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Tingting Li,1,&ast; Yilan Zeng,2,&ast; Xianrong Fan,3,&ast; Jing Yang,4 Chengying Yang,4 Qingyun Xiong,5 Ping Liu2 1Department of Science and Education, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hospital Office, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yongchuan, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Ultrasonography, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ping Liu, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, 311 Yingpan Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15973136512, Email liuping_3356@126.com Qingyun Xiong, Department of Ultrasonography, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 22, Xingsha Avenue, Changsha County, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410100, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 731-85259000, Email xiongqy1100@21cn.comObjective: This study aimed to bibliometrically analyse the main features of the 100 top-cited articles on the midwifery index on the Web of Science.Methods: Academic articles on midwifery’ research published from 1985 to 2020 were included. VOSviewer 1.6.15, SPSS 22.0 software and a homemade applet were used to identify, analyse and visualise the citation ranking, publication year, journal, country and organisation of origin, authorship, journal impact factor and keywords along with the total link strength of countries, organisations and keywords.Results: Among the 100 top-cited articles, the highest number of citations of the retrieved articles was 484. The median number of citations per year was 5.16 (interquartile range: 3.74– 8.38). Almost two-thirds of the included articles (n = 61) centred on nursing and obstetrics/gynaecology. The top-cited articles were published in 38 different journals, the highest number of which was published by Midwifery (15%). Australia was the most productive country (24%). According to the total link strength, the sequence ran from the United States (28) to England (28) to Australia (19). The University of Technology Sydney and La Trobe University in Australia topped the list with four papers each. Hunter B was the most productive author (n = 4), and the average citations were positively related to the number of authors (r = 0.336, p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study identified the most influential articles on midwifery and documented the core journals and the most productive countries, organisations and authors along with future research hotspots for this field; the findings may be beneficial to researchers in their publication and scientific cooperation endeavours.Keywords: bibliometric analysis, citation, midwifery, total link strength

Objective To investigate the protective effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor after inducing oxidative stress on keloid fibroblasts. Methods Primary keloid fibroblasts were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion combined with the tissue adhesion method in vitro, and the third to fifth generations of cells were selected for the experiment. For 24 hours, keloid fibroblasts were treated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Different concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor were added to the keloid fibroblast culture medium, and then the cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours. Results With the increase of hydrogen peroxide concentration, the growth of keloid fibroblasts was inhibited and the levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reactive oxygen species increased gradually, accompanied by an increase in the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and collagen I mRNA. The expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-mRNA in keloid fibroblasts and the formation of reactive oxygen species in keloid fibroblasts were induced by different concentrations of angiotensin II, and the most significant effect was at 10–5 mmol/mL. The effects of diphenyleneiodonium chloride (NOX inhibitor), N-acetylcysteine (reactive oxygen species inhibitor) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) RNA treatment on angiotensin II-induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and collagen I increased significantly. Hydrogen peroxide and angiotensin II alone or combined can induce NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species expression in keloid fibroblasts. When the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was added, the expression of NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species in keloid induced by hydrogen peroxide and angiotensin II could be inhibited. Conclusion Oxidative stress can lead to increased expression of reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase and collagen I in keloid fibroblasts, suggesting oxidative stress mediates the migration of human keloid fibroblasts and extracellular matrix synthesis.

We describe a new species of Lyophyllum based on the morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The species is widely distributed above ca. 2000 m in mixed forests dominated by Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandi, and Quercus fabrei in Yunnan Province. It can be distinguished by its greyish orange pileus surface, margin with waves when old; globose to subglobose spores (4.5–5.6 × 4.3–5.4 µm), clavate basidia (25–34 × 7–9 µm). Moreover, the growth rate of cultured mycelia of the species in the YPD medium is higher than that of L. decastes complex species under the same conditions. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (LSU) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) indicated that L. pallidofumosum is a distinct taxon closely related to L. fumosum and L. shimeji.

Atmospheric ice nucleation plays an important role in modifying the global hydrological cycle and atmospheric radiation balance. To date, few comprehensive field observations of ice nuclei have been carried out at high-altitude sites, which is close to the height of mixed-phase cloud formation. In this study, we measured the concentrations of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the immersion freezing mode at the summit of Changbai Mountain (2623 m above sea level), Northeast Asia, in summer 2021. The cumulative number concentration of INPs varied from 3.8 × 10−3 L−1 to 2.3 L−1 over the temperature range from −20.5 °C to −5.5 °C. Proteinaceous-based biological materials accounted for the majority of INPs, with the proportion of biological INPs (bio-INPs) exceeding 75 % across the entire freezing temperature range, with this proportion even exceeding 90 % above −13.0 °C. At freezing temperatures ranging from −11 °C to −8 °C, bio-INPs were found to significantly correlate with wind speed and Ca2+, and weakly correlate with isoprene and its oxidation products (isoprene × O3), suggesting that biological aerosols may attach to soil dust surfaces and contribute to INPs. During the daytime, bio-INPs showed a positive correlation with the planetary boundary layer height, with the valley breezes from southwestern mountainous regions also influencing the concentration of INPs. Moreover, the long-distance transport of air mass from the Japan Sea and South Korea significantly contributed to the high concentrations of bio-INPs. Our study emphasizes the important role of biological sources of INPs in the high-altitude atmosphere of northeastern Asia, as well as the significant contribution of long-range transport to the INPs concentrations in this region.

Reflective cracking is a common distress of semi-rigid base asphalt pavements and overlay pavement projects. An asphalt rubber stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (AR-SAMI) prepared by waste tires is an effective engineering solution for treating reflective cracking. This method can also reduce black pollution. However, there is no unified test method and index for crack resistance evaluation. In this work, AR-SAMIs with different air voids and gradations were investigated. A small beam bending test (BBT) at −10 °C and 15 °C, crack expansion SCB (CE-SCB) test, low-temperature SCB (LT-SCB) test, and Overlay Test (OT) were performed to evaluate the crack resistance of AR-SAMI comprehensively. Statistical analysis was also performed. Results showed that the crack resistance of AR-SAMI improved as the air voids decreased. The crack resistance of 10-A gradation with more fine aggregate was excellent. However, the AR-SAMI with more coarse aggregate had better crack extension resistance under the condition of pre-existing cracks. There are differences in the evaluation results of different test methods due to the various evaluation focus. The −10 °C BBT, CE-SCB, and OT were recommended to evaluate the crack resistance comprehensively. Research results can guide the evaluation method or index selection of crack resistance and the optimization of AR-SAMI mixture design under different working conditions.

Peripheral neuropathy, accompanied by chronic neuropathic pain, is among the frequent and debilitating complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for neuropathic pain, but the pathological mechanisms are unclear. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory axis is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain,so we examined how hyperglycemia influences the HMGB1/TLR4 axis and behavioural manifestations of hyperalgesia in the Sprague-Dawley rat sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Short-term hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin significantly augmented mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI model rats compared to normoglycemic CCI model rats.These augmented nociceptive behaviours were associated with increased immune cell infiltration and activation, cytokine production and expression levels of TLR4 and HMGB1, as well as with reduced Sirt1 expression in spinal cord dorsal horn and sciatic nerve. High glucose also enhanced HMGB1/TLR4 inflammatory axis activity and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia predisposes individuals with peripheral nerve injury to neuropathic pain, in part through enhancement of Sirt1/HMGB1/TLR4 signalling and ensuing neuroinflammation. &nbsp

Lyophyllum deqinense Y.H. Ma, W.M. Chen & Y.C. Zhao sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3) MycoBank: MB 847556 Etymology:—the epithet “deqin” refers to Deqin County where the holotype was collected. Diagnosis:—This species is characterized by its greyish orange to slightly desaturated orange pileus with a broad, low and obtuse central umbo, covered by minute and caducous fibrillose scales; subglobose to globose basidiospores (5.7–7.2 × 5.5–6.8 µm), clavate basidia (24–34 × 7–10 µm); occurrence in a pure evergreen bushland dominated by Quercus sp., and cespitose and gregarious habit on the ground. L. pallidofumosum differs in the smaller basidiospores (4.5–5.6 × 4.3–5.4 µm), and solitary, gregarious or subcaespitose habit on the ground in a mixed forest dominated by Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandi, and Quercus fabrei. Holotype:— CHINA. Yunnan Province, Deqin County, Hongpo Village, 28°17′37″ N, 98°55′25″ E, elev. 3341 m, 06 July 2022, 22hp0175 (HKAS 127113). Description:— Pileus 40–60 mm diameter, not very fleshy, convex or convex-paraboloid when young to applanate when older, with a broad, low and obtuse central umbo; surface dry, covered by minute fibrillose scales, frequently caducous; margin inrolled; initially light greyish orange (7C2) to dark greyish orange (7D–6), then greyish orange (7D3–6) or slightly desaturated orange (7C4) with a darker center and margin. Lamellae close, adnate or subdecurrent, whitish (7A1). Stipe 30–55 × 4–13 mm, cylindrical, central, solid, whitish (7A1), surface appressed fibrillose. Context thin, whitish (7A1), unchanging in color when injured. Smell faint, taste mild. Basidiospores hyaline, subglobose to globose, smooth, some with a single oil drop and a small apiculus, (5.6–) 5.7–7.2 (–7.4) × (5.2–) 5.5–6.8 (–7.1) µm, (m/n/p=97/5/3), l m =6.4 ± 0.4 µm, w m =6.1 ± 0.4 µm, Q=1.0–1.1, Q m =1.1 ± 0.0. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, sometimes ventricose, (22.4–) 24.1–33.8 (–35.2) × (7.1–) 7.3–9.9 (–10.8) µm, l m =29.1 ± 2.5 µm, w m =8.6 ± 0.7 µm, Q= (2.5–) 2.8–4.1 (–4.6), Q m =3.4 ± 0.4. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia not observed. Lamella trama more or less regular, hyphae 4.9–16.1 (–24.5) µm wide, thin-walled with constricted septa, hyaline. Pileipellis a cutis, composed of parallel, cylindrical hyphae, not or slightly narrowed at septa, 2.9–6.7 µm wide, thickwalled, branched or non-branched. Stipitipellis consisting of parallel, cylindrical hyphae, 2.4–8.5 µm wide, thickwalled, non-branched. Clamp connections present in all tissues of the basidioma. Habitat:—cespitose and gregarious on the ground in a pure evergreen bushland dominated by Quercus sp. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Yunnan Province, Xuanwei County, Reshui Town, in a mixed forest, 25°58′17″ N, 103°44′50″ E, elev. 2344m, 24 July 2019, YAASM6138 (HKAS 124189); ibid., 09 September 2021, 21rs0242 (HKAS 124190); ibid., Shangri-La County, 16 October 2020, YAASM6215; ibid., 26 July 2006, Yang 4742 (HKAS 50539); ibid., Lanping County, Jinding Town, 15 October 2011, Zhao 1334 (HKAS 74287). Ex-type: YAASM6843 and YAASM6844, isolated from the inner tissues of two basidiomata. Ex-type sequences:—YAASM6843/HKAS127113 = LSU: OQ418112, ITS: OQ418117; YAASM6844/ HKAS127113 = LSU: OQ418111, ITS: OQ418116.

Lyophyllum deqinense Y.H. Ma, W.M. Chen & Y.C. Zhao sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3) MycoBank: MB 847556 Etymology:—the epithet “deqin” refers to Deqin County where the holotype was collected. Diagnosis:—This species is characterized by its greyish orange to slightly desaturated orange pileus with a broad, low and obtuse central umbo, covered by minute and caducous fibrillose scales; subglobose to globose basidiospores (5.7–7.2 × 5.5–6.8 µm), clavate basidia (24–34 × 7–10 µm); occurrence in a pure evergreen bushland dominated by Quercus sp., and cespitose and gregarious habit on the ground. L. pallidofumosum differs in the smaller basidiospores (4.5–5.6 × 4.3–5.4 µm), and solitary, gregarious or subcaespitose habit on the ground in a mixed forest dominated by Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandi, and Quercus fabrei. Holotype:— CHINA. Yunnan Province, Deqin County, Hongpo Village, 28°17′37″ N, 98°55′25″ E, elev. 3341 m, 06 July 2022, 22hp0175 (HKAS 127113). Description:— Pileus 40–60 mm diameter, not very fleshy, convex or convex-paraboloid when young to applanate when older, with a broad, low and obtuse central umbo; surface dry, covered by minute fibrillose scales, frequently caducous; margin inrolled; initially light greyish orange (7C2) to dark greyish orange (7D–6), then greyish orange (7D3–6) or slightly desaturated orange (7C4) with a darker center and margin. Lamellae close, adnate or subdecurrent, whitish (7A1). Stipe 30–55 × 4–13 mm, cylindrical, central, solid, whitish (7A1), surface appressed fibrillose. Context thin, whitish (7A1), unchanging in color when injured. Smell faint, taste mild. Basidiospores hyaline, subglobose to globose, smooth, some with a single oil drop and a small apiculus, (5.6–) 5.7–7.2 (–7.4) × (5.2–) 5.5–6.8 (–7.1) µm, (m/n/p=97/5/3), l m =6.4 ± 0.4 µm, w m =6.1 ± 0.4 µm, Q=1.0–1.1, Q m =1.1 ± 0.0. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, sometimes ventricose, (22.4–) 24.1–33.8 (–35.2) × (7.1–) 7.3–9.9 (–10.8) µm, l m =29.1 ± 2.5 µm, w m =8.6 ± 0.7 µm, Q= (2.5–) 2.8–4.1 (–4.6), Q m =3.4 ± 0.4. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia not observed. Lamella trama more or less regular, hyphae 4.9–16.1 (–24.5) µm wide, thin-walled with constricted septa, hyaline. Pileipellis a cutis, composed of parallel, cylindrical hyphae, not or slightly narrowed at septa, 2.9–6.7 µm wide, thickwalled, branched or non-branched. Stipitipellis consisting of parallel, cylindrical hyphae, 2.4–8.5 µm wide, thickwalled, non-branched. Clamp connections present in all tissues of the basidioma. Habitat:—cespitose and gregarious on the ground in a pure evergreen bushland dominated by Quercus sp. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Yunnan Province, Xuanwei County, Reshui Town, in a mixed forest, 25°58′17″ N, 103°44′50″ E, elev. 2344m, 24 July 2019, YAASM6138 (HKAS 124189); ibid., 09 September 2021, 21rs0242 (HKAS 124190); ibid., Shangri-La County, 16 October 2020, YAASM6215; ibid., 26 July 2006, Yang 4742 (HKAS 50539); ibid., Lanping County, Jinding Town, 15 October 2011, Zhao 1334 (HKAS 74287). Ex-type: YAASM6843 and YAASM6844, isolated from the inner tissues of two basidiomata. Ex-type sequences:—YAASM6843/HKAS127113 = LSU: OQ418112, ITS: OQ418117; YAASM6844/ HKAS127113 = LSU: OQ418111, ITS: OQ418116., Published as part of Ma, Yuanhao, Liu, Ping, Zhao, Ziyue, Chen, Weimin & Zhao, Yongchang, 2023, Lyophyllum deqinense (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales), a new species from southwestern China, pp. 219-228 in Phytotaxa 598 (3) on pages 223-226, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7969944

In this paper, we focus on an under-explored issue of biased activation in prior weakly-supervised object localization methods based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM). We analyze the cause of this problem from a causal view and attribute it to the co-occurring background confounders. Following this insight, we propose a novel Counterfactual Co-occurring Learning (CCL) paradigm to synthesize the counterfactual representations via coupling constant foreground and unrealized backgrounds in order to cut off their co-occurring relationship. Specifically, we design a new network structure called Counterfactual-CAM, which embeds the counterfactual representation perturbation mechanism into the vanilla CAM-based model. This mechanism is responsible for decoupling foreground as well as background and synthesizing the counterfactual representations. By training the detection model with these synthesized representations, we compel the model to focus on the constant foreground content while minimizing the influence of distracting co-occurring background. To our best knowledge, it is the first attempt in this direction. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate that Counterfactual-CAM successfully mitigates the biased activation problem, achieving improved object localization accuracy., 13 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables

The prevalence of heart failure is increasing, causing a tremendous burden on health care systems around the world. Although mortality rate of heart failure has been significantly reduced by several effective agents in the past 3 decades, yet it remains high in observational studies. More recently, several new classes of drugs emerged with significant efficacy in reducing mortality and hospitalization in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). To integrate these effective therapies and prioritize them in the management of Asian patients, Taiwan Society of Cardiology has recently appointed a working group to formulate a consensus of pharmacological treatment in patients with chronic heart failure. Based on most updated information, this consensus provides rationales for prioritization, rapid sequencing, and in-hospital initiation of both foundational and additional therapies for patients with chronic heart failure.

ObjectiveTo compare survival outcomes of type B radical hysterectomy (RH) and type C RH in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively identified continuous cervical cancer patients with FIGO stage IA2-IB2 and IIA1 who underwent either type B RH (n = 278) or type C RH (n = 148) performed by the same group of surgeons between 2009 and 2018. Propensity score matching was carried out to minimize selection biases. Intraoperative photographs, immediate postoperative questionnaire and specimen measurements were used to accurately determine the extensive of surgery. We further narrowed the study population to patients with specific histological subtypes and patients with deep stromal invasion.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 42.41 ± 24.60 months. After adjusting, no differences in the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were found between the type B group and the type C group (OS: 87.8% vs. 89.4%, P = 0.814; DFS: 84.9% vs. 85.6%, P = 0.898). In further analysis of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, similar 5-year OS and DFS rates were found between two groups (OS: 88.7% vs. 97.1%, P = 0.250; DFS: 84.7% vs. 92.3%, P = 0.541). Consistent results were found in patients with deep stromal invasion (OS: 81.8% vs. 100%, P = 0.144; DFS: 82.8% vs. 100%, P = 0.128).ConclusionsType B RH could be used to treat FIGO stage IA2-IB2 and IIA1 cervical cancer to get equivalent 5-year OS and DFS. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Clubiona flammaforma sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 7 Type material. Holotype: ♁, CHINA: Hubei Province, Enshi City, Badong county, Yanduhe Town, Songziyuan Village, 31.35279°N, 110.39937°E, 1836 m, 27.IV.2016, W. Liu, T. Tian & C. Zeng leg. (HNU-HB-IV-1607). Paratypes: 1♁, same data as holotype (HNU-HB-IV-1607); 2&female;, same place as holotype, 31.35067°N, 110.42625°E, 1340 m, 28.IV.2016, W. Liu et al. leg. (HNU-HB-IV-1608). Etymology. The specific epithet is the combination of the Latin flamma (fire) and formis (form), referring to the flame-shaped RTA, adjective. Diagnosis. Clubiona flammaforma sp. nov. resembles C. rostrata Paik, 1985 (see Zhu & Zhang 2011: fig. 266A–E) in having similar course of both embolus in male and copulatory ducts in female, but can be distinguished by: (1) the RTA trifurcate (Fig 1F) (vs. uniramous, with a ventral protuberance in C. rostrata); (2) the embolic base with a stronger dentiform process extended upwards distally in ventral view (Fig 1D) (vs. with a weak tooth extended horizontally in C. rostrata); (3) the posterior margin of epigyne recurve, without median excavation (Fig 2C) (vs. margine procurve, with oblong excavation in C. rostrata); (4) the proximal portion of copulatory ducts separated from each other and arc-shaped (Fig 2D) (vs. close to each other and straight in C. rostrata). Description. Male (holotype) (Fig. 1A, B). Total length 3.91; carapace 1.98 long, 1.35 wide; abdomen 2.15 long, 1.12 wide. Carapace dark yellow; fovea reddish and longitudinal, cervical groove inconspicuous, radial grooves visible. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly precurved in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.10, MOQL 0.20, MOQA 0.26, MOQP 0.42. Chelicerae yellowish, with five promarginal teeth and seven retromarginal teeth. Endites and labium yellow. Sternum yellow, almost oval. Legs yellow; tibiae I and II with two pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I and II with a pair of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I 4.04 (1.13, 1.76, 0.77, 0.45), II 4.22 (1.19, 1.77, 0.81, 0.45), III 3.59 (1.14, 1.25, 0.78, 0.42), IV 5.84 (1.91, 1.88, 1.59, 0.46). Abdomen elongate oval, dorsum yellowish white, with brown pinnate pattern posteriorly and two pairs of muscular depressions; venter yellowish white. Spinneret yellowish white. Palp (Fig. 1C–G). Femur and patella without apophysis. Tibia as long as patella and about 1/3 length of cymbium, RTA longer than tibia, sclerotized and trifurcated, flame-shaped, ventral branch tuberculate with blunt tip, lateral branch strongest with pointed tip, dorsal branch spiniform with pointed tip. Cymbium longer than wide. Tegulum relatively flattened, longer than wide. Conductor groovelike, membranous, located distally on retrolateral side of tegulum. Embolus slender, angled across the distal end of tegulum and extended to about 2/3 length of tegulum; embolic base broad with a stronger dentiform process extended upwards distally. Sperm duct slender and twisted in ventral view. Female (one of HNU-HB-IV-1608) (Fig. 2A–B). Total length 4.82. Carapace 2.09 long, 1.50 wide; abdomen 2.71 long, 1.58 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.22, PME–PLE 0.13, ALE–PLE 0.07, MOQL 0.27, MOQA 0.32, MOQP 0.47. Leg measurements: I 3.76 (1.14, 1.54, 0.70, 0.38), II 4.06 (1.26, 1.66, 0.72, 0.42), III 3.73 (1.14, 1.30, 0.90, 0.39), IV 5.77 (1.88, 1.77, 1.63, 0.49). Darker than male, patterns same as in male. Epigyne (Fig.2C, D).With trapezoid epigynal plate.Copulatory openings united at postmedian potion of epigyne. Copulatory ducts longitudinally arc-shaped and extended upwards, then twisted into oval loops. Spermathecae with two oval chambers respectively, interior chambers smaller than lateral chambers. Fertilization ducts located anteriorly inserted on spermathecal interior chambers. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 7)., Published as part of Li, Li-Fen, Liu, Ping, Li, Bing & Peng, Xian-Jin, 2023, Two new species of the sac-spider genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Clubionidae) and the female of C. subcylindrata from China, pp. 520-530 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on pages 521-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7835794, {"references":["Zhu M. S. & Zhang B. S. (2011) Spider Fauna of Henan: Arachnida: Araneae. Science Press, Beijing, 558 pp."]}

Clubiona subcylindrata Wang, Chen & Zhang, 2018 Figs 3, 4, 7 Clubiona subcylindrata Wang et al. 2018: 328, figs. 16A–C, 17A–D (♁). Holotype from Fanjing Mountain Reserve, Heiwanhe (27°50.778′N, 108°46.362′E; elev. 533 m), 26.IX.2013, L.Y. Wang, D. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China, examined by Luyu Wang). New Records. 4♁ 5&female;, CHINA: Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie City, Tianpingshan Nature Reserve, 29.76101°N, 110.04879°E, 551 m, 22.X.2014, J.H. Gan et al. leg. (HNU-HN-X-1417). Diagnosis. The males of Clubiona s ubcylindrata resemble those of C. cylindrata Liu et al., 2007 (see Liu et al. 2007: figs 13–15) in having a bulged tegulum and a slender embolus, but can be distinguished by: (1) the RTA finger-shaped with abruptly sharpened tip in retrolateral view (Fig. 3E) (vs. spinous in C. cylindrata); (2) the sperm duct invisible in ventral view (Fig. 3D) (vs. visible in C. cylindrata). The females of this species resemble those of C. cylindrata Liu et al., 2007 (see Liu et al. 2007: figs 11, 12) and C. lyriformis Song & Zhu, 1991 (see Song et al. 1991: fig. 4A, B) in having twisted tubular spermathecae, but can be distinguished by: (1) the anterior portion of atrium slightly wider than posterior portion (Fig. 4C) (vs. the anterior portion of atrium about half width of posterior portion in C. cylindrata); (2) the posterior margin of atrium opened (Fig. 4C) (vs. enclosed in C. lyriformis). Description. Male (one of HNU-HN-X-1417) (Fig. 3A, B). Total length 7.34. Carapace 3.19 long, 2.33 wide; abdomen 4.24 long, 2.03 wide. Carapace yellow, fovea reddish and longitudinal, cervical and radial grooves conspicuous. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER almost straight in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.18, PME 0.14, PLE 0.15, AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.15, ALE–PLE 0.08. MOQL 0.46, MOQA 0.52, MOQP 0.72. Chelicerae yellow with five promarginal teeth and two retromarginal teeth. Endites and labium yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish, almost oval. Legs yellow; tibiae I and II with two pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I and II with one pair of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I 8.74 (2.46, 3.54, 1.80, 0.94), II 10.29 (2.87, 4.18, 2.23, 1.01), III 7.55 (2.28, 2.61, 1.96, 0.70), IV 10.65 (2.93, 3.59, 3.26, 0.87). Abdomen elongate oval, dorsum yellow with conspicuous tufts of hairs anteriorly and two pairs of muscular depressions, venter light yellow with four rows of dots medianly. Spinneret yellow. Palp (Figs. 3C–G) Femur and patella without apophysis. Tibia and patella longer than wide, about 1/2 length of cymbium. Tibia with two apophyses; VTA shorter with blunt tip, RTA longer than VTA, finger-shaped with abruptly sharpened tip. Cymbium longer than wide. Tegulum strongly bulged, posterior margin extended to patella. Conductor membranous and leaf-shaped, arising from the top of tegulum. Embolus slender and flagelliform, arising from the middle and prolateral side of tegulum. Sperm duct invisible in ventral view. Female (one of HNU-HN-X-1417) (Figs. 4A, B). Total length 8.51. Carapace 3.67 long, 2.57 wide; abdomen 4.70 long, 2.83 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.19, PME 0.15, PLE 0.17, AME–AME 0.16, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.40, PME–PLE 0.13, ALE–PLE 0.10. MOQL 0.46, MOQA 0.53, MOQP 0.73. Leg measurements: I 8.20 (2.46, 3.35, 1.52, 0.87), II 8.42 (2.46, 3.39, 1.68, 0.89), III 7.08 (2.13, 2.40, 1.90, 0.65), IV 10.06 (2.92, 3.54, 2.78, 0.82). Colors and patterns same as in male. Epigyne (Fig. 4C, D). Epigynal plate almost rounded. Atrium almost calabash-shaped, longer than wide, and located anteriorly; posterior margin opened. Copulatory openings located at the posterolateral margin of atrium. Copulatory ducts semicircular. Spermathecae slender, tubular. Bursae oval. Fertilization ducts short and curved. Distribution. Guizhou and Hunan Provinces of China (Fig. 7)., Published as part of Li, Li-Fen, Liu, Ping, Li, Bing & Peng, Xian-Jin, 2023, Two new species of the sac-spider genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Clubionidae) and the female of C. subcylindrata from China, pp. 520-530 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on page 524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7835794, {"references":["Wang, L. Y., Chen, H. M., Wu, P. L., Zhang, F. & Zhang, Z. S. (2018) Spider diversity in Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China, II: Clubionidae (Araneae). Zoological Systematics, 43 (4), 317 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs. 201827","Liu, P., Yan, H. M., Griswold, C. & Ubick, D. (2007) Three new species of the genus Clubiona from China (Araneae: Clubionidae). Zootaxa, 1456, 63 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1456.1.3","Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S., Gao, S. S. & Guan, J. D. (1991 a) Six species of clubionid spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae) from China. Journal of Xinjiang University, 8, 66 - 72."]}

Clubiona tianpingshan sp. nov. Figs 5–7 Type material. Holotype: ♁, CHINA: Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie City, Tianpingshan Nature Reserve, 29.79004°N, 110.09161°E, 1442 m, 23.X.2014, J.H. Gan, Y.H. Gong, C. Wang & B. Zhou leg. (HNU-HN-X-1418). Paratypes: 1&female;, same data as holotype (HNU-HN-X-1418); 2 ♁ 2&female;, Tianpingshan Nature Reserve, 29.77190°N, 110.06751°E, 1348 m, 24.X.2014, J.H. Gan et al. leg. (HNU-HN-X-1419). Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the type locality, noun. Diagnosis. The males of Clubiona tianpingshan sp. nov. resemble those of C. huiming Wang et al., 2018 (see Wang et al. 2018: figs 8, 9) in having helical embolus and simple RTA and VTA, but can be distinguished by: (1) the embolic base about 1/3 width of the tegulum in ventral view (Fig. 5D) (vs. about 1/6 width of the tegulum in C. huiming); (2) the conductor arising from the anterior 1/3 of the tegulum and the terminal portion above the top of tegulum in retrolateral view (Fig. 5E) (vs. arising from the median portion of the tegulum and its terminal portion below the top of tegulum in C. huiming). The females of the new species resemble those of C. applanata Liu et al., 2007 (see Liu et al. 2007: figs 1, 2) and C. subapplanata Wang, et al., 2018 (see Wang et al. 2018: figs 14C, D, 15E, F) in having an oval atrium located anteriorly, a pair of large bursae and a pair of spermathecae with two chambers, but can be distinguished from the two species by (1) the margin of atrium thinner and posterior margin W-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 6C) (vs. thicker and rounded posteriorly in C. applanate and C. subapplanata); (2) the copulatory duct longer and twisted into two circular loops in dorsal view (Fig. 6D) (vs. shorter in C. applanate and C. subapplanata); (3) the posterior tubular chambers of spermathecae extended vertically in dorsal view (Fig. 6D) (vs. extended transversely in C. applanate and C. subapplanata). Description. Male (holotype) (Fig. 5A, B). Total length 3.85; carapace 1.80 long, 1.24 wide; abdomen 2.07 long, 1.29 wide. Carapace yellow; fovea reddish and longitudinal, cervical and radial grooves inconspicuous. Eyes: AER and PER slightly recurved in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.04, MOQL 0.27, MOQA 0.22, MOQP 0.37. Chelicerae yellow, each margin with five teeth. Endites and Labium yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish, almost oval. Legs yellowish; tibiae I and II with three pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I and II with two pairs of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I 4.20 (1.28, 1.65, 0.75, 0.52), II 4.30 (1.34, 1.60, 0.89, 0.47), III 3.84 (1.17, 1.32, 0.93, 0.41), IV 5.46 (1.68, 1.84, 1.44, 0.50). Abdomen oval, dorsum light yellow, with conspicuous tufts of hairs anteriorly, and two pairs of muscular depressions, venter light yellow. Spinneret yellow. Palp (Fig. 5C–F). Femur without apophysis. Patella wider than long in dorsal view, with a thumb-shaped retroapical apophysis. Tibia shorter and narrower than patella, about 1/3 length of cymbium, with three apophyses; RTA sclerotized and flat, almost triangular with pointed tip in retrolateral view; VTA smaller than RTA, triangular with blunt tip; LTA smallest and with blunt tip. Cymbium longer than wide. Tegulum enlarged and protruded, slightly longer than wide. Conductor beak-shaped with sharp apices, located retrolaterally and arising distally from the 1/3 portion of tegulum in retrolateral view. Embolus arising from the top of tegulum, helical and extended anticlockwise, basal portion about 1/3 wide of tegulum, distal portion filiform. Sperm duct U-shaped in ventral view. Female (HNU-HN-1418) (Fig. 6A, B). Total length 4.23; carapace 1.88 long, 1.37 wide; abdomen 2.37 long, 1.40 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.19, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.08, MOQL 0.31, MOQA 0.23, MOQP 0.40. Leg measurements: I 3.96 (1.21, 1.58, 0.75, 0.42), II 4.07 (1.29, 1.67, 0.73, 0.38), III 3.65 (1.06, 1.33, 0.89, 0.37), IV 5.05 (1.52, 1.70, 1.36, 0.47). Colors and patterns same as in male. Epigyne (Fig. 6C, D). Epigynal plate almost rounded. Atrium almost oval, wider than long, about 3/5 width of epigyne, located anteriorly, posterior margin thickened and W-shaped. Copulatory openings located in the posterior margin of atrium. Copulatory ducts twisted into two circular loops. Spermathecae meso-laterally located with two chambers respectively; anterior chamber globular, posterior chamber tubular and extended vertically. Bursae almost globular, located posteriorly. Fertilization ducts short and curved. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 7)., Published as part of Li, Li-Fen, Liu, Ping, Li, Bing & Peng, Xian-Jin, 2023, Two new species of the sac-spider genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Clubionidae) and the female of C. subcylindrata from China, pp. 520-530 in Zootaxa 5263 (4) on pages 524-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7835794, {"references":["Wang, L. Y., Chen, H. M., Wu, P. L., Zhang, F. & Zhang, Z. S. (2018) Spider diversity in Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China, II: Clubionidae (Araneae). Zoological Systematics, 43 (4), 317 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs. 201827","Liu, P., Yan, H. M., Griswold, C. & Ubick, D. (2007) Three new species of the genus Clubiona from China (Araneae: Clubionidae). Zootaxa, 1456, 63 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1456.1.3"]}

Clubiona tianpingshan sp. nov. Figs 5–7 Type material. Holotype: ♁, CHINA: Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie City, Tianpingshan Nature Reserve, 29.79004°N, 110.09161°E, 1442 m, 23.X.2014, J.H. Gan, Y.H. Gong, C. Wang & B. Zhou leg. (HNU-HN-X-1418). Paratypes: 1&female;, same data as holotype (HNU-HN-X-1418); 2 ♁ 2&female;, Tianpingshan Nature Reserve, 29.77190°N, 110.06751°E, 1348 m, 24.X.2014, J.H. Gan et al. leg. (HNU-HN-X-1419). Etymology. The specific epithet comes from the type locality, noun. Diagnosis. The males of Clubiona tianpingshan sp. nov. resemble those of C. huiming Wang et al., 2018 (see Wang et al. 2018: figs 8, 9) in having helical embolus and simple RTA and VTA, but can be distinguished by: (1) the embolic base about 1/3 width of the tegulum in ventral view (Fig. 5D) (vs. about 1/6 width of the tegulum in C. huiming); (2) the conductor arising from the anterior 1/3 of the tegulum and the terminal portion above the top of tegulum in retrolateral view (Fig. 5E) (vs. arising from the median portion of the tegulum and its terminal portion below the top of tegulum in C. huiming). The females of the new species resemble those of C. applanata Liu et al., 2007 (see Liu et al. 2007: figs 1, 2) and C. subapplanata Wang, et al., 2018 (see Wang et al. 2018: figs 14C, D, 15E, F) in having an oval atrium located anteriorly, a pair of large bursae and a pair of spermathecae with two chambers, but can be distinguished from the two species by (1) the margin of atrium thinner and posterior margin W-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 6C) (vs. thicker and rounded posteriorly in C. applanate and C. subapplanata); (2) the copulatory duct longer and twisted into two circular loops in dorsal view (Fig. 6D) (vs. shorter in C. applanate and C. subapplanata); (3) the posterior tubular chambers of spermathecae extended vertically in dorsal view (Fig. 6D) (vs. extended transversely in C. applanate and C. subapplanata). Description. Male (holotype) (Fig. 5A, B). Total length 3.85; carapace 1.80 long, 1.24 wide; abdomen 2.07 long, 1.29 wide. Carapace yellow; fovea reddish and longitudinal, cervical and radial grooves inconspicuous. Eyes: AER and PER slightly recurved in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.04, MOQL 0.27, MOQA 0.22, MOQP 0.37. Chelicerae yellow, each margin with five teeth. Endites and Labium yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish, almost oval. Legs yellowish; tibiae I and II with three pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I and II with two pairs of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I 4.20 (1.28, 1.65, 0.75, 0.52), II 4.30 (1.34, 1.60, 0.89, 0.47), III 3.84 (1.17, 1.32, 0.93, 0.41), IV 5.46 (1.68, 1.84, 1.44, 0.50). Abdomen oval, dorsum light yellow, with conspicuous tufts of hairs anteriorly, and two pairs of muscular depressions, venter light yellow. Spinneret yellow. Palp (Fig. 5C–F). Femur without apophysis. Patella wider than long in dorsal view, with a thumb-shaped retroapical apophysis. Tibia shorter and narrower than patella, about 1/3 length of cymbium, with three apophyses; RTA sclerotized and flat, almost triangular with pointed tip in retrolateral view; VTA smaller than RTA, triangular with blunt tip; LTA smallest and with blunt tip. Cymbium longer than wide. Tegulum enlarged and protruded, slightly longer than wide. Conductor beak-shaped with sharp apices, located retrolaterally and arising distally from the 1/3 portion of tegulum in retrolateral view. Embolus arising from the top of tegulum, helical and extended anticlockwise, basal portion about 1/3 wide of tegulum, distal portion filiform. Sperm duct U-shaped in ventral view. Female (HNU-HN-1418) (Fig. 6A, B). Total length 4.23; carapace 1.88 long, 1.37 wide; abdomen 2.37 long, 1.40 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.12, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.19, PME–PLE 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.08, MOQL 0.31, MOQA 0.23, MOQP 0.40. Leg measurements: I 3.96 (1.21, 1.58, 0.75, 0.42), II 4.07 (1.29, 1.67, 0.73, 0.38), III 3.65 (1.06, 1.33, 0.89, 0.37), IV 5.05 (1.52, 1.70, 1.36, 0.47). Colors and patterns same as in male. Epigyne (Fig. 6C, D). Epigynal plate almost rounded. Atrium almost oval, wider than long, about 3/5 width of epigyne, located anteriorly, posterior margin thickened and W-shaped. Copulatory openings located in the posterior margin of atrium. Copulatory ducts twisted into two circular loops. Spermathecae meso-laterally located with two chambers respectively; anterior chamber globular, posterior chamber tubular and extended vertically. Bursae almost globular, located posteriorly. Fertilization ducts short and curved. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 7).

Clubiona flammaforma sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 7 Type material. Holotype: ♁, CHINA: Hubei Province, Enshi City, Badong county, Yanduhe Town, Songziyuan Village, 31.35279°N, 110.39937°E, 1836 m, 27.IV.2016, W. Liu, T. Tian & C. Zeng leg. (HNU-HB-IV-1607). Paratypes: 1♁, same data as holotype (HNU-HB-IV-1607); 2&female;, same place as holotype, 31.35067°N, 110.42625°E, 1340 m, 28.IV.2016, W. Liu et al. leg. (HNU-HB-IV-1608). Etymology. The specific epithet is the combination of the Latin flamma (fire) and formis (form), referring to the flame-shaped RTA, adjective. Diagnosis. Clubiona flammaforma sp. nov. resembles C. rostrata Paik, 1985 (see Zhu & Zhang 2011: fig. 266A–E) in having similar course of both embolus in male and copulatory ducts in female, but can be distinguished by: (1) the RTA trifurcate (Fig 1F) (vs. uniramous, with a ventral protuberance in C. rostrata); (2) the embolic base with a stronger dentiform process extended upwards distally in ventral view (Fig 1D) (vs. with a weak tooth extended horizontally in C. rostrata); (3) the posterior margin of epigyne recurve, without median excavation (Fig 2C) (vs. margine procurve, with oblong excavation in C. rostrata); (4) the proximal portion of copulatory ducts separated from each other and arc-shaped (Fig 2D) (vs. close to each other and straight in C. rostrata). Description. Male (holotype) (Fig. 1A, B). Total length 3.91; carapace 1.98 long, 1.35 wide; abdomen 2.15 long, 1.12 wide. Carapace dark yellow; fovea reddish and longitudinal, cervical groove inconspicuous, radial grooves visible. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly precurved in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.10, MOQL 0.20, MOQA 0.26, MOQP 0.42. Chelicerae yellowish, with five promarginal teeth and seven retromarginal teeth. Endites and labium yellow. Sternum yellow, almost oval. Legs yellow; tibiae I and II with two pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I and II with a pair of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I 4.04 (1.13, 1.76, 0.77, 0.45), II 4.22 (1.19, 1.77, 0.81, 0.45), III 3.59 (1.14, 1.25, 0.78, 0.42), IV 5.84 (1.91, 1.88, 1.59, 0.46). Abdomen elongate oval, dorsum yellowish white, with brown pinnate pattern posteriorly and two pairs of muscular depressions; venter yellowish white. Spinneret yellowish white. Palp (Fig. 1C–G). Femur and patella without apophysis. Tibia as long as patella and about 1/3 length of cymbium, RTA longer than tibia, sclerotized and trifurcated, flame-shaped, ventral branch tuberculate with blunt tip, lateral branch strongest with pointed tip, dorsal branch spiniform with pointed tip. Cymbium longer than wide. Tegulum relatively flattened, longer than wide. Conductor groovelike, membranous, located distally on retrolateral side of tegulum. Embolus slender, angled across the distal end of tegulum and extended to about 2/3 length of tegulum; embolic base broad with a stronger dentiform process extended upwards distally. Sperm duct slender and twisted in ventral view. Female (one of HNU-HB-IV-1608) (Fig. 2A–B). Total length 4.82. Carapace 2.09 long, 1.50 wide; abdomen 2.71 long, 1.58 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.14, PME 0.14, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.22, PME–PLE 0.13, ALE–PLE 0.07, MOQL 0.27, MOQA 0.32, MOQP 0.47. Leg measurements: I 3.76 (1.14, 1.54, 0.70, 0.38), II 4.06 (1.26, 1.66, 0.72, 0.42), III 3.73 (1.14, 1.30, 0.90, 0.39), IV 5.77 (1.88, 1.77, 1.63, 0.49). Darker than male, patterns same as in male. Epigyne (Fig.2C, D).With trapezoid epigynal plate.Copulatory openings united at postmedian potion of epigyne. Copulatory ducts longitudinally arc-shaped and extended upwards, then twisted into oval loops. Spermathecae with two oval chambers respectively, interior chambers smaller than lateral chambers. Fertilization ducts located anteriorly inserted on spermathecal interior chambers. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 7).

Yan Sun, Lumi Zhang, Ping Liu, Guoping Peng Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guoping Peng, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, &num;79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13588150613, Email guopingpeng@zju.edu.cnAbstract: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with heterogenous clinical, genetic, and pathological characteristics that show similar impairment of areas in the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Prime doctors’ lack of awareness of this complex disease makes early identification and accurate intervention difficult. Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies are manifestations of different levels of autoimmune reactions. This review presents research findings examining the relationship between autoimmunity and FTLD in terms of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies with a focus on identifying potential diagnosis and treatment approaches. The findings indicate that the same or similar pathophysiological mechanisms may exist from clinical, genetic, and pathological perspectives. However, the existing evidence is not sufficient to extract substantial conclusions. On the basis of the current situation, we propose future research patterns using prospective studies on large populations and combined clinical and experimental research. Autoimmune reactions or, more generally, inflammatory reactions should receive increased attention from doctors and scientists of all disciplines.Keywords: frontotemporal lobar degeneration, autoimmunity, autoimmune disorders, autoantibodies, diagnosis, treatment

NanoSIMS has been widely used for in-situ sulfur isotopic analysis (32S and 34S) of micron-sized grains or complex zoning in sulfide in terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples. However, the conventional spot mode analysis is restricted by depth effects at the spatial resolution < 0.5–1 μm. Thus sufficient signal amount cannot be achieved due to limited analytical depths, resulting in low analytical precision (1.5‰). Here we report a new method that simultaneously improves spatial resolution and precision of sulfur isotopic analysis based on the NanoSIMS imaging mode. This method uses a long acquisition time (e.g., 3 h) for each analytical area to obtain sufficient signal amount, rastered with the Cs+ primary beam of ∼100 nm in diameter. Due to the high acquisition time, primary ion beam (FCP) intensity drifting and quasi-simultaneous arrival (QSA) significantly affects the sulfur isotopic measurement of secondary ion images. Therefore, the interpolation correction was used to eliminate the effect of FCP intensity variation, and the coefficients for the QSA correction were determined with sulfide isotopic standards. Then, the sulfur isotopic composition was acquired by the segmentation and calculation of the calibrated isotopic images. The optimal spatial resolution of ∼ 100 nm (Sampling volume of 5 nm × 1.5 μm2) for sulfur isotopic analysis can be implemented with an analytical precision of ∼1‰ (1SD). Our study demonstrates that imaging analysis is superior to spot-mode analysis in irregular analytical areas where relatively high spatial resolution and precision are required and may be widely applied to other isotopic analyses.

Purpose: Proximal tibial fractures are common, but the current available internal fixation strategies remain debatable, especially for comminuted fractures. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical stability of three internal fixation strategies for extra-articular comminuted proximal tibial fractures.Methods: A total of 90 synthetic tibiae models of simulated proximal tibial fractures with segmental bone defects were randomly divided into three groups: Single lateral plating (LP), double plating (DP) and intramedullary nailing (IN). Based on the different number of fixed screws, the above three groups were further divided into nine subgroups and subjected to axial compression, cyclic loading and static torsional testing.Results: The subgroup of intramedullary nailing with five proximal interlocking screws showed the highest axial stiffness of 384.36 ± 35.00 N/mm. The LP group obtained the lowest axial stiffness performance with a value of 96.59 ± 16.14 N/mm. As expected, the DP group offered significantly greater biomechanical stability than the LP group, with mean static axial stiffness and mean torque increasing by approximately 200% and 50%, respectively. According to static torsional experiments, the maximum torque of the DP subgroup was 3,308.32 ± 286.21 N mm, which outperformed all other groups in terms of torsional characteristics.Conclusion: Utilizing more than four distal screws did not provide improved biomechanical stability in the LP or DP groups, while a substantial increase in the biomechanical stability of DP was obtained when an additional medial plate was used. For the intramedullary nailing group, increasing the number of proximal interlocking screws could significantly improve biomechanical stability, and the intramedullary nailing with three proximal interlocking screws had similar static and cyclic stiffness as the DP group. The intramedullary nailing with five proximal screws had better axial stability, whereas DP had better torsional stability.

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between parental cognitive awareness (criticality, disruption and novelty cognition) of DBR, educational anxiety, and attitudes toward students’ physical exercise and students’ extracurricular physical exercise so as to construct and verify a conditional process model.MethodsWe adopted a stratified random cluster sampling approach and conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey with 2,700 junior high school students and their parents across 9 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.ResultsParents generally had a certain degree of cognitive awareness of DBR. Criticality cognition and disruption cognition had a significant positive impact on junior high school students’ extracurricular physical exercise (β = 0.24, p β = 0.04, p β = −0.04, p = 0.06). Parents’ educational anxiety played a significant mediating role in parents’ cognition of DBR and students’ extracurricular physical exercise (criticality cognition: β = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.06; disruption cognition: β = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.31–0.42). Parents’ attitude toward students’ exercise also played a significant positive moderating effect in the mediation model (criticality cognition: β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.002–0.031; disruption cognition: β = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.007–0.013).ConclusionParents’ novelty, disruption, and criticality cognition of DBR have different effects on parents’ education anxiety and students’ extracurricular physical exercise, in which parental educational anxiety mediates the influence of DBR cognition on students’ extracurricular physical exercise, while attitudes toward students’ extracurricular physical exercise positively moderates the mediating effect.

BACKGROUND: The optimal alternative treatment strategy to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) for in-stent restenosis (ISR) in left main (LM) coronary artery disease remains uncertain. METHODS: We retrospectively screened all intervention reports from an intervention database and extracted those mentioning an LM stent. We then manually confirmed reports involving LM ISR and divided them into two groups, those in which the patient received a new drug-eluting stent (new-DES) strategy, and those in which the patient received a drug-coated balloon (DCB) only. A composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and each individual endpoint were compared. We also performed a brief analysis of similar designed studies. RESULTS: Between the new-DES (n = 40) and DCB-only (n = 22) groups, during median respective follow-up times of 581.5 and 642.5 days, no significant statistical differences were detected in MACEs (50.0% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.974), cardiovascular death (27.5% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.214), nonfatal myocardial infarction (30.0% vs. 31.8%, p = 0.835), or target lesion revascularization (35.0% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.542). We analyzed four similar studies and found comparable MACE findings (odds ratio: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.44-1.67). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support both DCB angioplasty and repeat DES implantation for LMISR lesions in patients who were clinically judged to be unsuitable for CABG; the treatments achieved comparable clinical results in terms of MACEs in the medium term.

BACKGROUND: The National Health Insurance Administration in Taiwan has promoted the heart failure post-acute care (HF-PAC) program as a means to provide proactive integrated care within the optimal treatment timeframe to enhance functional recovery after acute decompensated heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this program was to reduce HF readmission rates, improved medication prescription rates, and improve the quality of life in HF patients. METHODS: Patients who had a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤ 40% were included and followed up for 6 months after discharge. They underwent cardiac rehabilitation and physiological, and nutritional status evaluations. The main clinical outcomes of the HF-PAC program were guideline-directed medical therapy prescription rate and 6-month readmission rate. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients were recruited from June 2018 to December 2020 at a medical center in southern Taiwan. The patients’ activities of daily living, nutritional status, quality of life and LVEF were significantly improved during the HF-PAC program. More than 95% of the patients received guideline-directed medical prescriptions at the end of the HF-PAC program. The cardiovascular-related 6-month re-admission rate after the HF-PAC program ended was 27.7%, and it could be predicted by the New York Health Association functional class [hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 4.12 (1.36-12.46)], value of the Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form [HR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.31-0.68)] and LVEF [HR (95% CI) = 0.95 (0.91-0.99)]. CONCLUSIONS: By incorporating multidisciplinary healthcare teams, the HF-PAC program improves the guideline- directed medical therapy prescription rate, thus improving patients’ cardiac function, physical activity recovery, the quality of life, and also reduces their readmission rate.

BackgroundThe current exploration of the tumor immune microenvironment is enthusiastic, but few studies explored the impact of angiogenesis on the immune microenvironment. Immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenesis therapy has become one of the first-line treatment for lung adenocarcinoma. Our study aimed to explore the reasons for resistance of immunotherapy, and explore markers for immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenesis therapy.MethodsFirst, by unsupervised clustering of 36 angiogenesis-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma patients from TCGA database, AGS1 and AGS2 groups were distinguished with significantly different clinical outcomes. Secondly, the immune microenvironment and metabolic characteristics were analyzed. Next, we used the GDSC and GEO database to analyze therapeutic responses. Then, through multivariate Cox regression, the hub gene: JAG1, significantly related to prognosis was selected, and further verified by multi-omics data. Finally, we validated that patient with high JAG1 expression had a low immune-infiltrating tumor microenvironment through single-cell transcriptomic data.ResultsCompared with the AGS1 group, AGS2 showed an immune “cold” phenotype with lower lymphocyte infiltration, and was associated with worse prognoses. At the same time, the immunosuppressive TGF-β response was significantly higher in AGS2. Furthermore, the glycolysis ability of the AGS2 was stronger than AGS1. The expression of JAG1 was significantly higher in the AGS2, and was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of immune infiltration, accompanying with higher glycolytic capacity. The above results indicate that patients with high expression of JAG1 may lead to immunosuppressive phenotype due to its strong glycolytic capacity, thus making immunotherapy resistance.ConclusionPatients with high expression of JAG1 enhanced glycolytic capacity was likely to cause suppressed immune microenvironment. JAG1 may be a marker for resistance of immunotherapy. Combining anti-angiogenesis therapy could be considered to improve the prognosis of those patients.

Objective: To construct a model to predict the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on a nomogram and verify it. Methods: Data from 182 patients with GDM treated in Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital from January 2018 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 491 normal parturients who underwent physical examination in Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital during the same period were selected as controls. With a ratio of 7:3, patients with GDM were divided into a training group (n=128) and a verification (n=54) group, and 491 normal parturients were divided into a training control group (n=344) and a verification control group (n=147). Clinical data were collected, and risk factors for GDM were analyzed by logistic regression. R language was used to construct a prognostic prediction nomogram model for GDM, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to evaluate the accuracy of this nomogram model in predicting the prognosis of GDM. Results: Univariate analysis revealed that age, body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, hemoglobin, triglycerides, serum ferritin, and fasting blood glucose in the first trimester were different between the training group and the training control group (P

By introducing a new operator theory, we provide a unified mathematical theory for general source resolution in the multi-illumination imaging problem. Our main idea is to transform multi-illumination imaging into single-snapshot imaging with a new imaging kernel that depends on both the illumination patterns and the point spread function of the imaging system. We thus prove that the resolution of multi-illumination imaging is approximately determined by the essential cutoff frequency of the new imaging kernel, which is roughly limited by the sum of the cutoff frequency of the point spread function and the maximum essential frequency in the illumination patterns. Our theory provides a unified way to estimate the resolution of various existing super-resolution modalities and results in the same estimates as those obtained in experiments. In addition, based on the reformulation of the multi-illumination imaging problem, we also estimate the resolution limits for resolving both complex and positive sources by sparsity-based approaches. We show that the resolution of multi-illumination imaging is approximately determined by the new imaging kernel from our operator theory and better resolution can be realized by sparsity-promoting techniques in practice but only for resolving very sparse sources. This explains experimentally observed phenomena in some sparsity-based super-resolution modalities.

By introducing a new operator theory, we provide a unified mathematical theory for general source resolution in the multi-illumination imaging problem. Our main idea is to transform multi-illumination imaging into single-snapshot imaging with a new imaging kernel that depends on both the illumination patterns and the point spread function of the imaging system. We therefore prove that the resolution of multi-illumination imaging is approximately determined by the essential cutoff frequency of the new imaging kernel, which is roughly limited by the sum of the cutoff frequency of the point spread function and the maximum essential frequency in the illumination patterns. Our theory provides a unified way to estimate the resolution of various existing super-resolution modalities and results in the same estimates as those obtained in experiments. In addition, based on the reformulation of the multi-illumination imaging problem, we also estimate the resolution limits for resolving both complex and positive sources by sparsity-based approaches. We show that the resolution of multi-illumination imaging is approximately determined by the new imaging kernel from our operator theory and better resolution can be realized by sparsity-promoting techniques in practice but only for resolving very sparse sources. This explains experimentally observed phenomena in some sparsity-based super-resolution modalities.

IntroductionPlatinum-based combination chemotherapy is recommended first choice for relapsed ovarian cancer. However, many of the chemotherapeutic agents are nephrotoxic and can promote kidney dysfunction, which affect the efficacy of cancer treatment and the survival of the patient. There is a need to explore long-term treatments of chemotherapy-free regimen of chronic kidney disease in recurrent ovarian cancer.Case presentationA 41-year-old female patient was presented with stage IIIC well-differentiated ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma in 2009. The patient had recurrence of platinum resistance after secondary cytoreductive surgery, and it was difficult to continue chemotherapy after multiple lines of chemotherapy due to myelosuppression, renal impairment and other factors. The patient accepted Niraparib-based treatment regimen after multi-line chemotherapy-induced stage 4 chronic kidney disease. Niraparib combined with anlotinib achieved median PFS of 11 months, disease re-progression, and the patient was switched to niraparib combined with letrozole from October 2021. No evidence of tumor progression was observed till date and the renal toxicity is acceptable.ConclusionsIn patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, treatment becomes increasingly challenging to subsequent therapies because of renal impairment and emerging drug resistance. Niraparib-based treatment regimen may be a good choice for patients with well-differentiated serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary who are intolerant to chemotherapy.

The combustion process of boilers under deep peak shaving is a multivariate process which has complex characteristics such as super multivariability, being nonlinear, and large delay. It is difficult to handle complex data and calculate appropriate distributed results. To this end, this study applies the A3C method based on the dynamic weight Dyna structure to the boiler combustion system. This method trains and optimizes the boiler combustion system by establishing a data center and designing appropriate states and reward values, and the simulation results show that this method can be used to optimize the boiler combustion system. It can effectively reduce NOX emissions and improve the boiler combustion efficiency.

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate whether the sequence of oocyte retrieval and salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx affects pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients.Study DesignThere were 1,610 bilateral hydrosalpinx patients who underwent laparoscopy salpingectomy and IVF-ET/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) from January 2009 to December 2018. They were divided into two groups: oocyte retrieval first group: 235 accepted oocyte retrieval before salpingectomy; operation first group: 1,375 accepted oocyte retrieval after salpingectomy. The basic information and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared. The pregnancy outcomes and influencing factors were analyzed among patients at different starting times of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) or oocyte retrieval after the salpingectomy.ResultsPatients in the oocyte retrieval first group had higher levels of basal follicle stimulating hormone and lower anti-Mullerian hormone levels (P P P > 0.05). The live birth rates of patients ≥35 years old in the operation first group and the oocyte retrieval first group were not significantly different (29.3% vs. 23.3%, P = 0.240). After adjusting for age and antral follicle count (AFC), oocyte retrieval 4–6 and 7–12 months after the operation had higher accumulated pregnancy rates [OR 1.439 (1.045–1.982), P = 0.026; OR 1.509 (1.055–2.158), P = 0.024] and higher accumulated live birth rates [OR 1.419 (1.018–1.977), P = 0.039; OR 1.544 (1.068–2.230), P = 0.021]. No significant difference was observed in the pregnancy outcomes of frozen embryo transfer at different times after salpingectomy (P > 0.05).ConclusionNo contamination of the embryo or infection was observed in patients who underwent oocyte retrieval before the operation. The interval between the operation and frozen embryo transfer did not affect the pregnancy outcomes. After adjusting for age and AFC, patients who underwent oocyte retrieval 4–6 and 7–12 months after the operation had higher accumulated pregnancy rates and live birth rates.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jva-10.1177_11297298231163224 for The impact of vascular access satisfaction on health-related quality of life in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: A 2-year follow-up study by Min Wu, Meng-Ting Li, Liu-Ping Zhang, Dong Wei, Yu-Chen Han and Min Gao in The Journal of Vascular Access

Obtaining sufficient labelled data for model training is impractical for most real-life applications. Therefore, we address the problem of domain generalization for semantic segmentation tasks to reduce the need to acquire and label additional data. Recent work on domain generalization increase data diversity by varying domain-variant features such as colour, style and texture in images. However, excessive stylization or even uniform stylization may reduce performance. Performance reduction is especially pronounced for pixels from minority classes, which are already more challenging to classify compared to pixels from majority classes. Therefore, we introduce a module, $ASH_{+}$, that modulates stylization strength for each pixel depending on the pixel's semantic content. In this work, we also introduce a parameter that balances the element-wise and channel-wise proportion of stylized features with the original source domain features in the stylized source domain images. This learned parameter replaces an empirically determined global hyperparameter, allowing for more fine-grained control over the output stylized image. We conduct multiple experiments to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Finally, we evaluate our model on the publicly available benchmark semantic segmentation datasets (Cityscapes and SYNTHIA). Quantitative and qualitative comparisons indicate that our approach is competitive with state-of-the-art. Code is made available at \url{https://github.com/placeholder}

Additional file 3: Table S1. The performance of models with and without NSPs for identifying patients with unfavorable outcome at 3 months. Table S2. Bivariate correlation between neutrophil counts and neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G (CTSG), as well as proteinase 3 (PR3) plasma concentrations in the subgroups. Table S3. The Youden index of neutrophils serine proteinases for identifying patients with unfavorable outcome at 3 months in different groups. Table S4. Comparisons of dichotomous neutrophil elastase (NE), and proteinase 3 (PR3) levels according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months in the whole study population (n = 342). Table S5. Logistic regression analysis and additional predictive value of the model including neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase 3 (PR3) concentration for patients with unfavorable outcome (mRS > 2) at 3 months in the subgroup of patients with available infarct volume (n = 212). Table S6. Comparisons of neutrophil serine proteinases plasma concentrations between patients eligible for IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) or not. Table S7. Comparisons of neutrophil serine proteinases plasma concentrations between patients received bridging therapy or not. Table S8. Demographic and clinical data for the subgroup of patients received IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment (n = 119). Table S9. Comparison of dichotomous neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase 3 (PR3) levels in the subgroup of patients received rtPA treatment according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. Table S10. Correlation between neutrophil serine proteinases plasma concentrations and baseline characteristics in the whole study population (n = 342).

Additional file 1.

In this paper, we analyze the capacity of super-resolution of one-dimensional positive sources. We consider resolving of positive point sources where some nodes are closely spaced and forming a cluster, while the rest of the nodes are well separated. For both the cluster and the non-cluster nodes, we estimate the minimax error rates for reconstructing the nodes and recovering the corresponding amplitudes. Our numerical experiments show that the Matrix Pencil method achieves the above optimal bounds when resolving the positive sources.

In the field of Image-to-Image (I2I) translation, ensuring consistency between input images and their translated results is a key requirement for producing high-quality and desirable outputs. Previous I2I methods have relied on result consistency, which enforces consistency between the translated results and the ground truth output, to achieve this goal. However, result consistency is limited in its ability to handle complex and unseen attribute changes in translation tasks. To address this issue, we introduce a transition-aware approach to I2I translation, where the data translation mapping is explicitly parameterized with a transition variable, allowing for the modelling of unobserved translations triggered by unseen transitions. Furthermore, we propose the use of transition consistency, defined on the transition variable, to enable regularization of consistency on unobserved translations, which is omitted in previous works. Based on these insights, we present Unseen Transition Suss GAN (UTSGAN), a generative framework that constructs a manifold for the transition with a stochastic transition encoder and coherently regularizes and generalizes result consistency and transition consistency on both training and unobserved translations with tailor-designed constraints. Extensive experiments on four different I2I tasks performed on five different datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed UTSGAN in performing consistent translations., Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures

This paper is devoted to elucidating the essence of super-resolution and deals mainly with the stability of super-resolution and the diffraction limit. The first discovery is two location-amplitude identities characterizing the relations between source locations and amplitudes in the super-resolution problem. These identities allow us to directly derive the super-resolution capability for number, location, and amplitude recovery in the super-resolution problem and improve state-of-the-art estimations to an unprecedented level to have practical significance. The nonlinear inverse problems studied in this paper are known to be very challenging and have only been partially solved in recent years. However, thanks to this paper, we now have a clear and simple picture of all of these problems, which allows us to solve them in a unified way in just a few pages. The second crucial result of this paper is the theoretical proof of a two-point diffraction limit in spaces of general dimensionality under only an assumption on the noise level. This solves the long-standing puzzle and debate about the diffraction limit for imaging (and line spectral estimation) in very general circumstances. Our results also show that, for the resolution of any two point sources, when the signal-to-noise ratio is larger than two, one can definitely exceed the Rayleigh limit, which is far beyond common sense. We also find the optimal algorithm that achieves the optimal resolution when distinguishing two sources. By this work, we hope to inspire a start of a new period where examining the resolution based on the signal-to-noise ratio becomes a feasible method in the field of imaging.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with various complications. Table S2. The correlation between surgeon volume and hospital function in the ARH and LRH cohorts.

Sphagnum palustre L. is a Chinese herbal medicine with a long history, however, few studies have been performed on its chemical composition and active effects. In this study, we investigated the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant capacities of extracts obtained from Sphagnum palustre L. phytosomes extracted with conventional solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol) and two different hydrogen bond donors (citric acid and 1,2-propanediol) modified with choline chloride-type deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The results show that Sphagnum palustre extracts contained 253 compounds, including citric acid, ethyl maltol, and thymol. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was obtained with a DES extraction method combining 1,2-propanediol and choline chloride (39.02 ± 7.08 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried weight (DW). This shows the composition of Sphagnum palustre as a natural product and the application of DESs in the extraction of active ingredients, demonstrating the potential of peat moss extracts in cosmetics and health products.

Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a powerful tool for studying the genetic architecture of complex diseases, including psychiatric disorders. This review highlights the use of PRS in psychiatric genetics, including its application in identifying high-risk individuals, estimating heritability, assessing shared etiology between phenotypes, and personalizing treatment plans. It also explains the methodology for calculating PRS, the challenges associated with their use in clinical settings, and future research directions. The main limitation of PRS is that the current models only account for a small fraction of the heritability of psychiatric disorders. Despite this limitation, PRS represents a valuable tool that has already yielded important insights into the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders.

Additional file 1. SPIRIT Checklist for Trials.

This work addresses the challenging domain adaptation setting in which knowledge from the labelled source domain dataset is available only from the pretrained black-box segmentation model. The pretrained model's predictions for the target domain images are noisy because of the distributional differences between the source domain data and the target domain data. Since the model's predictions serve as pseudo labels during self-training, the noise in the predictions impose an upper bound on model performance. Therefore, we propose a simple yet novel image translation workflow, ReGEN, to address this problem. ReGEN comprises an image-to-image translation network and a segmentation network. Our workflow generates target-like images using the noisy predictions from the original target domain images. These target-like images are semantically consistent with the noisy model predictions and therefore can be used to train the segmentation network. In addition to being semantically consistent with the predictions from the original target domain images, the generated target-like images are also stylistically similar to the target domain images. This allows us to leverage the stylistic differences between the target-like images and the target domain image as an additional source of supervision while training the segmentation model. We evaluate our model with two benchmark domain adaptation settings and demonstrate that our approach performs favourably relative to recent state-of-the-art work. The source code will be made available.

The superresolving capacity for number and location recoveries in the super-resolution of positive sources is analyzed in this work. Specifically, we introduce the computational resolution limit for respectively the number detection and location recovery in the one-dimensional super-resolution problem and quantitatively characterize their dependency on the cutoff frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, and the sparsity of the sources. As a direct consequence, we show that targeting at the sparest positive solution in the super-resolution already provides the optimal resolution order. These results are generalized to multi-dimensional spaces. Our estimates indicate that there exist phase transitions in the corresponding reconstructions, which are confirmed by numerical experiments. Our theory fills in an important puzzle towards fully understanding the super-resolution of positive sources.

Additional file 3: Table S1. The performance of models with and without NSPs for identifying patients with unfavorable outcome at 3 months. Table S2. Bivariate correlation between neutrophil counts and neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G (CTSG), as well as proteinase 3 (PR3) plasma concentrations in the subgroups. Table S3. The Youden index of neutrophils serine proteinases for identifying patients with unfavorable outcome at 3 months in different groups. Table S4. Comparisons of dichotomous neutrophil elastase (NE), and proteinase 3 (PR3) levels according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months in the whole study population (n = 342). Table S5. Logistic regression analysis and additional predictive value of the model including neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase 3 (PR3) concentration for patients with unfavorable outcome (mRS > 2) at 3 months in the subgroup of patients with available infarct volume (n = 212). Table S6. Comparisons of neutrophil serine proteinases plasma concentrations between patients eligible for IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) or not. Table S7. Comparisons of neutrophil serine proteinases plasma concentrations between patients received bridging therapy or not. Table S8. Demographic and clinical data for the subgroup of patients received IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment (n = 119). Table S9. Comparison of dichotomous neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase 3 (PR3) levels in the subgroup of patients received rtPA treatment according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. Table S10. Correlation between neutrophil serine proteinases plasma concentrations and baseline characteristics in the whole study population (n = 342).

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-scm-10.1177_00369330231178909 for Effectiveness of educational and training intervention for improving hand hygiene compliance amongst nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials by Ping Liu, Fang Cao, Qian Yao, Lin Xu and Hao Dai in Scottish Medical Journal

Additional file 1: Table S1. Definitions of postoperative pulmonary complications