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頭頸部癌は全癌の6%を占める第6位の悪性腫瘍である．喫煙・飲酒などの環境因子によって惹起されることが多い一方で，特定のウイルスによって惹起されることが特徴的である．中咽頭に位置する口蓋扁桃，上咽頭に位置する咽頭扁桃はワルダイエル輪を構成し，このワルダイエル輪は，ウイルスをはじめとする微生物が感染して最初に応答する免疫装置として重要であるが，同時にウイルス発癌の母地としても知られる．エプスタインバールウイルス (EBV) によって惹起される上咽頭癌，ヒト乳頭腫ウイルス (HPV) によって惹起される中咽頭癌が，頭頸部領域のウイルス性悪性腫瘍の代表例である．しかしながら，これらの発癌・転移機序はまだまだ解明されていない点が多い．これまで我々は，これらの悪性腫瘍の発癌・転移機序に注目して研究を行ってきた．本稿ではその研究内容について概説する．, 【第15回 金沢大学十全医学賞受賞論文】

The prototype fast breeder reactor Monju has produced valuable technological achievements through design, construction, operation and maintenance over half a century since 1968. This report compiles the reactor technologies developed for Monju, including the areas: history and major achievements, design and construction, commissioning, safety, reactor physics, fuel, systems and components, sodium technology, materials and structures, operation and maintenance, and accidents and failures., 高速増殖原型炉もんじゅは、1968年の研究開発着手から半世紀にわたる設計, 建設, 運転, 保守等を通じて、数多くの貴重な成果を生んできた。本報告書は、「開発経緯と実績」, 「設計・建設」, 「試運転」, 「原子炉安全」, 「炉心技術」, 「燃料・材料」, 「原子炉設備」, 「ナトリウム技術」, 「構造・材料」, 「運転・保守」, 「事故・トラブル経験」の技術分野について、特徴や技術成果を取りまとめたものである。

The SIMMER-III computer code, developed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA, the former Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation), is a two-dimensional, multi-velocity-field, multi-component fluid-dynamics code, coupled with a space- and time-dependent neutron kinetics model. The code is being used widely for simulating complex phenomena during core-disruptive accidents (CDAs) in liquid-metal fast reactors (LMFRs). In parallel to the code development, a comprehensive assessment program was performed in two phases: Phase 1 for verifying individual fluid-dynamics models; and Phase 2 for validating its applicability to integral phenomena important to evaluating LMFR CDAs. The SIMMERIII assessment program was participated by European research and development organizations, and the achievement of Phase 1 was compiled and synthesized in 1996. This report has been edited by revising and reproducing the original 1996 informal report, which compiled the achievement of Phase 1 assessment. A total of 34 test problems were studied in the areas: fluid convection, interfacial area and momentum exchange, heat transfer, melting and freezing, and vaporization and condensation. The problems identified have been reflected to the Phase 2 assessment and later model development and improvement. Although the revisions were made in the light of knowledge base obtained later, the original individual contributions by the participants, both positive and negative, are retained except for editorial changes., 日本原子力研究開発機構(旧動力炉・核燃料開発事業団)が開発したSIMMER-IIIは、2次元・多速度場・多成分流体力学を空間・時間依存の核動特性モデルと結合した計算コードであり、液体金属高速炉の炉心崩壊事故の解析に広く利用されている。コードの開発と並行して、包括的なコード検証プログラムを、第1期(流体力学個別モデルのverification)及び第2期(炉心崩壊事故における複雑かつ重要な現象についてのvalidation)の2段階に分けて実施してきた。SIMMER-III検証プログラムには欧州の研究開発機関が参加し、第1期の成果は1996年に総合的にとりまとめられた。本報告書は元の1996年の非公式の文書を再生・改訂することにより、第1期検証の研究成果を再編集したものである。第1期検証プログラムでは、流体対流、境界面積及び運動量交換、熱伝達、溶融・固化、蒸発・凝縮の分野で計34のテスト問題の解析が参加機関により分担して実施された。第1期プログラムで明らかとなった課題についてはその後のモデル開発・改良及び第2期プログラムに反映した。本報告書は新たに得られた研究知見に基づいて改訂しているが、参加者による元の解析結果と結論は、批判的な内容を含めて、そのまま記載している。

Great progress has been made during the last decade in clarifying the molecular details of aroma accumulation in grape berries. However, the multigene complex controlling monoterpene accumulation in grape is not well understood. To shed light on this issue, the grapes of 149 F1 progenies from the cross 87-1 (Vitis vinifera L.) × 9-22 (Vitis vinifera L.) were characterized at the mature stage for three representative free monoterpenes during five growing seasons. A total of 202, 184 and 255 polymorphic SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers were contracted on the maternal 87-1, paternal 9-22 and consensus genetic maps, respectively. On the consensus map, we confirmed a major QTL (quantitative trait locus) for free linalool, nerol and α-terpineol content on linkage group (LG) 5, and a stable QTL for free linalool and α-terpineol was detected on LG 10. In addition, two new stable QTLs for free monoterpene (linalool, nerol and α-terpineol) contents were identified on LG 11 and LG 18 that explained up to 42.5 % of the total variance. Eleven promising candidate genes related to pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-containing proteins, seed maturation protein, RING finger protein, and AP2/ERF transcription factors might be potentially involved in monoterpene accumulation. The stable QTLs and candidate genes identified in this study provide new insights into free monoterpene accumulation in grape., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 59 No. 1 (2020): Vitis

We have developed a ball-type haptic interface that enables users to enjoy watching sports games more actively. For a game such as beach volleyball, the viewer manipulates the ball-type device on the surface of a table where the court is displayed. The ball impact is presented as a vibration when he/she moves the device to where the player is hitting the ball. In this demonstration, we propose a viewing style to enjoy the speed and impact of sports games more actively.

Diagnostic markers can facilitate more selective screening and treatment strategies for ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated cancer (UCAC). We analyzed trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), which has an important role in mucosal protection and repair in the gastrointestinal tract, and evaluated its significance for UCAC. We enrolled 145 patients with UC who underwent proctocolectomies including 15 patients (10.8%) with UCAC. We assessed TFF3 expression immunohistochemically in their rectal mucosa and in cancer cells, and compared their expression in UCAC and sporadic colorectal cancer. In testing mucinous granules of goblet cells located in crypts, we found that non-cancerous rectal mucosa of UCAC patients had significantly lower (P < 0.01) mean TFF3 staining scores (4.53 ± 2.36) than did specimens of patients with UC without UCAC (7.21 ± 3.38) or sporadic cancer (7.58 ± 2.72). TFF3 staining score was an independent predictor of UCAC development (odds ratio: 4.32, confidence interval: 1.01–29.9, P = 0.05). These results indicate that low TFF3 expression in rectal mucosa is associated with the development of UCAC. Thus, TFF3 in the rectal mucosa may be a useful biomarker for monitoring patients with UC., 本文 / Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 24p

Aims: Cancer cells induce de-novo lymphatic vessel growth within draining lymph nodes before they metastasize. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate lymph node lymphangiogenesis before the establishment of nodal recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. Methods and results: Surgical specimens from 28 patients with pT2-T3N0M0 SCC of the tongue after local excision with supraomohyoid neck dissection were studied by immunohistochemistry. Intranodal lymphatic endothelium was highlighted by podoplanin staining to evaluate lymphatic vessel counts (LVCs). Primary tumour sections were examined for the expression of lymphangiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. LVCs in regional lymph nodes were significantly increased in the cases with nodal recurrence (P=0.0013). Simultaneous increases in VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression were significantly associated with both an increase in LVC in regional lymph nodes (P=0.0001) and a decrease in the rate of survival without nodal recurrence (P=0.016). Conclusions: Knowing the status of lymphangiogenesis in the regional pN0 lymph nodes in tongue cancer would help in predicting which patients will develop nodal recurrence. The use of a therapeutic approach which blocks lymphangiogenic factors, such as VEGF-C and VEGF-D, may be beneficial in suppressing the lymphatic spread of tongue cancer with intense intranodal lymphangiogenesis. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 発行後1年より全文公開.

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系, We present the imaging and pathological features of a 38-year-old man in whom a large parapharyngeal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) on the left side was found. On MRI, the tumor showed a nodule-in-nodule appearance. The inner nodule revealed high signal intensities both on T1- and T2-weighted MR images. The entire tumor showed heterogeneous enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) identified heterogeneous radiotracer uptake of FDG in the inner nodule of the tumor. Histologic examinations revealed an admixture of growth patterns, including a "patternless pattern" and "haemangiopericytoma-like pattern". The tumor was positive for CD34. Imaging features of SFT arising in the parapharyngeal space are discussed with a review of literatures. This is the first report of FDG-PET finding of SFT arising in the head and neck. More cases are needed to achieve diagnostic significance from FDG-PET findings of parapharyngeal SFTs. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

プログラム生成系GeneSysは一階述語論理で記述された仕様からの実行可能なプログラム生成を目的とした手法である.本論文では,GeneSysで否定記号を含む論理式を扱うために既存の変換規則を拡張し,否定記号を用いた仕様からのプログラム生成の例を示す.また,否定記号に関連する変換規則などを新たに追加し,これによりプログラムの生成が可能になる例を示す., Program-Generation System GeneSys has been proposed, which generated executable programs from first order equational specifications without negation. In this paper, we extend conversion rules of GeneSys in order to handle formulas with negation, and show a program-generation example from a specification with negation. We also propose new conversion rules related to negation and give a example that indicates benefits of the new rules.

We have been studying methods of transmitting electronic-character information into braille to facilitate access for visually or both sight and hearing impaired persons. In this study, we devised new braille-transmission methods and experimented to evaluate the intelligibility of passive reception on a limited number of display devices. The 6-digit/character method, which distribute 6 points of braille to 6 corresponding fingers and stimulates each fingertip, produced a 90 percent or higher rate of recognition for the presented braille characters. On the basis of the evaluation result, a new method for presenting sequence of braille data was devised and teletext broadcasting braille-transmission equipment was developed.

The shot peening process is known to produce a hard layer, known as the white layer” on the surface of coil springs. However, little is known about the fatigue properties of this white-layer.In this study, coil springs with a white-layer were manufactured. The surface of these springs was then examined using micro Vickers hardness, FE-SEM etc. to test fatigue strength of the springs.From the results obtained, a microstructure of the white-layer with grain size of 50–100 nm was observed, with a Vickers hardness rating of 8–10 GPa.Tow category springs were manufactured utilizing a double-peening process. These springs had the same residual stress destruction and surface roughness. Only one difference was observed: one spring had a nanocrystalline layer on the surface, while the other did not. The results of the fatigue test realized an increase in the fatigue life of the nanocrystalline surface layer by 9%.

FBR安全性炉内試験計画(SERAPH計画)の検討は昭和62年後半から開始され、既に、その必要性、及び施設概念の検討結果に関して、原子力安全委員会、FBR安全研究専門委員会などへの報告を通して、内外の専門家から多くの意見や提案を得ている。これらの意見を踏まえて、これまでに、以下のような観点で試験の必要性及び施設概念の検討を行った。(1) SERAPH計画とその他の安全研究を全体的に統合することによって、SERAPH計画がFBRの実用化に対して果たし得る貢献の明確化を図る。(2)炉心損傷防止や影響緩和に関するサクセスシナリオを実証することによって実用化を促進するような安全研究の課題のうち、SERAPH計画に取り込むべきテーマを幅広く検討する。(3)個々の試験の内容や試験施設の仕様の妥当性、十分性を検討する。(4) SERAPH施設の成立性に係わる主要な要素技術について、それぞれが整合性を持つような概念を検討する。(5)各要素技術について、それぞれの性能向上を図ることにより、試験の要求条件を技術的に成立させる上での裕度を確保する一方、それらの性能を保証するための基礎的な研究の計画を具体化する。これまでの検討から、以下の結論が得られた。FBRの実用化段階において高水準の安全性を達成するために求められる安全確保の考え方と目標の設定を行った。その達成に必要な安全研究課題を摘出し、その研究手段のひとつとしてSERAPH計画を位置づけた。受動的安全特性を活用した炉心損傷への拡大防止,炉心損傷の早期終息、再臨界の排除等に重点を置いて幅広く試験の必要性の検討を行い、従来の検討成果を含め、全体的試験計画の形にまとめた。これらの試験研究、及び関連して進められるR\&Dなどから取得される知見を総合すれば、上で述べた実用炉における安全性の目標が達成できるものと期待できるが、その達成のためには、特に、本計画で提案した炉内試験計画の推進が不可欠である。施設検討においては、概念設計研究を通じて駆動炉心構成を改良することにより、各要素技術の整合性を考慮したリファレンス炉心の概念が得られた。提案された各試験テーマについて、それぞれの要求条件に対する充足度の評価を行い、施設概念の基本的成立性の見通しを得た。性能保証のための基盤技術開発の端緒として、燃料ペレットの試作を行い、その製造可能性について目途が得られた。, None

Azulene reacted with heterocumulenes in the presence of Lewis acid to give 1-substituted azulenes whereas 2-aminoazulenes reacted with heterocumulenes to give 2-(substituted amino)azulenes together with 1-substituted azulenes.