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Background:Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) constitute a vulnerable population in view of their impaired immune status. At this time, the full interaction between HIV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been incompletely described. Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection on mortality. Method:We systematically searched PubMed and the Europe PMC databases up to 19 January 2021, using specific keywords related to our aims. All published articles on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and HIV were retrieved. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager version 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 software. Results:A total of 28 studies including 18 255 040 COVID-19 patients were assessed in this meta-analysis. Overall, HIV was associated with a higher mortality from COVID-19 on random-effects modelling {odds ratio [OR] = 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.39],p= 0.03;I2= 72%}. Meta-regression confirmed that this association was not influenced by age (p= 0.208), CD4 cell count (p= 0.353) or the presence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (p= 0.647). Further subgroup analysis indicated that the association was only statistically significant in studies from Africa (OR = 1.13,p= 0.004) and the United States (OR = 1.30,p= 0.006). Conclusion:Whilst all persons ought to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, PLWH should be prioritised to minimise the risk of death because of COVID-19. The presence of HIV should be regarded as an important risk factor for future risk stratification of COVID-19.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aop-10.1177_10600280231162243 for Efficacy and Safety of Fluvoxamine as Outpatient Treatment for Patients With Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials by Akhil Deepak Vatvani, Andree Kurniawan and Timotius Ivan Hariyanto in Annals of Pharmacotherapy

Background and aims The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) number of death cases is still increasing. One of the comorbidities associated with severe outcome and mortality of COVID-19 is dyslipidemia. Statin is one of the drugs which is most commonly used for the treatment of dyslipidemic patients. This study aims to analyze the association between statin use and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 infection. Methods We systematically searched the Google Scholar database using specific keywords related to our aims until August 1st, 2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and statin were retrieved. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results A total of 9 studies with a total of 3449 patients were included in our analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that statin use did not improve severity outcome [OR 1.64 (95% CI 0.51–5.23), p = 0.41, I2 = 93%, random-effect modelling] nor mortality rate from COVID-19 infection [OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.50–1.21), p = 0.26, I2 = 0%, fixed-effect modelling]. Conclusion Statin use did not improve in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 infections. Patients with dyslipidemia should continue taking statin drugs despite COVID-19 infection status, given its beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes., Highlights • Currently, evidence regarding benefit of statin in COVID-19 is not supported by sufficient human studies. • Our meta-analysis showed that statin use did not improve in-hospital outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infections. • Patients with dyslipidemia should continue taking statin if they develop COVID-19.

Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a yellow-pigmented, glucose nonfermenting, aerobic, Gram negative bacillus of low pathogenicity. This organism was found in the implantation of indwelling catheters, sterile intravenous fluid, or contaminated hospital environment such as tap and distilled water, nebulizer, ventilator, and hemodialysis device. A 55-year-old female was hospitalized for diabetic foot ulcer in the presence of multiple comorbidities: diabetes mellitus, colonic tuberculosis, end-stage renal disease, and indwelling catheters for central venous catheter and hemodialysis. The patient passed away on the 44th day of admission due to septic shock. The organism found on blood culture on the 29th day of admission was multidrug resistant S. paucimobilis. Severe infection and septic shock due to S. paucimobilis have been reported particularly in immunocompromised patients, but there has been only one reported case of death in a premature neonate with septic shock. This is the first reported lethal case of S. paucimobilis bacteremia in an adult patient.