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Clustering balls spinning method is a new method for fabricating curved surfaces by clustering rigid balls. It is always one of options to explore forming mechanism by using numerical simulation method that is closer to the real experimental process. In this article, we have adopted a new numerical model with multi-layer rigid balls (MlRB), which is named as MlRB model and more responsive to actual experiments. The model subroutine is developed based on the ABAQUS software. Simulation procedure using MlRB model is introduced, and cross-section, thickness distribution and springback using MlRB model are analyzed and compared to the experimental results and simulated results using previous numerical model with single-layer rigid balls (SlRB), which is named as SlRB model. The results are shown that, curved surface and thickness distribution simulated by MlRB model are closed to experimental results, and springback of curved surface is much less. Furthermore, auxiliary forming region that benefits to make the sheet deformed furtherly is proposed and analyzed. It is indicated that MlRB model is successful to simulate the deformation of the sheet according to the experiment, and it lays the foundation for the optimization of the technology parameters in the future.

Additional file 4: Table 2. The clinical information of patients providing tissue samples.

Photonic hooks (PHs) are non-evanescent light beams with a highly concentrated curved optical fields. Since their discovery, PHs always have one single inflection point and thus have a hook-like structure. In this work, a new type of PHs with two inflection points and S-shaped structures (S-PHs) were reported for the first time. We theoretically studied the effects of various physical parameters on the generation of S-PHs. Furthermore, we showed that decorating particles with multiple patches can significantly enhance the curvature and length of the S-PHs. The S-PHs may have potential applications in super-resolution imaging, sub-wavelength micromachining, particle and cell manipulation, etc., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Additional file 3: Table 1. The clinical information of individuals providing serum samples.

Additional file 2.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study. Table S2. Optimized amount of ASFV K205R protein as the coating antigen anddilution of Nb1-HRP fusions using the direct ELISA.

Bakgrunn: Atrieflimmer er den hyppigst forekommende hjertearytmien og er forbundet med økt risiko for slag, hjertesvikt og redusert livskvalitet. En effektiv behandling av atrieflimmer er kirurgisk ablasjon sammen med annen åpen hjertekirurgi. Dette har blitt utført ved St. Olavs siden 2003. Siden da er det kun gjort en studie på pasienter operert inntil 2010, som viste gode resultater ved gjenopprettelse av sinusrytme. Denne studien ser videre på effekten av operasjonen og i tillegg forekomsten av residiv, elektrokonvertering, kateterablasjon, slag og antikoagulantia i oppfølgingstiden. Metode: Totalt ble 212 pasienter planlagt for kirurgisk ablasjon mellom 2010 og 2020 identifisert og inkludert i studien. Pasientene gjennomgikk koronarkirugi, aortakirurgi eller mitralkirurgi og 172 pasienter fikk i tillegg utført ablasjon i form av epikardiell lungeveneablasjon, bokslesjon eller en full Maze lesjon; mens 40 pasienter fikk kun okklusjon/fjerning av venstre aurikkel. For pasientene som ble kirurgisk abladert og i live ved gjennomføring av studien ble også et nytt EKG innhentet fra pasientenes fastleger eller tatt poliklinisk. All resterende pasientdata ble innhentet retrospektivt ved gjennomgang av elektronisk pasientjournal. Resultat: Etter en median (IQR) oppfølgingstid på 66.7 (57.8) måneder var 130 pasienter i live og med tilgjengelig EKG. Blant disse hadde 98 (75.4%) sinusrytme ved oppfølging og 29 (22.3%) hadde avsluttet antikoagulasjonsbehandling. Av de 172 som ble abladert og oppfulgt fikk 78 (45.3%) residiv av atrietakykardi, 51 (29.7%) pasienter ble elektrokonvertert og 11 (6.4%) ble kateterabladert. Residiv av atrietakykardi viste en meget sterk sammenheng til rytme ved oppfølgingstidspunktet (p < 0.001). I tillegg kan det fra 2018 observeres at en økende andel av pasientene opereres med lungeveneisolasjon. I oppfølgingsperioden ble det oppdaget 17 tromboemboliske slag. Ved sammenlikning med okklusjon av venstre aurikkel ble det ikke funnet en klar sammenheng. Konklusjon: Studien viser at kirurgisk ablasjon av atrieflimmer ved St. Olavs er en god og effektiv operasjon for reetablering av sinusrytme. Resultatene viser en bedring i effekt sammenliknet med en tidligere studie og er sammenliknbare med andre nasjonale og internasjonale studier. Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with an increased risk of stroke, heart failure and reduced quality of life. An effective treatment for atrial fibrillation is surgical ablation concomitant to open-heart surgery. This has been performed at St. Olavs university hospital since 2003. Since then, only one study has been performed on patients operated on until 2010, which showed good results in restoring sinus rhythm. This study looks further at the effect of the operation and in addition the incidence of recurrence, cardioversion, catheter ablation, stroke, and anticoagulation during the follow-up period. Material and method: A total of 212 patients planned for surgical ablation between 2010 and 2020 were identified and included in the study. Patients underwent coronary surgery, aortic surgery or mitral surgery with 172 patients also receiving ablation in the form of epicardial pulmonary vein ablation, box lesion or a full Cox-Maze lesion; while 40 patients received only occlusion/removal of the left atrial appendage. For the patients who were surgically ablated and alive at follow-up, a new ECG was also obtained from the patients' GPs or taken at the outpatient clinic. All remaining patient data were obtained retrospectively through review of the patients’ hospital records. Results: After a median (IQR) follow-up of 66.7 (57.8) months, 130 patients were alive and had an available ECG. Among these, 98 (75.4%) were in sinus rhythm at follow-up and 29 (22.3%) had discontinued anticoagulation therapy. Of the 172 who were ablated and followed up, 78 (45.3%) experienced recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia, 51 (29.7%) patients were cardioverted and 11 (6.4%) received catheter ablation. Recurrence of atrial tachycardia showed a very strong association with heart rhythm at the time of follow-up (p

Fourier ptychographic diffraction tomography (FPDT) is a recently developed label-free computational microscopy technique that retrieves high-resolution and large-field 3D tomograms by synthesizing a set of low-resolution intensity images obtained with a low numerical aperture (NA) objective. However, in order to ensure sufficient overlap of Ewald spheres in 3D Fourier space, conventional FPDT requires thousands of intensity measurements and consumes a significant amount of time for stable convergence of the iterative algorithm. Herein, we present accelerated Fourier ptychographic diffraction tomography (aFPDT), which combines sparse annular LED illuminations and multiplexing illumination to significantly decrease data amount and achieve computational acceleration of 3D RI tomography. Compared with existing FPDT technique, the equivalent high-resolution 3D RI results are obtained using aFPDT with reducing data requirement by more than 40 times. The validity of the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated on control samples and various biological cells, including polystyrene beads, unicellular algae, and clustered HeLa cells in a large field of view. With the capability for high-resolution and high-throughput 3D imaging using small amounts of data, aFPDT has the potential to further advance its widespread applications in biomedicine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Web search heavily relies on click-through behavior as an essential feedback signal for performance improvement and evaluation. Traditionally, click is usually treated as a positive implicit feedback signal of relevance or usefulness, while non-click (especially non-click after examination) is regarded as a signal of irrelevance or uselessness. However, there are many cases where users do not click on any search results but still satisfy their information need with the contents of the results shown on the Search Engine Result Page (SERP). This raises the problem of measuring result usefulness and modeling user satisfaction in "Zero-click" search scenarios. Previous works have solved this issue by (1) detecting user satisfaction for abandoned SERP with context information and (2) considering result-level click necessity with external assessors' annotations. However, few works have investigated the reason behind non-click behavior and estimated the usefulness of non-click results. A challenge for this research question is how to collect valuable feedback for non-click results. With neuroimaging technologies, we design a lab-based user study and reveal differences in brain signals while examining non-click search results with different usefulness levels. The findings in significant brain regions and electroencephalogram~(EEG) spectrum also suggest that the process of usefulness judgment might involve similar cognitive functions of relevance perception and satisfaction decoding. Inspired by these findings, we conduct supervised learning tasks to estimate the usefulness of non-click results with brain signals and conventional information (i.e., content and context factors). Results show that it is feasible to utilize brain signals to improve usefulness estimation performance and enhancing human-computer interactions in "Zero-click" search scenarios.

We demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) optical diffraction tomographic technique with optimal frequency combination (OFC-ODT) for the 3D quantitative phase imaging of unlabeled specimens. Three sets of through-focus intensity images are captured under an annular aperture and two circular apertures with different coherence parameters. The 3D phase optical transfer functions (POTF) corresponding to different illumination apertures are combined to obtain an optimally synthesized frequency response, achieving high-quality, low-noise 3D reconstructions with imaging resolution up to the incoherent diffraction limit. Besides, the 3D imaging performance of annular illumination is explored and the expression of 3D POTF for arbitrary illumination pupils is derived and analyzed. It is shown that the phase-contrast washout effect in high-NA circular apertures can be effectively addressed by introducing a complementary annular aperture, which strongly boosts the phase contrast and improves the practical imaging resolution. To test the feasibility of the proposed OFC-ODT technique, the 3D refractive index reconstruction results based on a simulated 3D resolution target and experimental investigations of micro polystyrene bead and unstained biological samples are presented. Due to its capability of high-resolution 3D phase imaging as well as the compatibility with widely available commercial microscope, the OFC-ODT is expected to find versatile applications in biological and biomedical research.

In this work, we present a highly efficient quantitative phase imaging (QPI) approach using programmable annular LED illumination based on traditional bright-field microscope. As a new type of coded illumination, the LED array provides a flexible and compatible way to realize QPI. The proposed method modulates the transfer function of system by changing the LED illumination pattern, which achieves twice resolution of objective NA and gives noise-robust response of transfer function. The phase of a sample could be recovered from the intensity images with the inversion of transfer function. Moreover, the weak object transfer function (WOTF) of axisymmetric oblique source is derived, and the noise-free and noisy simulation results sufficiently validate the applicability of discrete annular source. The quantitative phase measurements of micro polystyrene bead and visible blazed transmission grating demonstrate the accuracy of proposed method. Finally, the experimental investigations of unstained human cancer cells using different types objective are presented, and these results show the possibility of widespread adoption of QPI in the morphology study of cellular processes and biomedical community., 18 page, 8 figures

High-resolution wide field-of-view (FOV) microscopic imaging plays an essential role in various fields of biomedicine, engineering, and physical sciences. As an alternative to conventional lens-based scanning techniques, lensfree holography provides a new way to effectively bypass the intrinsical trade-off between the spatial resolution and FOV of conventional microscopes. Unfortunately, due to the limited sensor pixel-size, unpredictable disturbance during image acquisition, and sub-optimum solution to the phase retrieval problem, typical lensfree microscopes only produce compromised imaging quality in terms of lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Here, we propose an adaptive pixel-super-resolved lensfree imaging (APLI) method which can solve, or at least partially alleviate these limitations. Our approach addresses the pixel aliasing problem by Z-scanning only, without resorting to subpixel shifting or beam-angle manipulation. Automatic positional error correction algorithm and adaptive relaxation strategy are introduced to enhance the robustness and SNR of reconstruction significantly. Based on APLI, we perform full-FOV reconstruction of a USAF resolution target ($\sim$29.85 $m{m^2}$) and achieve half-pitch lateral resolution of 770 $nm$, surpassing 2.17 times of the theoretical Nyquist-Shannon sampling resolution limit imposed by the sensor pixel-size (1.67 $\mu m$). Full-FOV imaging result of a typical dicot root is also provided to demonstrate its promising potential applications in biologic imaging.

Applications and systems are constantly faced with decisions that require picking from a set of actions based on contextual information. Reinforcement-based learning algorithms such as contextual bandits can be very effective in these settings, but applying them in practice is fraught with technical debt, and no general system exists that supports them completely. We address this and create the first general system for contextual learning, called the Decision Service. Existing systems often suffer from technical debt that arises from issues like incorrect data collection and weak debuggability, issues we systematically address through our ML methodology and system abstractions. The Decision Service enables all aspects of contextual bandit learning using four system abstractions which connect together in a loop: explore (the decision space), log, learn, and deploy. Notably, our new explore and log abstractions ensure the system produces correct, unbiased data, which our learner uses for online learning and to enable real-time safeguards, all in a fully reproducible manner. The Decision Service has a simple user interface and works with a variety of applications: we present two live production deployments for content recommendation that achieved click-through improvements of 25-30%, another with 18% revenue lift in the landing page, and ongoing applications in tech support and machine failure handling. The service makes real-time decisions and learns continuously and scalably, while significantly lowering technical debt.