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Interfacial charge transfer in oxide heterostructures gives rise to a rich variety of electronic and magnetic phenomena. Designing heterostructures where one of the thin-film components exhibits a metal-insulator transition opens a promising avenue for controlling such phenomena both statically and dynamically. In this letter, we utilize a combination of depth-resolved soft X-ray standing-wave and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies in conjunction with polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate the effects of the metal-insulator transition in $LaNiO_{3}$ on the electronic and magnetic states at the $LaNiO_{3}/CaMnO_{3}$ interface. We report on a direct observation of the reduced effective valence state of the interfacial Mn cations in the metallic superlattice with an above-critical $LaNiO_{3}$ thickness (6 u.c.) due to the leakage of itinerant Ni 3d $e_{g}$ electrons into the interfacial $CaMnO_{3}$ layer. Conversely, in an insulating superlattice with a below-critical $LaNiO_{3}$ thickness of 2 u.c., a homogeneous effective valence state of Mn is observed throughout the $CaMnO_{3}$ layers due to the blockage of charge transfer across the interface. The ability to switch and tune interfacial charge transfer enables precise control of the emergent ferromagnetic state at the $LaNiO_{3}/CaMnO_{3}$ interface and, thus, has far-reaching consequences on the future strategies for the design of next-generation spintronic devices.

Ultrashort x-ray pulses can be used to disentangle magnetic and structural dynamics and are accordingly utilized here to study the photoexcitation of NdNiO$_3$ (NNO), a model nickelate exhibiting structural and magnetic dynamics that conspire to induce an IMT. During the course of the photoinduced insulator to metal transition (IMT) with above gap excitation, we observe an ultrafast ($, Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, major revision and title change from previous version

Understanding the crystal-field splitting and orbital polarization in noncentrosymmetric systems such as ferroelectric materials is fundamentally important. In this study, taking BaTiO3 as a representative material, we investigate titanium crystal-field splitting and orbital polarization in noncentrosymmetric TiO6 octahedra with resonant x-ray linear dichroism at the Ti L2,3 edge. The high-quality BaTiO3 thin films were deposited on DyScO3 (110) single crystal substrates in a layer-by-layer way by pulsed laser deposition. The reflection high-energy electron diffraction and element specific x-ray absorption spectroscopy were performed to characterize the structural and electronic properties of the films. In sharp contrast to conventional crystal-field splitting and orbital configuration (dxz/dyz

The relativistic Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 driven by large spin-orbit interaction is known for the Jeff = 1/2 antiferromagnetic state which closely resembles the electronic structure of parent compounds of superconducting cuprates. Here, we report the realization of hole-doped Sr2IrO4 by means of interfacial charge transfer in Sr2IrO4/LaNiO3 heterostructures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on Ir 4f edge along with the X-ray absorption spectroscopy at Ni L2 edge confirmed that 5d electrons from Ir sites are transferred onto Ni sites, leading to markedly electronic reconstruction at the interface. Although the Sr2IrO4/LaNiO3 heterostructure remains non-metallic, we reveal that the transport behavior is no longer described by the Mott variable range hopping mode, but by the Efros-Shklovskii model. These findings highlight a powerful utility of interfaces to realize emerging electronic states of the Ruddlesden-Popper phases of Ir-based oxides., 9 pages including 3 figures and references

Heterostructure engineering provides an efficient way to obtain several unconventional phases of LaNiO3, which is otherwise paramagnetic, metallic in bulk form. In this work, a new class of short periodic superlattices, consisting of LaNiO3 and EuNiO3 have been grown by pulsed laser interval deposition to investigate the effect of structural symmetry mismatch on the electronic and magnetic behaviors. Synchrotron based soft and hard X-ray resonant scattering experiments have found that these heterostructures undergo simultaneous electronic and magnetic transitions. Most importantly, LaNiO3 within these artificial structures exhibits a new antiferromagnetic, charge ordered insulating phase. This work demonstrates that emergent properties can be obtained by engineering structural symmetry mismatch across a heterointerface., Comment: 4 Figures

On a lattice composed of triangular plaquettes where antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between localized spins cannot be simultaneously satisfied, the system becomes geometrically frustrated with magnetically disordered phases remarkably different from a simple paramagnet. Spin liquid belongs to one of these exotic states, in which a macroscopic degeneracy of the ground state gives rise to the rich spectrum of collective phenomena. Here, we report on the discovery of a new magnetic state in the heterostructures derived from a single unit cell (111)-oriented spinel CoCr2O4 sandwiched between nonmagnetic Al2O3 spacers. The artificial quasi-two-dimensional material composed of three triangle and one kagome atomic planes shows a degree of magnetic frustration which is almost two orders of magnitude enlarged compared to the bulk crystals. Combined resonant X-ray absorption and torque magnetometry measurements confirm that the designer system exhibits no sign of spin ordering down to 30 mK, implying a possible realization of a quantum spin liquid state in the two dimensional limit.

Almost all oxide two-dimensional electron gases are formed in SrTiO$_3$-based heterostructures and the study of non-SrTiO$_3$ systems is extremely rare. Here, we report the realization of a two-dimensional electron gas in a CaTiO$_3$-based heterostructure, CaTiO$_3$/LaTiO$_3$, grown epitaxially layer-by-layer on a NdGaO$_3$ (110) substrate via pulsed laser deposition. The high quality of the crystal and electronic structures are characterized by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Measurement of electrical transport validates the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas in the CaTiO$_3$/LaTiO$_3$ superlattice. It is revealed the room-temperature carrier mobility in CaTiO$_3$/LaTiO$_3$ is nearly 3 times higher than in CaTiO$_3$/YTiO$_3$, demonstrating the effect of TiO$_6$ octahedral tilts and rotations on carrier mobility of two-dimensional electron gases. Due to doped CaTiO$_3$ being an A-site polar metal, our results provide a new route to design novel A-site two-dimensional polar metals.

Transport and magnetoresistance measurements are performed on metallic, high-carrier density YTiO3-CaTiO3 superlattices as a probe towards the investigation of an emergent magnetic order of YTiO3. On varying the thickness of YTiO3 while keeping the CaTiO3 layer thickness constant in the superlattices, a low-temperature upturn in sheet-resistance, a non-Fermi liquid-like charge transport and positive magnetoresistance are observed. Analyses of the origin of such effects suggest that a unique antiferromagnetic order is realized in the ultra-thin, epitaxially strained YTiO3 layers, which corroborates well with some recent theoretical predictions in this regard.

© The Author(s) 2016. In all archetypical reported (001)-oriented perovskite heterostructures, it has been deduced that the preferential occupation of twodimensional electron gases is in-plane dxy state. In sharp contrast to this, the investigated electronic structure of a spinel-perovskite heterostructure γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3by resonant soft X-ray linear dichroism, demonstrates that the preferential occupation is in out-of-plane dxz/dyzstates for interfacial electrons. Moreover, the impact of strain further corroborates that this anomalous orbital structure can be linked to the altered crystal field at the interface and symmetry breaking of the interfacial structural units. Our findings provide another interesting route to engineer emergent quantum states with deterministic orbital symmetry.

© The Author(s) 2016. The superconductor-to-insulator transition (SIT) induced by means such as external magnetic fields, disorder or spatial confinement is a vivid illustration of a quantum phase transition dramatically affecting the superconducting order parameter. In pursuit of a new realization of the SIT by interfacial charge transfer, we developed extremely thin superlattices composed of high Tcsuperconductor YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) and colossal magnetoresistance ferromagnet La0.67Ca0.33MnO3(LCMO). By using linearly polarized resonant X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism, combined with hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we derived a complete picture of the interfacial carrier doping in cuprate and manganite atomic layers, leading to the transition from superconducting to an unusual Mott insulating state emerging with the increase of LCMO layer thickness. In addition, contrary to the common perception that only transition metal ions may respond to the charge transfer process, we found that charge is also actively compensated by rare-earth and alkaline-earth metal ions of the interface. Such deterministic control of Tcby pure electronic doping without any hindering effects of chemical substitution is another promising route to disentangle the role of disorder on the pseudo-gap and charge density wave phases of underdoped cuprates.

In all archetypical reported (001)-oriented perovskite heterostructures, it has been deduced that the preferential occupation of two-dimensional electron gases is in-plane $d_\textrm{xy}$ state. In sharp contrast to this, the investigated electronic structure of a spinel-perovskite heterostructure $\gamma$-Al$_2$O$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ by resonant soft X-ray linear dichroism, demonstrates that the preferential occupation is out-of-plane $d_\textrm{xz}$/$d_\textrm{yz}$ states for interfacial electrons. Moreover, the impact of strain further corroborates that this anomalous orbital structure can be linked to the altered crystal field at the interface and symmetry breaking of the interfacial structural units. Our findings provide another interesting route to engineer emergent quantum states with deterministic orbital symmetry., Comment: 4 figures

We report on the phase diagram of competing magnetic interactions at nanoscale in engineered ultra-thin trilayer heterostructures of LaTiO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$/YTiO$_{3}$, in which the interfacial inversion symmetry is explicitly broken. Combined atomic layer resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy and electrical transport have confirmed the formation of a spatially separated two-dimensional electron liquid and high density two-dimensional localized magnetic moments at the LaTiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ and SrTiO$_3$/YTiO$_3$ interfaces, respectively. Resonant soft X-ray linear dichroism spectroscopy has demonstrated the presence of orbital polarization of the conductive LaTiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ and localized SrTiO$_3$/YTiO$_3$ electrons. Our results provide a route with prospects for exploring new magnetic interfaces, designing tunable two-dimensional $d$-electron Kondo lattice, and potential spin Hall applications.

In all archetypical reported (001)-oriented perovskite heterostructures, it has been deduced that the preferential occupation of two-dimensional electron gases is in-plane $d_\textrm{xy}$ state. In sharp contrast to this, the investigated electronic structure of a spinel-perovskite heterostructure $��$-Al$_2$O$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ by resonant soft X-ray linear dichroism, demonstrates that the preferential occupation is out-of-plane $d_\textrm{xz}$/$d_\textrm{yz}$ states for interfacial electrons. Moreover, the impact of strain further corroborates that this anomalous orbital structure can be linked to the altered crystal field at the interface and symmetry breaking of the interfacial structural units. Our findings provide another interesting route to engineer emergent quantum states with deterministic orbital symmetry., 4 figures

In response to Lu et al, (arXiv:1506.02787v1), here we present a detailed writeup concerning the questions raised in their comment on our eprint (arXiv:1505.07451). The key question raised by Lu et al was if the bulk-like charge ordered state becomes indetectable with resonant scattering due to ultrathin film thickness. In this reply, we first detail the relation of our work to past work on the same compound by Staub et al to demonstrate that the presented data are indeed sufficient to support our claims of no charge order on ultra thin films of NdNiO3 (NNO) on NdGaO3 (NGO). Further, we demonstrate that if a well defined charge ordered phase exists in ultra thin films, it is indeed resolvable such as that in EuNiO3 (ENO)., 7 pages, 1 figure

In complex materials observed electronic phases and transitions between them often involves coupling between many degrees of freedom whose entanglement convolutes understanding of the instigating mechanism. Metal-insulator transitions are one such problem where coupling to the structural, orbital, charge, and magnetic order parameters frequently obscures the underlying physics. Here, we demonstrate a way to unravel this conundrum by heterostructuring a prototypical multi-ordered complex oxide NdNiO3 in ultra thin geometry, which preserves the metal-to-insulator transition and bulk-like magnetic order parameter, but entirely suppresses the symmetry lowering and charge order parameter. These findings illustrate the utility of heterointerfaces as a powerful method for removing competing order parameters to gain greater insight into the nature of the transition, here revealing that the magnetic order generates the transition independently, leading to a purely electronic Mott metal-insulator transition., 16 pages, 4 Figures

In pursuit of creating cuprate-like electronic and orbital structures, artificial heterostructures based on LaNiO$_3$ have inspired a wealth of exciting experimental and theoretical results. However, to date there is a very limited experimental understanding of the electronic and orbital states emerging after interfacial charge-transfer and their connections to the modified band structure at the interface. Towards this goal, we have synthesized a prototypical superlattice composed of correlated metal LaNiO$_3$ and doped Mott insulator LaTiO$_{3+��}$, and investigated its electronic structure by resonant X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, electrical transport and theory calculations. The heterostructure exhibits interfacial charge-transfer from Ti to Ni sites giving rise to an insulating ground state with orbital polarization and $e_\textrm{g}$ orbital band splitting. Our findings demonstrate how the control over charge at the interface can be effectively used to create exotic electronic, orbital and spin states., 4 figures

We address the fundamental issue of growth of perovskite ultra-thin films under the condition of a strong polar mismatch at the heterointerface exemplified by the growth of a correlated metal LaNiO$_3$ on the band insulator SrTiO$_3$ along the pseudo cubic [111] direction. While in general the metallic LaNiO$_3$ film can effectively screen this polarity mismatch, we establish that in the ultra-thin limit, films are insulating in nature and require additional chemical and structural reconstruction to compensate for such mismatch. A combination of in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction recorded during the growth, X-ray diffraction, and synchrotron based resonant X-ray spectroscopy reveal the formation of a chemical phase La$_2$Ni$_2$O$_5$ (Ni$^{2+}$) for a few unit-cell thick films. First-principles layer-resolved calculations of the potential energy across the nominal LaNiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface confirm that the oxygen vacancies can efficiently reduce the electric field at the interface.

We report on a resonant soft X-ray spectroscopy study of the electronic and magnetic structure of the cuprate-manganite interface. Polarized X-ray spectroscopy measurements taken at the Cu L edge reveal up to a five-fold increase in the dichroic signal as compared to past experimental and theoretical values. Furthermore an increase in the degree of interlayer charge transfer up to 0.25e (where e is charge of an electron) per copper ion is observed leading to a profound reconstruction in the orbital scheme for these interfacial copper ions. It is inferred that these enhancement are related to an increase in TMI observed for manganite layers grown with rapidly modulated flux.

Ultrathin epitaxial films of EuNiO3 were grown on a series of substrates traversing highly compressive (- 2.4%) to highly tensile (2.5%) lattice mismatch. X-ray diffraction measurements showed the expected c-lattice parameter shift for compressive strain, but no detectable shift for tensilely strained substrates, while reciprocal space mapping confirmed the tensile strained film maintained epitaxial coherence. Transport measurements showed a successively (from tensile to compressive) lower resistance and a complete suppression of the metalinsulator transition at highly compressive lattice mismatch. Corroborating these findings, X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed a strong multiplet splitting in the tensile samples that progressively weakens with increasing compressive strain that, combined with cluster calculations, showed enhanced covalence between Ni-d and O-p orbitals leads to the metallic state.

The metal-insulator transition (MIT) and the underlying electronic and orbital structure in $e_{g}^{1}$ quantum wells based on NdNiO$_{3}$ was investigated by d.c. transport and resonant soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. By comparing quantum wells of the same dimension but with two different confinement structures, we explicitly demonstrate that the quantum well boundary condition of correlated electrons is critical to selecting the many-body ground state. In particular, the long-range orderings and the MIT are found to be strongly enhanced under quantum confinement by sandwiching NdNiO$_{3}$ with the wide-gap dielectric LaAlO$_{3}$, while they are suppressed when one of the interfaces is replaced by a surface (interface with vacuum). Resonant spectroscopy reveals that the reduced charge fluctuations in the sandwich structure are supported by the enhanced propensity to charge ordering due to the suppressed $e_g$ orbital splitting when interfaced with the confining LaAlO$_{3}$ layer.

We explore the electrical transport and magneto-conductance in quasi two-dimensional strongly correlated ultrathin films of LaNiO$_{3}$ (LNO) to investigate the effect of hetero-epitaxial strain on electron-electron and electron-lattice interactions from the low to intermediate temperature range (2K$\sim$170K). The fully epitaxial 10 unit cell thick films spanning tensile strain up to $\sim4%$ are used to investigate effects of enhanced carrier localization driven by a combination of weak localization and electron-electron interactions at low temperatures. The magneto-conductance data shows the importance of the increased contribution of weak localization to low temperature quantum corrections. The obtained results demonstrate that with increasing tensile strain and reduced temperature the quantum confined LNO system gradually evolves from the Mott into the Mott-Anderson regime.

We report on the synthesis of ultrathin films of highly distorted EuNiO3 (ENO) grown by interrupted pulse laser epitaxy on YAlO3 (YAO) substrates. Through mapping the phase space of nickelate thin film epitaxy, the optimal growth temperatures were found to scale linearly with the Goldschmidt tolerance factor. Considering the gibbs energy of the expanding film, this empirical trend is discussed in terms of epitaxial stabilization and the escalation of the lattice energy due to lattice distortions and decreasing symmetry. These findings are fundamental to other complex oxide perovskites, and provide a route to the synthesis of other perovskite structures in ultrathin-film form., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

We report on the non-trivial nanoscale kinetics of the deposition of novel complex oxide heterostructures composed of a unit-cell thick correlated metal LaNiO3 and dielectric LaAlO3. The multilayers demonstrate exceptionally good crystallinity and surface morphology maintained over the large number of layers, as confirmed by AFM, RHEED, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. To elucidate the physics behind the growth, the temperature of the substrate and the deposition rate were varied over a wide range and the results were treated in the framework of a two-layer model. These results are of fundamental importance for synthesis of new phases of complex oxide heterostructures., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures

The interfacial properties of Y0.6Pr0.4Ba2Cu3O7/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 superlattices have been studied by resonant soft x-rays and diffuse scattered neutrons. Linearly polarized X-ray absorption at Cu L3 -edge reveals dramatic interfacial changes from the bulk including charge transfer between LCMO and YPBCO and an orbital reconstruction in the interface CuO2 plane. The similarities to the case of zero Pr-doping are due to the strongly hybridized covalent bond between Cu and Mn. However, reduced charge transfer and a more bulk-like interfacial orbital occupation are observed and related to the effect of Pr-doping. Neutron reflectometry measurements reveal a drastic increase in diffuse scattering with decreasing temperature, likely due to buckling caused by the structural phase transition of the SrTiO3 substrate. We observe no evidence that this diffuse scattering is related to the superconducting transition., 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRB

The mechanisms of interrelation between ideological values and methodological means of historical perception are revealed in the article. The role of philosophy as a theoretical centre of the ideology is underlined in the article. The participation of philosophical ideas in the formation of historical conceptions and categorical mechanisms of historical science, in the evolution of historical concepts, in the development of the methods of the perception of the past and the subject field of the research is discussed in the article. The categorical apparatus of historical science is an instrument for the production of new knowledge, an instrument of the theoretical consciousness of а historian. Therefore, the development and change of historical knowledge systems causes a consequence of changes in categorical structures, each of which associates its semantic field of historical explanations with its composition and method of questioning. The categorical system of thinking in historical science is a synthesis of philosophical, sociological, psychological, culturological and historical concepts. Historical concepts, as the result of the development of both historical and socio-humanitarian knowledge, at the same time serve as the main tool of cognition of the past. The nature of historical concepts is determined, on the one hand, by the peculiarities of the subject area of historical cognition, on the other hand, by the system of categories of philosophy and other social sciences. The source of the content of historical concepts is the past itself as an object of knowledge, and the whole set of theoretical means of modern social cognition. Permeating all historical cognition, the concepts of philosophy and culture act as deep programs of research, which provide a connection of historical facts, their explanation with philosophical and ideological concepts of the modern era. The methodology of historical cognition is always summarized in a certain set of concepts on the basis of philosophical premises. The history of historical science shows that no one new philosophical methodology has been left without the attention of historians. The role of philosophical ideas and principles, their impact on the methodology of history can be seen in the best way during changes of ideological foundations of historical knowledge. The article considers the revision of methods of historical research in Russian historiography at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, in the works of N. I. Kareev, M. M. Kovalevsky, R. Yu. Wipper, A. S. LappoDanilevsky, the transition from positivist philosophical principles and cognitive means to neo-Kantian methods in specific historical research, attempts of psychological interpretation of historical events. The philosophical significance of philosophy is revealed in the discussion on such problems of historical epistemology as the problem of reliability of historical knowledge, the issue of historical truth, the nature and content of historical concepts. Philosophy is an important means of stating and solving ontological problems of history: the place of the man in the historical process, his freedom, the meaning and purpose of history, the sources and driving forces of historical development. The authors underline the specific features of historical perception, the importance of micro-ideas which show the unique nature of social phenomena of the past for it. The change in the system of concepts of historical science in connection with the change of philosophical conceptions as well as historical approaches (social history, “Annals” school, new social history) is shown in the article.

In complex materials observed electronic phases and transitions between them often involve coupling between many degrees of freedom whose entanglement convolutes understanding of the instigating mechanism. Metal-insulator transitions are one such problem where coupling to the structural, orbital, charge and magnetic order parameters frequently obscures the underlying physics. Here, we demonstrate a way to unravel this conundrum by heterostructuring a prototypical multi-ordered complex oxide NdNiO3 in ultra thin geometry, which preserves the metal-to-insulator transition and bulk-like magnetic order parameter, but entirely suppresses the symmetry lowering and long-range charge order parameter. These findings illustrate the utility of heterointerfaces as a powerful method for removing competing order parameters to gain greater insight into the nature of the transition, here revealing that the magnetic order generates the transition independently, leading to an exceptionally rare purely electronic metal-insulator transition with no symmetry change.

Проблема реформирования образования проанализирована автором как интегральная социальная категория. Научное исследование подходов и методологии проводимых преобразований в сфере высшего образования проведено в контексте рассмотрения оригинальных исторических источников. Новизна исследования обусловлена методологией историко-сравнительного сопоставления наследия российской либеральной историографии конца XIX – начала XX вв. с современными проектами преобразований системы образования. Широкий спектр архивных материалов, введенный в научный оборот, конкретизирует теоретические положения статьи. Источниковую базу исследования составили фонды таких отечественных архивов, как: АРАН (Архив Российской Академии наук (Москва), ГАРФ (Государственный архив Российской Федерации (Москва), ОР РГБ (Отдел рукописей Российской государственной библиотеки (Москва), ЦИАМ (Центральный исторический архив г. Москвы (Мосгорархив), ПФА РАН (Петербургский филиал Архива Российской Академии наук), РГИА (Российский государственный исторический архив (Санкт-Петербург); отечественные и зарубежные периодические издания. Современная трактовка компетентностного подхода, как метода моделирования образа совершенного специалиста, проанализирована в историографической ретроспективе. Подробный анализ научных концепций и опыта их воплощения П. Г. Виноградовым, Н. И. Кареевым, М. М. Ковалевским, А. С. Лаппо-Данилевским, П.Н.Милюковым, Д. М. Петрушевским, позволил не только подтвердить положение об определяющей роли названных ученых в развитии исторической науки России в конце XIX – начале XX вв., но и сделать вывод о значимости их научно-теоретического и практического опыта в сфере реформирования системы образования., The problem of educational reform has analyzed by the author as an integral social category. Scientific research approaches and methodology of the current reforms in higher education conducted in the context of original historical sources. The scientific novelty of the research due to the methodology of historical-comparative mapping heritage of the Russian liberal historiography of the late XIX early XXth centuries with modern projects of transformation of the education system. A wide range of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation, elaborates on the theoretical framework of the article. The article has based on the holdings of such national archives: ARAN (archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), GARF (State archive of the Russian Federation (Moscow), PR RGB (Department of manuscripts of the Russian state library (Moscow), CIAM (Central historical archive of Moscow (mosgorarhiv), the APF RAS (St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences), RGIA (Russian state historical archive in St. Petersburg); domestic and foreign periodicals. A modern interpretation of the competence-based approach as a method of modeling the image of the perfect specialist, analyzed in historical retrospect. The author has analysed the scientific concepts and experience of their implementation by P.G. Vinogradov, N. I. Kareev, M. M. Kovalevsky, P.N. Milyukov, A. S. Lappo-Danilevsky, D. M. Petrusevski. It has allowed not only to confirm position about the decisive role of scientists named in the development of historical science in Russia in the late XIX early XXth centuries, but also has made a conclusion about the importance of their scientific-theoretical and practical experience in reforming the education system.