peaks between 8.6 and 7.7 ky B.P., and then gradually decrease in response to summer insolation, heat and moisture transport. Our proxy record reveals several weak monsoon intervals that correlate to low sea surface temperatures in the western tropical Pacific and cold events in the North Atlantic, linking the tropical Pacific, North Atlantic, and Polar climates because weak EAM events at ∼8.2, 5.4 and 4.5–2.1 ky B.P. also correspond to low values of atmospheric methane and periods of reduced North Atlantic Deep Water formation. We therefore suggest that centennial to millennial scale monsoon variability during the Holocene in the northern subtropics is globally-mediated via a sun-ocean-monsoon-North Atlantic linkage.
- Published
- 2007
36. Taiwan's industrial heavy metal pollution threatens terrestrial biota
- Author
-
Govindasamy Agoramoorthy, Minna J. Hsu, and Kandasamy Selvaraj
- Subjects
Food Chain ,Insecta ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Snails ,Taiwan ,Industrial Waste ,Bioconcentration ,Toxicology ,Mining ,Chiroptera ,Metals, Heavy ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,Oligochaeta ,Invertebrate ,biology ,Ecology ,Spectrum Analysis ,Earthworm ,Fungi ,Biota ,Lizards ,Snakes ,General Medicine ,Biodiversity ,Mercury ,Plants ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Invertebrates ,Lead ,Tin ,Bioaccumulation ,Environmental science ,Body Burden ,Terrestrial ecosystem ,Environmental Pollution ,Cadmium ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The bioconcentration levels of essential (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Sn) elements have been investigated in different terrestrial biota such as fungi, plant, earthworm, snail, crab, insect, amphibian, lizard, snake, and bat including the associated soil, to investigate the ecosystem health status in Kenting National Park, Taiwan. High bioconcentrations of Cd, Hg, and Sn in snail, earthworm, crab, lizard, snake, and bat indicated a contaminated terrestrial ecosystem. High concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Sn in plant species, effective bioaccumulation of Cd by earthworm, snail, crab and bat, as well as very high levels of Hg found in invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles revealed a strong influence from industrial pollution on the biotic community. This study for the first time presents data on the impact of heavy metal pollution on various terrestrial organisms in Taiwan.
- Published
- 2005
37. A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era
- Author
-
Curran, Mark A.J., Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Husum, Katrine, Evans, Michael N., Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, De Jong, Rixt, Saunders, Krystyna M., Goosse, Hugues, Mulvaney, Robert, Xu, Chenxi, Emile-Geay, Julien, Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig, DeLong, Kristine L., Von Gunten, Lucien, Opel, Thomas, Allen, Kathryn J., Mundo, Ignacio A., Saenger, Casey, Henley, Benjamin J., Stenni, Barbara, Chen, Min-Te, Gergis, Joelle, Francus, Pierre, Ekaykin, Alexey A., White, James W.C., Roop, Heidi A., Filipsson, Helena L., McGregor, Helen V., Thomas, Elizabeth R., Werner, Johannes P., Dixon, Bronwyn C., Yu, Zicheng, Mortyn, P. Graham, Thirumalai, Kaustubh, Sinclair, Kate, Cook, Ed, Mikhalenko, Vladimir, Tierney, Jessica E., Munz, Philipp M., Björklund, Jesper, Thamban, Meloth, Gornostaeva, Anastasia, St. Jacques, Jeannine-Marie, Hao, Zhixin, Frezzotti, Massimo, Shao, Xuemei, Koç, Nalan, Viau, Andre E., Vladimirova, Diana O., Turney, Chris, Steig, Eric J., St. George, Scott, Chase, Brian M., Uemura, Ryu, Sauchyn, David, Linderholm, Hans W., Gajewski, Konrad, Ovchinnikov, Dmitriy V., Freund, Mandy B., McKay, Nicholas P., Motoyama, Hideaki, Dixon, Daniel A., Bertler, Nancy A.N., Addison, Jason A., Sigl, Michael, Routson, Cody C., Kuwar Thapa, Udya, Neukom, Raphael, Phipps, Steven J., Abram, Nerilie J., Tyler, Jonathan J., Divine, Dmitry V., Orsi, Anais J., Porter, Trevor J., Moy, Andrew D., Martrat, Belen, Pederson, Gregory T., Zinke, Jens, Leduc, Guillaume, Nash, David J., Ge, Quansheng, Sano, Masaki, Oerter, Hans, Ersek, Vasile, Gaire, Narayan P., Hormes, Anne, Kawamura, Kenji, Isaksson, Elisabeth, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Kaufman, Darrell S., Grosjean, Martin, Wahl, Eugene R., Kandasamy, Selvaraj, Severi, Mirko, Wang, Jianghao, Horiuchi, Kazuho, Lorrey, Andrew M., and Kilbourne, K. Halimeda
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,550 Earth sciences & geology ,910 Geography & travel ,15. Life on land
Catalog
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