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Background: The need to combat and reduce the incidence, virulence, and drug resistance of species belonging to Candida genus, has led to the development of new strategies. Nanotechnology, through the implementation of nanomaterials, has emerged as an infallible tool to treat various diseases caused by pathogens, where its mechanisms of action prevent the development of undesirable pharmacological resistance. Objective: The antifungal activity and adjuvant properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles in different Candida species (C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. albicans) are evaluated. Method: The biogenic metallic nanoparticles were developed by quercetin-mediated biological synthesis. The physicochemical properties were studied by light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, UV-vis and infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The elucidation of mechanisms of antifungal action was carried out under stress conditions in Candida species at the cell wall and response to oxidative stress. Results: Small silver nanoparticles (≈ 16.18 nm) with irregular morphology, and negative surface electrical charge (≈ -48.99 mV), were obtained through quercetin-mediated biosynthesis. Infrared spectra showed that the surface of silver nanoparticles is functionalized with the quercetin molecule. The antifungal activity of biogenic nanoparticles had efficacy in the following trend C. glabrata ≥ C. parapsilosis > C. albicans. Biogenic nanoparticles and stressors showed synergistic and potentiated antifungal effects through cell damage, osmotic stress, cell wall damage, and oxidative stress. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles synthesized by quercetin-mediated biosynthesis could be implemented as a powerful adjuvant agent to enhance the inhibition effects of diverse compounds over different Candida species.

Objective: To analyze risky eating behaviors in relation to nutritional status and physical activity in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the communes of Chillán and Chillán Viejo. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional design. A sample of 184 young adults of both sexes, who lived in two communes in the Ñuble region (Chile) during the period of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, was obtained. A personal history questionnaire and the SCOFF scale that assesses the risk of eating behavior disorders (EDs) were applied. Results: A 37.16% risk for ED was found (95% CI: 30.23 – 44.63%). The risk of eating behavior disorders was related to the variables: physical activity (p=0.01 bivariate analysis) and nutritional status (p=0.03, adjusted analysis). Conclusion: It was possible to identify a higher proportion than that recorded in the literature and the factors associated with eating disorders were those that were expected to be found.

El ciberespacio se ha vuelto es considerado ya un lugar donde las personas pasan la mayor partede su día a día, lo cual siempre se ve constantemente amenazado por la vulneración de laseguridad cuando se navega por internet, así como la lucha contra los anuncios publicitarios quesiempre aparecen en nuestro navegador de internet.La ciberseguridad que nació o se originó mediante los conocimientos técnicos sobretecnología de hardware y software que pueden vulnerar la seguridad de los sistemas, se requierecierto grado de conocimientos en informática para realizar ataques, que como consecuenciaborran información, modifican o difunden causando daño al sujeto pasivo que puede sercualquier persona que navegue en internet, es por ello que la ciberseguridad se ha vuelto un temade seguridad nacional, pues ahí se realizan diariamente transacciones, compras y negocios enlínea que mueven a diario cantidades millonarias, al alcance de solo un clic y una tarjeta dedébito o crédito (Fernández, 2018).

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that affects practically all tissues and organs, being the brain one of most susceptible, due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species induced by diabetes. Eryngium carlinae is a plant used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat diabetes, which has already been experimentally shown have hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. The green synthesis of nanoparticles is a technique that combines plant extracts with metallic nanoparticles, so that the nanoparticles reduce the absorption and distribution time of drugs or compounds, increasing their effectiveness. In this work, the antioxidant effects and mitochondrial function in the brain were evaluated, as well as the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect in serum of both the aqueous extract of the aerial part of E. carlinae, as well as its combination with silver nanoparticles of green synthesis. Administration with both, extract and the combination significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and restored the activity of superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase, and electron transport chain complexes in brain, while that the extract-nanoparticle combination decreased blood glucose and triglyceride levels. The results obtained suggest that both treatments have oxidative activity and restore mitochondrial function in the brain of diabetic rats.

International reconsideration of Mexican film noir is a recent phenomenon. For decades, Mexican film criticism tended to dismiss the importance of this tradition and even to deny its existence, often citing the presence of melodramatic elements in would-be noir films and the lack of a crime novel tradition for screen adaptations. By comparing two Mexican films to similar American productions and examining the local political and economic conditions of the former, this article argues that Mexican film noir had its own pessimistic viewpoints, which were borrowed from journalism and the illustrated press. These viewpoints were based on existing social ailments and delivered relevant criticism of the institutions, classism, and sexual norms of the postrevolutionary Mexican state of the 1940s and 1950s.

Los daños en la salud mental son una de las primeras causas de morbilidad en México y destaca su importancia en la población universitaria. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de psicopatologías en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso de la licenciatura de medicina de una universidad en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, de determinación de prevalencias a una muestra representativa de alumnos de nuevo ingreso, a quienes se aplicó una serie de instrumentos (BDI-2, BAI, OCI-R, PANSI, AUDIT y DAST-10) en línea para determinar el estado de salud mental. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos utilizando el programa SPSS 27.0. Resultados: Se encontró uno o más probables diagnósticos de psicopatología en 59% (n=40) de los estudiantes, de los cuales el 7.5% (n=3) calificaban como riesgo suicida alto con la prueba PANSI. Los diagnósticos más prevalentes fueron depresión moderada a severa 46% (n=31), ansiedad moderada a severa 44% (n=30), TOC 32% (n=22), consumo de alcohol de riesgo o problemático 19% (n=13) y consumo de drogas perjudicial o dependencia 8.9% (n=6). Conclusión: debido a la alta prevalencia de enfermedades mentales se requiere implementar un tamizaje en salud mental a los estudiantes de primer ingreso de licenciatura y darles seguimiento.

El trastorno por atracón es el trastorno alimentario más común en América Latina. Un factor de riesgo importante es el estrés ya que modifica los hábitos alimentarios, siendo este predominante en la vida de los estudiantes de Medicina. Objetivo: comparar las prevalencias de episodios de atracón, sintomatología de trastorno por atracón y otros trastornos de la conducta alimentaria entre alumnos de Medicina en una universidad de México. Material y método: se realizó un estudio transversal comparativo en el que se aplicó una encuesta a dos muestras representativas, una de estudiantes del primer año y otra a estudiantes de último año. Se aplicaron los instrumentos: test de SCOFF y test QEWP-5. Se realizó un análisis estadístico de frecuencias simples y calculo de prevalencias mediante SPSS 25.0. Resultados: se observó una alta prevalencia de sintomatología asociada a trastorno por atracón (12%), siendo esta elevada en el último año de la carrera (17.1%) y hay una tendencia a la baja en la sintomatología de los otros tastornos de la conducta alimentaria conforme el paso del tiempo, no se encontraron diferencias en los resultados del test SCOFF al comparar ambos grupos. Conclusión: la sintomatología asociada al trastorno por atracón es más prevalente en el último año de la carrera de Medicina, por lo que se recomienda implementar estrategias de prevención.

El hueso es un tejido que se clasifica como un material compuesto. En los seres vivos, los huesos además de tener una función estructural también son un sitio de almacenamiento de minerales. La estructura básica del hueso son unidades de procolágeno y cristales de hidroxiapatita, esta última con sustituciones de iones tanto atómicos (Na+1, K+1, Mg+2, Ca+2, F-1, Cl-1) como moleculares (CO3-2). Los sustituyentes iónicos varían de acuerdo con el entorno del hueso y la sustitución puede ser afectada por algunas enfermedades como la diabetes. En este trabajo, se reportan los patrones de difracción de rayos-x de fémures extraídos de ratas wistar con diabetes inducida. En estos difractogramas se observaron diferencias en la señal principal (211) por lo que se utilizó el refinamiento rietveld para identificar las fases cristalinas para su estimación cuantitativa. Los resultados muestran el efecto de la diabetes inducida en la calidad de la hidroxiapatita.

The electrochemical behavior of the corrosion resistance of AISI 304 embedded in concrete manufactured as indicated by the ACI 211.1 method was evaluated. The specimens were exposed for more than 150 days to highly aggressive marine-sulfated environment, solution with a concentration of 5% NaCl and 5% Na2SO4. The electrochemical technique of Resistance to Linear Polarization (Rp) was used for to determine the corrosion rate (Icorr) and monitoring of corrosion potential (Ecorr). The Ecorr and Icorr results indicate a high level of corrosion for AISI 1018 steel, on the contrary, the electrochemical behaviour of AISI 304 steel according to the values of Ecorr and Icorr, indicate a corrosion resistance of up to 10 times higher when exposed to an environment with a high concentration of chlorides and sulfates.

The X–H bonds obtained from Hirshfeld atom refinements elongate with Hartree–Fock exchange in contrast to geometry optimizations. These results suggest new venues in benchmarking density functionals with respect to experimental crystallographic data.

Molecular SERS analysis of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine and its detection in complex artificial fluids as a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease.

We fabricated all solution based In2O3 TFTs with AlOx–PVP and HfAlOx–PVP hybrid dielectric layers and observed the reduction of hysteresis by incorporation of HfOx into the pristine AlOx–PVP hybrid dielectric with enhanced electrical performance.

Este artículo se enfoca en la migración forzada en México, cuyo objetivo es realizar una revisión en torno a la problemática y el contexto mexicano. De la mano de autores como Stephen Castles (2003) Mercado Mondragón (2016) López López (2017) y Cañedo Cázarez (2017). A lo largo de este artículo se vertieron algunas reflexiones, bajo la metodología de tipo descriptiva e interpretativa para el tratamiento y mejor entendimiento del proceso sociohistórico denominado «desplazamiento forzado», entendiéndolo como una situación de las personas que dejan sus hogares o huyen debido a los conflictos, la violencia, las persecuciones y las violaciones de los derechos humanos. En la mayor parte de las ocasiones, el desplazamiento forzado tiende a ser prolongado y, en muchos casos, perdura por décadas.

Este ensayo pretende reflexionar sobre los efectos negativos que ha dejado el neoliberalismo y la búsqueda de la modernidad en la educación latinoamericana y, a su vez, señalar cómo los movimientos sociales han influido para contrarrestar los efectos depredadores del capitalismo, al adherirse a una pedagogía crítica ligada a una educación del pueblo, con especial atención en la educación zapatista que, en su lucha por una sociedad justa, democrática y libre, diseñó un sistema educativo derivado de la pedagogía crítica como alternativa al dominio de una educación neoliberal.

Resumen Los tumores mucinosos del apéndice tienen una prevalencia menor del 0,5% entre los tumores digestivos. Se caracteriza por dilatación de luz apendicular debido a obstrucción y acumulación de moco. Se presenta el caso de paciente masculino de 56 años de edad sin enfermedades crónico- degenerativas, 5 días de evolución con dolor abdominal localizado en flanco derecho que migra a fosa iliaca derecha y región inguinal ipsilateral, así como aumento del perímetro abdominal. Se realiza laparotomía exploradora, encontrando tumoración del tercio distal del apéndice, así como perforación en el tercio medio. El histopatológico reportó: apendicitis aguda supurativa y necrotizante con adenoma mucinoso apendicular que no involucra los bordes de la sección quirúrgica. Del 10-15% de los mucoceles pueden evolucionar a pseudomixoma peritoneal por perforación del apéndice. La sobrevida general en pacientes con mucocele simple, hiperplásico y cistoadenoma, posterior a someterse a apendicectomía es de 91-100% a los 10 años, sin embargo, cuando progresa a pseudomixoma peritoneal disminuye a 25% a los 5 años. Este tipo de tumores son infrecuentes, sin embargo, su reconocimiento temprano, evita complicaciones y mejora la sobrevida en los pacientes.

In the present research, the electrochemical behavior of corrosion in Conventional Concrete (CC) and Sustainable Concrete (SC) made with 80% of Portland Cemment, 20% of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash and Recycled Aggregates with 50% and 100% was evaluated, AISI 1018 steel bars were embedded in all the specimens, which were exposed to seawater for more than 300 days. For corrosion monitoring, the electrochemical techniques of Corrosion Potential (Ecorr) and Linear Polarization Resistance was used to determine the intensity of the corrosion current (Icorr). The results of Ecorr and Icorr indicate that the sustainable concrete of this study can be used in non-aggressive environments, but not in highly aggressive media such as seawater, since according to the results, its protection against corrosion is weak, with the SC having the worst performance with 100% recycled aggregate.

La pandemia por coronavirus (covid-19) ocasionó cambios drásticos en la vida cotidiana de la sociedad. De un momento a otro, millones de estudiantes cambiaron la modalidad escolar para incorporarse a un modelo de enseñanza remota de emergencia (educación a distancia). Cuando las condiciones sanitarias lo permitieron, emergió la modalidad educativa híbrida, donde se combinan entornos, tiempos y recursos. En el Centro de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes se adoptó esta modalidad para un regreso voluntario y controlado a clases. Durante el tiempo de implementación se llevó a cabo el registro de los estudiantes que participaron de manera presencial; además, se evaluó la percepción de los estudiantes respecto a su experiencia educativa desde el confinamiento sanitario. Este estudio permitió documentar distintas experiencias de innovación educativa para la continuidad de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

There is a surge of interest in reaching social and environmental justice in California's disadvantaged communities by governments, nongovernmental organizations, and academia. However, actions tak...

In the present investigation, the protector against sulfate corrosion of reinforcing steel AISI 1018, which provides the Eco-friendly Concrete system CPC-SCBA-SF, was evaluated. This system was made with CPC-SCBA-SF cementitious materials, in percentages of 90-5-5 and 80-10-10 respectively, with exposure of the concrete specimens to a 3.5% MgSO4 solution, an experimental arrangement that simulates the foundations of Civil Works such as bridges, buildings, pavements, etc.; in soils contaminated with sulfates. The design of the concrete mixtures was in accordance with the ACI 211.1 method. The behavior of the corrosion potential Ecorr and the corrosion rate (icorr) of the AISI 1018 steel embedded in Conventional Concrete (CC) and in the EC were evaluated during a period of 180 days of exposure to an aggressive environment. The Ecorr values indicate between a 10% risk of corrosion and uncertainty, according to the ASTM C-876-15 standard, but the icorr indicates a negligible level of corrosion but with a tendency towards the activation of the system, with the eco-friendly concrete EC-20 having the best performance.

Benjamin Valdez-Salas,1 Sandra Castillo-Uribe,1 Ernesto Beltran-Partida,1 Mario Curiel-Alvarez,1 Oscar Perez-Landeros,1 Minerva Guerra-Balcazar,2 Nelson Cheng,3 Daniel Gonzalez-Mendoza,4 Olivia Flores-Peñaloza1 1Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México; 2Facultad de Ingeniería, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México; 3Magna International Pte Ltd, Singapore; 4Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, MéxicoCorrespondence: Ernesto Beltran-Partida, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal, Mexicali, Baja California, C.P. 21280, México, Email beltrane@uabc.edu.mxIntroduction: Titanium (Ti) and its alloys (eg, Ti6Al4V) are exceptional treatments for replacing or repairing bones and damaged surrounding tissues. Although Ti-based implants exhibit excellent osteoconductive performance under healthy conditions, the effectiveness and successful clinical achievements are negatively altered in diabetic patients. Concernedly, diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to osteoblastic dysfunctionality, altering efficient osseointegration. This work investigates the beneficial osteogenic activity conducted by nanostructured TiO2 under detrimental microenvironment conditions, simulated by human diabetic serum.Methods: We evaluated the bone-forming functional properties of osteoblasts on synthesized TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) by anodization and Ti6Al4V non-modified alloy surfaces under detrimental diabetic conditions. To simulate the detrimental environment, MC3T3E-1 preosteoblasts were cultured under human diabetic serum (DS) of two diagnosed and metabolically controlled patients. Normal human serum (HS) was used to mimic health conditions and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the control culture environment. We characterized the matrix mineralization under the detrimental conditions on the control alloy and the NTs. Moreover, we applied immunofluorescence of osteoblasts differentiation markers on the NTs to understand the bone-expression stimulated by the biochemical medium conditions.Results: The diabetic conditions depressed the initial osteoblast growth ability, as evidenced by altered early cell adhesion and reduced proliferation. Nonetheless, after three days, the diabetic damage was suppressed by the NTs, enhancing the osteoblast activity. Therefore, the osteogenic markers of bone formation and the differentiation of osteoblasts were reactivated by the nanoconfigured surfaces. Far more importantly, collagen secretion and bone-matrix mineralization were stimulated and conducted to levels similar to those of the control of FBS conditions, in comparison to the control alloy, which was not able to reach similar levels of bone functionality than the NTs.Conclusion: Our study brings knowledge for the potential application of nanostructured biomaterials to work as an integrative platform under the detrimental metabolic status present in diabetic conditions.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: osteoblast regeneration, bone surface interactions, cellular nanomodulation

Concerns regarding the impacts of microplastics in the global environment have brought into focus the need to understand better their origins, transport, and fate. Wastewaters (WW) are important in this regard: discharges from households, commercial and industrial premises, and surface run-off deliver microplastics to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) via sewerage systems, through which they are removed along with sewage sludge or destined for release into the environment in treated effluent. This review provides a contemporary and critical analysis of factors influencing the quantities and composition of microplastics (MPs) reaching wastewater treatment plants, including both primary and secondary sources. Three specific areas of concern were highlighted. First, current legislation, where present, needs to address regulation of microplastics in personal care and cosmetic products that cross international borders. Secondly, accurate estimation of microplastics arising from some sources and activities (e.g., mis-managed waste and hand washing of textiles) is challenging and estimated contributions of associated microplastics remain unsatisfactory as a basis for management decisions. Thirdly, information relating to microplastics in personal care and cosmetic products used by male consumers is lacking and contributions of such products to wastewater remain uncertain. We recommend that (1) voluntary practices and programmes should be replaced with formal regulation to achieve compliance, and (2) the role of consumers’ behaviour in generating microplastics that are destined for wastewater treatment plants remains largely unknown and that more research in this domain is needed.

Objetivo. Analizar la asociación de la concentración de con­taminantes atmosféricos y los indicadores epidemiológicos de Covid-19 en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM). Material y métodos. Se diseñó un estudio epidemiológico ecológico. Se utilizaron modelos lineales tipo Poisson para variables de conteo y modelos lineales de efectos aleatorios en variables continuas para cuantificar la asociación entre los contaminantes atmosféricos y los indicadores de Covid-19. Los datos obtenidos fueron del 28 de febrero de 2020 al 30 de junio de 2021. La exposición a contaminantes se estratificó por estaciones climáticas. Resultados. Los contaminantes que tuvieron asociación significativa con indicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad fueron CO, NOX, O3 y PM10. En la estación seca fría el CO y el NOX tuvieron efecto sobre los casos diarios confirmados y las defunciones diarias. Las PM10 se asociaron con efecto en los indicadores de casos diarios confirmados, incidencia diaria, porcentaje de hospitalizados y la tasa de letalidad. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren una asociación entre el comportamiento epidemiológico de Covid-19 y la exposición a CO, NOX, O3 y PM10, en la que se encontró un mayor efecto en la estación seca-fría en la ZMVM.

INTRODUCTION: Achalasia is a pathology with an incidence of 1 in 100,000 inhabitants per year. There are very limited data on achalasia in the obese population, especially in those undergoing bariatric surgery. The approach of choice for cases of achalasia is fundoplication to correct the reflux; however, lacking a fundus due to a previous gastrectomy, an alternative that offers optimal results should be chosen. Here we present the surgical approach in a case of esophageal achalasia and a history of vertical sleeve gastrectomy, where we performed simultaneous Heller's cardiomyotomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, as well as the results obtained. CASE PRESENTATION: 44-year-old woman with no chronic degenerative diseases, with a previous record of vertical sleeve gastrectomy 5 years ago, who started 1 year and 5 months earlier with dysphagia to liquids, then to solids, in addition to weight loss of 10 kilograms in 4 months. The BMI before vertical sleeve gastrectomy was 32 kg/m2, her BMI at the time of admission was 20 kg/m2; she also presented regurgitation and generalized weakness. After analyzing the surgical options, it was decided to perform a Heller cardiomyotomy and a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The procedure turned out to be safe and successful in treating achalasia symptomatology, in addition to complete resolution of the reflux symptom.

Social Work, from its origins, has implicitly the purpose of "helping...", an intention recreated in assistance itself. Historically, those who have produced and reproduced, thought, and practiced this profession, are Women. However, more than 60 years after its professionalization in Mexico, atavisms remain that define the very praxis of Social Work. The objective of this article is to make visible symbolic elements that, embedded in the patriarchal ideology, guide the practice of Social Workers in Mexican Public Institutions. The data discussed is the result of qualitative research carried out with 20 Social Workers, as a sample, in the State of Jalisco. Mexico. In-depth interviews and content analysis combined with the interpretive (hermeneutical) method constituted the sequence to produce the data and interpret it. Three dimensions of analysis were established: the past time; self-image and plans-expectations of the profession. The conclusions outline both symbolic elements and those contained in the very praxis of the interviewed professionals.

Se determinó el ciclo biológico de Amphidees latifrons (Sharp), estimado en unidades calor (UC) y tomando como umbral de temperatura inferior 5EC. Se encontró que el ciclo biológico requiere un total de 4,564 UC (326 días), distribuidos como sigue: preoviposición 280 UC (20 días), incubación y eclosión 350 UC (25 días), desarrollo larval 1,260 UC (90 días), pupa 420 UC (30 días) y longevidad de adultos 2,254 UC (161 días). En el campo las poblaciones de L2, L3 y pupa se registraron de febrero a mayo; estas larvas se alimentan de raicillas secundarias de manzano. Los adultos estuvieron presentes todo el año, observándose poblaciones mayores en los meses de septiembre a noviembre, alimentándose durante este período de hojas, y de noviembre a febrero de yemas florales y vegetativas. El adulto es partenogenético, carece de alas voladoras y es de hábitos nocturnos.

The objective of the work was to know the eating habits of students of the University Campus of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, in Jalisco, Mexico. An online questionnaire was applied to 229 students, about the frequency of food consumption, grouping them into three categories of food (not healthy, unhealthy and healthy), hours and number of meals per day, influence of stress on the amount of food consumed and information about breakfast. The results showed that 29.3% of the students followed an not healthy diet, 40.6% unhealthy and 30.1% healthy; 55.5% had the three main meals, 62.9% did not comply with meal times. In stressful situations, 52.4% ingested a greater amount and 31% a smaller amount of food; 96.9% usually eat breakfast. The students surveyed presented an inadequate diet, with a deficient intake of fruits and vegetables, in addition to omitting some meal time and not complying with the recommended feeding schedules. It is essential to promote healthy eating habits in students, as well as implement strategies to access healthier foods in the university environment that allow improving the quality of the diet, which can influence health and academic performance.

This study examined the impact of an out-of-school science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-medicine (STEM-M) program in a large U.S. metropolitan area designed to support the learning, development, and educational resilience of high-achieving high school students of color. Students highlighted that a key aspect of the program was the cultivation of what we termed a “culture of transformation.” Using a multi-year study (2016–2019), we completed 72 interviews and conducted in-depth qualitative analysis across six cohorts of students ( n = 37). In this article, we propose an expanded conceptual model of college socialization for students of color that leverages their engagement with (1) equitable resources, (2) relevant opportunities, (3) diverse knowledge, and (4) meaningful relationships. The relationship between early STEM-M career interest and youth socialization in related out-of-school activities that address larger societal inequities in school success and life and career outcomes warrants further study.

El objetivo fue evaluar la productividad, el precio de venta de leche, el tamaño y las percepciones de sus propietarios sobre su entorno, calidad y permanencia en explotaciones de producción de leche del estado de Aguascalientes. Se evaluaron 40 unidades de producción de leche, con condiciones semejantes de antigüedad (30 años), manejo zootécnico, disponibilidad de insumos y clientes. A través de un MANOVA se compararon las características productivas de las explotaciones con relación al factor del tamaño del hato. Se formuló un modelo estructural para evaluar el efecto de los factores del entorno sobre la calidad de la leche y la intención de los granjeros en dar continuidad a las unidades de producción en la actividad lechera. Se encontró influencia positiva en la escala productiva de las explotaciones lecheras, la obtención de mayor productividad diaria por vaca, mejor percepción de calidad y el precio de venta de la leche. En el modelo, los factores del entorno se asociaron significativamente con la valoración de la calidad de la leche por los productores y su permanencia de la actividad lechera (14.2 y 22.7 %, respectivamente). Lo anterior confirma que la percepción de factores del entorno pudiera ser considerado como variable crucial para incrementar la calidad de la leche, la productividad y para el encuentro entre los intereses de los productores y de la agroindustria, así como para favorecer el desempeño e integración de los diferentes eslabones de la cadena productiva lechera e impulsar la competitividad global del sector agroalimentario mexicano.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a childhood motor neuron disease caused by anomalies in the SMN1 gene. Although therapeutics have been approved for the treatment of SMA, there is a therapeutic time window, after which efficacy is reduced. Hallmarks of motor unit pathology in SMA include loss of motor-neurons and neuromuscular junction (NMJs). Following an increase in Smn levels, it is unclear how much damage can be repaired and the degree to which normal connections are re-established. Here, we perform a detailed analysis of motor unit pathology before and after restoration of Smn levels. Using a Smn-inducible mouse model of SMA, we show that genetic restoration of Smn results in a dramatic reduction in NMJ pathology, with restoration of innervation patterns, preservation of axon and endplate number and normalized expression of P53-associated transcripts. Notably, presynaptic swelling and elevated Pmaip levels remained. We analysed the effect of either early or delayed treated of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting SMN2 on a range of differentially vulnerable muscles. Following ASO administration, the majority of endplates appeared fully occupied. However, there was an underlying loss of axons and endplates, which was more prevalent following a delay in treatment. There was an increase in average motor unit size following both early and delayed treatment. Together this work demonstrates the remarkably regenerative capacity of the motor neuron following Smn restoration, but highlights that recovery is incomplete. This work suggests that there is an opportunity to enhance neuromuscular junction recovery following administration of Smn-enhancing therapeutics.

Although benzene and borazine are isoelectronic and isostructural, they have very different electronic structures, mainly due to the polar nature of the B-N bond. Herein, we present an experimental study of the charge density distribution obtained from the multipole model formalism and Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction data of borazine B

OBJECTIVE: Adolescent depression is prevalent and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although intravenous ketamine has shown efficacy in adult treatment-resistant depression, its efficacy in pediatric populations is unknown. The authors conducted an active-placebo-controlled study of ketamine’s safety and efficacy in adolescents. METHODS: In this proof-of-concept randomized, double-blind, single-dose crossover clinical trial, 17 adolescents (ages 13–17) with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder received a single intravenous infusion of either ketamine (0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes) or midazolam (0.045 mg/kg over 40 minutes), and the alternate compound 2 weeks later. All participants had previously tried at least one antidepressant medication and met the severity criterion of a score >40 on the Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised. The primary outcome measure was score on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 24 hours after treatment. RESULTS: A single ketamine infusion significantly reduced depressive symptoms 24 hours after infusion compared with midazolam (MADRS score: midazolam, mean=24.13, SD=12.08, 95% CI=18.21, 30.04; ketamine, mean=15.44, SD=10.07, 95% CI=10.51, 20.37; mean difference=−8.69, SD=15.08, 95% CI=−16.72, −0.65, df=15; effect size=0.78). In secondary analyses, the treatment gains associated with ketamine appeared to remain 14 days after treatment, the latest time point assessed, as measured by the MADRS (but not as measured by the Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised). A significantly greater proportion of participants experienced a response to ketamine during the first 3 days following infusion as compared with midazolam (76% and 35%, respectively). Ketamine was associated with transient, self-limited dissociative symptoms that affected participant blinding, but there were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In this first randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ketamine in adolescents with depression, the findings suggest that it is well tolerated acutely and has significant short-term (2-week) efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms compared with an active placebo. Reprinted from Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:352–362 with permission from American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

Vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors may be an effective therapy for chronic tic disorders (CTD), including Tourette syndrome (TS), but there has not been a meta-analysis compiling available evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of VMAT2 inhibitors for CTD/TS. PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase were searched for double-blinded RCTs of VMAT2 inhibitors versus placebo for the treatment of CTD/TS. Change in tic severity measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (efficacy) and rates of discontinuation attributed to adverse effects (tolerability) or all causes (acceptability) were extracted closest to 12 weeks. Mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) were the effect size indexes for efficacy and acceptability/tolerability, respectively. Data were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance. Five RCTs involving eight comparisons were included. Meta-analysis found a nonsignificant effect on efficacy (k = 8; N = 583; MD = -0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.93 to 0.50; P = 0.24), and there was certainty that the true effect is nonclinically meaningful (high quality of evidence). Meta-analysis found decreased tolerability (k = 7; N = 626; OR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.21-5.92; P = 0.01) and decreased acceptability (k = 8; N = 626; OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.14-3.18; P = 0.01), although those comparisons were limited because of the relatively small number of events across trials. Meta-analyses did not support the efficacy of VMAT2 inhibitors in the short-term treatment of tic disorders and suggested no clinically meaningful effect of these agents on tic symptoms. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Purpose:There is increasing effort to discover and integrate predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers into treatment algorithms. While tissue-based methods can reveal tumor–immune cell compositions at a single time point, we propose that single-cell sampling via fine needle aspiration (FNA) can facilitate serial assessment of the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) with a favorable risk–benefit profile.Experimental Design:Primary antibodies directed against 20 murine and 25 human markers of interest were chemically modified via a custom linker–bio-orthogonal quencher (FAST) probe. A FAST-FNA cyclic imaging and analysis pipeline were developed to derive quantitative response scores. Single cells were harvested via FNA and characterized phenotypically and functionally both in preclinical and human samples using the newly developed FAST-FNA assay.Results:FAST-FNA samples analyzed manually versus the newly developed deep learning–assisted pipeline gave highly concordant results. Subsequently, an agreement analysis showed that FAST and flow cytometry of surgically resected tumors were positively correlated with an R2 = 0.97 in preclinical samples and an R2 = 0.86 in human samples with the detection of the relevant tumor and immune biomarkers of interest. Finally, the feasibility of applying this minimally invasive approach to analyze the TME during immunotherapy was assessed in patients with cancer revealing local antitumor immune programs.Conclusions:The FAST-FNA is an innovative technology that combines bio-orthogonal chemistry coupled with a computational analysis pipeline for the comprehensive profiling of single cells obtained through FNA. This is the first demonstration that the complex and rapidly evolving TME during treatment can be accurately and serially measured by simple FNA.