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Orchid flower as ornamental plants with a variety of types where one type of orchid has various characteristics in the form of different shapes and colors. Here, we chosen support vector machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes, and k-nearest neighbor algorithm which generates text input. This system aims to assist the community in recognizing orchid plants based on their type. We used more than 2250 and 1500 images for training and testing respectively which consists of 15 types. Testing result shown impact analysis of comparison of three supervised algorithm using extraction or not and several variety distance. Here, we used SVM in Linear, Polynomial, and Gaussian kernel while k-nearest neighbor operated in distance starting from K1 until K11. Based on experimental results provide Linear kernel as best classifier and extraction process had been increase accuracy. Compared with Naïve Bayes in 66%, and a highest KNN in K=1 and d=1 is 98%, SVM had a better accuracy. SVM-GLCM-HSV better than SVM-HSV only that achieved 98.13% and 93.06% respectively both in Linear kernel. On the other side, a combination of SVM-KNN yield highest accuracy better than selected algorithm here.

本研究は、美術系造形教育へ三次元デジタイズ技術を取り入れていくことを目的としている。複数種類の機器を導入して実験と教材開発を行い、各機器の特性、価格のバランスを含めて、実際の授業への導入実現性、継続性を分析していく。 5年計画の2年目にあたる本研究では、3Dスキャン4機種の運用実験に加えて、実際の授業でのシステムを利用した演習を行った。Photo Booth型システムでは、3Dメッシュとテクスチャの生成から、オートリギングとアニメーション設定を行った。また、一眼レフ型システムを構築して、複数種類の対象物を用いてスキャン実験を行った。, The goal of this project is to integrate 3D digitizing technologies into the curriculum of art educational institutions. We conduct experiments and develop teaching materials with several types of equipment. Based on the comparison between the characteristics of each equipment and its price, we analyze the feasibility and sustainability using the system in the classroom. In the second year of the five-year plan, we conducted operational experiments of four 3D scanning systems and exercises using this system in the classroom. Using Photo Booth system, students generated 3D mesh and texture, and then set up auto-rigging and animation. In addition, we built a SLR (Single-lens reflex camera) system and conducted scanning experiments with multiple types of objects.

Extremely low alanine aminotransferase (ALT) may reflect aging, frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition in several cardiovascular diseases, but the association between low ALT and patient characteristics, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality is not well investigated in the population with atrial fibrillation. We conducted a post hoc analysis of a prospective, observational multicenter study. Patients with nonvalvular AF in the SAKURA AF Registry (n = 3156) were classified into 3 tertiles according to baseline ALT: first (ALT ≤ 15 U/L, n = 1098), second (15 P P P

Background In the Japanese clinical setting, the prevalence, potential cofounders of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from anticoagulant therapy, including direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin, and prognosis after GI bleeding are unclear.Methods and Results:We examined about GI bleeding from anticoagulant therapy using data from the SAKURA AF Registry, a prospective multicenter registry in Japan. Among 3,237 enrollees, 48.8% (n=1,561) were warfarin users and 51.2% (n=1,676) DOAC users. GI bleeding was identified in 68 patients (2.1%). No incidental differences in GI bleeding were observed between the DOAC and warfarin users (32 [1.9%] patients [0.67 events per 100 person-years] vs. 36 [2.3%] patients [0.75 events per 100 person-years], respectively; P=0.43). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis revealed that creatinine (hazard ratio [HR] 1.379, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.091-1.743 P=0.007) and hemoglobin (HR 0.814, 95% CI 0.705-0.941, P=0.005) remained independent determinants of GI bleeding. Patients experiencing GI bleeding events had a higher risk of all-cause death (18%) than those without GI bleeding (6%) (P=0.045). Conclusions GI bleeding was strongly associated with anemia and renal impairment. Patients experiencing GI bleeding had higher risk for all-cause death than those without GI bleeding.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often coexist. The aims of this study were to explore the factors associated with the serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and the association between prognosis and a history of HF or the serum NT-proBNP level in Japanese patients with AF.The present sub-study was based on the SAKURA AF Registry, a Japanese multicenter observational registry that included 3267 AF patients (median follow-up period: 39 months). All the patients were receiving warfarin or any of four direct oral anticoagulants. Serum NT-proBNP levels were available for 2417 patients, and the median value was 508 (interquartile range 202-1095) pg/mL at the time of enrollment. Log NT-proBNP was associated with non-paroxysmal AF, creatinine clearance > 60 mL/minute, history of HF and ischemic heart disease, antiarrhythmic drug use, anemia, being elderly female, and history of AF ablation. The relative risk of adverse clinical events, except major bleeding, was significantly higher in the highest NT-proBNP quartile as compared to the lowest quartile (adjusted hazard ratios: 2.87 for death, 2.39 for stroke), but a history of HF was associated only with a higher incidence of all-cause death.Concomitant HF was associated with a higher mortality, but the high NT-proBNP was associated with higher mortality and stroke events. In Japanese AF patients receiving anticoagulant treatment, high serum NT-proBNP levels predict the risk for both stroke events and deaths, and intensive follow-up is needed in such patients.

Background Relations between characteristics and outcomes of patients in Japan with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the type of medical facility providing their outpatient care are unclear. Methods and results We compared patient characteristics and outcomes between 2 university hospitals (n = 1178), 20 general hospitals (n = 1308), and 41 private clinics (n = 751) (follow-up: 39.3 months) in the prospective SAKURA AF Registry. Private clinic patients were significantly older than university hospital and general hospital patients (73.4 ± 9.2 vs. 70.3 ± 9.8 and 72.6 ± 8.9 years; p Conclusions Adverse clinical events at small to large hospitals appear to be higher than those at private clinics, suggesting that careful attention for preventing stroke/SE and cardiovascular events should be paid to patients at a university or general hospital.

This study aimed to investigate the entrepreneurship orientation among the Central Java’s food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and its impact on their marketing performance, the business method through eco-innovation. This study also employed eco-innovation and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning adoption capability. The respondents of this study were withdrawn purposely from food industries located in Central Java. The location of the study was in Surakarta, Salatiga, Semarang and Kudus. The time frame of the study was from January 2019 to July 2019. The software of SEM version 23 (Structural Equation Modelling) was utilized to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that all the hypotheses (entrepreneurship orientation, ecoinnovation and ICT learning adoption capability) have significant impact on marketing performance.

In this paper, we propose a support method for 3D modeling of architectural decor, which used in the Corinthian order of ancient Greek and Roman. Since this architectural style is characterized by decoration with acanthus leaves and scrolls, we classified 1291 parts obtained from 200 pictures of architecture with acanthus patterns by their shapes and positions. We then extracted 34 representative parts necessary for decor design and build a 3D model library of them. The user can use desired parts by importing them from existing 3D modeling tool. Experimental results show that the user can greatly reduce the time for modeling decor using our library.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often coexist. The aims of this study were to explore the factors associated with the serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and the association between prognosis and a history of HF or the serum NT-proBNP level in Japanese patients with AF.The present sub-study was based on the SAKURA AF Registry, a Japanese multicenter observational registry that included 3267 AF patients (median follow-up period: 39 months). All the patients were receiving warfarin or any of four direct oral anticoagulants. Serum NT-proBNP levels were available for 2417 patients, and the median value was 508 (interquartile range 202-1095) pg/mL at the time of enrollment. Log NT-proBNP was associated with non-paroxysmal AF, creatinine clearance60 mL/minute, history of HF and ischemic heart disease, antiarrhythmic drug use, anemia, being elderly female, and history of AF ablation. The relative risk of adverse clinical events, except major bleeding, was significantly higher in the highest NT-proBNP quartile as compared to the lowest quartile (adjusted hazard ratios: 2.87 for death, 2.39 for stroke), but a history of HF was associated only with a higher incidence of all-cause death.Concomitant HF was associated with a higher mortality, but the high NT-proBNP was associated with higher mortality and stroke events. In Japanese AF patients receiving anticoagulant treatment, high serum NT-proBNP levels predict the risk for both stroke events and deaths, and intensive follow-up is needed in such patients.

Background: Liver diseases drive the development and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). The Fibrosis-4 (FIB4) index is a non-invasive scoring method for detecting liver fibrosis, but the prognostic impact of using it for AF patients is still unknown. Herein, we evaluated using the FIB4 index as a risk assessment tool for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with AF. Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of a prospective, observational multicenter study. A total of 3067 patients enrolled in a multicenter Japanese registry were grouped as first tertile (FIB4 index &lt, 1.75, n = 1022), second tertile (1.75 &le, FIB4 index &lt, 2.51, n = 1022), and third tertile (FIB4 index &ge, 2.51, n = 1023). Results: The third tertile had statistically significant results: older age, lower body mass index, increased heart failure prevalence, and lower clearances of hemoglobin and creatinine (all p &lt, 0.05). During the follow-up period, incidences of major bleeding, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality were significantly higher for the third tertile (all p &lt, 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, the third tertile associated independently with cardiovascular events (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.31&ndash, 2.25) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06&ndash, 1.95). Adding the FIB4 index to a baseline model with CHA2DS2-VASc score improved the prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, as shown by the significant increase in the C-statistic (all p &lt, 0.05), net reclassification improvement (all p &lt, 0.001), and integrated discrimination improvement (all p &lt, 0.001). A FIB4 index &ge, 2.51 most strongly associated with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in AF patients with high CHADS2 scores (all p &lt, 0.001). Conclusions: The FIB4 index is independently associated with risks of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in AF patients.

Background: Large-scale investigations on the use of oral anticoagulants including direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have not included Japanese patients. Methods: We established the multicenter SAKURA AF Registry to support prospective observational research on the status of anticoagulation treatment, especially with DOAC, for AF in Japan. We enrolled 3266 AF patients treated with warfarin (n=1577) or any of 4 DOACs (n=1689) from 63 institutions (2 cardiovascular centers, 13 affiliated hospitals or community hospitals, and 48 private clinics) in the Tokyo area. Results: We conducted our first analysis of the registry data, and although we found equivalent mean age between the DOAC and warfarin users (71.8±9.5 vs. 72.3±9.4 years, p=0.2117), we found a slightly lower risk of stroke (CHADS2 score of 0 or 1 [46.9% vs. 39.4%, p

Background: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are increasing in prevalence in Japan, real-world data regarding clinical outcomes in Japanese AF patients with CAD a...

Objective: To explore factors related to changing renal function and the prognostic effect of worsening renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: The present substudy was based on the SAKURA AF Registry, a Japanese multicenter prospective observational registry that includes 3267 AF patients from 63 institutions in the Tokyo area. Worsening renal function was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease equaling more than 20% of the patient’s baseline eGFR. Results: During a median 39.3 month follow-up period, patients’ eGFR decreased annually by a mean value of 1.07 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariable analysis showed that age ≥75 years, body weight ≤50 kg, a history of heart failure and initially preserved renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl] ≥ 60 mL/min) were significantly associated with a decrease in eGFR, whereas a history of AF ablation was associated with a maintain in eGFR. The 194 patients with worsening renal function were at significantly increased risk of death, stroke and major bleeding (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs]: 2.06, 1.97 and 2.23, respectively). Conclusion: Age ≥75 years, body weight ≤50 kg, a history of heart failure and initially preserved renal function appear to promote renal dysfunction in patients with AF, but a history of AF ablation seems to have a favorable effect. Worsening renal function seems to increase AF patients’ risk of adverse clinical events. Renal function can decline quickly; thus, early intervention including AF ablation is warranted.

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely used in aged Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but outcome data for such patients are limited. We compared outcomes between 1895 (58.5%) patients aged

Background Off-label dosing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is encountered clinically among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), although data on the clinical outcomes of over- and under-dosing are lacking in Japan. Methods and Results: We examined the clinical outcomes of off-label DOAC dosing using the SAKURA AF Registry, a prospective multicenter registry in Japan. Among 3,237 enrollees, 1,676 under any of the 4 DOAC regimens were followed up for a median of 39.3 months: 746 (45.0%), appropriate standard-dose; 477 (28.7%), appropriate low-dose; 66 (4.0%), over-dose; and 369 (22.2%) under-dose. Compared with the standard-dose group, patients in the under- and over-dose groups were significantly older and had a higher stroke risk. After multivariate adjustment, stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and death events were equivalent between the standard- and under-dose groups, but major bleeding events tended to be lower in the under-dose group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.474, P=0.0739). Composite events (stroke/SE, major bleeding, or death) were higher in the over-dose than in the standard-dose group (HR 2.714, P=0.0081). Conclusions Clinical outcomes were not worse for under-dose than for standard-dose users among patients with different backgrounds. Over-dose users, however, were at higher risk for all clinical events and required careful follow-up. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety and effectiveness of off-label DOAC dosing in Japan.

In this paper, we will introduce a game production program to iterate multiple game development cycles in a limited period. In one semester, we executed a game development process thrice, changing members every time. Students had the opportunity to gain experience, working with different people; also, by being provided a time limit for the development process, they learned how to manage development time effectively. Furthermore, by implementing the plan–do–check–act (PDCA) cycle [ASQ] in each development, students had the opportunity to identify and solve problems during the semester. Using this framework, we worked on the following three educational problems in Japan: (1) Mixed development with students of diverse ages and educational levels (2) Consciousness of development time (3) Understanding of each individual׳s strong and weak points Finally, we compared three types of programs (this program, Global Game Jam, and a mentor-based development program) in order to evaluate the aspects of game development that can be learned by them. We discussed how to develop a curriculum using a Game Jam framework. CR categories K.3.2 [COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION]: Computer and Information Science Education—Curriculum K.3.2 [COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION]: Computer and Information Science Education—Self-assessment.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) often coexist, but the real-world data after approval of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are still lacking in Japan. We investigated the association of the baseline renal function and adverse clinical events and risk of adverse clinical events with DOACs compared to warfarin for each renal functional level in Japanese AF patients. Methods: The present substudy was based on the SAKURA AF Registry, a Japanese multicenter observational registry (median follow-up period: 39 months). The creatinine clearance (CrCl) values were estimated by the Cockcroft–Gault formula, and divided into normal renal function, and mild and moderate-severe CKD (CrCl ≥ 80, 50–79, &lt, 50 mL/min). Results: In the SAKURA AF Registry, the baseline CrCl data were available for 3242 patients (52% for DOAC and 48% for warfarin user). The relative risk of adverse clinical events was significantly higher in the patients with a CrCl &lt, 50 mL/min as compared to those with a CrCl ≥ 80 mL/min (adjusted HRs: 2.53 for death, 2.53 for cardiovascular [CV] events, 2.13 for strokes, and 1.83 for major bleeding). Risks of all adverse clinical events were statistically even between DOAC and warfarin users for each renal function level. Conclusion: Moderate–severe CKD was associated with a higher mortality, CV events, strokes, and major bleeding than normal renal function. The safety and effectiveness of DOACs over warfarin were similar for each renal function level. By a worsening renal function, the incidence of adverse clinical events increased, especially deaths and CV events as compared to strokes and major bleeding.

This paper summarizes the findings of a study about patterns between the levels of pressure exerted on a gamepad's buttons and the way that players feel when playing. We designed an experiment to trigger different emotions (boredom, frustration, fun) from players when playing a 2D space shooter and analyzed the relationship between pressure and experience. Results show clear trends and a close correlation between pressure and specific players' aspects. Older players tended to press the button harder and players with more experience tended to press it softer. We also found out that there is a strong correlation between pressure and aspects such as difficulty, fun, arousal and dominance, being the correlation: pressure/fun (76.92%) and pressure/dominance (78.57%) the most relevant ones. Finally, frustration, boredom and valence had unclear results, however, trends showed the following: the more frustration, the harder players pressed the button, boredom has an inversely proportional relation with pressure and the results for valence were 61.54% positive, without having a solid final conclusion about this parameter. We propose a parameters classification to carry on with this result in our next step and show how could we design an effective estimation method in the future.

BACKGROUND Although direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely used in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), large-scale investigations into their use, with suitable follow-up times and rates, are lacking. Methods and Results: The SAKURA AF Registry is a prospective multicenter registry created to investigate therapeutic outcomes of oral anticoagulant (OAC) use in Japanese AF patients. We conducted a study involving 3,237 enrollees from 63 institutions in the Tokyo area being treated with any of 4 DOACs (n=1,676) or warfarin (n=1,561) and followed-up for a median of 39.3 months (range 28.5-43.6 months). Analyses of 1- and 2-year follow-up data available for 3,157 (97.5%) and 2,952 (91.2%) patients, respectively, showed no significant differences in rates of stroke or systemic embolism (SE), major bleeding, and all-cause mortality for DOAC vs. warfarin users (1.2 vs. 1.8%/year, 0.5 vs. 1.2%/year, and 2.1 vs. 1.7%/year, respectively). Under propensity score matching, the incidence of stroke or SE (P=0.679) and all-cause death (P=0.864) remained equivalent, but the incidence of major bleeding was significantly lower (P=0.014) among DOAC than warfarin users. CONCLUSIONS A high follow-up rate allowed us to obtain reliable data on the status of OAC use and therapeutic outcomes among AF patients in Japan. Warfarin and DOACs appear to yield equivalent 3-year stroke and all-cause mortality rates, but DOACs appear to reduce the risk of major bleeding.

The incidence and causes of death among patients in Japan treated for atrial fibrillation (AF), a major determinant of strokes and death, with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are unclear. This study's aim was two-fold: to compare the incidence and causes of death between DOAC and warfarin users in Japan and to identify the factors associated with vascular and nonvascular death in the Japanese AF population.The study was based on the SAKURA AF registry, in which clinical events were tracked in 3267 enrollees from 63 institutions for 2-4 years. Enrollees included warfarin users (n=1577) and users of any of 4 DOACs (n=1690). The incidence, cause, and major determinants of death were analyzed.During a median 39.3-month follow-up, 200 patients died, with most succumbing to cardiac death (25%), malignancies (21%), or respiratory infections (20%). There was no significant difference in deaths from any cause between warfarin and DOAC users (108 vs. 92 patients, p=0.34). An age ≥75 years was found to be a major determinant of death, but the relative risk (vs.75 years) was greater for nonvascular death (hazard ratio: 2.85 and 4.97 for age 75-84 and ≥85 years, respectively) than vascular death (2.14 and 2.98 for 75-84 and ≥85 years, respectively). Heart failure, renal dysfunction, and the type of institution were major determinants of vascular death, and a male sex, weight50kg, and anemia were major determinants of nonvascular death.The results of our AF registry-based study, in which two thirds of the enrolled patients succumbed to cardiac death, malignancies, or respiratory infections within 2- 4 years and use of DOACs rather than warfarin did not reduce the mortality, indicated that a management of AF that includes prophylaxis for vascular and nonvascular events in addition to strokes is warranted.

Direction is an important factor affecting the impression and quality of video contents. Therefore, the director must carefully decide the direction scheme. Especially unless the character’s emotions are directed effectively, viewers cannot empathize. Therefore, the director must carefully design the direction based on the theme and intention. Among them, lighting and composition are important factors directly affecting visual appearance. Therefore, careful design of lighting and composition is necessary. However, the direction depends on the experience and sense of the director. In other words, it is difficult to reuse the direction method and to preliminarily confirm the effect of the direction. Therefore, in this research, we focused on anger even in the character’s emotions. Furthermore, support to design of the composition and lighting for directing angry characters. In this research, we investigated and analyzed human anger. There are various causes and behaviors involved in anger. The impression to angry characters of viewer is varies depending on the causes of anger. Therefore, we classified each shots that angry character appears. This classification is based on the cause of anger. Furthermore, we analyzed lighting and composition of each shot. Based on these analysis results, we developed data library. In addition, we developed a template that can reproduce the lighting and composition of the analyzed shot with 3DCG. With this template, users can apply the lighting and composition of analyzed shots to arbitrary character models. It is possible to more effectively design the directing for angry character by using the proposed system.

In general, characters in the video content has a great influence on the works they play a role in. The creation method in the pre-production still depends on the experience and sensitivity of the creators. For that reason, there is a problem of the communication-gap, and it is always created with the same members to avoid frequent occurrence such as re-take. The current state of video content creation education is often done by educators with experience of production, and it is done with empirical rules and sensitivity of each educator. Therefore, there are a lot of relatively technical education, education to solve production problems is very difficult. The authors have developed various proposal methods for the DREAM method. A literal template is a template that can summarize necessary information at the planning stage and can describe character settings and stories. The collage system is a system that makes it easy to create visual materials even for the creators who cannot draw pictures well. The lighting scrapbook and the camera work scrapbook is a camera work and lighting simulation system for planning the optimum lighting in the directing scheme. In addition to these, the authors have developed a system for the emotional expression, the color scheme and the modeling of characters. These various proposal methods are aimed at solving the communication gap in creation. In this research we report examples of using them as an educational tool for character making.

The technique which converts text-based document into a TV show like computer graphics animation has been developed. However, writing a scripting language requires a variety of knowledge on TV shows such as speech timing, camera angle, lighting and so on. In this paper, we propose TV show template that contains animation settings imitating a particular type of TV show and semi-automatic animation generation using it.

To create brush-stroke style animation with temporal coherence, the artist needs to refer the previous frame carefully for drawing. Moreover, brush-stroke lighting style is challenging to animate coherently because it dynamically changes and contains lots of features compared to physically-based lighting.

For high skilled players, an easy game might become boring and for low skilled players, a difficult game might become frustrating. This research's goal is to offer players a personalized experience adapted according to their performance and levels of attention. We created a simple side-scrolling 2D platform game using Procedural Content Generation, Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment techniques and brain computer data obtained from players in real time using an Electroencephalography device. We conducted a series of experiments with different players and got results that confirm that our method is adjusting each level according to performance and attention.

Robot anime is one of the most popular genres in Japanese anime, and it is very popular in all around the world. In this study, we have focused on "battle scenes", a popular characteristic which is usually composed by large number of shots showing robots actions, power, speed and so on. The purpose of this study is to create a supporting system, which include camera blocking for when producing battle scenes. In this research, we have analyzed robots' common actions with the characteristic of camera blocking from existing robot anime, organized the screen structure that characterizes robot anime, and we were able to found out the trending of these works. After doing so, we were able to create a supporting system for camera blocking for when producing robot anime's battle scenes using the data found in this research. The support system also shows reference information for producing structure or shot design for battle scenes.

In 2D animation and comics, the line quality of object outlines and contour lines are often varied to emphasize or exaggerate the shape of an object. One such technique is to vary the line thickness pending on the object shape. This technique is often used in sketching and drawing to give objects a greater sense of depth or dimension. When using toon rendering to simulate a 2D-esque effect in 3D animation, techniques that render object outlines of constant thickness, such as that proposed by [Saito and Takahashi 1990], are popular due to their ease of application. While existing methods such as that proposed by [Goodwin et al. 2007] allow for a certain level of dynamic line thickness through the use of shad-ing, they require long calculation times and are not suited for real time rendering.

Games together with manga and anime as represented by Japanese technological advances are highly evaluated in other countries. In recent years, games have been developing at a fast rate and a deep understanding of the game development procedures is needed in order to keep up with the advancements in technology. Yet, there has been no consistent education program designed specifically for game production in the Japanese higher education institutions. In contrast to this, game education is on the rise among American and European Universities. A curriculum framework has even been created by the International Game Developers Association (IGDA) with positive progress shown by cooperating with the industry. As very few efforts have been made so far in Japan to develop an education program for game development, there was no common ground where production methodology could be designed and taught. Due to this the industry developed its own unique production styles, and production methods became a trade secret, complicating the relationship between the universities and the industry. Current game development education in Japan consists mostly of lectures conducted by part-time teaching staff hired by several colleges. In response to this, at the Tokyo University of Technology (TUT), we have designed a curriculum in collaboration with Premium Agency, Inc. that aims to offer training in the practical aptitudes that are demanded by the game development industry. We have added lessons to the traditional faculty curriculum, combining lectures and exercises in a game development context, leading to the number of students that are acquiring knowledge in game development skills such as programming, CG and planning to grow year by year. As a result, the development of this game oriented curriculum has been strongly welcomed by the game industry.

(2010). Relationships between primary production of phytoplankton and environmental factors in a shallow brackish lake. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 1439-1444.

3DCG映像制作においてライティング（照明）は、作品の印象を決め、できを大きく左右する非常に重要な要素である。よってライティングは単純にライトを置くだけではなく、ディレクターの意図に基づいてしっかりと設計を行うことが重要である。そこで本研究では従来ディレクターの頭の中で感性的に行われていた照明設計を支援し、プレプロダクション段階において効率的にライティングシミュレーションを可能とするために、映像の演出を支援する「ライティングスクラップブック」とライティングを容易に行うための「ライトセット」を提案することを目的とする。これらを用いて映像制作の実証実験を行った結果、提案システムを用いることにより、作業時間が短縮でき、ライティングによる効率的な演出シミュレーションが可能になった。

We investigated the vertical profiles of (239+240)Pu, (137)Cs, and excess (210)Pb ((210)Pb(ex)) in sediment core samples obtained from two freshwater lakes and two brackish lakes situated near the first commercial spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Rokkasho, Japan, before the final test of the plant using actual spent nuclear fuel. The inventory of (239+240)Pu in those lakes was larger than that in soil in Rokkasho, which indicated the inflow of (239+240)Pu from the catchment area in addition to direct deposition on the lake surfaces. The (137)Cs inventory in sediments of the brackish lakes was lower than that in the soil, which showed that part of the (137)Cs was removed from the sediments by the brackish water or that it was not deposited into the sediments, because of the high solubility of Cs in brackish water. The (137)Cs inventory in sediments of the freshwater lakes was higher than that of the brackish lakes, and comparable with that in soil except for one core sample out of four. The (239+240)Pu/(137)Cs ratio in freshwater lake sediments was higher than that in soil, and that indicated that part of the (137)Cs was lost from the sediments. The low inventory of (137)Cs may be attributable to competition for absorption sites in sediments with ammonium ions formed in the reducing environment which occurs from summer to fall in the sediments. Those data will be used as background data on the artificial radionuclides in the lakes to assess the effect of released radionuclides on their concentrations.

Atmospheric concentrations of 210Pb change with various factors such as meso-scale meteorological conditions. We have already reported the biweekly atmospheric 210Pb concentrations in Rokkasho, Japan for 5 years and found that they had clear seasonal variations: low concentrations in summer and high values in winter to spring. To study the reasons for the seasonal variations, the origins of the air mass flowing to Rokkasho were analyzed by 3-D backward air mass trajectory analysis. Routes of the calculated trajectories were classified into four regions: northeastern and southeastern Asian Continent, sea and other regions. The atmospheric 210Pb concentrations were well correlated with the frequency of the routes through the northeastern Asian Continent. A non-linear multiple regression analysis of the 210Pb concentrations and the relative frequencies of the four routes showed good fitting of the predicted values to the observed ones, and indicated that the atmospheric 210Pb concentrations in Rokkasho depended on the frequency of the air mass from the northeastern Asian Continent.