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2. Higher dose corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 who are hypoxic but not requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY)
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Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Joshua Abbas, Kasim Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Alison Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ammar Abdelaziz, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, Audrey Abdul, Basir Abdul, Siddiqui Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Abdullah Abdullah, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Abeer Ul Amna, Lynn Abel, Katrina Abernethy, Movin Abeywickrema, Chandra Abhinaya, Affyarsyah Abidin, Adebanke Aboaba, Abigail Aboagye-Odei, Christopher Aboah, Heba Aboelela, Hani Abo-Leyah, Karim Abouelela, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Ahmed Abousamra, Mona Abouzaid, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Rebecca Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yousuf Abusamra, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Faustina Acheampong, 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Jacqueline Afrakomah Agyekum, Kwame Agyen, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Afshan Ahmed, Ashar Ahmed, Asim Ahmed, Basheer A R Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Hanad Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Khalil Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rawya Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sana G Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed H Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Bilal Ahmed Mohamud, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Augustine Ahonia, Christine Aiken, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Bolutito Akinbiyi, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Mohammad Akram, Olugbenro Aktinade, Uzayr Akudi, Ahmad S A R Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Adegoke Alabi, Narendra 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Zain Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Alexander Chavasse, Nicola Chavasse, Vipal Chawla, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Floria Cheng, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Kayan Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Moses Chikungwa, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Gemma Chilcott, Sam Chilcott, Alison Chilvers, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Ezomike Chinonso, Chloe Chin-Saad, Margaret Chirgwin, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Catherine Chisholm, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Laura Chiverton, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Meena Chopra, Michelle Chopra, Vandana 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Samantha Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Alleyna Claxton, Louis Claxton, Kate Clay, Catherine Clayton, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Bethan Clearyb, Chris Cleaver, Rose Cleeton, Ian Clement, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Sue Clenton, Sheryl Cliff, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Vincent Clubb, Samantha Clueit, Lisa Clutterbuck, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Laura Cockayne, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, David Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan Colbert, Esther Cole, Jade Cole, Joby Cole, Garry Coleman, Matt Coleman, Nick Coleman, Holly Coles, Macleod Colin, Alicia Colino-Acevedo, Julie Colley, Kathleen Collie, Alexandra Collier, Danielle Collier, Dawn Collier, Heather 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Thomas Cope, Sinead Corbet, Carolyn Corbett, Ailsa Corbishley, John Corcoran, Chris Cordell, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Joe Cornwell, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Aisling Corr, Mirella Corredera, Ruth Corrigan, P Corry, Rita Corser, Jon Cort, Denise Cosgrove, Tracey Cosier, Patricia Costa, Telma Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Caroline Cotton, George Couch, Martina Coulding, Andrew Coull, David Counsell, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Rebecca Cousins, Amanda J Coutts, Alexander Cowan, Elena Cowan, Richard Cowan, Richard Cowell, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Ellie Cox, Emma Cox, Giles Cox, Helen Cox, Karina Cox, Miriam Cox, Karen Coy, Andrea Cradduck-Bamford, Hannah Craig, Jayne Craig, John Craig, Victoria Craig, Felicity Craighead, Matthew Cramp, Hayley Cranston, Sheetal S Crasta, Jacolene Crause, Angie Crawford, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Amanda Creaser-Myers, Joanne Cremona, Saveria Cremona, Anna Crepet, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Jennifer Crooks, Harriet Crosby, Elizabeth Cross, Tim Cross, Amy Crothers, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Amanda Crowder, Kate Crowley, Teresa Crowley, Rebecca Croysdill, Callum Cruickshank, Conor Cruickshank, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Helen Cui, Lorraine Cullen, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Victoria Cunliffe, Neil Cunningham, Nicola Cunningham, Jason Cupitt, Hollie Curgenven, Gerens Curnow, David Curran, Simon Curran, Craig Currie, Jacqueline Currie, Scarlett Currie, Susan Currie, Susie Currie, Jonathan Curtis, Katrina Curtis, Matthew Curtis, Olivia Curtis, Thomas Curtis, Rebecca Cuthbertson, Jennifer Cuthill, Sean Cutler, Sarah Cutts, Marta Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Shane D'Souza, Joana da Rocha, Mohammed Dafalla, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Susan Dale, Jolyon Dales, Umberto D'Alessandro, Helen Dalgleish, Helen Dallow, Carlo D'aloia, Dermot Dalton, Morag Dalton, Zoe Daly, Mansi Damani, Eleanor Damm, Akila Danga, Joanne Dangerfield, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Kwaku Gyasi Danso, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Quang Tung Dao, Suzanne Darby, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Kate Darlington, Sarah Darnell, Thomas Darton, Guledew Darylile, Avisnata Das, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Vaishali Dave, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Bethan Davies, Caroline Davies, Carolyn Davies, Catrin Davies, Dawn Davies, Drew Davies, Elaine Davies, Elinor Davies, Ellie Davies, Ffyon Davies, Gwyneth Davies, Helen Davies, Jennifer Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Llinos Davies, Louisa Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sally Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Sue Davies, Alison Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Andrea Davis-Cook, Alexander Davison, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Angela Dawson, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Lucinda Dawson, Mike Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Isla Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy N Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Pradip De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Pamela De Los Santos Dominguez, Roberta De Pretto, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Phillip De Souza, Anthony De Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Gonzalo De-La-Cedra, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Alexandra Dent, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Sirjana Devkota, Usha Devkota, Debbie Devonport, Matthew Devonport, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Ankush Dhariwal, Dawpadee Dharmasena, Devesh Dhasmana, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Syra Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Dipali Dhiru, Trupti Dhorajiwala, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Mohammed Dibas, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Matt Dickson, Stuart Dickson, J Digby, Ronneil Digpal, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Georgios Dimitriadis, Sajeel Din, Thai H Dinh, Thi T T Dinh, Alex Dipper, Sabiq Dipro, Laura Dirmantaite, Lorelle Dismore, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Preeti Diwan, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Kate Dixon, Brice Djeugam, Sipho Dlamini, Petr Dlouhy, Andrea D'Mello, Paul Dmitri, Thi Tien Do, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, Jacqueline Dodd, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Conor Doherty, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Katie Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Phu Khiem Dong, Martha Donkor, Sinead Donlon, Joanne Donnachie, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Phil Donnison, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Emma Dooks, Reece J Doonan, Rogier Van Doorn, Grainne Doran, Rachael Dore, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Kataryna Dos Santos, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Isabelle Doss, Theonymfi Doudouliaki, Andrew Dougherty, Jill Doughty, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Allyn Dow, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Robert Downey, Caroline Downing, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragos, Maire Drain, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Anthony Drexel, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Odysseas Drosos, Graham Drummond, Katie Drury, Kay Druryk, Ronald Druyeh, Jack Dryburgh-Jones, Simon Drysdale, An Du Thinh, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Stephen Duberley, Paige K Duckenfield, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Emma Duffield, Heather Duffy, Helen Duffy, Katharine Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Rauand Duhoky, Janice Duignan, Jennifer Dulay, Simon Dummer, Alexis Duncan, Andrew Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Gregory Duncan, Holly Duncan, Robert Duncan, Stephanie Dundas, Do Van Dung, Aileen Dunleavy, Julia Dunleavy, Alessia Dunn, Charlotte Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Paul Dunn, Charlene Dunne, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Tran Thi Hai Duong, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Leanne Durdle, Natalie Duric, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Samuel Durogbola, Chris Durojaiye, Laura Durrans, Katie Durrant, Hannah Durrington, Iheukwumere Duru, Haris Duvnjak, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Dennis Dwomoh Nkrumah, Ellen Dwyer, Zara Dyar, Claudia Dyball, Kristyn Dyer, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Lauren Eadie, Rebekah Eadie, Laura Eagles, Beena Eapen, Naomi Earl, Joanne Early, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Amy Easthope, Fraser Easton, Jack Easton, Patrick Easton, Ruth Eatough, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Martin Ebon, Alison Eccles, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Nicholas Edmond, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Abby Edwards, Alexandra Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Martin Edwards, Sophie Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Aline Eggink, Dawn Egginton, Sam Eggleston, Loveth Ehiorobo, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Soha El Behery, Nagla Elashhar, Lisa Elawamy, Mohamed Elbeshy, Kate El-Bouzidi, Jennifer Elder, Mohammed El-Din, Emma Eldridge, Diana Eleanor, Uchenna Elenwa, Ibrahim Eletu, Eman Elfar, Mayy Magdy Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Mohamed A A Elhadi, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Andrew V Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura N Ellerton, Lucy Elliot, Amy Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Scott Elliott, Sian Elliott, Annie Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Leila Ellis, Rupert Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Alison C Ellwood, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Hannah-May Elmasry, Mohammed El-Naggar, Najla Elndari, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Mohammed A S A Elsayed, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Mohammad Elsebaei, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Alguili Elsheikh, Hosni El-Taweel, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberey, Jonathan R Emberson, John Emberton, Anna Emery, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Michael Emms, Florence Emond, Marieke Emonts, Nicu Enachi, Dickson Enenche, Angila Engden, Katy English, Emma Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Marios Erotocritou, Peter Eskander, Hanif Esmail, Fatheha Essa, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Debra Evans, E Evans, Emrys Evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Isabel Evans, Jack Evans, Jacqueline Evans, Jennifer Evans, John Evans, Jolanta Evans, Lisa Evans, Lynn Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Sharon Evans, Sian Evans, Teriann Evans, Tomos Evans, Caroline Everden, Serenydd Everden, Lynette Every, Hayley Evison, Lynsey Evison, Chiamaka Ezenduka, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Ian Fairbairn, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Ayaan Farah, Muna Farah, Qayyum Farah, Nowin Z Fard, Leila Fares, Amr Farg, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Holly Farr, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, Fayed Farrukh, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Suman Fathima, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Clair Favager, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Aisthath Fazleen, Simon Fearby, Connie Fearnley, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongo, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Ruth Fennelly, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Gloria Ferenando, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Jaime Fernandez Roman, Callum J Fernando, Jessica Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Sheldon Ferron, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Santos Filipa, Sarah A Filson, Shona Finan, Sarah Finbow, Deborah J Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Simon Finch, Spencer Finch, Natalie Fineman, Jim Finlayson, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Dylan Finnerty, Clare Finney, Deborah Finucane, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Promise Firi, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Carolyn Fitton, Felicity Fitzgerald, Fiona Fitzgerald, Karen Fitzjohn, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Nikolaos Flaris, Gail Fleming, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Anna Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Fiona Flett, Karen Flewitt, Sarah Flockhart, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Jonathan Flor, Vincent Florence, Mary Flowerdew, Sharon Floyd, Margaret J Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Tracey Fong, Daniela M Font, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Helen R Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Amber Ford, Jamie Ford, Imogen Fordham, Jennifer Foreman, Matthew Forester, Mohammad Forkan, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Abigail Forsyth, Julian Forton, Conrad Foster, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Natasha Fowkes, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Amy Fox, Claire Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Laura Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Eva Fraile, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Helen Frankland, Jessica Franklin, Siobhan Franklin, Catherine Fraser, Andi Fratila, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Anna Freeman, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Eleanor French, Thomas French, Karen Freshwater, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Andrzej Frygier, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Lucy Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Zoë Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Sophie Gaffarena, Sarah Gage, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Babita Gajmer, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Linda Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Feroze Gallam, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Anna Galvin, Victoria Galvis, Gareth Gamble, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Chien N Gan, Muhammad B Ganaie, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Thenugan Ganeshanathan, Saibal Ganguly, Abrar Gani, Pauline Ganley, Ukraina Garcia, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Louis Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Isha Garg, Nathan Garlick, Daniel Garner, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Rosaline Garr, Kathryn A Garrero, Manisha Gartaula, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Sophie Gayle, Catherine Geddie, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Fartuun Geele, Kalaichelvi Geerthan, Minnie Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Neal Gent, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Aparna George, Bini George, Sam George, Susan George, Tina George, Valerie P George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Siobhan Gettings, Hisham Ghanayem, Bijan Ghavami Kia, Shaista Ghazal, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Dipansu Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Subhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Chris Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Jamie Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Mary Gigi, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Benjamin Giles, James Gilham, Mandy Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Lesley Gilmour, Louis Ginn, Franciscus Ginting, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Barbie Giri, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Eleanor Glenday, Ana Glennon, Jodie Glossop, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Michelle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Deborah Glowski, Sharon Glynn, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Sarah Godlee, Emma Godson, Gillian Godwin, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Manjinder Gohel, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Vicky Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Anna Goodfellow, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Chris Gordon, Sally Gordon, Robin Gore, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Maria Gorniok, Diana Gorog, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Nicole Gould, Susan Gould, Charlotte Goumalatsou, Lysander Gourbault, Abha Govind, Rajesh Govindan, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Hannah Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Cheryl Graham, Clive Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Rachel Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, Kirstie Grant, Matthew Grant, Pauleen Grant, Rhys Gravell, Jenny Graves, Alasdair Gray, Catherine Gray, Georgina Gray, Glaxy Gray, Jackie Gray, Karen Gray, Nicola Gray, Roxanne Gray, Sebastian Gray, Alan Grayson, Fiona Greaves, Paul Greaves, Alastair Green, Amy Green, Amy S Green, Charlotte Green, Christopher A Green, David Green, Frederick Green, Joel Green, Marie Green, Nicola Green, Stacey Green, Diarra Greene, Philippa Greenfield, Alan Greenhalgh, Daniel Greenwood, Sandra Greer, James Gregory, Jane Gregory, Katie Gregory, Tamsin Gregory, Jill Greig, Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Jack Grenville, Jo Gresty, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Samuel Gribben, Andrew Gribbin, Amy Gribble, Natasha Grieg, Douglas Grieve, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Mark Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sandra Griffiths, Sarah Griffiths, Scott Griffiths, Yvonne Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Paul Grist, Evelina Grobovaite, Dorothy Grogono, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Pauline Grose, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Margaret Grout, Helen Grover, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Jacinta Guerin, Sharazeq 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Hale, Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alaina Halim, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Laura Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Jackie Halliday, Akmal Hallman, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Ifedadepo A Hamed-Adekale, Bilal Hameed, Mohammed Hameed, Raph L Hamers, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Raymond Hamill, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Gus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Melanie Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Sara Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Emily Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sally Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, James A Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Lisa Hamzah, Jenny Han, Ozan Hanci, Sadiyah Hand, Lala Handayani, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Nina K Handzewniak, Sarah Haney, Vu Thi Kim Hang, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Esther Hanison, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Helena Hanratty, Daniel Hansen, Anita Hanson, Ashley Hanson, Helen Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Henry Harcourt, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Marc Hardwick, Gareth Hardy, Joanna Hardy, Yasmine Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, James Hargraves, Carolyn Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Heather Harper, James Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Kate Harrington, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, David Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Olakunbi A Harrison, Rachael Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Jessica Hartley, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Anna Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Zoe Harzeli, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Jack Haslam, Zena Haslam, Grace Hasnip, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Amro Hassan, Awab Hassan, Zeinab Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Sarah Hathaway-Lees, Jonathan Hatton, Jennifer Hau, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Lydia Hawker, Annie Hawkins, Joe Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, W John Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Alasdair W Hay, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Carole Hays, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Hazel Haywood Hasford, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Jessica L Healy, Amy Hearn, David Heasman, Angela Heath, Debbie Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Adam Heavens, Kerry Hebbron, Catherine Heckman, Gemma Hector, Sadie Heddon, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Richard Heinink, Rajdeep Heire, Ingvild Helgesen, Joanne Hemingway, Ulla Hemmila, Beth Hemmings, Scott Hemphill, Deborah Hemsley, Abigail Henderson, Eilidh Henderson, Jennifer Henderson, Steven Henderson, Joanne Henry, Karol Henry, Lavinia Henry, Margo Henry, Natalie Henry, David Henshall, Gillian Herdman, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Morag Herkes, Lucas E Hermans, Fe Marie Hernandez, Emma Heron, Lisa Heron, William Herrington, Emilia Heselden, Peta Heslop, Tracey Heslop, Simon Hester, Emily Hetherington, Joseph Hetherington, Chamila Hettiarachchi, Pramodh Hettiarachchi, Hayley Hewer, John Hewertson, 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Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Catherine Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Kay Housely, Hamish Houston, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Joanne Howard, Kate Howard, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Megan Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Louise Howard-Sandy, Serena Howe, Alice Howell, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Ruth Howman, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Hein Htet, Naing Z Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang O H Huah, Sylvia Huang, Kelly Hubbard, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Heather Hudson, Suzanne Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Caitlin Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Martin Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, 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McCann, Erin McCann, Alexandra McCarrick, Brendan McCarron, Eoghan McCarthy, Michelle McCarthy, Natalie McCarthy, Sinead McCaughey, Tara McClay, Beverley McClelland, Declan McClintock, Michael McCloskey, Kirsten McCollum, Alasdair McCorkindale, Patricia McCormack, Jacqueline McCormick, Jake McCormick, Wendy McCormick, Paul McCourt, Jame McCrae, Sharon McCready, Gordan McCreath, Helen McCreedy, Claire McCue, Iain J McCullagh, Liz McCullagh, Megan McCullagh, Conor McCullough, Katherine McCullough, Nicola McCullough, Sarah McCullough, Fiona McCurrach, John McDermott, Paula McDermott, Rory McDermott, Katharine McDevitt, Helen McDill, Basil McDonald, Carly McDonald, Claire McDonald, Debbie McDonald, Rob McDonald, Sam McDonald, Damhnaic McDonald, Natasha McDonnell, Catherine McDougall, Lilly McDougall, Rowan McDougall, Irene McEleavy, Fred McElwaine, Julie McEntee, Evanna McEvoy, Claire McEwan, Ruth McEwen, Margaret McFadden, Denise McFarland, Margaret McFarland, Rachel McFarland, Joe McFlynn, Erin McGarry, Lorcan McGarvey, Alex McGeachan, Frederick McGee, Laura McGenily, Clodagh McGettigan, Michael McGettrick, Christopher McGhee, Fiona McGill, Sarah McGinnity, Neil McGlinchey, Phil McGlone, Deborah McGlynn, Claire McGoldrick, Clare McGoldrick, Elizabeth McGough, Christopher McGovern, Roisin McGovern, Angela McGowan, Anne McGown, Brendan McGrath, Amanda McGregor, Annemarie McGregor, Michael P McGuigan, Heather McGuinness, Sean McGuire, Tara McHugh, Caroline McInnes, Neil McInnes, Jerome McIntosh, Karen McIntyre, Mhairi McIntyre, Lorna McKay, Conor P McKeag, Jacqueline McKeane, Madeleine McKee, Joseph McKeever, Judith McKenna, Shirley McKenna, Mary McKenzie, Donogh McKeogh, Caroline McKerr, Anthony M McKie, Hayley Mckie, Laura Mckie, Gerard McKnight, Heather McLachlan, Andrew McLaren, Barbara McLaren, Nicola McLarty, Danielle Mclaughlan, Maria McLaughlin, James McLay, Mary McLeish, Tina McLennan, Stewart McLure, Anne Marie McMahon, Genevieve McMahon, Mike McMahon, Stephen McMahon, Terence McManus, Moyra McMaster, P McMaster, Paddy McMaster, Faye Mcmeeken, Samuel McMeekin, Nicola McMillan, Katherine McMillen, Jason McMinn, Liam McMorrow, Heather McMullen, Christopher McMurran, Helen McNally, Fiona McNeela, Lynne McNeil, Claire McNeill, Jessica McNeill, Shea McNeill, Una McNelis, Melanie McNulty, Roisin McNulty, Christopher McParland, Mark McPhail, Alison McQueen, Anna McSkeane, Denise McSorland, Therese McSorley, Gini McTaggart, Jacqueline McTaggart, Joanna Mead, Paul Mead, Emma Meadows, Olivia Meakin, Ben Mearns, Claire Mearns, Kim Mears, William Mears, Manjula Meda, Ayren Mediana, Ross Medine, Thomas Medveczky, Sharon Meehan, Emily Meeks, Abbi Megan, Nevan Meghani, Salim Meghjee, Sharon Megson, Amina Mehar, Mehr N Mehmood, Rohan Mehra, Rohan Mehta, Graeme Meintjes, James Meirill, James Meiring, Rayane Mejri, Ellen Mekonnen, Sabina Melander, Adriana-Stefania Melinte, Jennifer Mellersh, Lucy Melling, Christie Mellish, Francesca Mellor, Joe S 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Eoin Murtagh, Mithun Murthy, Catherine Murton, Rosie Murton, Neeka Muru, Rosemary Musanhu, Maimuna Mushabe, Omaisa Mushtaq, Sohmal Musini, Ahmed M M Mustafa, Elhaytham Mustafa, Mustafa Mustafa, Ibrahim Mustapha, Naveed Mustfa, Zhain Mustufvi, Callum Mutch, Rachel Mutch, Eric Mutema, Balakumar Muthukrishnan, Sheree Mutton, Natasha Muzengi, Memory Mwadeyi, Bettina Mwale, Esther Mwaura, Raji Myagerimath, Alice Myers, Sam Myers, James S Myerson, Khin Swe Myint, Yadee Myint, Georgina Mynott, Libor Myslivecek, Patricia Nabayego, Evelyn Nadar, Iftikhar Nadeem, Moosa Nadheem, Behzad Nadjm, Asma Naeem, Hassan Naeem, Salman Naeem, Samraiz Nafees, Mohamed Nafei, Widya Naftalia, Thapas Nagarajan, Leah Naglik, Imrun Nagra, Deepak Nagra, Mina Naguib, Kirushthiga Naguleswaran, K Shonit Nagumantry, Kevin Naicker, Sarveshni Naidoo, Gireesha Naik, Rishi Naik, Samir Naik, Devu S Nair, Rajiv Nair, Tanushree Nair, Jay Naisbitt, Kerry Naismith, Deborah Nakiboneka-Ssenabulya, Sri Nallapareddy, Soum 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Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Robert Truell, Nick Truman, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Peter Tsang, Tan Tsawayo, Kyriaki K Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Merika Tsitsi, Simon Tso, Natasha Tucker, Sally Tucker, Stephanie Tucker, Daisy E Tudor, Aisha Tufail, Jess Tuff, Jemma Tuffney, Redmond Tully, Tulus Tulus Satriasih, Grace Tunesi, Killiam Turbitt, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, Gail Turner, Georgina Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Kim Turner, Lucy Turner, Lynne C Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Sarah Turner, Victoria Turner, Ian Turner-bone, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Conor Tweed, David Tweed, Rebecca Twemlow, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Amanda Tyler, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Ioannis Tzinieris, A Wahid Uddin, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Ruzena Uddin, Jacinta Ugoji, Edith N Ukaegbu, Mazhar Ul Haq, Waqar Ul Hassan, Zia Ul-Haq, Salamat Ullah, Sana Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Ju Um, Athavan Umaipalan, Anil Umate, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Ben Ummat, Emma Underhill, Charlotte Underwood, Jonathan Underwood, Adam Unsworth, Veerpal Uppal, Veerpal S Uppal, Gerry Upson, Masood Ur Rasool, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Jess Usher, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Alexandra Usher-Rea, Andrew Ustianowski, Effua Usuf, Febriansyah Nur Utomo, Hiromi Uzu, Linda C Vaccari, Uddhav Vaghela, Abhay Vaidya, Denny Vail, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Pramodh Vallabhaneni, Nick Vallotton, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Sarah Van Blydenstein, Lucia van Bruggen, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Lynne van Koutrik, Alexander Van Loggerenberg, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Piyush Vanmali, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Stehen J Vardy, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Anna-Nektaria Varouxaki, Resti Varquez, Valeria Vasadi, Olivia Vass, Katherine Vassell, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Manu Vatish, Sue Vaughan, Heloyes Vayalaman, Darini Vayapooree, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Sachuda Veerasamy, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Aravind Velugupati, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Michelle Venter, Lyn Ventilacion, Joanne Vere, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Rachel Vernall, Britney Vernon, Mark Vertue, Liberty Verueco, Jerik Verula, Anna Veterini, Natalie Vethanayagam, Shambavi Vettikumaran, Lucy Veys, Carinna Vickers, Saji Victor, SImpson Victoria, Celine P Vidaillac, Jennifer Vidler, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Vinod W Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Brigita Vilcinskaite, Alicija Vileito, Neringa Vilimiene, Lynn Vinall, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Olivia Vincent, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Pritpal Virdee, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Martina Vitaglione, Karunakaran Vithian, Sorice Vittoria, Sankkita Vivekananthan, Elena Vlad, Ben Vlies, Linda von Oven, Claire Vooght, Kim Thi Vu Thai, Kritchai Vutipongsatorn, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Phillip Wade, Jonathan Wadsley, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed E I Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Abiodun Waheed Adigun, Sawan Waidyanatha, Alicia Waite, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, William Wakeford, Fiona Wakinshaw, Emma Waldeck, Andrew Walden, Lorna Walding, Alexandria Waldron, Joanne Waldron, Emma Wales, Batool Wali, Danielle Walker, Gemma Walker, Harriet Walker, Ian Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Lauren Walker, Linda Walker, Lynne Walker, Olivia Walker, Rachel Walker, Rebecca Walker, Sara Walker, Susan Walker, Gillian Wallace, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Matthew Wallis, Emma Walmsley, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Maisie Walton, Michael Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Junita Wanda, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Shentong Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Christopher Ward, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Hannah Ward, Janice Ward, Joanna Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Gibril Wardere, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Gareth Waring, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Rebecca Warren, Yolanda Warren, Davina Warrender, Hannah Warren-Miell, Adilia Warris, Gill Warwick, Helen Wassall, Sean Wasserman, Elizabeth Wasson, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Abigail Watkin, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam J R Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Felicity Watson, J G R Watson, Louisa Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Kathleen Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Khairiah Wattimena, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Matthew Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Chloe Webb, Claire Webb, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Jemma Webster, Tim Webster, Jordan Wedlin, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Emma Welch, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Benjamin Welham, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Victoria Wenn, Lauren Wentworth, Joan Wesonga, Kate Wesseldine, Joe West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Kelly Westwood, Sharon Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Andrew White, Ayesha White, Benjamin White, Catherine White, Christopher White, Duncan White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Nikki White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Kelly Whitehorn, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Louiza Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Rachael Whitham, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, Olivia Wickens, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Ashleigh Wignall, Christopher Wignall, Annamaria Wilce, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Ben Wild, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Laura Wilding, Peter Wilding, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Anna Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Eleri Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, Heledd Williams, James Williams, Jennie Williams, Jill Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Mandy Williams, Marie Williams, Mark Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachel Williams, Robin Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Steffan Williams, Tamanna Williams, Tania Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Jodie Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Elaine Willis, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Jayne Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Anna Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, David Wilson, Imogen Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Kristy-Ann Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Stephen Wilson, Toni Wilson, John Wilson, Khin Lei Yee Win, Marlar Win, Than Win, Tin Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Stuart Winearl, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Joseph Winterton, Hannah Winwood, Jack Wischhusen, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Tabitha WIshlade, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Chi-Man Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica S Y Wong, Kit Y Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Ting Wong, Aaron B Wongkyezeng, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Gordon Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Madeleine Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Myles Woodman, Stephen Woodmansey, Charlotte Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Holly Wright, Imogen Wright, Lianne Wright, Rachel Wright, Sarah Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Fitria Wulandari, Retno Wulandari, Subie Wurie, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Bingru E Xia, Zhongyang Xia, Effua Yacoba, Santosh Yadav, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Yuuki Yanagisawa, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Thomas Yates, Mark Yates, Jessica Ye, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Lam Minh Yen, Alastair Yeoh, Chun Yu Yeung, Peter Yew, Durgesh Yewatkar, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Hartantri Yovita, Chrissie Yu, Jack S J Yuan, Nindya Yufaniaputri, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Mahrukh Zainab, Thornton Zak, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Marcelina Zawadzka, Mohammed Zayed, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Darius Zeinali, Jing Zhang, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Eva Zincone, Garikai Zindoga, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Letizia Zitter, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Garazi Zubikarai, Azam Zubir, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, University of St Andrews. Infection and Global Health Division, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, and Group, RECOVERY Collaborative
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Adult ,Male ,Hypoxia/etiology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,3rd-DAS ,General Medicine ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ,AC ,Dexamethasone/therapeutic use ,Hospitals ,Oxygen ,Treatment Outcome ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,MCP ,Humans ,Female - Abstract
Background Low-dose corticosteroids have been shown to reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen or ventilatory support (non-invasive mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). We evaluated the use of a higher dose of corticosteroids in this patient group. Methods This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients with clinical evidence of hypoxia (ie, receiving oxygen or with oxygen saturation Findings Between May 25, 2021, and May 13, 2022, 1272 patients with COVID-19 and hypoxia receiving no oxygen (eight [1%]) or simple oxygen only (1264 [99%]) were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids (659 patients) versus usual care alone (613 patients, of whom 87% received low-dose corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomly assigned, 745 (59%) were in Asia, 512 (40%) in the UK, and 15 (1%) in Africa. 248 (19%) had diabetes and 769 (60%) were male. Overall, 123 (19%) of 659 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids versus 75 (12%) of 613 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·59 [95% CI 1·20–2·10]; p=0·0012). There was also an excess of pneumonia reported to be due to non-COVID infection (64 cases [10%] vs 37 cases [6%]; absolute difference 3·7% [95% CI 0·7–6·6]) and an increase in hyperglycaemia requiring increased insulin dose (142 [22%] vs 87 [14%]; absolute difference 7·4% [95% CI 3·2–11·5]). Interpretation In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with clinical hypoxia who required either no oxygen or simple oxygen only, higher dose corticosteroids significantly increased the risk of death compared with usual care, which included low-dose corticosteroids. The RECOVERY trial continues to assess the effects of higher dose corticosteroids in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 who require non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Funding UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council), National Institute of Health and Care Research, and Wellcome Trust.
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3. Analysing SME investment, financing constraints and its determinants. A stochastic frontier approach
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Maria Martinez-Cillero, Martina Lawless, and Conor O'Toole
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Economics and Econometrics ,Finance - Published
- 2023
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4. Clinical features and management of individuals admitted to hospital with monkeypox and associated complications across the UK: a retrospective cohort study
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Douglas L Fink, Helen Callaby, Akish Luintel, William Beynon, Helena Bond, Eleanor Y Lim, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Jospeh Heskin, Margherita Bracchi, Balram Rathish, Iain Milligan, Geraldine O'Hara, Stephanie Rimmer, Joanna R Peters, Lara Payne, Nisha Mody, Bethany Hodgson, Penny Lewthwaite, Rebecca Lester, Stephen D Woolley, Ann Sturdy, Ashley Whittington, Leann Johnson, Nathan Jacobs, John Quartey, Brendan AI Payne, Stewart Crowe, Ivo AM Elliott, Thomas Harrison, Joby Cole, Katie Beard, Tomas-Paul Cusack, Imogen Jones, Rishi Banerjee, Tommy Rampling, Jake Dunning, Iain D Milligan, Alison J Rodger, Sanjay R Bhagani, Lucy E Lamb, Rachel C Moores, Simon F K Lee, Colin S Brown, Susan Hopkins, Stephen Mepham, Simon Warren, Aoife Molloy, Ian Cropley, Alex Kew, Natasha Karunaharan, Antonia Scobie, Jennifer Hart, Dianne Irish, Tanzina Haque, Hamid Jalal, Robin Smith, Damien Mack, Tristan Barber, Fiona Burns, Robert Miller, Eleanor Hamlyn, Pedro Simoes, Breda Athan, Jennifer Abrahamsen, Jessica Joyce, Caroline Taylor, Sally Reddecliffe, Chloe Miller, Brooke Reeve, Hugh Kingston, Tim Crocker-Buque, Nicolas Massie, Ankush Dhariwal, Angelina Jayakumar, Robert Hammond, Alexandra Bramley, Tanmay Kanitkar, Laura Maynard-Smith, Eliza Gil, Cavan O'Connor, Derek Cocker, Wendy Spicer, Marisa Lanzman, Meera Thacker, Zoe O Anorson, Dharmesh Patel, Alan Williams, Catherine F Houlihan, Dominic Wakerley, Claire N Gordon, Daniel J Bailey, Jenna Furneaux, Abbie M Bown, Elizabeth J Truelove, Marian J Killip, David Jackson, Tracy L B Beetar-King, Ulrike M V Arnold, Rhea M Strachan, Jones Matthew, Hannah J Matthew, Jane C Osborne, Richard Vipond, Barry Gibney, Jodie Owen, Will Beynon, Michael Hunter, Louise McCorry, Carol Emerson, Say Quah, Suzanne Todd, Emma McCarty, Eoin Walker, Susan Feeney, Tanya Curran, Kathy Li, JD Mullan, Kate Jackson, Peter Nelson, Kevin Lewis, Mark McNicol, Marcus Pratt, Anna Smith, Erin Vos, Fahad Alsalemee, Daniel O Leary, John Canny, Katherine McGinnity, Carly Culbert, Conor McDowell, Cathy McQuillan, Eunjin Jeong, Lynsey Glass, Jessica Dyche, Paula McClean, Rebecca Stewart, Harold Ursolino, Melissa Perry, Hannah McCormick, Joseph Heskin, Nicklas Brown, Thomas Juniper, Borja Mora-Peris, Alessia Dalla-Pria, Nicola Mackie, Lucy Garvey, Alan Winston, Graham Cooke, Mark Nelson, Emer Kilbride, Ala Elbishi, William Kerrigan, Joshua Silva, Jesal Gohil, Sasha Payagala, Yasmin Walters, Joanna Smith, Jonathan Goodfellow, Kitty Lyons, Hsiu Tung, Kinjal Patel, Merle Henderson, Michael Butler, Edu Peres, Taiana Silva Carvalho, Antoine Joly, Molly Dickinson, Luke S P Moore, Nabeela Mughal, Stephen Hughes, Shrada Chitlangia, Priyanka Viramgana, Ruth Byrne, Paul Randell, Luigi Strangis, Nicola Poveda, Deborah Bovey, Poppy Richardson, Vivian Heaslip, Christopher Higgs, Marta Boffito, Nicolo Girometti, Gary Whitlock, Victoria Tittle, Rachel Jones, Michael Rayment, Christopher Scott, David Asboe, Marcus Pond, David Muir, Movin Abeywickrema, Sarah-Lou Bailey, Sara E Boyd, Dayana Da Silva Fontoura, Anna Daunt, Claire Y Mason, Jamie Murphy, Vasanth V Naidu, Aatish Patel, Caitlin Pley, Ethan Redmore, Katherine Sharrocks, Luke B Snell, Rohan Sundramoorthi, Jerry C H Tam, Aisling Brown, Sam Douthwaite, Anna Goodman, Gaia Nebbia, William Newsholme, Nicholas Price, Emily Shaw, Alex Salam, Claire van Nispen tot Pannerden, Helen Winslow, Julia Bilinska, Sarah Keegan, Harry Coleman, Jessica Doctor, Nasreen Moini, Daniella Chilton, Golaleh Haidari, Rebecca Simons, Rajababu Kulasegaram, Nick Larbalestier, Achyuta Nori, Jack R Potter, Cecilia Tuudah, Paul Wade, Alexandra Travers, Sarah Dunford, Joshua Greenwood, Georgina Oledimmah, Lesley Gyampo, Pedro SA Pinto, AbdulKadir Muse, Zoe Parker, Charlotte Alexander, Alexander Khan, Medinat Ajayi, Abigail Baltazar, Davis Sharella, Nasra Hersi, Thuy Nguyen, Rugiatu Timbo, Ismail Jalloh, Susan Bryan, Patricia Clarke, Marcia Kerr, Fidelis Amedu, Maria BohoBonaba, Sarah Haque, Michelle Howson, Norbai Tambilawan, Soledad Yupanqui Estay, Hawanatu Bangura, Tseday Gideon, Damilola Jerome-oboh, Linda Tetteh, Chioma Nwagu, Viwoalo Agbaglah, Nona Narag, Mahima Zaveri, Maedhbh Ni Luanaigh, Peggy Keane, Aula Abbara, Olamide Dosekun, Mhairi Bolland, Adam Stafford, Dina Saleh, Rhianna Sheridan, Ella Davies, Kristi Sun, Mark Gilchrist, Priti Kukadia, Muhammed Embrahimsa, Christopher Chiu, Lauren Taylor, Charlotte Short, Jasmini Alagratnam, Iresh Jayaweera, Kavitha Gundugola, Lara V S Payne, Killian Quinn, Caoimhe Nic Fhogartaigh, Nivenjit Kaur, Salmaan Bholah, Kajann Kantha, Jonathan Youngs, Temi Lampejo, Nicholas Pitto, David S Lawrence, Holly Middleditch, Lourdes Dominguez-Dominguez, Ayoma Ratnappuli, Sara Al-Hashimi, Amelia Oliveira, Zoe Ottaway, Larissa Mulka, Anne M Neary, Michael R Downey, Danielle C Lucy, Craig I McCallum, Michael Beadsworth, Libuse Ratcliffe, Tom E Fletcher, Gerry Davies, Nicholas Wong, Stephen Aston, Thomas E Wingfield, Thomas Blanchard, Paul Hine, Susie Gould, Christopher Smith, Michael Abouyannis, Abolaji Atomode, James Cruise, Merna Samual, Nicola Scott, Vino Srirathan, Joseph Lewis, Lauren Richards, Mary-Ann Cummings, Emily Gillan, Rebecca Peers, Amy Tickle, Grace Keating, Tendi Chinyanda, Mav Sanchez, Daniel Harrison, null Hoyle, Ben Metcalfe, Jennifer Taylor, Nicky Johnson, Neil Kelle, Kirsty McDowell, Ian Richardson, Monette Saguidan, Nicky Farmer, Angella Gillespie, Shay Willoughby, Samantha Parker, Shamseena Avulan, Shazia Arif, Suzanne Marshall, David Carlisle, Mohsen Rezaei, Angela Booth, Joanne Watts, Lauren Tremarco, Priyanga Jeyanayagam, Odinaka Ubochi, Daniel Vagianos, Mark Richardson, Anthony Jarvis, Kyra Gow, Jade Walmsley, Adam O'keefe, Anna Smielewska, Mark Hopkins, Fatima Balane, Sarah Bradley, Tumena Corrah, Venus Daquiz, Christopher Dugan, Joshua Elliot, Fiona Foley, Dawn Friday, May Gamit, David Garner, Karishma Gokani, Laurence John, Deepa Joseph, Nuzhath Khan, Cherifer Mamuyac, Alastair McGregor, John McSorley, Victoria Parris, Luciana Rubinstein, Julian Rycroft, Kelcy Salinas, Jason Salinas, Jency Sebatian, Melanie Smith, Marina Tejero Garcia, Uchenna Ume, Margarete Vicentine, Gabriel Wallis, Alec Bonington, Alison Uriel, Andrew Ustianowski, Balazs Dancso, Celia Hogan, Clare van Halsema, F Javier Vilar, Karen Devine, Katherine Ajdukiewicz, Rajesh Rajendran, Samit Ghosh, Michael Riste, Nicholas Machin, Chitra Babu, Shazaad Ahmad, Dorcas Obeng, Farnaz Dave, Gavin Conolley, Joseph Thompson, Maya Tickell-Painter, Prasun Chakravorty, Rachel Pringle, Mohammad R Zafar, Sarah Lawrence, Amada Sanchez-Gonzalez, Cristina Fernandez, Lynsey Goodwin, David Carey, Molly Howarth-Maddison, Samuel Moody, Rebecca Upton, Christina Apthorp, Charlotte Murray, Kirstie Salthouse, Sabah Nadeem, Grant Ridley, Francesca White, Andrew Brown, Michael Lawless, Mohamed Mohamed, Robert Mulligan, Amy Belfield, Jacob Brolly, Maria Calderon, James Cheveau, Milo Cullinan, Sophie Garrad, Will Griffiths, Aidan Ireland, Peter Ireland, Charlotte Milne, Paul Nwajiugo, Bijan Ghavami-Kia, Chris Duncan, Adam Evans, Ewan Hunter, Ashley Price, Matthias Schmid, Uli Schwab, Yusri Taha, Brendan Payne, Ivo A M Elliott, Charles J Woodrow, Drosos E Karageorgopoulos, Peter J Davis, Emily Lord, Oliver J Bannister, Andrew B Dagens, Anne Tunbridge, Saher Choudry, Adam Telfer, Ihsan Jhibril, Syed N Atta, Ben Stone, Cariad Evans, Mike Ankcorn, Suha Akili, Mehmet Yavuz, Vicky Goodall, Sam Farrow, Georgina Mountford, Kate Beard, Julian Sutton, Tristan Clark, Annette Mason, Mike Vickers, Derek Macallan, Tihana Bicanic, Angela Houston, Cassie Pope, NgeeKeong Tan, Christopher Ward, Jonathan Cohen, Marieke Emonts-le Clercq, David Porter, Andrew Riordan, Ruchi Sinha, Elizabeth Whittaker, and Monkeypox, Specialist and High Consequence Infectious Diseases Centres Network for
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Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Background:The scale of the 2022 global mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreak has been unprecedented. In less than 6 months, non-endemic countries have reported more than 67 000 cases of a disease that had previously been rare outside of Africa. Mortality has been reported as rare but hospital admission has been relatively common. We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of individuals admitted to hospital with mpox and associated complications, including tecovirimat recipients. Methods:In this cohort study, we undertook retrospective review of electronic clinical records and pathology data for all individuals admitted between May 6, and Aug 3, 2022, to 16 hospitals from the Specialist and High Consequence Infectious Diseases Network for Monkeypox. The hospitals were located in ten cities in England and Northern Ireland. Inclusion criteria were clinical signs consistent with mpox and MPXV DNA detected from at least one clinical sample by PCR testing. Patients admitted solely for isolation purposes were excluded from the study. Key outcomes included admission indication, complications (including pain, secondary infection, and mortality) and use of antibiotic and anti-viral treatments. Routine biochemistry, haematology, microbiology, and virology data were also collected. Outcomes were assessed in all patients with available data. Findings:156 individuals were admitted to hospital with complicated mpox during the study period. 153 (98%) were male and three (2%) were female, with a median age of 35 years (IQR 30–44). Gender data were collected from electronic patient records, which encompassed full formal review of clincian notes. The prespecified options for data collection for gender were male, female, trans, non-binary, or unknown. 105 (71%) of 148 participants with available ethnicity data were of White ethnicity and 47 (30%) of 155 were living with HIV with a median CD4 count of 510 cells per mm3(IQR 349–828). Rectal or perianal pain (including proctitis) was the most common indication for hospital admission (44 [28%] of 156). Severe pain was reported in 89 (57%) of 156, and secondary bacterial infection in 82 (58%) of 142 individuals with available data. Median admission duration was 5 days (IQR 2–9). Ten individuals required surgery and two cases of encephalitis were reported. 38 (24%) of the 156 individuals received tecovirimat with early cessation in four cases (two owing to hepatic transaminitis, one to rapid treatment response, and one to patient choice). No deaths occurred during the study period. Interpretation:Although life-threatening mpox appears rare in hospitalised populations during the current outbreak, severe mpox and associated complications can occur in immunocompetent individuals. Analgesia and management of superimposed bacterial infection are priorities for patients admitted to hospital.
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5. A Cross-Country Policy-Maker Perspective on Corporate Restructuring Laws Under Stress
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Antonia Menezes and Harry Lawless
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Political Science and International Relations ,Business and International Management ,Law - Abstract
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw a period of rapid experimentation with insolvency law settings, designed to prevent a wave of insolvencies. Although governments acted quickly to keep debtors out of insolvency processes, they did not alter high levels of underlying indebtedness. In this worsening economic climate characterized by low growth, high inflation, fiscal tightening and high indebtedness, it appears, in certain countries, that these measures may have deferred, rather than prevented, high insolvency levels. A key economic legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic is the extensive fiscal stimulus and the resulting budgetary constraints this has placed on governments. In this context, there is increasing evidence of the importance of frameworks for out-of-court debt workouts as a complement to formal corporate restructuring frameworks.
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- 2023
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6. Implementation of caregiver depression screening in an urban, community-based asthma clinic: a quality improvement project
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Rachel H. F. Margolis, Shilpa J. Patel, Taylor Brewer, Casey Lawless, Julie Krueger, Eduardo Fox, Nikita Kachroo, Shayla Stringfield, and Stephen J. Teach
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology and Allergy - Published
- 2023
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7. Institutional Inversion and 'Demand-Side' Versus 'Supply-Side' Views of Culture
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Dov Cohen, Minjae Seo, and Robert M. Lawless
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General Psychology - Abstract
Institutional inversion occurs when collective attitudes lead to institutions that in turn lead to behaviors that are the opposite of those attitudes. We illustrate this process with the case of debt, in which antidebtor attitudes in Protestant (vs. Catholic) cultures led to institutions that fostered higher household indebtedness. We describe three factors hypothesized to make institutional inversion more likely: erroneous lay theories (particularly those that take a “demand-side” vs. a “supply-side” view of culture), moralization, and narrow construals (in terms of time, goals, and populations considered).
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- 2023
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8. A dyadic analysis of partner maltreatment using an attachment-based diathesis–stress model: A lab-based study
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Laura Knox, Gery C. Karantzas, Elizabeth Ferguson, and Nicholas Lawless
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Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Published
- 2023
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9. The Development and Validation of the Pornography Use in Romantic Relationships Scale
- Author
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Nicholas Lawless, Gery Karantzas, and Laura Knox
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Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,General Psychology - Abstract
Recent reviews of the pornography literature have called for the development of valid and reliable measures that assess multiple facets of pornography use. Moreover, despite pornography use having important implications for romantic relationships, there are currently no self-report assessments of pornography use specifically within the context of romantic relationships. To address these limitations, the current paper reports on two studies regarding the development and psychometric evaluation of a 38-item multidimensional measure of pornography use within the context of romantic relationships: the Pornography Use in Romantic Relationships Scale (PURRS). Study 1 (n = 739) reports on an Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analytic approach to determine the factor structure of the PURRS. Study 2 (n = 765) reports on the cross-validation of the factor structure of the PURRS, before assessing the criterion validity of the measure. The PURRS exhibited good internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity. The findings suggest that the PURRS is best modeled by 13 first-order factors, though a higher-order factor structure comprising four broad factors may also be used. The PURRS significantly extends on past assessments of pornography use, and in particular, advances the assessment and study of pornography use within the context of romantic relationships.
- Published
- 2023
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10. A proposed clinical coagulation score for research in trauma-induced coagulopathy
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Andrew P. Eitel, Ernest E. Moore, Angela Sauaia, Marguerite R. Kelher, Navin G. Vigneshwar, Matthew G. Bartley, Jamie B. Hadley, Clay C. Burlew, Eric M. Campion, Charles J. Fox, Ryan A. Lawless, Frederic M. Pieracci, Kenneth B. Platnick, Hunter B. Moore, Mitchell J. Cohen, and Christopher C. Silliman
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Surgery ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine - Published
- 2023
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11. The Concentric Firestorm: A Qualitative Study of Black Lives Matter Activism and the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Tiffany D. Gallicano, Olivia Lawless, Abagail M. Higgins, Samira Shaikh, and Sara Levens
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Public Administration ,Sociology and Political Science - Published
- 2023
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12. The Effect of Preoperative Symptom Duration on Patient-Reported Outcomes After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in Nonmyelopathic Patients: Analyses From the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MSSIC)
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Michael H, Lawless, Doris, Tong, Chad F, Claus, Connor, Hanson, Chenxi, Li, Paul, Park, Victor W, Chang, Muwaffak M, Abdulhak, Clifford M, Houseman, Peter L, Bono, Daniel A, Carr, Boyd F, Richards, Prashant S, Kelkar, and Teck M, Soo
- Subjects
Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
The effect of preoperative symptom duration (PSD) on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for radiculopathy is unclear.To determine whether PSD is a predictor for PRO after ACDF for radiculopathy.The Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative registry was queried between March, 2014, and July, 2019, for patients who underwent ACDF without myelopathy and PROs (baseline, 90 days, 1 year, 2 years). PROs were measured by numerical rating scales for neck/arm pain, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form-Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), EuroQol-5D (EQ5D), and North American Spine Society satisfaction. Univariate analyses were used to evaluate the proportion of patients reaching minimal clinically important differences (MCID). PSD was3 months, 3 month-1 year, or1 years. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between PSD and PRO reaching MCID. The discriminative ability of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve.We included 2233 patients who underwent ACDF with PSD3 months (278, 12.4%), 3 month-1 year (669, 30%), and1 years (1286, 57.6%). Univariate analyses demonstrated a greater proportion of patients achieving MCID in3-month cohort for arm numerical rating scales, PROMIS-PF, EQ5D, and North American Spine Society Satisfaction. Multivariable analyses demonstrated using3 months PSD as a reference, PSD1 years was associated with decreased odds of achieving MCID for EQ5D (odds ratio 0.5, CI 0.32-0.80, P = .004). Private insurance and increased baseline PRO were associated with significantly higher odds for achieving PROMIS-PF MCID and EQ5D-MCID.Preoperative symptom duration greater than 1 year in patients who underwent ACDF for radiculopathy was associated with worse odds of achieving MCID for multiple PROs.
- Published
- 2022
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13. The benefit for radiotherapy at specialised sarcoma centres: A systematic review and clinical practice guidelines from the Australia and New Zealand Sarcoma Association
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Angela M, Hong, Helen, Lo, Anna, Lawless, Deborah, Zhou, Susie, Bae, Marianne, Phillips, Fiona, Maclean, Jayesh, Desai, Jasmine, Mar, Smaro, Lazarakis, David, Pryor, and Stephen R, Thompson
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Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Hematology - Abstract
Patients with sarcoma are best managed at specialised sarcoma centres as supported by published literature. Optimal management requires multidisciplinary team input to formulate the diagnosis and treatment sequencing taking into consideration multiple clinical and pathologic factors. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact on outcomes of radiotherapy at specialised sarcoma centres. A systematic review was conducted using the population, intervention, comparison and outcome model. A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central databases for publications from 1990 to February 2022 that evaluated the local control, survival and toxicity of radiotherapy at specialised sarcoma centres. A total of 21 studies were included (17 cancer registry studies, four retrospective comparative studies). Four studies reported the local recurrence endpoint when radiotherapy was part of limb conservation treatment and showed better conformity to clinical practice guidelines and an improved local recurrence free rate when radiotherapy treatment is supported through, but may not be necessarily delivered at a specialised sarcoma centres. Only one retrospective study analysed toxicity specifically and demonstrated that patients who received preoperative radiotherapy at community centres compared to radiotherapy at a specialised sarcoma centre were more likely to develop a major wound complication. Fourteen studies reported overall survival, and 12 of these showed significantly better 5-year overall survival for patients managed at specialised sarcoma centres, however the specific impact of radiotherapy delivered at sarcoma centres could not be determined. In conclusion, patients with sarcoma should be managed through specialised sarcoma centres for better oncological outcomes. Radiotherapy in specialised sarcoma centre is associated with a lower rate of wound complications and may contribute to improved oncological outcomes as part of the limb conservation treatment at a specialised sarcoma centre.
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- 2022
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14. In Patients Admitted to a Home Rehabilitation Service, Is Remote Completion of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Physical Examination Using Still Images Captured by Allied Health Assistants a Valid Alternative to an In-Person Physical Examination?
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Jolene Thomas, Cassandra Lawless, Alexandra Christie, Owen Kuhr, and Michelle Miller
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Adult ,Hospitalization ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Nutrition Assessment ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Humans ,Nutritional Status ,General Medicine ,Physical Examination ,Food Science - Abstract
There is increasing provision of telehealth services, including nutrition services. However, remote nutrition assessments are challenging due to difficulties in conducting physical assessments remotely, a crucial component of assessing nutritional status.The aim of this study was to evaluate whether remote completion of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment physical examination using still images captured by allied health assistants (AHAs) is a valid alternative to an in-person physical examination in patients admitted to a home rehabilitation service.This study was cross-sectional in design.This study involved 104 adults admitted to the home rehabilitation service at Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia, over 2 sampling periods in 2019 and 2020 who were receiving home visits by an AHA and were engaged in rehabilitation activities.Validity of the still image-based physical assessment was determined using still images collected by an AHA and an in-person physical assessment completed by a dietitian from each participant. A dietitian blinded to the in-person results later assessed the de-identified still images to determine the presence and extent of deficit at each anatomical site and overall physical examination component of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment.Percentage agreement, weighted κ, sensitivity, and specificity between the still image based and in-person physical examinations were determined to assess agreement between the 2 methods of assessment.The still image based physical examination achieved a percentage agreement of 75% against the in-person examination, with a weighted κ of 0.662 (95% confidence interval 0.516-0.808) and a sensitivity-specificity pair of 76.6% and 89.1%.Physical examination using still images collected by AHAs achieved percentage agreement, κ, and sensitivity and specificity compared with an in-person physical examination that is consistent with or superior to commonly adopted nutrition screening and assessment tools. There is potential for implementation of this method to facilitate remote nutritional assessments by dietitians; however, further work is needed to ensure dietitians are able to assess still images reliably.
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- 2022
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15. Academia, Twitter wars, and suffocating social justice in Canada: the case of unrecognised Indigenous peoples
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Michel Bouchard, Sébastien Malette, and Jo-Anne Muise Lawless
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Sociology and Political Science ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Anthropology - Published
- 2022
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16. Viral Genetic Determinants of Prolonged Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Infants in a Healthy Term Birth Cohort
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Dylan Lawless, Christopher G. McKennan, Suman R. Das, Thomas Junier, Zhi Ming Xu, Larry J Anderson, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Meghan H. Shilts, Emma Larkin, Christian Rosas-Salazar, James D. Chappell, Jacques Fellay, and Tina V. Hartert
- Subjects
Infectious Diseases ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
1AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with acute respiratory infection. We sought to identify RSV variants associated with prolonged infection.MethodsAmong healthy term infants we identified those with prolonged RSV infection and conducted 1) a human GWAS to test the dependence of infection risk on host genotype, 2) a viral GWAS for association with prolonged RSV infection using RSV whole-genome sequencing, 3) an analysis of all viral public sequences, 4) an assessment of immunological responses, and 5) a summary of all major functional data. Analyses were adjusted for viral/human population structure and host factors associated with infection risk.ResultsWe identified p.E123K/D and p.P218T/S/L in G protein that were associated with prolonged infection (Padj= 0.01). We found no evidence of host genetic risk for infection. The RSV variant positions approximate sequences that could bind a putative viral receptor, heparan sulfate.ConclusionsUsing analysis of both viral and host genetics we identified a novel RSV variant associated with prolonged infection in healthy infants and no evidence supporting host genetic susceptibility to infection. As the capacity of RSV for chronicity and its viral reservoir are not defined, these findings are important for understanding the impact of RSV on chronic disease and endemicity.Key pointsUsing a comprehensive computational analysis of viral and host genetics we identified a novel RSV variant associated with prolonged infection and no evidence supporting host genetic infection susceptibility, findings important to understanding RSV contribution to chronic disease and viral endemicity.SummaryA comprehensive computational statistical analysis of both host and viral genetics provided compelling evidence for RSV viral persistence in healthy human infants, a finding of significant importance to understanding the impact of RSV on chronic disease and viral endemicity.
- Published
- 2022
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17. Beckett’s M
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Annemarie Lawless
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Philosophy ,Literature and Literary Theory - Published
- 2022
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18. Targeting the GTV in medically inoperable endometrial cancer using brachytherapy
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Emily C. Merfeld, Aleksandra Kuczmarska-Haas, Adam R. Burr, Jacob S. Witt, David M. Francis, Jayne-Norah Ntambi, Vimal K. Desai, Jessie Y. Huang, Jessica R. Miller, Michael J. Lawless, Charles R. Wallace, Bethany M. Anderson, and Kristin A. Bradley
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Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Abstract
We aimed to determine the relationship between gross tumor volume (GTV) dose and tumor control in women with medically inoperable endometrial cancer, and to demonstrate the feasibility of targeting a GTV-focused volume using imaged-guided brachytherapy.An endometrial cancer database was used to identify patients. Treatment plans were reviewed to determine doses to GTV, clinical target volume (CTV), and OARs. Uterine recurrence-free survival was evaluated as a function of CTV and GTV doses. Brachytherapy was replanned with a goal of GTV D98 EQDFifty-four patients were identified. In the delivered plans, GTV D90 EQDOAR dose constraints should be prioritized over CTV coverage if GTV coverage is sufficient. Prospective evaluation of image-guided brachytherapy to a reduced, GTV-focused volume is warranted.
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- 2022
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19. Small islands and large biogeographic barriers have driven contrasting speciation patterns in Indo-Pacific sunbirds (Aves: Nectariniidae)
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Fionn Ó Marcaigh, David J Kelly, Darren P O’Connell, Kangkuso Analuddin, Adi Karya, Jennifer McCloughan, Ellen Tolan, Naomi Lawless, and Nicola M Marples
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Animal Science and Zoology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Birds of the Indo-Pacific have provided biologists with many foundational insights. This study presents evidence for strong phylogeographic structure in two sunbird species from the heart of this region, the olive-backed sunbird, Cinnyris jugularis, and the black sunbird, Leptocoma aspasia. We assessed population divergence using morphological, plumage, bioacoustic and molecular data (mitochondrial ND2/ND3). Our findings indicate that the olive-backed sunbird should be recognized as multiple species, because birds from Sulawesi and the Sahul Shelf are closely related to each other, but widely separated from those in other regions. In addition, we provide evidence for an endemic species on the Wakatobi Islands, an archipelago of deep-sea islands off south-east Sulawesi. That a small bird could exhibit a range all the way from Sulawesi to Australia, while diverging on a small archipelago within this range, illustrates the complex interplay between dispersal and speciation. Our black sunbird genetic data also suggest unrecognized population structure, despite relatively weak plumage divergence. Black sunbirds in Sulawesi are likely to be a separate species from those in New Guinea, with a mean genetic distance of 9.1%. Current taxonomy suggests these sunbird species transcend classic biogeographic barriers, but our results suggest that these barriers are not easily bypassed.
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- 2022
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20. Best Practices for Constructed‐Response Scoring
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Daniel F. McCaffrey, Jodi M. Casabianca, Kathryn L. Ricker‐Pedley, René R. Lawless, and Cathy Wendler
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Social Psychology ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Applied Psychology ,Education - Published
- 2022
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21. 'You Are By No Means Alone': A Netnographic Study of Self-Care Support in an Online Community for Older Adults
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Michael T. Lawless, Sarah C. Hunter, Maria Alejandra Pinero de Plaza, Mandy M. Archibald, and Alison L. Kitson
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Self Care ,Internet ,Grounded Theory ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Social Support ,Peer Group ,Aged - Abstract
Online peer-to-peer communities provide environments in which people with similar health concerns can interact and exchange information that can support self-care of long-term conditions. However, current theories have not adequately accounted for how self-care support is enacted in online communities. We conducted an observational netnography to identify and analyze posts in a publicly accessible online community (discussion forum boards) designed for older people. A Straussian grounded theory approach was used to examine 659 posts in health-related message boards. Self-care support involved the construction of three interrelated identities: (1) the support seeking self, in which members described problems and requested information; (2) the empathizing self, in which they described similar experiences and offered support; and (3) the influencing self, in which they provided information or advice. Online communities appear to be an important source of peer support and information and may be a cost-effective approach to supplement standard care.
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- 2022
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22. Transplantation of human neural progenitor cells secreting GDNF into the spinal cord of patients with ALS: a phase 1/2a trial
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Robert H. Baloh, J. Patrick Johnson, Pablo Avalos, Peggy Allred, Soshana Svendsen, Genevieve Gowing, Kristina Roxas, Amanda Wu, Becky Donahue, Sheryl Osborne, George Lawless, Brandon Shelley, Koral Wheeler, Carolyn Prina, Dana Fine, Tami Kendra-Romito, Haniah Stokes, Vicki Manoukian, Abirami Muthukumaran, Leslie Garcia, Maria G. Bañuelos, Marlesa Godoy, Catherine Bresee, Hong Yu, Doniel Drazin, Lindsey Ross, Robert Naruse, Harish Babu, Eric A. Macklin, Ashley Vo, Ashraf Elsayegh, Warren Tourtellotte, Marcel Maya, Matthew Burford, Frank Diaz, Chirag G. Patil, Richard A. Lewis, and Clive N. Svendsen
- Subjects
Disease Models, Animal ,Neural Stem Cells ,Spinal Cord ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,Animals ,Humans ,Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ,General Medicine ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves progressive motor neuron loss, leading to paralysis and death typically within 3–5 years of diagnosis. Dysfunctional astrocytes may contribute to disease and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can be protective. Here we show that human neural progenitor cells transduced with GDNF (CNS10-NPC-GDNF) differentiated to astrocytes protected spinal motor neurons and were safe in animal models. CNS10-NPC-GDNF were transplanted unilaterally into the lumbar spinal cord of 18 ALS participants in a phase 1/2a study (NCT02943850). The primary endpoint of safety at 1 year was met, with no negative effect of the transplant on motor function in the treated leg compared with the untreated leg. Tissue analysis of 13 participants who died of disease progression showed graft survival and GDNF production. Benign neuromas near delivery sites were common incidental findings at post-mortem. This study shows that one administration of engineered neural progenitors can provide new support cells and GDNF delivery to the ALS patient spinal cord for up to 42 months post-transplantation.
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- 2022
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23. Teaching a Seminar on How to Teach Seminars in Psychology
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Donald A. Saucier, Tucker L. Jones, Tiffany J. Lawless, Amanda L. Martens, Conor J. O’Dea, Svyatoslav Prokhorets, and Evelyn Stratmoen
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Education - Published
- 2022
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24. Assessment of Discharge Analgesic Prescription Patterns for Hospitalized Patients With Rib Fractures
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Anna K. Gergen, Caitlin Robinson, Fredric M. Pieracci, Clay Cothren Burlew, Kenneth B. Platnick, Eric Campion, Ryan Lawless, Jamie J. Coleman, Melanie Hoehn, Ernest E. Moore, Mitchell J. Cohen, and Nicole L. Werner
- Subjects
Adult ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Male ,Pain, Postoperative ,Prescriptions ,Rib Fractures ,Humans ,Female ,Surgery ,Prospective Studies ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,Patient Discharge ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
There is a paucity of data describing opioid prescribing patterns for trauma patients. We investigated pain medication regimens prescribed at discharge for patients with traumatic rib fractures, as well as potential variables predictive of opioid prescribing.A single-center, retrospective analysis was performed of 337 adult patients presenting with ≥1 traumatic rib fractures between January and December 2019. The primary outcome was oral morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed on discharge. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors independently associated with above median (150) MME prescription at discharge.The majority of patients were male (68.8%) with a median age of 53 y. Blunt trauma accounted for 97.3% of cases with a median Injury Severity Score(ISS) of 10. Locoregional pain procedures were utilized in 16.9% of patients. Opioids were the most common analgesic prescribed at discharge, and 74.1% of patients prescribed opioids on discharge were also prescribed a non-opioid adjunct. On multivariable analysis, daily MME prescribed during hospitalization (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.02, P 0.01) and number of rib fractures (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.36-3.74, P 0.01) were predictive of high MME prescribed on discharge.For patients with traumatic rib fractures, daily MME during hospitalization and number of rib fractures were predictive of high MME prescribing on discharge. Further prospective studies evaluating strategies for pain management and protocolized approaches to opioid prescribing are needed to reduce unnecessary and inappropriate opioid use in this patient population.
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- 2022
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25. Bisphosphonate Drug Holiday and Fracture Risk: Reviewing the Evidence
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Annette L. Adams, Denison S. Ryan, Anna Lawless, and Heidi Fischer
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General Medicine - Published
- 2022
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26. Acceptance of a Novel Food is Related to Caregiver Perceptions of Infant and Toddler Food-related Receptive Language
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Allison L.B. Shapiro, Megan C. Lawless, Abigail Flesher, Kendal Lattanzi, Renee Charlifue-Smith, and Susan L. Johnson
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Caregivers ,Food ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Infant ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Language Development ,Vocabulary ,Article ,Language - Abstract
Language development, both what is understood (receptive language) and spoken (expressive language), is considered critical to a child's ability to understand and interact with their environment. However, little research has investigated the role children's early language skills might play in their food acceptance. The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between young children's food-related receptive language (FRL) and food-related expressive language (FEL) and acceptance of novel food.Caregivers (n = 54) reported their perceptions of children's (aged 7-24 months) FRL and FEL using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory. Novel food acceptance was observed (grams consumed) during a laboratory visit. Multivariable linear regression tested associations between FRL, FEL, and novel food acceptance, by child age (infants [aged from 7 to12 months], toddlers [aged 12-24 months]), and at a significance level of P0.1 for hypothesis-generating research.Children's FRL and food acceptance differed by age (F = 8.08, P = 0.01). Among toddlers, greater FRL was associated with greater novel food acceptance (0.22 g [95% confidence interval, -0.04 to 0.49]), P = 0.09). In infants, greater FRL was associated with lower novel food acceptance (-0.80 g [95% confidence interval, -1.53 to -0.07], P = 0.03). No association between FEL and novel food acceptance was noted in either group.Toddlers' understanding of food-related vocabulary may facilitate food acceptance; however, young infants may not yet have sufficient FRL to facilitate novel food acceptance.
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- 2022
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27. The Conditioning of Hybrid Variational Data Assimilation
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Shataer, Shaerdan, Lawless, Amos S., and Nichols, Nancy K.
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FOS: Mathematics ,Numerical Analysis (math.NA) ,Mathematics - Numerical Analysis - Abstract
In variational assimilation, the most probable state of a dynamical system under Gaussian assumptions for the prior and likelihood can be found by solving a least-squares minimization problem . In recent years, we have seen the popularity of hybrid variational data assimilation methods for Numerical Weather Prediction. In these methods, the prior error covariance matrix is a weighted sum of a climatological part and a flow-dependent ensemble part, the latter being rank deficient. The nonlinear least squares problem of variational data assimilation is solved using iterative numerical methods, and the condition number of the Hessian is a good proxy for the convergence behavior of such methods. In this paper, we study the conditioning of the least squares problem in a hybrid four-dimensional variational data assimilation (Hybrid 4D-Var) scheme by establishing bounds on the condition number of the Hessian. In particular, we consider the effect of the ensemble component of the prior covariance on the conditioning of the system. Numerical experiments show that the bounds obtained can be useful in predicting the behavior of the true condition number and the convergence speed of an iterative algorithm
- Published
- 2023
28. Solution Space Characterisation of Perturbed Linear Volterra Integrodifferential Convolution Equations: the Lp case
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Appleby, John A. D. and Lawless, Emmet
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Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA) ,FOS: Mathematics ,45D05 - Abstract
In this paper we characterise the Lp stability of perturbed linear Volterra integrodifferential convolution equations. Additionally we provide a framework which points to necessary and sufficient conditions on the forcing function that ensures the solution lies in a particular function space. We highlight how such a result is of interest when studying perturbed Stochastic Functional Differential Equations (SFDEs)., 6 pages
- Published
- 2023
29. Review of: 'Why are there different versions of the COM-B model diagram?'
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William Lawless
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- 2023
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30. Proximity labelling identifies pro-migratory endocytic recycling cargo and machinery of the Rab4 and Rab11 families
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Beverley Wilson, Chloe Flett, Jakub Gemperle, Craig Lawless, Matthew Hartshorn, Eleanor Hinde, Tess Harrison, Megan Chastney, Sarah Taylor, Jennifer Allen, Jim C. Norman, Thomas Zacharchenko, and Patrick Caswell
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Cell Biology - Abstract
Endocytic recycling controls the return of internalised cargos to the plasma membrane to coordinate their positioning, availability and downstream signalling. The Rab4 and Rab11 small GTPase families regulate distinct recycling routes, broadly classified as fast recycling from early endosomes (Rab4) and slow recycling from perinuclear recycling endosomes (Rab11), and both routes handle a broad range of overlapping cargos to regulate cell behaviour. We adopted a proximity labelling approach, BioID, to identify and compare the protein complexes recruited by Rab4a, Rab11a and Rab25 (a Rab11 family member implicated in cancer aggressiveness), revealing statistically robust protein-protein interaction networks of both new and well characterised cargos and trafficking machinery in migratory cancer cells. Gene ontological analysis of these interconnected networks revealed that these endocytic recycling pathways are intrinsically connected to cell motility and cell adhesion. Using a knock sideways relocalisation approach we were further able to confirm novel links between Rab11/25 and the ESCPE-1 and retromer multiprotein sorting complexes, and identify new endocytic recycling machinery associated with Rab4, Rab11 and Rab25 that regulates cancer cell migration in 3D-matrix.
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- 2023
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31. Titratable partial aortic occlusion: Extending Zone I endovascular occlusion times
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David Gomez, Asad Naveed, Joao Rezende, Bradley M Dennis, Rishi Kundi, Elizabeth Benjamin, Ryan Lawless, Jonathan Nguyen, Juan Duchesne, Chance Spalding, Stephanie Doris, Candice Van Skike, Ernest E. Moore, and Andrew Beckett
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Surgery ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine - Published
- 2023
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32. Risk of Midlife Stroke After Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: The FinnGen Study
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Eliza C. Miller, Anni Kauko, Sarah E. Tom, Hannele Laivuori, Teemu Niiranen, Natalie A. Bello, Aarno Palotie, Mark Daly, Bridget Riley-Gills, Howard Jacob, Dirk Paul, Athena Matakidou, Adam Platt, Heiko Runz, Sally John, George Okafo, Nathan Lawless, Heli Salminen-Mankonen, Robert Plenge, Joseph Maranville, Mark McCarthy, Julie Hunkapiller, Margaret G. Ehm, Kirsi Auro, Simonne Longerich, Caroline Fox, Anders Mälarstig, Katherine Klinger, Deepak Raipal, Eric Green, Robert Graham, Robert Yang, Chris O´ Donnell, Tomi P. Mäkelä, Jaakko Kaprio, Petri Virolainen, Antti Hakanen, Terhi Kilpi, Markus Perola, Jukka Partanen, Anne Pitkäranta, Taneli Raivio, Raisa Serpi, Tarja Laitinen, Veli-Matti Kosma, Jari Laukkanen, Marco Hautalahti, Outi Tuovila, Raimo Pakkanen, Jeffrey Waring, Bridget Riley-Gillis, Fedik Rahimov, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Chia-Yen Chen, Zhihao Ding, Marc Jung, Shameek Biswas, Rion Pendergrass, David Pulford, Neha Raghavan, Adriana Huertas-Vazquez, Jae-Hoon Sul, Xinli Hu, Sahar Mozaffari, Dawn Waterworth, Nicole Renaud, Ma´en Obeidat, Samuli Ripatti, Johanna Schleutker, Mikko Arvas, Olli Carpén, Reetta Hinttala, Johannes Kettunen, Arto Mannermaa, Katriina Aalto-Setälä, Mika Kähönen, Johanna Mäkelä, Reetta Kälviäinen, Valtteri Julkunen, Hilkka Soininen, Anne Remes, Mikko Hiltunen, Jukka Peltola, Minna Raivio, Pentti Tienari, Juha Rinne, Roosa Kallionpää, Juulia Partanen, Ali Abbasi, Adam Ziemann, Nizar Smaoui, Anne Lehtonen, Susan Eaton, Sanni Lahdenperä, Natalie Bowers, Edmond Teng, Fanli Xu, Laura Addis, John Eicher, Qingqin S Li, Karen He, Ekaterina Khramtsova, Martti Färkkilä, Jukka Koskela, Sampsa Pikkarainen, Airi Jussila, Katri Kaukinen, Timo Blomster, Mikko Kiviniemi, Markku Voutilainen, Tim Lu, Linda McCarthy, Amy Hart, Meijian Guan, Jason Miller, Kirsi Kalpala, Melissa Miller, Kari Eklund, Antti Palomäki, Pia Isomäki, Laura Pirilä, Oili Kaipiainen-Seppänen, Johanna Huhtakangas, Nina Mars, Apinya Lertratanakul, Marla Hochfeld, Jorge Esparza Gordillo, Fabiana Farias, Nan Bing, Margit Pelkonen, Paula Kauppi, Hannu Kankaanranta, Terttu Harju, Riitta Lahesmaa, Glenda Lassi, Hubert Chen, Joanna Betts, Rajashree Mishra, Majd Mouded, Debby Ngo, Felix Vaura, Veikko Salomaa, Kaj Metsärinne, Jenni Aittokallio, Jussi Hernesniemi, Daniel Gordin, Juha Sinisalo, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Timo Hiltunen, Amanda Elliott, Mary Pat Reeve, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Benjamin Challis, Audrey Chu, Dermot Reilly, Mike Mendelson, Jaakko Parkkinen, Tuomo Meretoja, Heikki Joensuu, Johanna Mattson, Eveliina Salminen, Annika Auranen, Peeter Karihtala, Päivi Auvinen Klaus Elenius, Esa Pitkänen, Relja Popovic, Jennifer Schutzman, Diptee Kulkarni, Alessandro Porello, Andrey Loboda, Heli Lehtonen, Stefan McDonough, Sauli Vuoti, Kai Kaarniranta, Joni A Turunen, Terhi Ollila, Hannu Uusitalo, Juha Karjalainen, Mengzhen Liu, Stephanie Loomis, Erich Strauss, Hao Chen, Kaisa Tasanen, Laura Huilaja, Katariina Hannula-Jouppi, Teea Salmi, Sirkku Peltonen, Leena Koulu, David Choy, Ying Wu, Pirkko Pussinen, Aino Salminen, Tuula Salo, David Rice, Pekka Nieminen, Ulla Palotie, Maria Siponen, Liisa Suominen, Päivi Mäntylä, Ulvi Gursoy, Vuokko Anttonen, Kirsi Sipilä, Venla Kurra, Laura Kotaniemi-Talonen, Oskari Heikinheimo, Ilkka Kalliala, Lauri Aaltonen, Varpu Jokimaa, Marja Vääräsmäki, Outi Uimari, Laure Morin-Papunen, Maarit Niinimäki, Terhi Piltonen, Katja Kivinen, Elisabeth Widen, Taru Tukiainen, Niko Välimäki, Eija Laakkonen, Jaakko Tyrmi, Heidi Silven, Eeva Sliz, Riikka Arffman, Susanna Savukoski, Triin Laisk, Natalia Pujol, Janet Kumar, Iiris Hovatta, Erkki Isometsä, Hanna Ollila, Jaana Suvisaari, Thomas Damm Als, Antti Mäkitie, Argyro Bizaki-Vallaskangas, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Tytti Willberg, Elmo Saarentaus, Antti Aarnisalo, Elisa Rahikkala, Kristiina Aittomäki, Fredrik Åberg, Mitja Kurki, Aki Havulinna, Juha Mehtonen, Priit Palta, Shabbeer Hassan, Pietro Della, Briotta Parolo, Wei Zhou, Mutaamba Maasha, Susanna Lemmelä, Manuel Rivas, Mari E. Niemi, Aoxing Liu, Arto Lehisto, Andrea Ganna, Vincent Llorens, Henrike Heyne, Joel Rämö, Rodos Rodosthenous, Satu Strausz, Tuula Palotie, Kimmo Palin, Javier Garcia-Tabuenca, Harri Siirtola, Tuomo Kiiskinen, Jiwoo Lee, Kristin Tsuo, Kati Kristiansson, Kati Hyvärinen, Jarmo Ritari, Katri Pylkäs, Minna Karjalainen, Tuomo Mantere, Eeva Kangasniemi, Sami Heikkinen, Nina Pitkänen, Samuel Lessard, Clément Chatelain, Perttu Terho, Sirpa Soini, Eero Punkka, Sanna Siltanen, Teijo Kuopio, Anu Jalanko, Huei-Yi Shen, Risto Kajanne, Mervi Aavikko, Henna Palin, Malla-Maria Linna, Masahiro Kanai, L. Elisa Lahtela, Mari Kaunisto, Elina Kilpeläinen, Timo P. Sipilä, Oluwaseun Alexander Dada, Awaisa Ghazal, Anastasia Kytölä, Rigbe Weldatsadik, Kati Donner, Anu Loukola, Päivi Laiho, Tuuli Sistonen, Essi Kaiharju, Markku Laukkanen, Elina Järvensivu, Sini Lähteenmäki, Lotta Männikkö, Regis Wong, Auli Toivola, Minna Brunfeldt, Hannele Mattsson, Sami Koskelainen, Tero Hiekkalinna, Teemu Paajanen, Kalle Pärn, Mart Kals, Shuang Luo, Shanmukha Sampath Padmanabhuni, Marianna Niemi, Javier Gracia-Tabuenca, Mika Helminen, Tiina Luukkaala, Iida Vähätalo, Jyrki Pitkänen, Sarah Smith, and Tom Southerington
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) contribute to higher risk of maternal cerebrovascular disease, but longitudinal data that include APO and stroke timing are lacking. We hypothesized that APO are associated with younger age at first stroke, with a stronger relationship in those with >1 pregnancy with APO. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal Finnish nationwide health registry data from the FinnGen Study. We included women who gave birth after 1969 when the hospital discharge registry was established. We defined APO as a pregnancy affected by gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, preterm birth, small for gestational age infant, or placental abruption. We defined stroke as first hospital admission for ischemic stroke or nontraumatic intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage, excluding stroke during pregnancy or within 1 year postpartum. We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable-adjusted Cox and generalized linear models to assess the relationship between APO and future stroke. RESULTS: We included 144 306 women with a total of 316 789 births in the analysis sample, of whom 17.9% had at least 1 pregnancy with an APO and 2.9% experienced an APO in ≥2 pregnancies. Women with APO had more comorbidities including obesity, hypertension, heart disease, and migraine. Median age at first stroke was 58.3 years in those with no APO, 54.8 years in those with 1 APO, and 51.6 years in those with recurrent APO. In models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and stroke risk factors, risk of stroke was greater in women with 1 APO (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2–1.4]) and recurrent APO (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.2–1.7]) compared with those with no APO. Women with recurrent APO had more than twice the stroke risk before age 45 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.5–3.1]) compared with those without APO. CONCLUSIONS: Women who experience APO have earlier onset of cerebrovascular disease, with the earliest onset in those with more than 1 affected pregnancy.
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- 2023
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33. The effective use of anchor observations in variational bias correction in the presence of model bias
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Devon J. Francis, Alison M. Fowler, Amos S. Lawless, John Eyre, and Stefano Migliorini
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Atmospheric Science - Published
- 2023
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34. The role of anchor observations in disentangling observation and model bias corrections in 4DVar
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Devon Francis, Alison Fowler, Amos Lawless, Stefano Migliorini, and John Eyre
- Abstract
Data assimilation theory relies on the assumption that the background, model, and observations are unbiased. However, this is often not the case and, if biases are left uncorrected, this can cause significant systematic errors in the analysis. When bias is only present in the observations, Variational Bias Correction (VarBC) can correct for observation bias, and when bias is only present in the model, Weak-Constraint 4D Variational Assimilation (WC4DVar) can correct for model bias. However, when both observation and model biases are present, it can be very difficult to understand how the different bias correction methods interact, and the role of anchor (unbiased) observations becomes crucial for providing a frame of reference from which the biases may be estimated. This work presents a systematic study of the properties of the network of anchor observations needed to disentangle between model and observation biases when correcting for one or both types of bias in 4DVar.We extend the theory of VarBC and WC4DVar to include both biased and anchor observations, to find that the precision and timing of the anchor observations are important in reducing the contamination of model/observation bias in the correction of observation/model bias. We show that anchor observations have the biggest impact in reducing the contamination of bias when they are later in the assimilation window than the biased observations, as such, operational systems that rely on anchor observations that are earlier in the window will be more susceptible to the contamination of model and/or observation biases. We also compare the role of anchor observations when VarBC/WC4DVar/both are used in the presence of both observation and model biases. We find that the ability of VarBC to effectively correct for observation bias when model bias is present, is very dependent on precise anchor observations, whereas correcting model bias with WC4DVar or correcting for both biases performs reasonably well regardless of the precision of anchor observations (although more precise anchor observations reduces the bias in the state analysis compared with less precise anchor observations for all three cases). This demonstrates that, when it is not possible to use anchor observations, it may be better to correct for both observation and model biases, rather than relying on only one bias correction technique. We demonstrate these results in a series of idealised numerical experiments that use the Lorenz 96 model as a simplified model of the atmosphere.
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- 2023
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35. Assessment of short-range forecast atmosphere-ocean cross-covariances from the Met Office coupled NWP system
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Amos Lawless, Maria Valdivieso, Nancy Nichols, Daniel Lea, and Matthew Martin
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As part of the design of future coupled forecasting systems, operational centres such as the Met Office are starting to include interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean within the data assimilation system. This requires an improved understanding and representation of the correlations between short-range forecast errors in different variables. To understand the potential benefit of further coupling in the data assimilation scheme it is important to understand the significance of any cross-correlations between atmosphere and ocean short-range forecast errors as well as their temporal and spatial variability. In this work we examine atmosphere-ocean cross-covariances from an ensemble of the Met Office coupled NWP system for December 2019, with particular focus on short-range forecast errors that evolve at lead times up to 6 hours.We find that significant correlations exist between atmosphere and ocean forecast errors on these timescales, and that these vary diurnally, from day to day, spatially and synoptically. Negative correlations between errors in sea-surface temperature (SST) and 10m wind correlations strengthen as the solar radiation varies from zero at night (local time) to a maximum insolation around midday (local time). In addition, there are significant variations in correlation intensities and structures in response to synoptic-timescale forcing. Significant positive correlations between SST and 10m wind errors appear in the western North Atlantic in early December and are associated with variations in low surface pressures and their associated high wind speeds, that advect cold, dry continental air eastward over the warmer Atlantic ocean. Negative correlations across the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool are instead associated with light wind conditions on these short timescales.When we consider the spatial extent of cross-correlations, we find that in the Gulf Stream region positive correlations between wind speed and sub-surface ocean temperatures are generally vertically coherent down to a depth of about 100m, consistent with the mixing depth; however, in the tropical Indian and West Pacific oceans, negative correlations break down just below the surface layer. This is likely due to the presence of surface freshwater layers that form from heavy precipitation on the tropical oceans, manifested by the presence of salinity-stratified barrier layers within deeper isothermal layers that can effectively limit turbulent mixing of heat between the ocean surface and the deeper thermocline.
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- 2023
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36. Genome-to-genome analysis reveals associations between human and mycobacterial genetic variation in tuberculosis patients from Tanzania
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Zhi Ming Xu, Michaela Zwyer, Daniela Brites, Hellen Hiza, Mohamed Sasamalo, Miriam Reinhard, Anna Doetsch, Sonia Borrell, Olivier Naret, Sina Rüeger, Dylan Lawless, Faima Isihaka, Hosiana Temba, Thomas Maroa, Rastard Naftari, Christian Beisel, Jerry Hella, Klaus Reither, Damien Portevin, Sebastien Gagneux, and Jacques Fellay
- Abstract
The risk and prognosis of tuberculosis (TB) are affected by both human and bacterial genetic factors. To identify interacting human and bacterial genetic loci, we leveraged paired human andMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb) genomic data from 1000 Tanzanian TB patients. Through a genome-to-genome approach, we identified two pairs of human andM.tbgenetic variants that are significantly associated. One of the human genetic variants maps to the intron ofPRDM15, a gene involved in apoptosis regulation. The other human variant maps to an intergenic region close toTIMM21andFBXO15. In addition, we observed that a group of linkedM.tbepitope variants were significantly associated with HLA-DRB1 variation. This suggests that even though epitope variation is rare inM.tbin general, specific epitopes might still be under immune selective pressure. Overall, our study pinpoints sites of genomic conflicts between humans andM.tb, suggesting bacterial escape from host selection pressure.
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- 2023
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37. Introduction
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Richard Lawless
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- 2023
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38. Economic Development and Spatial Planning in Libya
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Saad Kezeiri and Richard Lawless
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- 2023
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39. Monocyte migration profiles define disease severity in acute COVID-19 and unique features of long COVID
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Scott, Nicholas A, Pearmain, Laurence, Knight, Sean B, Brand, Oliver, Morgan, David J, Jagger, Christopher, Harbach, Sarah, Khan, Saba, Shuwa, Halima A, Franklin, Miriam, Kästele, Verena, Williams, Thomas, Prise, Ian, McClure, Flora A, Hackney, Pamela, Smith, Lara, Menon, Madhvi, Konkel, Joanne E, Lawless, Criag, Wilson, James, Mathioudakis, Aleaxander G, Stanel, Stefan C, Ustianowski, Andrew, Lindergard, Gabriella, Brij, Seema, Diar Bakerly, Nawar, Dark, Paul, Brightling, Christopher, Rivera-Ortega, Pilar, Lord, Graham M, Horsley, Alex, Piper Hanley, Karen, Felton, Timothy, Simpson, Angela, Grainger, John R, Hussell, Tracy, and Mann, Elizabeth R
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Chemokines, CXC/metabolism ,Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism ,Patient Acuity ,COVID-19 ,Convalescence ,Chemokine CXCL16 ,Lung Injury ,Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism ,Ligands ,Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ,Monocytes/metabolism ,Influenza, Human ,Receptors, Virus/metabolism ,Humans ,Receptors, CXCR6 - Abstract
BackgroundCOVID-19 is associated with a dysregulated immune response but it is unclear how immune dysfunction contributes to the chronic morbidity persisting in many COVID-19 patients during convalescence (long COVID).MethodsWe assessed phenotypical and functional changes of monocytes in COVID-19 patients during hospitalisation and up to 9 months of convalescence following COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus or influenza A. Patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease were included as a positive control for severe, ongoing lung injury.ResultsMonocyte alterations in acute COVID-19 patients included aberrant expression of leukocyte migration molecules, continuing into convalescence (n=142) and corresponding with specific symptoms of long COVID. Long COVID patients with unresolved lung injury, indicated by sustained shortness of breath and abnormal chest radiology, were defined by high monocyte expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) (pConclusionsOur data define unique monocyte signatures that define subgroups of long COVID patients, indicating a key role for monocyte migration in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Targeting these pathways may provide novel therapeutic opportunities in COVID-19 patients with persistent morbidity.
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- 2023
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40. T cell differentiation drives the negative selection of pathogenic mtDNA variants
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Imogen G. Franklin, Paul Milne, Jordan Childs, Róisín M. Boggan, Isabel Barrow, Conor Lawless, Gráinne S Gorman, Yi Shiau Ng, Matthew Collin, Oliver M. Russell, and Sarah J. Pickett
- Abstract
Pathogenic mitochondrial (mt)DNA single nucleotide variants are the most common cause of adult mitochondrial disease. Whilst levels of the most common heteroplasmic variant (m.3243A>G) remain stable in post-mitotic tissues, levels in mitotic tissues, such as blood, decrease with age. Given differing division rates, longevity and energetic requirements within haematopoietic lineages, we hypothesised that variant level decline is driven by cell-type specific mitochondrial metabolic requirements. To address this, we coupled cell sorting with mtDNA sequencing to investigate mtDNA variant levels within progenitor, myeloid and lymphoid lineages from 26 individuals harbouring pathogenic mtDNA variants. We report that whilst the level of m.3243A>G declines with age in all analysed cell types, the T-cell lineage shows a significantly greater decline. This was confirmed for a second pathogenic tRNA variant; m.8344A>G, indicating that this phenomenon is not limited to m.3243A>G. High-throughput single cell analysis revealed that decline is driven by increasing proportions of cells that have cleared the variant genome, following a hierarchy that follows the current orthodoxy of T-cell differentiation and maturation. This work identifies the unique ability of T-cell subtypes to selectively purify their mitochondrial genomes, and identifies pathogenic mtDNA variants as a new means to track blood cell differentiation status.
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- 2023
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41. Evolutionary constraint and innovation across hundreds of placental mammals
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Christmas, Matthew J., Kaplow, Irene M., Genereux, Diane P., Dong, Michael X., Hughes, Graham M., Li, Xue, Sullivan, Patrick F., Hindle, Allyson G., Andrews, Gregory, Armstrong, Joel C., Bianchi, Matteo, Breit, Ana M., Diekhans, Mark, Fanter, Cornelia, Foley, Nicole M., Goodman, Daniel B., Goodman, Linda, Keough, Kathleen C., Kirilenko, Bogdan, Kowalczyk, Amanda, Lawless, Colleen, Lind, Abigail L., Meadows, Jennifer R. S., Moreira, Lucas R., Redlich, Ruby W., Ryan, Louise, Swofford, Ross, Valenzuela, Alejandro, Wagner, Franziska, Wallerman, Ola, Brown, Ashley R., Damas, Joana, Fan, Kaili, Gatesy, John, Grimshaw, Jenna, Johnson, Jeremy, Kozyrev, Sergey V., Lawler, Alyssa J., Marinescu, Voichita D., Morrill, Kathleen M., Osmanski, Austin, Paulat, Nicole S., Phan, BaDoi N., Reilly, Steven K., Schäffer, Daniel E., Steiner, Cynthia, Supple, Megan A., Wilder, Aryn P., Wirthlin, Morgan E., Xue, James R., Birren, Bruce W., Gazal, Steven, Hubley, Robert M., Koepfli, Klaus-Peter, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Meyer, Wynn K., Nweeia, Martin, Sabeti, Pardis C., Shapiro, Beth, Smit, Arian F. A., Springer, Mark S., Teeling, Emma C., Weng, Zhiping, Hiller, Michael, Levesque, Danielle L., Lewin, Harris A., Murphy, William J., Navarro, Arcadi, Paten, Benedict, Pollard, Katherine S., Ray, David A., Ruf, Irina, Ryder, Oliver A., Pfenning, Andreas R., Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, and Karlsson, Elinor K.
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Article - Abstract
Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect fitness and alter disease risk. At least 332 million bases (~10.7%) in the human genome are unusually conserved across species (evolutionarily constrained) relative to neutrally evolving repeats, and 4552 ultraconserved elements are nearly perfectly conserved. Of 101 million significantly constrained single bases, 80% are outside protein-coding exons and half have no functional annotations in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) resource. Changes in genes and regulatory elements are associated with exceptional mammalian traits, such as hibernation, that could inform therapeutic development. Earth’s vast and imperiled biodiversity offers distinctive power for identifying genetic variants that affect genome function and organismal phenotypes.
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- 2023
42. The inter- and multi- generational epigenetic alterations induced by maternal cadmium exposure
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Lauren Lawless, Linglin Xie, and Ke Zhang
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Cell Biology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Exposure to cadmium during pregnancy, from environmental or lifestyle factors, has been shown to have detrimental fetal and placental developmental effects, along with negatively impacting maternal health during gestation. Additionally, prenatal cadmium exposure places the offspring at risk for developing diseases in infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. Although given much attention, the underlying mechanisms of cadmium-induced teratogenicity and disease development remain largely unknown. Epigenetic changes in DNA, RNA and protein modifications have been observed during cadmium exposure, which implies a scientific premise as a conceivable mode of cadmium toxicity for developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). This review aims to examine the literature and provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic alterations induced by prenatal cadmium exposure, within the developing fetus and placenta, and the continued effects observed in childhood and across generations.
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- 2023
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43. BrainTACO: An Explorable Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Brain Transcriptomic And Connectivity Data Resource
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Florian Ganglberger, Markus Toepfer, Dominic Kargl, Julien Hernandez-Lallement, Nathan Lawless, Francesc Fernandez-Albert, Wulf Haubensak, and Katja Bühler
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Exploring the relationships between genes, brain circuitry, and behaviour is accelerated by the joint analysis of a heterogeneous sets form 3D imaging data, anatomical data, and brain networks at varying scales, res-olutions, and modalities. Hence, generating an integrated view, beyond the individual resources’ original purpose, requires the fusion of these data to a common space, and a visualization that bridges the gap across scales. However, despite ever expanding datasets, few plat-forms for integration and exploration of this heterogeneous data exist. To this end, we present theBrainTACO(Brain Transcriptomic And Connectivity Data) resource, a selection of heterogeneous, and multi-scale neurobiological data spatially mapped onto a common, hierarchical reference space, combined via a holistic data integration scheme. To accessBrainTACO, we extendedBrainTrawler, a web-based visual ana-lytics framework for spatial neurobiological data, with comparative visualizations of multiple resources for gene expression dissection of brain networks with an unprecedented coverage. Using this platform, allows to straightforward explore and extract brain data for identifying potential genetic drivers of connectivity in both mice and humans that may contribute to the discovery of dysconnectivity phenotypes. Hence,BrainTACOreduces the need for time-consuming manual data aggregation often required for computational analyses in script based toolboxes, and supports neuroscientists by focusing on leveraging the data instead of preparing it.
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- 2023
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44. Response of Widespread Generalized Essential Telangiectasia Following Treatment With Oral Dabigatran
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Anna Ascott, Elian Karim, Ruth Lawless, and Arjida Woollons
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Dermatology - Abstract
This case report describes a 52-year-old woman who presented with asymptomatic telangiectasia on her lower limbs.
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- 2023
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45. Review of: 'Occupation from a perspective of complementarity - Part 2 - Proposals for situating a complementarity perspective in occupational science'
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William Lawless
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- 2023
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46. Cell division can accelerate the loss of a heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutation in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease
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Tianhong Su, Tiago M Bernardino Gomes, Anna L M Smith, Julia C Whitehall, Alasdair P Blain, Marie-Lune Simard, Louisa Scholten, James B Stewart, Doug M Turnbull, Conor Lawless, and Laura C Greaves
- Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations accumulate in both mitotic and post-mitotic somatic tissues of normal individuals with age. They clonally expand within individual cells and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, in patients with inherited disease-causing mtDNA mutations the mutation load decreases in mitotic tissues over time, whereas the mutations load in post-mitotic tissues remains relatively stable. The mechanisms underlying this decrease in mitotic tissues, and whether mitochondrial function is restored at the tissue level are unknown. Here, using a combination of homogenate tissue and single crypt/muscle fibre pyrosequencing we have shown a decrease in the mutation load of the germline heteroplasmic m.5024C>T mutation in multiple mitotic tissues of a mouse model of inherited mitochondrial disease (C5024T mice). We have then usedin silicopredictions to model the cellular dynamics of mtDNA mutation load in mitotic and post mitotic tissues. We demonstrate that: (1) the rate of m.5024C>T decrease correlates with the rate of tissue turnover; (2) the mutation load decrease is not associated with changes in overall cellular proliferation and apoptosis within the mitotic colonic epithelium; instead, it could be due to an upper limit of m.5024C>T load in stem cell populations; (3) the m.5024C>T mutation load is maintained in post-mitotic tissues over time with a consistent load amongst individual muscle fibres; (4)in silicomodelling supports a scenario where genetic drift is accelerated in mitotic tissues by high levels of mtDNA replication coupled with mtDNA segregation at cell division. This study has advanced our understanding of the dynamics of mtDNA mutations and phenotype development in patients with mtDNA disease.Author SummaryHealthy individuals randomly accumulate pathogenic mtDNA mutations with age in dividing cells, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, patients with mitochondrial disease show a relative decrease in the loads of inherited mtDNA mutations in some dividing cells over time. The mechanisms underlying this decrease are unknown. Here we show a decrease in the load of the germline heteroplasmic m.5024C>T mutation in dividing cells and tissues of a mouse model of mitochondrial disease. In contrast, the mutation load in non-dividing cells and tissue remains stable. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that a higher frequency of mtDNA replication in dividing cells, coupled with stem cells having an upper tolerance limit for m.5024C>T, causes an overall decrease in m.5024C>T load at the tissue level.
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- 2023
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47. Automatic preprocessing pipeline for white matter functional analyses of large-scale databases
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Yurui Gao, Dylan R. Lawless, Muwei Li, Yu Zhao, Kurt G. Schilling, Lyuan Xu, Andrea T. Shafer, Lori L. Beason-Held, Susan M. Resnick, Baxter P. Rogers, Zhaohua Ding, Adam W. Anderson, Bennett A. Landman, and John C. Gore
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- 2023
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48. Human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells secreting GDNF provide protection in rodent models of ALS and retinal degeneration
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Alexander H. Laperle, V. Alexandra Moser, Pablo Avalos, Bin Lu, Amanda Wu, Aaron Fulton, Stephany Ramirez, Veronica J. Garcia, Shaughn Bell, Ritchie Ho, George Lawless, Kristina Roxas, Saba Shahin, Oksana Shelest, Soshana Svendsen, Shaomei Wang, and Clive N. Svendsen
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Genetics ,Cell Biology ,Biochemistry ,Developmental Biology - Published
- 2023
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49. In Patients Admitted to a Home Rehabilitation Service, Can a Physical Examination of Muscle, Fat, and Fluid Status be Completed Remotely Via Videocall? A Validation Study
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Cassandra Lawless, Jolene Thomas, Owen Kuhr, and Michelle Miller
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,General Medicine ,Food Science - Published
- 2023
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50. Morphologically intact airways in lung fibrosis have an abnormal proteome
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Jeremy A. Herrera, Lewis A. Dingle, M. Angeles Monetero, Rajamiyer V. Venkateswaran, John F. Blaikley, Felice Granato, Stella Pearson, Craig Lawless, and David J. Thornton
- Abstract
Honeycombing is a histological pattern consistent with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP). Honeycombing refers to cystic airways located at sites of dense fibrosis with marked mucus accumulation. Utilizing laser capture microdissection coupled mass spectrometry (LCM-MS), we interrogated the fibrotic honeycomb airway cells and fibrotic uninvolved airway cells (distant from honeycomb airways and morphologically intact) in specimens from 10 patients with UIP. Non-fibrotic airway cell specimens from 6 patients served as controls. Furthermore, we performed LCM-MS on the mucus plugs found in 6 patients with UIP and 6 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma. The mass spectrometry data were subject to both qualitative and quantitative analysis and validated by immunohistochemistry. Surprisingly, fibrotic uninvolved airway cells share a similar protein profile to honeycomb airway cells, showing deregulation of the slit and roundabout receptor (Slit and Robo) pathway as the strongest category. We find that (BPI) fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) is the most significantly increased secretome-associated protein in UIP, whereas Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) is the most significantly increased in mucinous adenocarcinoma. We conclude that fibrotic uninvolved airway cells share pathological features with fibrotic honeycomb airway cells. In addition, fibrotic honeycomb airway cells are enriched in mucin biogenesis proteins with a marked derangement in proteins essential for ciliogenesis. This unbiased spatial proteomic approach generates novel and testable hypotheses to decipher fibrosis progression.
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- 2023
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