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Cross-coupling reactions are among the most important transformations in modern organic synthesis1,2,3. Although the range of reported (het)aryl halides and nucleophile coupling partners is very large considering various protocols, the reaction conditions vary considerably between compound classes, necessitating renewed case-by-case optimization of the reaction conditions4. Here we introduce adaptive dynamic homogeneous catalysis (AD-HoC) with nickel under visible-light-driven redox reaction conditions for general C(sp2)–(hetero)atom coupling reactions. The self-adjustive nature of the catalytic system allowed the simple classification of dozens of various classes of nucleophiles in cross-coupling reactions. This is synthetically demonstrated in nine different bond-forming reactions (in this case, C(sp2)–S, Se, N, P, B, O, C(sp3, sp2, sp), Si, Cl) with hundreds of synthetic examples under predictable reaction conditions. The catalytic reaction centre(s) and conditions differ from one another by the added nucleophile, or if required, a commercially available inexpensive amine base.

This research is performed on a selection of archaeological glass finds with corresponding soil samples, excavated on the site of the High Medieval castle Cucagna in Friuli/Northern Italy. In the frame of understanding medieval glass technology and the chemical-physical conditions that influenced the state of preservation of the glass finds, this study uses a multi-analytical line-up of methods to characterize the composition of the glass and basic parameters of the soil including texture, mineralogical composition, pH, redox potential (Eh) and electric conductivity (EC). The results show that glass corrosion in soil not only depends on acidity, alkalinity or glass composition but also on the texture of the soil, measurable as grain-size distribution, and the mineralogical composition. The compositional groups of the glassware from Cucagna indicate the use of various raw material sources, pointing to Northern and Central Italian glass workshops with primary or secondary glass production.[GRAPHICS].

Resilience is a concept of growing interest in the research field, as well as bullying and quality of life. Resilience has gained rising interest over the past decade because it has capacity for systematically informed prevention and intervention (Elbau et al. 2019). This study looks at data from a former study “Trivsel I Tromsø” with children and adolescence victims to bullying and harassment (N=237) and a control group (N=735). In total (N=952). The pupils that matched the criteria, were from 9 to 16 years, who bullied and/or harassed at the cut off-point 3 or more times a month. The aim of the study was to look for any evidence of resilience within the bullied and harassed group. To assess this The Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used, and resilience was defined within the children or adolescence who scored in the normal range of total difficulty. Furthermore, KINDLR and the SDQ Pro-social score was used in effort to map out trends of resilience within the dataset. This is followed by regression analyses to sort out which variables had the most resistance towards the negative impacts. Main result of this study shows that 176 (74%) of the pupils were resilient towards the bullying and harassment. A moderate resiliency was considered within the borderline N=35 (14,7%), the last group N=26 (10,9%) were associated with low resilience. Compared to the control group, the most important protective factors were friends, the school environment, and emotional well-being in reducing the negative impacts displayed by the SDQ (with some reservations during overlap issues). The also study notes that physical well-being and self-esteem, and pro-social factors has effects against bullying and suggests that family has an effect in lowering the negative impacts of the bulling and harassment.