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This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 Real-time PCR primer sequences of IL12p35, IL-23p19, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-17F.

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Purpose: To compare the effects of carbon beam irradiation with those of proton beam irradiation on the physiology of the retina of rats. Methods and Materials: Eight-week-old Wister rats were used. The right eyes were irradiated with carbon beam (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 Gy) or proton beam (4, 8, 16, and 24 Gy) with the rats under general anesthesia. Electroretino- grams were recorded 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the irradiation, and the amplitudes of the a and b waves were compared with those of control rats. Results: The amplitude of b waves was reduced more than that of a waves at lower irradiation doses with both types of irradiation. With carbon ion irradiation, the amplitudes of the b wave were significantly reduced after radiation doses of 8 and 16 Gy at 6 months and by radiation doses of 4, 8, and 16 Gy at 12 months. With proton beam irradiation, the b-wave amplitudes were significantly reduced after 16 and 24 Gy at 6 months and with doses of 8 Gy or greater at 12 months. For the maximum b-wave amplitude, a significant difference was observed in rats irradiated with carbon beams of 4 Gy or more and with proton beams of 8 Gy or more at 12 months after irradiation. Conclusions: These results indicate that carbon beam irradiation is about two times more damaging than proton beam irradiation on the rat retina at the same dose.

メルボルン大学, The University of Melbourne, 本稿では,英語を母語とする日本語学習者の漢字語と仮名語における学習ストラテジーの差異を明らかにするために行った実験を,語認識処理の観点から分析を試みた。その結果,英語話者学習者は,(1)漢字語でも仮名語でも,語を部分に分割して分析的に処理(分割分析処理)を行うが,漢字語のほうがその割合が多い,(2)漢字語と仮名語とでは,異なる処理経路で分割分析を行う,(3)漢字語でも仮名語でも,分析処理後に分析したものをより大きい意味概念の中で再構築することを示した。以上の結果は,基本的なアプローチは,第一言語の習得過程で身につけた語認識のスキルによって影響を受けるが,異なるタイプの文字に対しては,その文字の特質にあった語認識処理をすることを示唆している。, In this paper we attempted to analyze differences in the word recognition processes of Japanese words written in Kanji versus Kana among English native speakers, based on the results of an experiment investigating learning strategies. Results showed that 1) the English speaking learners segmented and analytically processed (segmental analysis processing) both the words written in Kanji and words written in Kana, but they used segmental analysis processing more on words written in Kanji, 2) the learners employed different processing codes for words written in Kanji from words written in Kana, 3) after the segmental analysis the learners reconstructed the words which they analyzed in terms of larger semantic concepts. These findings suggest that while there may have been some influence from the word recognition skills acquired in L1, the learners processed the different types of orthography differently., application/pdf