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Most stars form in multiple star systems. For a better understanding of their formation processes, it is important to resolve the individual protostellar components and the surrounding envelope and disk material at the earliest possible formation epoch because the formation history can be lost in a few orbital timescales. Here we present the ALMA observational results of a young multiple protostellar system, IRAS 04239+2436, where three well-developed large spiral arms were detected in the shocked SO emission. Along the most conspicuous arm, the accretion streamer was also detected in the SO$_2$ emission. The observational results are complemented by numerical magneto-hydrodynamic simulations, where those large arms only appear in magnetically weakened clouds. The numerical simulations also suggest that the large triple spiral arms are the result of gravitational interactions between compact triple protostars and the turbulent infalling envelope., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Background: Achieving healthy vascular aging (HVA) is important for decelerating age-related cardiovascular disease risk. We evaluated the interplay between HVA, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: We analyzed data on 3,722 men who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a health examination program. HVA was defined as blood pressure 0 and ≥100 and a mean carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) >75th percentile for each age group as well as >0.8 mm of CIMT. Separate and joint associations of HVA and CRF with subclinical atherosclerosis were evaluated.Results: Each 1 MET increment in CRF was associated with 23% higher odds for having HVA. HVA was associated with lower odds of CAC, but not CIMT. CRF modified the association between HVA and CIMT>0.8 mm (interaction: p=0.01); HVA was associated with lower odds of CIMT>0.8 in fit men with no significant association between HVA and CIMT>0.8 mm in unfit men. Compared with no HVA and being unfit, HVA and being fit was associated with lower odds of subclinical atherosclerosis, but there was no significant association between HVA and being unfit with subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion: HVA and higher CRF are each associated with a lower risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in men. Higher CRF is associated with a higher prevalence of HVA and may modify the association between HVA and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Canine C-reactive protein (cCRP) is an acute-phase protein that increases dramatically with inflammation and has potential utility in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment. Rapid, automated point-of-care test (POCT) formats could enhance the clinical utility of cCRP measurement.We aimed to evaluate the VetChroma canine-specific POCT assay for the quantitative measurement of cCRP in canine serum or plasma.Serum and plasma from discarded canine diagnostic samples were used. Evaluation included intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation and observed total error (TEIntra-assay variation ranged from 2.5%-6.1%, and inter-assay variation ranged from 2.1%-5.4%. The TEThe VetChroma cCRP assay has acceptable test performance to measure serum cCRP concentration. The POCT protocol and test kit are valid for clinical use, although results obtained using other cCRP assays or plasma may not be directly compared.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem and the most common form of chronic liver disease, affecting 25% of the global population. Although NAFLD is closely linked with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, knowledge on its pathogenesis remains incomplete. Emerging data have underscored the importance of Rho-kinase (Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase [ROCK]) action in the maintenance of normal hepatic lipid homeostasis. In particular, pharmacological blockade of ROCK in hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells prevents the progression of liver diseases such as NAFLD and fibrosis. Moreover, mice lacking hepatic ROCK1 are protected against obesity-induced fatty liver diseases by suppressing hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Here we review the roles of ROCK as an indispensable regulator of obesity-induced fatty liver disease and highlight the key cellular pathway governing hepatic lipid accumulation, with focus on de novo lipogenesis and its impact on therapeutic potential. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic milieu linking to liver dysfunction triggered by ROCK activation may help identify new targets for treating fatty liver diseases such as NAFLD. publishersversion published

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jht-10.1177_10963480211010986 for What Has Happened and What Will Drive Changes in Hospitality and Tourism Education? by Hyun Jeong (Jenny) Kim and Miyoung Jeong in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jht-10.1177_10963480211010986 for What Has Happened and What Will Drive Changes in Hospitality and Tourism Education? by Hyun Jeong (Jenny) Kim and Miyoung Jeong in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research

Hyun Jeong Kim, 1,* Nga Thi Trinh, 1,* Yunjeong Choi, 1 Woorim Kim, 1 Kyung Hyun Min, 1 Sang Oh Kang, 1 Joo Hee Kim, 2 Hyoun-Ah Kim, 3 Ju-Yang Jung, 3 In Ah Choi, 4 Kyung Eun Lee 1 1College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea; 2College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; 4Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kyung Eun LeeCollege of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of KoreaTel +82 43 261 3590Fax +82 43 268 2732Email kaylee@cbnu.ac.krPurpose: TNF-α is a transmembrane protein which requires cleavage by ADAM17 in order to act systemically. The activation of ADAM17 to generate soluble TNF‑α results in an increased inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that variants spanning the ADAM17 gene contribute towards the observed variation in patient response defined by the number of changes in TNF‑α inhibitors.Patients and Methods: Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of ADAM17 in 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received TNF-α inhibitors were analyzed: rs57467365, rs62117540, rs117645314, rs6432013, rs532704607, rs117179141, and rs12692386. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were employed to investigate the independent predictable factors for changes in TNF-α inhibitors.Results: ADAM17 rs117645314 and rs117179141 showed significant association with the number of changes in TNF-α inhibitors. Patients with GA in rs117645314 and AT in rs117179141 had significantly higher chance of two or more changes of TNF-α inhibitors than those with wild homozygous alleles. Multivariate analysis showed that rs117179141 explained 5.7% of the 23.8% variability in TNF-α inhibitor response.Conclusion: This study showed that the number of changes in TNF-α inhibitor is associated with ADAM17 SNPs.Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, TNF-α inhibitor, ADAM17, single-nucleotide polymorphism

Additional file 2: Table S2. Summary of 6 cases with ipsilateral breast recurrence.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Correlations in infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1+ immune cells in pure ductal carcinoma in situ.

본 연구의 목적은 멘탈 휘트니스 긍정심리 프로그램이 고등학생의 정서행동 특성 및 학교폭력에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한 고등학교의 1학년 전체 학생 292명을 대상으로 멘탈 휘트니스 긍정심리 프로그램을 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 멘탈 휘트니스 긍정심리 프로그램은 총 3회기에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 그 중 2회기는 담임교사가 직접 진행하였고 나머지 1회기는 전문상담교사가 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 사전 및 사후검사로는 청소년용 안녕감 척도와 지각된 스트레스 척도가 사용되었다. 1학년 전체 학생에게 멘탈 휘트니스 긍정심리 프로그램을 실시한 결과, 안녕감은 유의하게 상승한 반면 지각된 스트레스 수준은 유의하게 감소하였다. 멘탈 휘트니스 긍정심리 프로그램 참여 집단의 자료를 같은 학교의 전년도 1학년 학생 354명의 자료와 비교했을때, 학생 정서ㆍ행동특성 검사에서 관심군 중 일반관리 유형의 비율과 학교폭력 피해 응답 비율이 유의하게 낮았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구 결과의 시사점 및 제한점 그리고 후속 연구의 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 아버지의 육아참여에 대한 인식을 알아보고, 개선사항 및 요구를 조사하여 향후 가정 내 아버지 육아참여를 활성화할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 만5세 이하 자녀들 둔 아버지 총 681명의 설문조사를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 육아참여에 대한 인식을 알아본 결과, 자녀와 함께 하는 것 자체가 좋아서 육아에 관심을 가지고 있으며, 육아는 부모가 함께 해야 하는 것이므로 아버지의 육아참여가 필요하다고 하였다. 둘째, 육아참여 실태를 알아본 결과, 직장 일 때문에 바빠서 육아참여 시간이 충분하지 않았으며, 맞벌이, 학사이상의 학력을 가진 아버지의 참여도가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 육아참여에 대한 어려움을 알아본 결과, 육아참여를 위한 프로그램 지원 및 육아관련 정보가 부족하였으며, 육아참여로 인한 조퇴 등의 사용으로 인해 직장 내 눈치를 보고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Background: The most commonly impacted tooth is the third molar. An impacted third molar can ultimately cause acute pain, infection, tumors, cysts, caries, periodontal disease, and loss of adjacent teeth. Local anesthesia is employed for removing the third molar. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 or 1:200,000 epinephrine for surgical extraction of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. Methods: Sixty-five healthy participants underwent surgical extraction of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars in 2 separate visits while under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with different epinephrine concentration (1:80,000 or 1:200,000) in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Visual analog scale pain scores obtained immediately after surgical extraction were primarily evaluated for the 2 groups receiving different epinephrine concentrations. Visual analog scale pain scores were obtained 2, 4, and 6 hours after administering an anesthetic. Onset and duration of analgesia, onset of pain, intraoperative bleeding, operator's and participant's overall satisfaction, drug dosage, and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated for the 2 groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in any measurements except hemodynamic factors (P >.05). Changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate following anesthetic administration were significantly greater in the group receiving 1:80,000 epinephrine than in that receiving 1:200,000 epinephrine (P ≤.01). Conclusion: The difference in epinephrine concentration between 1:80,000 and 1:200,000 in 2% lidocaine liquid does not affect the medical efficacy of the anesthetic. Furthermore, 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine has better safety with regard to hemodynamic parameters than 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine. Therefore, we suggest using 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine rather than 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine for surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars in hemodynamically unstable patients.

Proceedings Of The 6Th International Bci Meeting: Bci Past, Present, And Future

Objective Stress cardiomyopathy (SCM) sometimes develops in patients with non-cardiac medical illness. We hypothesized that soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) can predict SCM. Methods In 76 patients admitted to non-cardiac medical intensive care unit (MICU), echocardiography and sST2 were assessed on admission day (D0) and on the third day (D2). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured on D0. Results The SCM group (21%, 16/76) showed significantly higher cTnI, BNP, sST2 (D2), and sST2 changes than the non-SCM group. In receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, they equally predicted SCM. In 65 patients with normal cTnI, sST2 (D2) and sST2 changes predicted SCM better than cTnI or BNP. Conclusion Follow-up sST2 and the change in sST2 have additional predictive value for SCM in patients with normal cTnI. A combination strategy of sST2 and cTnI would be useful to predict SCM in patients admitted to the MICU.

Obesity is emerging as one of the major risk factors of death in Korea as well as western societies. This study was performed to investigate the effect of kimchi with Monascus purpureus (Hongkuk) on liver function, plasma lipid composition of rats fed high fat diet for four weeks in rats. Rats were divided into the following 6 groups; I group (normal diet), II group (normal diet with kimchi powder using Hongkuk), III group (high fat diet), IV group (high fat diet with kimchi powder), V group (hish fat diet with kimchi powder using Hongkuk), and VI group (high fat diet with kimchi powder using Hongkuk). Weight gains showed to decrease in group IV, V, VI. Food intake and food efficiency ratio were no significantly different among the groups. Plasma total cholesterol showed to decrease with kimchi using Hongkuk. LDL-cholesterol levels were lower in kimchi using Hongkuk than that of control group. These results demonstrated that the kimchi and kimchi using Monascus purpureus(Hongkuk) decreased weight gains and lowered serum cholesterol levels in rat.

Using data samples of $102\times10^6$ $\Upsilon(1S)$ and $158\times10^6$ $\Upsilon(2S)$ events collected with the Belle detector, a first experimental search has been made for double-charmonium production in the exclusive decays $\Upsilon(1S,2S)\rightarrow J/\psi(\psi')+X$, where $X=\eta_c$, $\chi_{cJ} (J=~0,~1,~2)$, $\eta_c(2S)$, $X(3940)$, and $X(4160)$. No significant signal is observed in the spectra of the mass recoiling against the reconstructed $J/\psi$ or $\psi'$ except for the evidence of $\chi_{c1}$ production with a significance of $4.6\sigma$ for $\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow J/\psi+\chi_{c1}$. The measured branching fraction $\BR(\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow J/\psi+\chi_{c1})$ is $(3.90\pm1.21(\rm stat.)\pm0.23 (\rm syst.))\times10^{-6}$. The $90\%$ confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions of the other modes having a significance of less than $3\sigma$ are determined. These results are consistent with theoretical calculations using the nonrelativistic QCD factorization approach., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. The fit range was extended to include X(4160) signal according to referee's suggestions. Other results unchanged. Paper was accepted for publication as a regular article in Physical Review D

We present [Fe II] 1.644 um features around ultracompact H II regions (UCHIIs) found on a quest for the "footprint" outflow features of UCHIIs---the feature produced by the outflowing materials ejected during the earlier, active accretion phase of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs). We surveyed 237 UCHIIs in the 1st Galactic quadrant, employing the CORNISH UCHII catalog and UWIFE data which is an imaging survey in [Fe II] 1.644 um performed with UKIRT-WFCAM under ~ 0.8" seeing condition. The [Fe II] features were found around five UCHIIs, one of which is of low plausibility. We interpret that the [Fe II] features are shock-excited by outflows from YSOs, and estimate the outflow mass loss rates from the [Fe II] flux, which are ~ 1 x 10^-6 - 4 x 10^-5 Ms yr^-1. We propose that the [Fe II] features might be the "footprint" outflow features, but more studies are required to clarify it. This is based on the morphological relation between the [Fe II] and 5 GHz radio features, the outflow mass loss rate, the travel time of the [Fe II] features, and the existence of several YSO candidates near the UCHIIs. The UCHIIs accompanying the [Fe II] features have a relatively higher peak flux density. The fraction of UCHIIs accompanying the [Fe II] features, 5/237, is small when compared to the ~ 90 % detection rate of high-velocity CO gas around UCHIIs. We discuss some possible explanations on the low detection rate., ApJS accepted, 40 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables

Background and Aims Biomonitoring programs are useful for investigating human exposure to environmental chemicals as to make proper countermeasures or policies. The Korean National Environmental He...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging at b = 2000 s/mm(2) offers theoretical advantages over DW imaging at b = 1000 s/mm(2) for detection of hyperacute ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine whether b = 2000 images are better than b = 1000 images for detecting and estimating the extent of diffusion change within 6 hours after stroke onset. METHODS: We compared DW images obtained with a b value of 1000 s/mm(2) (TR/TE/NEX, 7500/71/1) with those obtained with a b value of 2000 s/mm(2) (TR/TE/NEX, 7500/83/2) in 94 patients examined within 6 hours of clinically suspicious hyperacute ischemic stroke (57 men, 37 women; mean age ± SD, 62 years ± 8; age range, 47–80 years; mean time interval ± SD, 206 ± 90 min). Three observers performed qualitative analysis of DW images and reached a consensus about lesion conspicuity, lesion extent, and image artifact. In the quantitative analysis of 34 patients with lesions in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and volume of ischemic lesion were measured and findings of the b = 1000 and b = 2000 images were compared. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of b = 1000 and b = 2000 images were calculated as 94% (80/85)/ 100% (9/9) and 98% (83/85)/ 100% (9/9), respectively, relative to the presence or absence of infarction on the follow-up T2-weighted images. In three patients, hyperintense lesions were depicted only on b = 2000 images. On qualitative analysis, lesions were more conspicuous and larger on b = 2000 images in 23 and 11 patients, respectively. On quantitative analysis, as the b value increased, the mean lesion volume increased by 47% (22.1 ± 27.9 mL at b = 1000 s/mm(2) versus 32.5 ± 36.5 mL at b = 2000 s/mm(2), P < .001, n = 34). As the b value increased, mean SNR decreased both in the lesion and in the contralateral normal area by 17% and 28%, respectively, but the mean CNR increased by 23% (8.7 ± 6.4 at b = 1000 s/mm(2) versus 10.7 ± 6.5 at b = 2000 s/mm(2), P < .001, n = 34). CONCLUSION: DW images acquired with a b value of 2000 s/mm(2) were better than DW images acquired with a b value of 1000 s/mm(2) for the detection and estimation of the extent of diffusion change in patients examined within 6 hours of ischemic stroke onset.

Summary: We report MR findings in a case of a giant cell reparative granuloma involving the temporal lobe in a middle-aged man. On MR images, most of the mass was hypointense on T1-weighted images, hypointense on T2-weighted images, and mildly enhanced on postcontrast T1-weighted images. The hypointensity on T2-weighted images corresponded to areas of hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition on pathologic correlation.

A cDNA clone (cOSA2) encoding a plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase was isolated from rice. Southern blot analysis indicated that the genes that corresponds to cOSA2 was different from that to cOSA1. Northern blots revealed OSA2 mRNA in roots, calli and shoots. OSA1 transcripts were detected only by RT-PCR in these tissues.