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Aim Aim of our study is to highlight the incidence and benign nature of Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath and need for complete removal, thus minimizing the chances of recurrence. Material and methods A total of 26 cases of Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath operated in the department of Orthopaedics, Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna from 2003 to 2010 were included in this study. The surgery was performed after clinical evaluation of the lesion and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). The tumour underwent en bloc marginal excision. The patients were followed up for minimum two year. Results Our study population consisted of 18 females and 8 males. The mean age at the time of surgery was 38.3 years (range, 18–62 years). Twenty three cases were found in the 3rd and 4th decade. Twenty two cases involved upper extremity and only 4 cases in lower extremity. MRI was done in 2 cases where diagnosis was in doubt. Bony indentation on X-ray film was found in 7 cases and thorough curettage of cortical shell was done. All the cases were treated by marginal excision. Three cases developed post-operative stiffness but regained full range of movement with physiotherapy. Sensory impairment was seen in 3 cases. Recurrence occurred in 2 case and they were treated by repeat marginal excision. Conclusion Meticulous en-masse marginal excision of the giant cell tumour of tendon sheath in blood less field using magnification is the treatment of choice.

Objectives To evaluate the clinical and functional results of closed fixation of humeral diaphysial fractures using Ender nails. Material and methods This was an observational study conducted between January 2008 and September 2014 in which 46 cases of humeral diaphyseal fractures were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with Enders nails. Clinical follow up evaluation was done and Serial radiographs were taken to look for the time taken for the fracture union and the fracture alignment, positioning and migration of the nails if any. Results Average blood loss during the surgery was 30 ml while average radiation exposure time was 1 min. Fracture united in mean 12.8 weeks (range 12-28 weeks). Primary union was achieved in 40 cases, whereas 6 had delayed union at 24 weeks for which autogenous bone grafting was done. Proximal migration of nails occurred in 6 cases and 3 cases had superficial stitch infection. Full range of shoulder and elbow movement was achieved in 40 cases within 24 weeks. In rest of the cases, there was limitation of abduction (average 75°, Range 65° to 85°). Conclusion Ender nailing for fracture shaft of humerus is a cost effective, time saving, minimally invasive technique with minimal blood loss. It has many benefits, with good results attainable and comparable with those seen with conservative modalities and other surgical modalities making it a viable option.

Vedic mathematics consists of 16 formulas. Calanakalanabhyam is a Sanskrit word meaning “Sequential motion”. Using this Vedic technique, we will find the roots of the equation in few seconds. We have tried to make an energy efficient Calanakalanabhyam Vedic formula based root finder with 4 inputs and 2 outputs. We have taken different SSTL Input/Output Standards and have done Study of Power by varying frequencies. SSTL Input/Output Standards used in this paper are SSTL15, SSTL18_II, SSTL135, SSTL12, SSTL18_I. The code has been implemented on 28nm FPGA platform, XC7K160T device, FBG676 package and -3 speed grade. With our proposed technique, we have 41-60% achieved reduction in total consumption of power with frequency scaling.

The paper proposes a new lightweight encryption design DoT which supports block length of 64 bits with a key size of 80/128 bits. DoT is the 31-round substitution and permutation-based network. Hardware and software parameters are the main key focused for designing the DoT cipher, and DoT cipher shows the good performance on both hardware and software. The metrics which makes the DoT efficient as compared to other lightweight ciphers are memory size, Gate Equivalent (GEs) and throughput. DoT cipher design results in only 2464 bytes of flash memory, and it needs only 993 GEs for its hardware implementation. While considering the speed of the DoT cipher with block input of 64 bit, it gives 54 Kbps which is very much greater than other existing ciphers. DoT design consists of a single S-box, few shift operators and a couple of XOR gates. We believe that DoT is the compact and smallest cipher till date for GEs, memory requirement and execution time.

This paper aims at highlighting improved correlation between objective and subjective speech quality assessment using single ended signal based model. A combination of features like the zero crossing rate, the energy obtained from T eager-Kaiser energy computation, the signal coverage from the Hilbert Transform in form of cepstral coefficients are obtained from the speech signal and compared to classical Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. Gaussian Mixture Model is used for exploring the features. The correlation between objective and subject MOS on ITU-T P. Supplement 23 database helps in identifying a better technique for quality assessment.

Purpose. To review 10 children with calcaneal tuberculosis in terms of presentation, healing, and functional outcome. Methods. Medical records of 7 boys and 3 girls aged 7 to 12 (mean, 9.8) years who presented with calcaneal tuberculosis were reviewed. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate of all patients was elevated. All patients presented with pain and swelling around the lateral malleolus and a ‘heal-up’ sign; 7 of them presented with an additional discharging sinus. Three patients had palpable lymph nodes in the right inguinal or left popliteal region. Symptoms had lasted for one month to 1.5 years. Two patients had healed tuberculosis in the lungs; 8 patients had no pulmonary involvement. Seven patients had a single lytic lesion in the calcaneal body (n=1), tuberosity (n=3), and extension to anterior process (n=3). Three patients had multiple lytic lesions in the calcaneum; one of them had bilateral involvement who had lesions in the phalanges, lumbar spine, and ulna. Two patients had subtalar joint involvement. Results. The mean follow-up period was 17 (range, 8–60) months. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate returned to normal after 3 months in 7 patients and after >6 months in 3 patients. The subtalar range of movement was normal in all except for 2 patients. One patient developed subtalar ankylosis. Sinuses healed in a mean of 10 (range, 2–16) weeks. No patient had pain on level walking after treatment. At 3 months, remineralisation of bone was evident in all patients. Sclerosis of cavity margins and sequestra resorption was noted from 6 to 9 months. No patient experienced recurrence. Conclusion. The ‘heel up’ sign was common in children with calcaneal tuberculosis in this endemic region. The central granuloma-type presentation was the most common. Pathological fractures and involvement of the subtalar joint were not common. Subtalar joint involvement was a poor prognostic factor.

Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) L. belongs to family Lamiaceae which comprises the most employed medicinal plants as a worldwide source of spices and also as a consolidated source of extracts. The phytochemical constituents of sweet basil essential oil have been investigated for several therapeutic importance from many regions of the world. They include terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponin glycosides and ascorbic acid. These compounds have been reported to exhibit antibacterial and antifungal, antidyspepsia, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiulcer, antiviral, insecticidal, wound-healing etc. activities. The plant parts of O. basilicum have been widely used in preparation traditional medicine. The plants also been used as a folk remedy to treat various ailments such as feverish illness, poor digestion, nausea, abdominal cramps, gastro-enteritis, migraine, insomnia, depression, gonorrhea, dysentery etc. Externally, they have been applied for the treatment of acne, loss of smell, insect stings, snake bites and skin infections. The present review is aimed to cover the pharmacological investigations on this important medicinal herb. Key Words: Ocimum basilicum, phytochemical constituents, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, insecticidal

This paper aims to bring in light non-intrusive speech quality assessment using Teager-Kaiser energy computation. Based on the above mentioned energy computation technique, Features in the form of cepstral coefficient are calculated and thereby, compared to the classical Mel-frequency cepstral co-efficient. The energy computation technique is vividly used in automatic speech recognition area. The Gaussian Mixture Model is used for finding the respective Features and hence correlation between the subjective and objective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is found. Its performance is evaluated on ITU-T Supplement-23 database.

In this paper, we have presented a new lightweight, low power block cipher “LiCi”. The cipher LiCi has Feistel based network which operates on 64 bits plain text and with the help of 128 bits key length it generates 64 bits cipher text. This cipher design shows good performance both on hardware as well as on software platforms. As compared to the existing cipher it requires less footprint area that consumes only 1153 GE's (Gate Equivalents) and has less memory requirements. It also consumes only 30mW which is less power as compared to the other existing ciphers. LiCi cipher needs only 1944 bytes of Flash memory which is very less memory size till date. In this paper, we proposed the security analysis as well as performance parameter of the LiCi. The LiCi cipher resists the linear and differential attack. It also shows the good resistance against the advanced attack like Biclique and Zero correlation. This cipher is well suited for application where small footprint area and low power dissipation are important design metrics.

Our study retrospectively reviewed the presentation, healing response, and functional results of eight cases of unilateral knee tuberculosis in children. The patients were evaluated for pain, instability, deformity, range of motion, and limb length discrepancy. Seven cases presented radiologically with Kerri and Martini’s stage 1 or 2 and one in stage 4. Epiphyseal involvement was present in five cases. At final follow-up, all the knees were painless and stable. A full range of motion was recovered in the early stages. Limb length discrepancy was seen in six cases. Radiologically, despite clinical healing, the lytic lesions persisted for longer. Joint space was not reduced in seven cases at the initial presentation which was maintained following treatment. In the early stages, multidrug chemotherapy alone is sufficient and joints should be mobilized early in order to prevent stiffness. The lytic epiphyseal and metaphyseal cavities may persist for several months even after successful treatment. Limb length discrepancy is a common complication of knee tuberculosis in children.

A linear constricting scar around the wrist in the presence of a discharging sinus raises clinical suspicion of a forgotten band around the wrist. A 3-year-old girl presented with an encircling scar, swelling and discharging sinus over the right wrist since last three months. There were no trophic ulcers and gross sensations were intact. Wrist radiographs showed the "constriction" sign in the radial epiphysis. MRI confirmed the diagnosis of encircling band inside wrist abutting the bone. A coloured rubber band was surgically extracted lying deep to restored and continuous tendons and neurovascular structures. Wound healing was uneventful. Examination at 14 months revealed residual ulnar nerve palsy. If aware, the clinical diagnosis is fairly accurate in rubber band syndrome. MRI aids in establishing diagnosis preoperatively. The reparative potential of a child's tissues is amazing. Although the lesion heals well after extraction of encircling band, the clinician should be wary of residual neurological changes.

Introduction: Many types of osteotomy have been proposed for the treatment of cubitus varus and valgus deformity. All these osteotomies have their advantages and disadvantages; however, till date there is no uniform consensus as to which osteotomy is the best suited for correction of these deformities. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the results of step-cut translation osteotomy in the management of cubitus varus and cubitus valgus deformity. This study includes 27 cases of cubitus varus and five cases of cubitus valgus deformity that underwent supracondylar step-cut translation osteotomy with Y-plate fixation for correction of the deformity. Results: The results were evaluated according to the modified criteria of Oppenheim et al. There were 25 excellent, six good, and one poor result. Overall, complication rate in our series was 12.5% (4/32). There was no recurrence of deformity in the available follow-up. Conclusions: Step-cut translation osteotomy is a relatively simple procedure that corrects cubitus varus and valgus deformities without any prominence of the medial or lateral condyle. Moreover, a wide osteotomy surface and rigid fixation allows early mobilization of the joint with good clinical results.

Introduction: We report the presentation, management, and outcome in five children with osteoarticular tuberculosis of distal radius. Patients: Patients were recruited in a prospective study. All patients underwent an open biopsy, curettage and diagnosis confirmed by histopathological/microbiological examination. In cavitary lytic lesions, bone grafting was also undertaken. The multidrug anti-tubercular chemotherapy was given for one year. Observations: Five patients were included in the study. The average follow-up post-completion chemotherapy was 34.8 months. Bony lesions presented as a poorly defined radiolucent lytic area in metaphysis, cavitary lytic lesions with or without sequestrum or spanned the physeal plate. At final follow-up, except for one case, a full pain free range of movements was achieved in all cases. Fibular graft was used in two cases with cavitary lesions and incorporated well in both cases. Conclusions: Tuberculosis can involve the adjacent physis and can be multifocal. The presentation is usually lytic with minimal sclerosis. For smaller ill defined lesions, curettage and multidrug anti-tubercular chemotherapy results in excellent outcome. Cavitary lytic lesions should be bone grafted as there is a risk of pathological fractures.

Trench foot is a relatively rare condition in tropical countries. We present here a case report of trench foot in a child who was put on hip spica for her hip ailment. Although rare, awareness on the part of the clinician can prevent this potentially serious condition and early diagnosis and treatment can prevent further consequences.