6 results on '"López-Mata, Lauro"'
Search Results
2. Rocks are safe sites for establishment of Bursera seedlings in a seasonally dry tropical forest of Mexico
- Author
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Rivera-Ríos Ángel, Cruz-Rodríguez Juan Antonio, and López-Mata Lauro
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Bursera ,biology.organism_classification ,Tropical forest ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Bursera bipinnata ,Agronomy ,Seedling ,Transect ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
We analyze the effects on seedling survival of Bursera bipinnata, B. copallifera and B. glabrifolia caused by their association with rocks, nurse plants, and in open areas. We hypothesize that the seedling-rock association is the safest for the establishment of all three seedling species. The objective was to investigate the suitability of the associations for seedling establishment and to compare the mortality risks under the three association conditions. All Bursera seedlings in 30 transects of 30 m2 were counted, recording whether they were located in open areas or associated with rocks or nurse plants, and monthly censored for two years. The proportion of seedlings associated with a rock or nurse plant was higher than those in open areas. Seedling survival curves were different among the three conditions. The survival of seedlings associated with rocks was greater than those established under a nurse plant and or in open areas. Survival time was 58% longer in seedlings associated with rocks than in open areas. The impact of stem diameter was 20 times greater than height. We conclude that rocks are safer and functionally more suitable sites than nurse plants or open areas for recruitment of the three Bursera species.
- Published
- 2021
3. Ecological niche similarity between congeneric Mexican plant species
- Author
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Suárez-Mota, Mario, Villaseñor, José, and López-Mata, Lauro
- Subjects
ENMTOOLS ,ASTERACEAE ,NICHE CONSERVATISM AND ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELLING ,Plant Science ,DYSCRITOTHAMNUS ,LOXOTHYSANUS ,MEXICO - Abstract
Background and aims – Ecological niche conservatism describes the tendency of phylogenetically related species to maintain the characteristics of their ancestral fundamental niches. Our aim was to assess niche conservatism of species belonging to two plant genera of the Family Asteraceae endemic to Mexico: Dyscritothamnus includes two woody species restricted to the dry scrublands of central Mexico and Loxothysanus includes two herbaceous species distributed mostly in temperate environments from central Mexico southward. Methods – Using geographical distribution data of species obtained from critically reviewed herbarium specimens (45 of Dyscritothamnus and 94 of Loxothysanus ), niche models were obtained using the Maxent program. The climatic variables evaluated were chosen using principal component analysis. Subsequently, with the program ENMTools we quantified the degree of overlap and similarity between the niches of congeneric species using the equivalence ( D ) and similarity ( I ) parameters. Key results – The two species of Dyscritothamnus are sympatric, influenced by common environmental features; accordingly, their niches show high equivalence values ( D = 0.563), suggesting niche conservatism. On the other hand, the genus Loxothysanus shows a wider geographical distribution; their species niches are not equivalent ( D = 0.145) and have a relatively low value of environmental similarity. Conclusion – The distributions of the species of Dyscritothamnus support the hypothesis of niche conservatism because of their sisterhood and quite similar distribution patterns that result in high niche conservatism values. In contrast, species of Loxothysanus do not support clearly such a hypothesis, suggesting their niches have suffered adaptive changes to contrasting environments.
- Published
- 2015
4. Variación en el tamaño y peso de la semilla y su relación con la germinación en una población de Stenocereus beneckei
- Author
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Ayala-Cordero, Gabriela, Terraza, Teresa, López-Mata, Lauro, and Trejo, Carlos
- Subjects
México ,Cactáceas ,Semillas ,Stenocereus beneckei - Abstract
La variación en el tamaño de la semilla juega un papel importante en los procesos de germinación y establecimiento de plántulas. La germinación en cuatro fechas de siembra de cinco categorías de peso de semilla de Stenocereus beneckei se evaluó con la finalidad de inferir las estrategias de supervivencia en las primeras fases de su ciclo de vida. S. benekei presenta las semillas más grandes (largo 3,2 ±0,4mm, ancho 2,6 ±0,3mm) y pesadas (11,8 ±2,7mg) del género Stenocereus. El número de semillas/fruto fluctuó entre 25 y 200, detectándose una correlación positiva entre tamaño del fruto y número de semillas. Los porcentajes de germinación fueron superiores al 75% para cuatro categorías de peso de semilla bajo condiciones de laboratorio; el menor porcentaje de germinación (11%) fue para las semillas más pequeñas y el mayor para las de tamaño intermedio (84%). Las curvas de germinación mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para las cinco categorías de peso por fecha y para las semillas del mismo peso pero germinadas en diferente fecha. En las categorías de mayor tamaño (3-5), la germinación fue superior en semillas recién colectadas; pero inversa en las semillas más pequeñas (categorías 1-2). Este resultado indica que las semillas de S. benekei por categoría de peso responden diferencialmente dependiendo de su madurez fisiológica y de la fecha de siembra. Seed size variation plays an important role in germination and seedling establishment. Stenocereus benekei seed germination of five mass classes in four sowing dates was studied with the aim to gain insight in species strategies within the first phases of its life cycle. S. benekei has the largest (3.2 ±0.4mm length, 2.6 ±0.3mm breadth) and heaviest (11.8 ±2.7mg) seeds of the Stenocereus genus. Number of seeds per fruit varied from 25 to 200, showing a positive correlation between fruit size and number of seeds. Seed germination percentage was higher than 75% in four categories under laboratory conditions. The lower germination percentage (11%) was found in the smallest seeds and the highest in medium size seeds (84%). Germination curves showed statistical differences among the five seed mass categories and dates, as well as among seeds of the same mass category germinated in different dates. Germination curves revealed that in the medium and large seeds (3-5) germinability was higher shortly after harvesting, but an inverse behaviour was observed in the smaller seeds (categories 1-2). The results suggest that seeds of S. beneckei respond differentially depending upon their physiological maturity and the date after sowing. A variação no tamanho da semente tem um papel importante nos processos de germinação e estabelecimento de plântulas. A germinação em quatro datas de plantação de cinco categorias de peso de semente de Stenocereus beneckei avaliou-se com a finalidade de definir as estratégias de sobrevivencia nas primeiras fases de seu ciclo de vida. S. benekei apresenta as sementes maiores (comprimento 3,2 ± 0,4mm, largura 2,6 ± 0,3mm) e pesadas (11,8 ± 2,7mg) do gênero Stenocereus. O número de sementes/fruto flutuou entre 25 e 200, detectando-se uma correlação positiva entre tamanho do fruto e número de sementes. As porcentagens de germinação foram superiores a 75% para quatro categorias de peso de semente sob condições de laboratório; a menor porcentagem de germinação (11%) foi para as sementes menores e a maior para as de tamanho médio (84%). As curvas de germinação mostraram diferenças estatísticamente significativas para as cinco categorias de peso por data e para as semente do mesmo peso mas, germinadas em diferentes datas. Nas categorias de maior tamanho (3-5), a germinação foi superior em sementes recém recolhidas; e contrariamente nas sementes menores (categorias 1-2). Este resultado indica que as sementes de S. benekei por categoría de peso respondem diferencialmente dependendo de sua madurez fisiológica e da data de plantação.
- Published
- 2004
5. Características morfo-anatómicas y metabolismo fotosintético en plántulas de stenocereus queretaroensis (cactaceae): su significado adaptativo
- Author
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Loza-Cornejo, Sofía, Terrazas, Teresa, López-Mata, Lauro, and Trejo, Carlos
- Subjects
MAC ,Pachycereeae ,Cactáceas ,Morfología ,S. queretaroensis - Abstract
Resumen Se estudiaron los caracteres morfo-anatómicos y del metabolismo fotosintético en plántulas de Stenocereus queretaroensis (Weber) Buxb. para examinar dichos atributos durante su ontogenia. Más de 500 plántulas fueron sembradas en semilleros y durante los tres primeros meses fueron recolectadas cada semana; posteriormente cada mes hasta completar 56 semanas para registrar los cambios morfo-anatómicos. Parte de las plántulas se colectaron cada 3h durante 24h en los intervalos señalados y almacenaron en N2 líquido para estimar la concentración de ácido (protones titulables) por unidad de peso fresco. Las plántulas tuvieron un tallo de 3,6cm de altura con siete costillas y raíces de la misma longitud a las 56 semanas; al año los cotiledones se marchitaron. El eje hipocótilo-raíz, al igual que el tallo, tuvo epidermis simple y estomas escasos; la hipodermis también fue de un estrato y difiere del tallo adulto. El cámbium vascular se diferenció en plántulas de un año, el xilema secundario se diferencia del tallo adulto por la presencia de traqueidas de banda ancha y ausencia de fibras. Los protones titulables mostraron fluctuaciones irregulares en las primeras semanas de crecimiento, sin embargo, la acidez incrementó con la edad de las plántulas. En la semana 56 se incrementó a partir de las 18:00 y continuó hasta un valor máximo de 45,19µmolH+·g-1 de tejido a las 06:00 mostrando el patrón típico de metabolismo ácido de las crasuláceas. El rápido crecimiento de las raíces, la presencia de traqueidas de banda ancha y los escasos estomas se interpretaron como adaptaciones para evitar la desecación. Summary Morpho-anatomical characters and the photosynthetic metabolism of Stenocereus queretaroensis (Weber) Buxb. seedlings were studied to examine these features during their ontogeny. More than 500 seedlings were sowed in nurseries; during the first three months they were harvested every week and, thereafter, every month until completing 56 weeks, to record the morpho-anatomical changes. Some seedlings were collected every 3h during 24h at the mentioned time intervals and stored in liquid N2 to estimate the acid concentration (tritated protons) for unit of fresh weight. Seedlings had a shoot 3.6cm in height, with seven ribs, and roots with the same length after 56 weeks of age; cotyledons withered at one year old. The hypocotyl-root axis as well as the shoot had simple epidermis and scarce stomata; hypoderm was also of one layer and differs from the mature shoot. Vascular cambium developed in one year-old seedlings; secondary xylem was distinguished from the mature shoot by the occurrence of wide band tracheids and lack of fibers. The tritated protons showed irregular fluctuations during the first weeks of growth, however acidity increased with seedling age. In the week 56, the increment started at 18:00 reaching a maximum of 45.19µmolH+·g-1 tissue at 06:00, showing the typical crassulacean acid metabolism pattern. The rapid root growth, the occurrence of wide band tracheids and the scarce stomata were interpreted as adaptations to avoid drying. Resumo Estudaram-se os caracteres morfo-anatômicos e do metabolismo fotossintético em plântulas de Stenocereus queretaroensis (Weber) Buxb. para se examinar ditos atributos durante sua ontogenia. Mais de 500 plântulas foram semeadas em sementeiros e durante os três primeiros meses foram recolhidas cada semana; posteriormente cada mês até completar 56 semanas para registrar as mudanças morfo-anatómicas. Parte das plântulas se colheram cada 3h durante 24h nos intervalos assinalados e armazenaram em N2 líquido para estimar a concentração de ácido (prótons tituláveis) por unidade de peso fresco. As plântulas tiveram um caule de 3,6cm de altura com sete costelas e raízes da mesma longitude às 56 semanas; ao ano os cotiledones murcharam. O eixo hipocótilo-raíz, ao igual que o caule, teve epidermes simples e estomas escassos; a hipodermes também foi de um estrato e difere do caule adulto. O cámbium vascular se diferenciou em plântulas de um ano, o xilema secundário se diferencia do caule adulto pela presença de traqueidas de banda larga e ausência de fibras. Os prótons tituláveis mostraram flutuações irregulares nas primeiras semanas de crescimento, no entanto, a acidez incrementou com a idade das plântulas. Na semana 56 se incrementou a partir das 18:00 e continuou até um valor máximo de 45,19µmolH+·g-1 de tecido as 06:00 mostrando o padrão típico de metabolismo ácido das crassuláceas. O rápido crescimento das raízes, a presença de traqueidas de banda larga e os escassos estomas se interpretaram como adaptações para evitar a dessecação.
- Published
- 2003
6. Proteins, amino acids and fatty acids composition of nuts from the mexican endemic rarity, pinus maximartinezii, and its conservation implications
- Author
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López-Mata, Lauro
- Subjects
animal structures ,Multidisciplinarias (Ciencias, Ciencias Sociales, Artes y Humanidades) ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Dietary Value ,Chemical Composition ,Conservation ,Rare and Endemic Pine ,complex mixtures ,Pinus maximartinezii - Abstract
Seeds of blue pine, Pinus maximartinezii, have long been used for human consumption. However, no chemical analysis of its nutrient components has been carried out. In this paper, the content of kernel proteins, amino acids and fatty acids is reported and compared with some pinyon pines and other nut species. Proximate analysis showed that blue pine contains about 31% crude protein, 66% defatted protein, 42% crude fat, 2% carbohydrates, 9% crude fibre, 4% ash, and 4% moisture. It contains 18 different amino acids, including all the essential ones, and six different fatty acids; of these about 84% are unsaturated. Nuts of blue pine are of outstanding dietary value and appear to be a promising resource, but the impact of seed harvesting size on the population stability needs to be thoroughly evaluated in order to insure its sustainable use. A conservation strategy for P. maximartinezii, should urgently focus on protecting the specific habitat where this endemic rarity occurs. Las semillas del pino azul, Pinus maximartinezii, han sido usadas desde hace mucho tiempo para consumo humano. Sin embargo, ningún análisis químico de sus componentes nutritivos ha sido llevado a cabo. En este artículo se reporta el contenido de proteína, amino ácidos y ácidos grasos de su nuez y se le compara con algunas especies de pinos piñoneros y otras nueces. El análisis proximal mostró que el pino azul contiene 31% de proteína cruda, 66% de proteína desgrasada, 42% de grasa cruda, 2% de carbohidratos, 9% de fibra cruda, 4% de cenizas y 4% de humedad. Contiene 18 amino ácidos distintos, incluyendo a todos los esenciales, y seis ácidos grasos diferentes, 84% de ellos insaturados. La nuez del pino azul es de valor dietético sobresaliente y parece ser un recurso promisorio. Sin embargo, el impacto de la magnitud de la cosecha de semillas sobre la estabilidad poblacional necesita ser cuidadosamente evaluada para asegurar su uso sostenido. Una estrategia de conservación para P. maximartinezii debe concentrarse en la protección del hábitat donde ésta rareza endémica ocurre. As sementes do pinho azul, Pinus maximartinezii, têm sido usadas desde muito tempo para consumo humano. Porém, não foi feita nenhuma análise química de seus componentes nutritivos. Neste artigo se reporta o conteúdo de proteína, amido ácidos e ácidos grassos de sua castanha e é comparado com algumas espécies de pinhos, pinheiros e outras castanhas. A análise proximal mostrou que o pinho azul contém 31% de proteína crua, 66% de proteína sem gordura, 42% de gordura crua, 2% de carboidratos, 9% de fibra crua, 4% de cinzas e 4% de umidade. Contém 18 amido ácidos distintos, incluindo a todos os essenciais, e seis ácidos grassos diferentes, 84% deles insaturados. A castanha do pinho azul é de valor dietético sobressalente e parece ser um recurso promissório. Porém, o impacto do tamanho da colheita de sementes sobre a estabilidade populacional necessita ser cuidadosamente avaliada para assegurar seu uso sustentado. Uma estratégia de conservação para P. maximartinezii deve concentrar-se na proteção do habitat onde esta rareza endêmica ocorre.
- Published
- 2001
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