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Kronopolites swinhoei (Pocock, 1895) Figs 16, 17 Materials examined. 5 males and 7 females, China, Chongqing, Wuxi County, Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve, Hongqi, 31°30’25.43” N, 109°49’28.42” E, alt. 1166 m, 13 August 2022, X.K. Jiang & H.M. Chen leg; 13 males and 11 females, Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve, Linkouzi, 31°28’19.47” N, 109°52’58.34” E, alt. 1680 m, 16 August 2022, X.K. Jiang & H.M. Chen leg.; 6 males and 8 females, same locality, 17 August 2022, X.K. Jiang & H.M. Chen leg; 2 males and 4 females, Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve, Guanshan, Yanzi Cave, 31°28’52.67” N, 109°43’59.70” E, alt. 2230 m, 12 August 2022, X.K. Jiang & H.M. Chen leg; 1 female, Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve, Shizhuzi, 31°32’4.68” N, 109°42’16.26” E, alt. 2210 m, 11 August 2022, X.K. Jiang & H.M. Chen leg. Distribution. This species is widespread in central and southern China (Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Zhejiang) (Golovatch 2019). Remarks. The characters of the habitus and the gonopods of this species are shown in Figs 16–17., Published as part of Chen, Hui-Ming, Zheng, Chang-Bin & Jiang, Xuan-Kong, 2023, The millipedes (Diplopoda) in Yintiaoling National Natural Reserve, Southwest China, pp. 49-81 in Zootaxa 5257 (1) on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7765939, {"references":["Pocock, R. I. (1895) Report upon the Chilopoda and Diplopoda obtained by P. W. Bassett-Smith, Esq., Surgeon R. N., and J. J. Walker, Esq., R. N., during the cruise in the Chinese Seas of H. M. S. ' Penguin', Commander W. U. Moore commanding. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, 15 (88), 346 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508677895","Golovatch, S. I. (2019) On several new or poorly-known Oriental Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida), XXVI. Arthropoda Selecta, 28 (3), 347 - 367."]}

The millipede genus Kronopolites currently comprises 11 species, including a new species from northern Laos: Kronopolites lunatus sp. n. The generic diagnosis is updated, a key given to all known species, and their distributions are mapped.

Genus Kronopolites Attems, 1914 Type-species: Strongylosoma swinhoei Pocock, 1895, by monotypy., Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I. & Wesener, Thomas, 2016, A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4129 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/257571, {"references":["Attems, C. (1914) Die indo-australischen Myriopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80 A, 1 - 398.","Pocock, R. I. (1895) Descriptions of new genera of Zephroniidae, with brief preliminary diagnoses of some new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 16, 409 - 415."]}

Kronopolites occidentalis Golovatch, 1983 Kronopolites occidentalis Golovatch, 1983 c: 297 (D). India, Jammu & Kashmir. Kronopolites occidentalis ��� Golovatch, 1984: 328 (R); 1991: 865 (M); 2009 b: 121 (D); Golovatch & Martens, 1996: 170 (R); Bano, 1998 a: 89 (M); Nguyen & Sierwald, 2013: 1288 (M); Shelley, 2014: 3 (R); Likhitrakarn et al., 2015 a: 28, 31, 37 (M, D). Kronopeltis (sic!) occidentalis ���Bano, 1996 a: 76 (M)., Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I. & Wesener, Thomas, 2016, A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4129 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/257571, {"references":["Golovatch, S. I. (1983 c) Two Paradoxosomatidae from the Kashmir Himalayas (Diplopoda). Senckenbergiana biologica, 63 (3 / 4), 297 - 302. [for 1982]","Golovatch, S. I. (1984) Some new or less known Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) from India. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 30 (3 / 4), 327 - 352.","Golovatch, S. I. & Martens, J. (1996) On the distribution and faunogenesis of Himalayan millipedes (Diplopoda): Preliminary results. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 169, 163 - 174.","Bano, K. (1998 a) Distinguishing characteristics and systematic positions of the known Indian paradoxosomatid millipedes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Calcutta, 51 (1), 86 - 91.","Nguyen, D. A. & Sierwald, P. (2013) A worldwide catalogue of the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Check List, 9 (6), 1132 - 1353. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.15560 / 9.6.1132","Likhitrakarn, N., Golovatch, S. I. & Panha, S. (2015 a) Review of the millipede genus Kronopolites Attems, 1914 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with the description of a new species from Laos. ZooKeys, 472, 27 - 41. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 472.9001"]}

A phoslactomycin-producing actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-ML8T, was isolated from a millipede (Kronopolites svenhedind Verhoeff) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-ML8T belongs to the genus Streptomyces with the highest sequence similarities to Streptomyces lydicus NBRC 13058T (99.39 %) and Streptomyces chattanoogensis DSM 40002T (99.25 %). The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a distinct phyletic line with NBRC 13058T and S. chattanoogensis DSM 40002T. This branching pattern was also supported by the tree rconstructed with the neighbour-joining method. A combination of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments and phenotypic tests were carried out between strain NEAU-ML8T and its phylogenetically closely related strains, which further clarified their relatedness and demonstrated that NEAU-ML8T could be distinguished from NBRC 13058T and S. chattanoogensis DSM 40002T. Therefore, it is concluded that strain NEAU-ML8T can be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces kronopolitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-ML8T (=DSM 101986T=CGMCC 4.7323T).

Taxon classification Animalia Polydesmida Paradoxosomatidae Kronopolites occidentalis Golovatch, 1983 Kronopolites occidentalis Golovatch 1983b: 297 (D). Kronopolites occidentalis - Golovatch 1984: 328 (R); 2009: 121 (D); Nguyen and Sierwald 2013: 1288 (M); Shelley 2014: 3 (R). Remarks. This species was described from Pir Panjal Mountains, 2600 m a.s.l., Tangmarg, Jammu and Kashmir State, India (Golovatch 1983). New specimens were collected near the ruins of Pari Mahal Monastery, 1500 m a.s.l., Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir State, India (Golovatch 1984)., Published as part of Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I. & Panha, Somsak, 2015, Review of the millipede genus Kronopolites Attems, 1914 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with the description of a new species from Laos, pp. 27-41 in ZooKeys 472 on page 29, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.472.9001

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain NEAU-ML12(T), was isolated from a millipede (Kronopolites svenhedind Verhoeff), which was collected from Fenghuang Mountain in Wuchang, Heilongjiang Province, north China. The strain was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain NEAU-ML12(T) was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the members of the genus Rhodococcus. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that the strain NEAU-ML12(T) belongs to the genus Rhodococcus, and was most closely related to Rhodococcus tukisamuensis Mb8(T) (98.9 %) and Rhodococcus koreensis DNP505(T) (97.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences also demonstrated that strain NEAU-ML12(T) should be classified in the genus Rhodococcus, forming a distinct clade with R. tukisamuensis Mb8(T) supported by a 99 % bootstrap value. However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain NEAU-ML12(T) and R. tukisamuensis Mb8(T) was found to be 41.9 ± 0.7 %. Furthermore, strain NEAU-ML12(T) could also be differentiated from R. tukisamuensis Mb8(T) and other closely related strains (R. koreensis DNP505(T) and Rhodococcus maanshanensis M712(T)) by morphological and physiological characteristics. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-ML12(T) represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus kronopolitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-ML12(T) (=CGMCC 4.7145(T) = DSM 46702(T)).