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This review provides an overview of use of natural fibers and potential use of rice straw fibers as reinforcement in composite. As it is known that after china, India is the second largest country in the world producing rice as food grains. As a result of producing more amount of rice a large amount of rice straw is left as a residue, some of which is used for fodder feeding and a large amount of which is just burned by the farmers .This burning off practice is very common in the country because it is the cheapest way in which farmers can rid of the waste material, It can be seen that every year our national capital gets into a cover of smog because of burning of parali (rice straw). Scientists have understood the potential of using rice straw natural fiber in place of wood fiber in various uses, hence many experimental labs and commercial research is being conducted in this field and a lot of startups are also being initiated on this. Various composites are being made and their properties are being tested in various parts of the world. These composites are mainly termed as green composites. These green composite have great potential in preventing our environment, giving sustainable replacement towards use of plastic, wood and all other materials in industrial use.

With advances in technology coupled with Industry 4.0, it has become a reality to provide real time information along with monitoring 3D printing process remotely. The unique benefits associated with additive manufacturing (AM) is its potential to produce complex-shaped personalized products with reduced material waste, fewer cost of manufacture, lesser consumption of energy during manufacturing, while allowing in producing the products on-demand. This paper covers the features of cloud-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) by describing about Sustainable Distributed Manufacturing, Automated Order-Processing, Smart resource efficiency improvement, Big data-driven, smart and sustainable manufacturing, resource sharing between different stakeholders, rapid product development with cloud-based AM Platform (CAMP) and cloud-based manufacturing process monitoring. The paper aims to study the recent advances that took place in cloud-based AM and enlist its salient features to help researchers and manufacturing industry adopt the same and get the basic information. Big data-driven, smart and sustainable manufacturing is the present need of manufacturing at its full potential with secure, real-time communication and intelligent process monitoring and diagnostics.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer exhibits early relapses, poor prognoses, and high recurrence rates. Herein, a JNK-targeting compound has been developed that may be of utility in HER2-positive mammary carcinoma. The design of a pyrimidine-and coumarin-linked structure targeting JNK was explored and the lead structure PC-12 [4-(3-((2-((4-chlorobenzyl)thio) pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)propoxy)-6-fluoro-2H-chromen-2-one (5d)] was observed to selectively inhibit the proliferation of HER2-positive BC cells. The compound PC-12 exerted DNA damage and induced apoptosis in HER-2 positive BC cells more significantly compared to HER-2 negative BC cells. PC-12 induced PARP cleavage and down-regulated the expression of IAP-1, BCL-2, SURVIVIN, and CYCLIN D1 in BC cells. In silico and theoretical calculations showed that PC-12 could interact with JNK, and in vitro studies demonstrated that it enhanced JNK phosphorylation through ROS generation. Overall, these findings will assist the discovery of new compounds targeting JNK for use in HER2-positive BC cells.

Higher order finite difference Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) schemes have been constructed for conservation laws. For multidimensional problems, they offer high order accuracy at a fraction of the cost of a finite volume WENO or DG scheme of comparable accuracy. This makes them quite attractive for several science and engineering applications. But, to the best of our knowledge, such schemes have not been extended to non-linear hyperbolic systems with non-conservative products. In this paper, we perform such an extension which improves the domain of applicability of such schemes. The extension is carried out by writing the scheme in fluctuation form. We use the HLLI Riemann solver of Dumbser and Balsara (2016) as a building block for carrying out this extension. Because of the use of an HLL building block, the resulting scheme has a proper supersonic limit. The use of anti-diffusive fluxes ensures that stationary discontinuities can be preserved by the scheme, thus expanding its domain of applicability. Our new finite difference WENO formulation uses the same WENO reconstruction that was used in classical versions, making it very easy for users to transition over to the present formulation. For conservation laws, the new finite difference WENO is shown to perform as well as the classical version of finite difference WENO, with two major advantages:- 1) It can capture jumps in stationary linearly degenerate wave families exactly. 2) It only requires the reconstruction to be applied once. Several examples from hyperbolic PDE systems with non-conservative products are shown which indicate that the scheme works and achieves its design order of accuracy for smooth multidimensional flows. Stringent Riemann ... *Abstract truncated, see PDF*, Accepted in Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation

This research paper aims to analyze and compare the consumer behavior of high school-going youth in rural and urban settings. The study recognizes that consumer behavior is influenced by various factors, including cultural, social, economic and environmental aspects. By examining the similarities and differences in consumer behavior between rural and urban areas, this research will provide valuable insights for marketeers, policymakers and businesses targeting the youth segment. The findings can be utilized to develop targeted marketing strategies and initiatives to meet the unique needs and preferences of this consumer group. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, High School Youth, Rural Setting, Youth in Urban Setting.

Cost-effectively extending access to core financial services for underserved communities is what we mean when we talk about "financial inclusion." Increased growth, less inequality, and less poverty are all outcomes of this facet of financial development. Financial exclusion may be a result of a number of factors, including but not limited to poor wages, the gender gap, lack of knowledge about disadvantaged groups, a lack of financial literacy, geographical isolation, and cultural obstacles. Along with numerous changes and the growth of the digital infrastructure, there have been gains in the level of inclusion, particularly during the last decade. Nonetheless, there are still matters that call for preventative steps on the part of the government. Keywords: Marginalised Groups, Inequality, Poverty, Gender Gap, Inclusiveness, Digital Infrastructure.

The automation has a vital role in making the execution faster with better efficiency. In airport luggage sorting system the automation can be very helpful in sorting and identifying the luggage economically at faster rate. The authors have tried to implement a novel technique not only in terms of applying the robotic system for sorting but also a new sorting technique implemented with robot. The techniques like radio frequency identification (RFID) detection-based sorting with robots have been a challenge to implement. Therefore, the proposed technique called as Voltage ID (VID) mapped based sorting can be easy to implent. The wide range of voltage IDs can be generated with respect to varying baggage weight on different cities conveyors at the airport. This developed system can be applied for 20 different cities without the use of additional board. The authors have tried to make the system flexible so that it can be implemented not only in airport industry but also in the bus industry and related industries where luggage handling is involved.

The change point estimation problem of a common change in sequence means for a very general sequence data structure is considered. The observations within each sequence are allowed to be generally dependent and non-stationary. The follow up period can be extremely short and the changepoint magnitudes may differ across the sequence accounting also for a specific situation that some magnitudes are equal to zero (thus, no jump is present in the sequence). We introduce Bayesian method for estimating the change point known as a Bayesian change point estimator using Natural Conjugate Inverted Gamma Prior and Squared Error Loss Function for Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution. Empirical properties of the proposed estimator are investigated through a simulation study through “R” software.

A virus spread from China to all around the world named COVID-19 has now become a demon. The fear of death can be easily seen in citizens of around 180 countries and fear to force us indoors. This is a demon of the twenty-first century; typically, this demon does not link with any of the evil, occultism, literature, fiction, mythology, and folklore. COVID-19 is a member of the coronavirus family and caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 was first identified in December 2019 at Wuhan, China. SARS virus is responsible for respiratory illness known as COVID-19. We have limited articles on COVID-19 with machine learning (ML) and AI. We do not have any antivirus medicine and other dataset that bring in mind about prediction, detection, and stage identification of COVID-19 in human bodies. Therefore, we decided to bring a machine learning-based technique with a list of datasets that will apply to coronavirus dataset for identification. It is believed that ML and artificial intelligence can help accelerate solutions for predicting the stage of infection. Data analysis presented in this paper helps in minimizing the virus impact with all the other research.

Aim: Pitting corrosion is a very serious problem for mild steel when it comes in contact with the dilute sulfuric acid medium. Specialized corrosion inhibitors are essentially required to minimize pitting and uniform types of corrosion in mild steel. Background: Most of the corrosion inhibitors discovered so far protects the mild steel from uniform type of corrosion. But pitting corrosion is more fatal than a uniform type of corrosion because it immediately makes mild steel unfit for use as leakage starts from the pit. Objective: The objective was to protect the mild steel alloys from pitting corrosion when comes in contact with dilute sulfuric acid by the use of organic corrosion inhibitor. Methods: Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) is tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.1 N H2SO4 as corroding medium at 25.0, 30.0 and 35.0°C by weight loss, electrochemical polarization, and Impedance spectroscopy methods. Surface study of corroded and un-corroded specimens of mild steel was carried out by Metallurgical Research Microscopy (MRM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. Results: Surface study confirms that the adsorption of CTAB takes place through nitrogen atom resulting in the formation of uniform, nonporous, passive film confirmed by decrease in Warburg Impedance (Zw), decrease in Faradaic current, increase in Capacitive current, an increase in charge transfer resistance, Rct (41 to 401 Ω cm2) and significant increase in capacitive loop in Nyquist plot with increase in concentration of CTAB which results in significant decrease in corrosion rate of mild steel in 0.1N H2SO4 medium (percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency: 95.0%) especially eradicating pitting type of corrosion. Conclusion: CTAB was proved to be a very good anti-pit agent for mild steel in 0.1N sulfuric acid medium. Pitting and uniform type of corrosion was significantly reduced by the use of CTAB as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in the dilute sulfuric acid medium at 25.0, 30.0 and 35.0°C.

Bioactive compounds are secondary metabolites synthesized by plants for maintaining homeostasis; however, they also modulate metabolic processes and demonstrate valuable effects in the human body. The fig was cherished as food and for its pharmaceutical properties. The presence of a wide range of biologically active compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and vitamin C is obligated for their functional properties as well as their technological capability as a dietary supplement is responsible for most health impacts. Owing to the rich and diversified composition of biologically active compounds these compounds possess different biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activity that implies those bioactive substances might be used in the creation of novel culinary and medicinal products. Fig fruit should be widely recognized as a natural functional product. This systematic and comprehensive review gives the notion of developing figs species as a viable and innovative component for its varied food and nonfood applications as a remarkable and primitive source of medication and nourishment.

Compared to centralized and decentralized models, distributed models have the potential to dramatically expand the scalability of existing IoT and Industry 4.0 solutions while maintaining participant organizations’ security and privacy. This is partly because participating firms are not required to rely on or trust other services or third parties to manage the data they gather and transfer, out of concern that these parties could misuse the data or, in the worst-case scenario, share it with mass surveillance programs. However, until blockchain technology (BCT) demonstrates its viability as a means of developing security solutions in decentralized, collaborative, and trustless environments, the vast majority of these use cases will struggle to meet the requirements for integrity, immutability, traceability, and notarization. By utilizing BCT, it is possible to eliminate intermediaries, enabling individuals and devices to manage their data independently of third parties and most significantly to achieve a high level of traceability with information flow harmony. This technology enables transaction, transparency, and traceability by enabling for the interchange of historical data. The fundamentals of blockchain are examined in this research paper, along with an investigation of its operation and a discussion of some of its most fundamental aspects and concepts. A concise overview of smart contracts enables us to completely reimagine how network members create and automate transactions. Finally, several IoT and Industry 4.0 application possibilities that leverage blockchain are investigated, as is the blockchain’s future trajectory.

Background: Due to newly emerging microbial infections and the development of resistance against cutting-edge therapeutics, innovative and robust medicinal agents are required. Small ring heterocycles, such as pyrazole and its derivatives have been acknowledged to possess myriad biological properties and the presence of pyrazole in clinics like celecoxib, phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), CDPPB (antipsychotic), rimonabant (anti-obesity), antipyrine, difenamizole (analgesic), fipronil (broad-spectrum insecticidal), betazole (H2-receptor agonist) and fezolamide (antidepressant) drugs has proven the pharmacological perspective of pyrazole nucleus. Objectives: The current review paper aimed at a recent update made on novel methodologies adopted in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives with the emphasis on antibacterial (DNA gyrase inhibition) and antifungal activities. Methods: Pyrazole is one of the major tools to be investigated in drug design and discovery. Many studies have been reported by researchers that have claimed the significant biological potential of these derivatives. However, numerous studies on pyrazoles compounds shown to exhibit potential antifungal and antibacterial activities, the focus has also been made on DNA gyrase inhibition. Additionally, some important patents granted to this heterocyclic nucleus related to antimicrobial potential are also addressed appropriately. Results: DNA gyrase is a promising biotarget yet to be explored against a number of medicinal agents. The present work provides valuable insight into synthetic methods and antibacterials/antifungal significance of pyrazoles in general as well as new inhibitors of DNA gyrase in particular. Conclusion: The manuscript constitutes a valuable reference which advocates candidature of pyrazoles as a potential therapeutic alternative as antibacterial and antifungal agent.

The 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a major source of disaster in the 21th century. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to identify major druggable targets in coronavirus (CoV). We searched PubMed and RCSB database with keywords HCoV, NCoV, corona virus, SERS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV, crystal structure, X-ray crystallography structure, NMR structure, target, and drug target till Feb 3, 2020. The search identified seven major targets (spike protein, envelop protein, membrane protein, protease, nucleocapsid protein, hemagglutinin esterase, and helicase) for which drug design can be considered. There are other 16 nonstructural proteins (NSPs), which can also be considered from the drug design perspective. The major structural proteins and NSPs may serve an important role from drug design perspectives. However, the occurrence of frequent recombination events is a major deterrent factor toward the development of CoV-specific vaccines/drugs.

In binary systems, the helium accretion onto carbon-oxygen (CO) white dwarfs (WDs) plays a vital role in many astrophysical scenarios, especially in supernovae type Ia. Moreover, ignition density for accretion rate $\dot{M} \lesssim 10^{-9} M_{\odot}$ $yr^{-1}$ in helium accreting CO white dwarfs decides the triggering mechanism of a supernova explosion which could be either off-centre helium flash or central carbon flash. We aim to study the accretion of helium with a slow accretion rate $5 \times 10^{-10} M_{\odot}$ $yr^{-1}$ onto relatively cool and hot white dwarfs of different abundances of carbon and oxygen. The simulation code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) has been used for our study. We analyze the variation in several properties like surface gravity (g), helium luminosity ($L_{He}$), and effective temperature ($T_{eff}$) during the accretion phase of the white dwarfs. We also calculate the ignition density (${\rho}_{He}$) and ignition temperature ($T_{He}$) of helium burning. As expected, the size of WD decreases and g increases during the accretion. However, a red-giant-like expansion is observed after the rapid ignition towards the end. The dependence of helium accreting WD evolution on its composition has also been explored in this study. We find that white dwarfs of the lower abundance of carbon accrete slightly longer before the onset of helium ignition., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures

Designers and artists world-wide rely on vector graphics to design and edit 2D artwork, illustrations and typographic content. There is a recent trend of vector graphic applications moving to mobile platforms such as iPads, iPhone and mobile phones and with that there is new interest in optimised techniques of rendering vector graphics on these devices. These vector applications are not read only but also requires real time vector editing experience. Our solution builds upon standard 'stencil then cover' paradigm and develops an algorithm targeted for GPUs based on tile based deferred rendering architecture. Our technique provides an efficient way to use signed distance based anti-aliasing techniques with 'stencil then cover' paradigm by employing a state machine during the fragment shader stage of graphics pipeline., Eurographics 2021 - Posters, Posters, 1, 2, Harish Kumar and Anmol Sud, CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies --> Antialiasing; Rasterization

The 3$d$-5$d$ based double perovskites offer an ideal playground to study the interplay between electron correlation ($U$) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect, showing exotic physics. The Sr$_2$FeIrO$_6$ is an interesting member in this family with ionic distribution of Fe$^{3+}$ (3$d^5$) and Ir$^{5+}$ (5$d^4$) where the later is believed to be nonmagnetic under the picture of strong SOC. Here, we report detailed investigation of structural, magnetic and electronic transport properties along with electronic structure calculations in (Sr$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$)$_2$FeIrO$_6$ series with $x$ from 0 to 1. While the basic interactions such as, $U$ and SOC are unlikely to be modified but a structural modification is expected due to ionic size difference between Sr$^{2+}$ and Ca$^{2+}$ which would influence other properties such as crystal field effect and band widths. While a nonmonotonic changes in lattice parameters are observed across the series, the spectroscopic investigations reveal that 3+/5+ charge state of Fe/Ir continue till end of the series. An analysis of magnetic data suggests similar nonmonotonic evolution of magnetic parameters with doping. Temperature dependent crystal structure as well as low temperature (5 K) magnetic structure have been determined from neutron powder diffraction measurements. The whole series shows insulating behavior. The electronic structure calculations show, SOC enhanced, a noncollinear antiferromagnetic and Mott-type insulating state is the stable ground state for present series with a substantial amount of orbital moment, but less than the spin magnetic moment, at the Ir site and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The obtained results imply that the Ca$^{2+}$ has large influence on the magnetic and transport properties, further showing a large agreement between experimental results as well as theoretical calculations., Accepted in Phys. Rev. B, 19 pages, 18 figures

The $f$-$d$ magnetic exchange interaction is considered to be a key ingredient for many exotic topological phases in pyrochlore iridates. Here, we have investigated the evolution of structural, magnetic and electronic properties in doped pyrochlore iridate, (Y$_{1-x}$Pr$_x$)$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$. Apart from geometrical frustration, pyrochlore iridates are well known for its active spin-orbit coupling effect. The substitution of Pr$^{3+}$ (4$f^2$) for the nonmagnetic Y$^{3+}$ (4$d^0$) acts as a magnetic doping, which provides an ideal platform to study $f$-$d$ exchange interaction without altering the Ir-sublattice. With Pr substitution, system retains its original cubic structural symmetry but the local structural parameters show an evolution with the doping concentration $x$. The robust magnetic-insulating state in Y$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ is drastically weakened, while Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ ($x$ = 1.0) shows a paramagnetic-metallic behavior. A metal-insulator transition is observed for $x$ = 0.8 sample. This evolution of magnetic and electronic properties are believed to be induced by an exchange interaction between localized Pr-4$f$ and itinerant Ir-5$d$ electrons as well as by an increased hybridization between Ir-$t_{2g}$ and (basal) O-$p$ orbitals as observed in XAS study. The resistivity in insulating materials follows a power-law behavior with a decreasing exponent with $x$. A negative magnetoresistance is observed for present series of samples at low temperature and where the magnetoresistance shows a quadratic field dependence at higher fields., Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. B, 10 pages, 10 figures

Introduction. Charcot arthropathy (CA) is non-infective, chronic destructive condition affecting the pes architecture of long standing diabetic patients with neuropathy. Even though several theories have emerged to disclose its pathogenesis, inflammatory cytokine induced osteoclastogenesis stands as the chief culprit. Studies on micro-architecture of foot bones of acute stage CA patients, describes mainly destructive phase of bone remodelling. Increased osteoclast cell activity is reported in all studies communicated. No study has to the best of our knowledge detailed the microscopic structure of chronic stage CA foot bones. Aim. To study the microscopic structure of foot bones in patients with chronic CA. Materials and methods. Foot bones were collected from the feet of chronic CA patients (six in number) who underwent corrective foot surgery in the department of Podiatric Surgery of a tertiary care hospital. Control samples were collected from the feet of age matched non-diabetic controls (2 in number). The samples were fixed in formalin, decalcified in 10% nitric acid, processed, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histopathology and histomorphometry analysis were performed by two different pathologists. Results. Trabeculae of chronic CA foot bones exhibited mainly a lamellar architecture, with reduced number of osteocytes and plenty of empty lacunae. Trabecular connectivity was lost and trabeculae showed considerable thinning. Trabecular osteoids lined by active osteoblast cells was a remarkable observation. Bone area was also considerably reduced in chronic CA foot bones. Conclusion. Chronic stage CA foot bones presented features of both healing and fragile bone. The compromised bone quality may be due to thin and fragmented trabecular structure and reduced cellularity.

Background/Objectives: Non-traditional machining is nowadays widely used in industrial as well as research areas to increase both machining accuracy as well as machining efficiency. Non-traditional methods of machining are well known for machining hard fragile materials having complex shapes and complex mechanical properties. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: With regard to the machining of such materials the review paper has been presented including chemical machining techniques used by the researchers to achieve the higher machining efficiency and better removal rate. Findings: To bring such materials under industrial use number of machining techniques falling under the category of non-traditional machining is implemented. One of the oldest such technique is chemical machining or chemically assisted machining which include a chemical reaction for oxidizing the material surface which makes material removal easier. Improvements/Applications: This paper presents the effects of chemical machining on surface roughness and material removal which may be further used by the researchers and industrial applications too. Keywords: Chemical-Mechanical Polishing, ECM, EMM, EMAF, EPP, MEAPS, MFGA, UAMAF

Background/Objectives: With innovative advancements in manufacturing industry, hard and intense materials are being created. Inconel 625 is one such material, which is a nickel based super alloy having high temperature applications. Due to its materialistic properties, Inconel 625 is difficult to machine. In the present research work, magnetic abrasive finishing process has been utilized to finish inconel 625 flat surfaces. Experiments are designed and performed to finish Inconel 625 by using magnetic abrasive finishing process. Three important process parameters i.e. processing time, weight %age of abrasive and pole rotational speed are selected to perform the experiment and effects of these parameters on material removal are analyzed. Methods/Statistical analysis: An ANOVA has been used to analyze the results and graphs to show effects of input parameters on material removal are generated using design expert software. Findings: Experimental study indicates that all the selected input parameters have significant impact on the material removal. Applications: Inconel 625 flat surface successfully finished using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing. Keywords: Ferro-Magnetic Abrasive Particles, Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF), Inconel 625, Material Removal

Background/Objectives: With latest innovations and advancements in material sciences and technology, new materials are being introduced to meet industrial requirements. One of such material is Inconel 718 which possesses high hardness, high melting point and finds wide industrial applications. Due to its materialistic properties, Inconel 718 is difficult to machine by conventional methods. As compared to conventional machining/finishing process, better results can be obtained with non-conventional machining/finishing processes. In present research work, flat Inconel718 surface is machined with a combination of two non-conventional machining/finishing processes: Chemical Machining and Magnetic Abrasive Finishing process. An experimental setup was arranged and investigations were conducted to analyze the effect of chemically assisted magnetic abrasive finishing on material removal rate from Inconel 718 surface using multipole magnetic tool. Three process parameters: Processing time, weight percentage of abrasives and concentration of etchant (FeCl3 ) and their range have been selected. These process parameters and their effects on material removal have been studied and analyzed. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: The experimental planning using various ranges of parameters and their randomized order was prepared using Design Expert software. The results were modulated and concluded by converting the output response i.e., Material removal into graphs using Design expert software. Findings: The effects of varying parameters such as processing time, Wt. % of abrasives and concentration of FeCl3 (etchant) on the material removal rate have been investigated. Improvements/ Applications: Chemically Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing successfully machined Inocnel 718 surface with better efficiency and good surface finish. Significant effect of parametric investigations was observed on Inconel 718. Keywords: Chemically Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (CAMAF), Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF), Multipole Magnetic Tool, Material Removal

Summary One of the striking aspects of stem cells is their ability to self-renew to maintain the adequate pool over extended periods and differentiate into distinct cell types on demand to sustain the tissue growth and repair by supplying new cells. Arabidopsis plant harbors pluripotent stem cells in the central zone (CZ) of the shoot apex. The daughters of these cells upon cell division move towards the peripheral zone (PZ). At the flanks of the meristem, they form lateral organs. Cells that get displaced underneath CZ become part of the rib-meristem (RM). RM gives rise to stem tissue and vascular cell types in higher plants. Despite the three decades of genetic research work, our understanding of how stem cells differentiate into PZ and RM cell types is inadequate. Here, we show that locally produced auxin in combination with transportis essential for stem cell differentiation and organogenesis in the shoot apex. WUSCHEL, a homeodomain transcription factor, negatively regulates auxin biosynthesis in the stem cell niche to maintain the long-term pluripotency of shoot stem cells. Our findings reveal the role of local auxin biosynthesis in stem cell differentiation and how WUSCHEL regulates auxin signaling to promote stem cell fate in the shoot apex.

Aims: Available literature on the prevalence of Charcot arthropathy (CA) represents mainly Western population. No study has been reported from India so far. Hence we attempted to study the prevalence of CA in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe peripheral neuropathy (T2DMPN), belonging to Indian population amongst whom type 2 diabetes is on the rise in alarming proportions. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 3387 patients who performed an objective vibration perception threshold test during the year 2015 were screened for T2DMPN. Out of these, 1475 T2DMPN patients above 50 years were selected and analyzed in detail for CA. CA was diagnosed based on clinical features and/or radiological investigations. The anatomical localization of the disease distribution of the affected foot was done according to Brodsky's classification. Results: The prevalence of CA in T2DMPN patients was found to be 9.8%. The mean age of patients diagnosed with CA was 63 ± 8.36 years, and mean duration of DM for CA to develop was 18.01 ± 8.23 years. About 62.5% of the patients were male and 37.5% female. Bilateral presentation of CA was observed in 20.8% of patients. Multiple sites of the foot were affected in 48.6% of patients and belonged to type 4 classification of Brodsky. Conclusions: A high prevalence of CA (9.8%) was observed in the present study conducted on T2DMPN patients who presented to the endocrinology department of a tertiary care South Indian hospital. In the majority of patients, the area of foot affected belonged to type 4 classification of Brodsky.

Temperature dependent Raman scattering measurements have been performed to explore unusual coupling between magnetism and crystal structure in doped pyrochlore iridate Y$_2$(Ir$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_2$O$_7$ with $x$ = 0.0, 0.05 and 0.2. The parent Y$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ shows an onset of magnetic ordering around $\sim$ 160 K ($T_{N}$) which monotonically decreases with Ru doping. Further, magnetic moment also decreases with progressive substitution of Ru. Substitution of Ru$^{4+}$ (4$d^4$) for Ir$^{4+}$ (5$d^5$) does not introduce significant modification in structural parameters, however, the magnetic transition temperature decreases systematically with doping. Raman scattering data show an anomalous change in $A_{1g}$ and $P_3$ Raman mode frequency and line-width across $T_{N}$ of individual samples. We further show that the shifting of Raman mode frequency with temperature exhibits a strong deviation from anharmonic decay around and below the $T_{N}$ of respective samples which underlines a spin-phonon coupling in these materials., Comment: To appear in JMMM, 10 pages, 9 figures

In this article, we present entropy stable discontinuous Galerkin numerical schemes for equations of special relativistic hydrodynamics with the ideal equation of state. The numerical schemes use the summation by parts (SBP) property of Gauss-Lobatto quadrature rules. To achieve entropy stability for the scheme, we use two-point entropy conservative numerical flux inside the cells and a suitable entropy stable numerical flux at the cell interfaces. The resulting semi-discrete scheme is then shown to entropy stable. Time discretization is performed using SSP Runge-Kutta methods. Several numerical test cases are presented to validate the accuracy and stability of the proposed schemes.

In the domain of algorithmic music composition, machine learning-driven systems eliminate the need for carefully hand-crafting rules for composition. In particular, the capability of recurrent neural networks to learn complex temporal patterns lends itself well to the musical domain. Promising results have been observed across a number of recent attempts at music composition using deep RNNs. These approaches generally aim at first training neural networks to reproduce subsequences drawn from existing songs. Subsequently, they are used to compose music either at the audio sample-level or at the note-level. We designed a representation that divides polyphonic music into a small number of monophonic streams. This representation greatly reduces the complexity of the problem and eliminates an exponential number of probably poor compositions. On top of our LSTM neural network that learnt musical sequences in this representation, we built an RL agent that learnt to find combinations of songs whose joint dominance produced pleasant compositions. We present Amadeus, an algorithmic music composition system that composes music that consists of intricate melodies, basic chords, and even occasional contrapuntal sequences.

Pineapple has a great utility for healthy life of human beings. In export oriented fruit utilization its product has been found remunerative. Pomace content in pineapple has a quality and quantity for fibre production. Physico-chemical quality was found useful in analysis factors. Quality parameters were found in variable quantity content. These were found as protein, fat, carbohydrates, pH, acidity etc. in fruits and pomace of pineapple. Pineapple fibre is an important byproduct which has considerable useful quality in dietary system of human being.

Presents investigations revealed the physical and chemical attributes for qualities and pomace in fruits of guava cultures (I-VII). Physical parameters revealed variations in contents of different characters. Guava fruits pomace have waste material revealed to give its fibre as a useful material. It was found that waste material in considerable quantity will give profitable fibre along with the other valuable stems.

Supportof mobility is catalyst factor for use of wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Theyare intended to replace wired backbone for making communication truly wireless.With growing interest in WMNs, it can play significant contribution inachieving objective of energy efficient communication. With need of meetingacceptable qualities, networks are planned to support peak traffic demands. Butduring low traffic periods many of resources are not utilized up to their fullcapacity. A genetic algorithm based traffic consolidation approach has beendesigned for WMN. Given traffic demands redundant nodes are identified andallowed to sleep to minimize energy consumption. Tradeoff in saving byswitching off underutilized nodes and transmission or reception energy has beenconsidered. Results prove that significant energy can be saved by trafficconsolidation.

`Galaxy groups' have hardly been realized as a separate class of objects with specific characteristics in the structural hierarchy of the universe. The presumption that the self-similarity of dark matter structures is a valid prescription for the baryonic universe also at all scales has rendered smaller structures undetectable by current observational facilities, leading to lesser dedicated studies on them. Some recent reports on deviation of $\rm{L_x}$-T scaling in groups from that of clusters have motivated us to study their physical properties in depth. In this article, we report the extensive study on physical properties of groups in comparison with clusters through cosmological hydrodynamic plus N-body simulations using ENZO 2.2 code. We have included cooling and heating physics and star formation feedback in the simulation. And produced a mock sample of 362 objects with mass ranging from $5\times10^{12}\; \rm{M_{\odot}}$ to 2.5$\times 10^{15}\; \rm{M_{\odot}}$. Strikingly, we have found that objects with a mass below $\sim$ $8\times 10^{13}\;\rm{M_{\odot}}$ do not follow any of the cluster self-similar laws in hydrostatics, not even in thermal and non-thermal regimes. Two distinct scaling laws are observed to be followed with breaks at $\sim$ $6-8\times 10^{13}\;\rm{M_{\odot}}$ for mass, $\sim$1 keV for temperature and $\sim$1 Mpc for radius. This places groups as a distinct entity in the hierarchical structures, well demarcated from clusters. This study reveals that groups are mostly far away from virialization, suggesting the need for formulating new models for deciphering their physical parameters. They are also shown to have high turbulence and more non-thermal energy stored, indicating better visibility in the non-thermal regime.

Uterine sarcomas accounts for about 3% of all uterine cancer. Cutaneous and bony metastasis is extremely rare in uterine leiomyosarcomas. Bony metastasis to fibula from endometrial carcinomas is very rare and very few case reports have been documented with axial skeletal and cutaneous metastasis from uterine leiomyosarcoma. We hereby reports a rare case of metastasis to the fibula and soft tissue, which occurred in less than six months after uterine leiomyosarcoma diagnosis and its treatment, demonstrating the ability of this tumour to metastasize to both bone and soft tissue.

The interplay between spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and electron correlation ($U$) is considered for many exotic phenomena in iridium oxides. We have investigated the evolution of structural, magnetic and electronic properties in pyrochlore iridate Y$_2$Ir$_{2-x}$Ru$_{x}$O$_7$ where the substitution of Ru has been aimed to tune this interplay. The Ru substitution does not introduce any structural phase transition, however, we do observe an evolution of lattice parameters with the doping level $x$. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) study indicates Ru adopts charge state of Ru$^{4+}$ and replaces the Ir$^{4+}$ accordingly. Magnetization data reveal both the onset of magnetic irreversibility and the magnetic moment decreases with progressive substitution of Ru. These materials show non-equilibrium low temperature magnetic state as revealed by magnetic relaxation data. Interestingly, we find magnetic relaxation rate increases with substitution of Ru. The electrical resistivity shows an insulating behavior in whole temperature range, however, resistivity decreases with substitution of Ru. Nature of electronic conduction has been found to follow power-law behavior for all the materials., To appear in Phys. Rev. B

In this article, we present positivity preserving second-order numerical schemes to approximate Ten-Moment Gaussian closure equations with source terms. The challenge here is to preserve the positivity of the density and the symmetric pressure tensor. We propose MUSCL type numerical schemes to overcome these difficulties. The principal components of the proposed schemes are a Strang splitting of the source terms, positivity preserving first order scheme and suitable linear reconstruction process which ensures the positivity of the reconstructed variables. To achieve positivity of reconstructed variables, we impose the additional restrictions on the slopes of the linear reconstructions. Additionally, the source is discretized using both explicit and implicit methods. In the case of explicit source discretization, we derive the appropriate condition on the time step for discretization to be positivity preserving. Implicit discretization of the source terms is shown to be unconditionally positivity preserving. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the superior robustness and stability of the proposed numerical schemes.

In this article, we present positivity preserving second-order numerical schemes to approximate Ten-Moment Gaussian closure equations with source terms. The challenge here is to preserve the positivity of the density and the symmetric pressure tensor. We propose MUSCL type numerical schemes to overcome these difficulties. The principal components of the proposed schemes are a Strang splitting of the source terms, positivity preserving first order scheme and suitable linear reconstruction process which ensures the positivity of the reconstructed variables. To achieve positivity of reconstructed variables, we impose the additional restrictions on the slopes of the linear reconstructions. Additionally, the source is discretized using both explicit and implicit methods. In the case of explicit source discretization, we derive the appropriate condition on the time step for discretization to be positivity preserving. Implicit discretization of the source terms is shown to be unconditionally positivity preserving. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the superior robustness and stability of the proposed numerical schemes.

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) can provide high bandwidth Internet access to end users. With increasing interest in WMN, energy conservation is a key parameter for green and cost effective communication. As energy efficiency has not been given due consideration in WMN by researchers. This research presents an energy efficient routing metric by considering energy due to transmission, reception, retransmission, overhearing and queue stability. Results in terms of throughput and energy consumption have been compared with that of standardization arena i.e. airtime link metric.

Harish Kumar, Rani Neelam Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India Abstract: In recent years, food storage environment safety has been a major concern for food and health scientists. There is growing interest in electrochemical biosensors due to their high sensitivity and rapid response. The aim of this review article is to provide details regarding the development of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors, and their use in the detection of a range of chemical and biological compounds in the food industry. We have focused on the basic principle, generation, classification, and application of electrochemical biosensors for food safety. Keywords: electrochemical biosensor, bioreceptor, transducer, food-borne pathogens