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Exploring individual hallmarks of brain ageing is important. Here, we propose the age-related glucose metabolism pattern (ARGMP) as a potential index to characterize brain ageing in cognitively normal (CN) elderly people. We collected 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET brain images from two independent cohorts: the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N = 127) and the Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N = 84). During follow-up (mean 80.60months), 23 participants in the ADNI cohort converted to cognitive impairment. ARGMPs were identified using the scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis method, and cross-validations were conducted in both independent cohorts. A survival analysis was further conducted to calculate the predictive effect of conversion risk by using ARGMPs. The results showed that ARGMPs were characterized by hypometabolism with increasing age primarily in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, caudate nucleus, and left supplementary motor area and hypermetabolism in part of the left inferior cerebellum. The expression network scores of ARGMPs were significantly associated with chronological age (R = 0.808, p

Exploring individual hallmarks of brain ageing is important. Here, we propose the age-related glucose metabolism pattern (ARGMP) as a potential index to characterize brain ageing in cognitively normal (CN) elderly people. We collected (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET brain images from two independent cohorts: the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N = 127) and the Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (N = 84). During follow-up (mean 80.60 months), 23 participants in the ADNI cohort converted to cognitive impairment. ARGMPs were identified using the scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis method, and cross-validations were conducted in both independent cohorts. A survival analysis was further conducted to calculate the predictive effect of conversion risk by using ARGMPs. The results showed that ARGMPs were characterized by hypometabolism with increasing age primarily in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, caudate nucleus, and left supplementary motor area and hypermetabolism in part of the left inferior cerebellum. The expression network scores of ARGMPs were significantly associated with chronological age (R = 0.808, p

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221110227 for Influence of Internal and External Pressure Sensing on Green Travel Intention: Based on a Theoretical Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Pressure-state-response Model by Ranran Yang, Lanlan Li, Cuicui Wang, Chunxiao Yue and Jia Wei in Transportation Research Record

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221110227 for Influence of Internal and External Pressure Sensing on Green Travel Intention: Based on a Theoretical Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Pressure-state-response Model by Ranran Yang, Lanlan Li, Cuicui Wang, Chunxiao Yue and Jia Wei in Transportation Research Record

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To determine optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) for the Chinese population. Live singleton deliveries at the largest maternal & childcare hospital in northwest China from 2010 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the lowest aggregated risk of interested perinatal outcomes based on Chinese adult body mass index (BMI) categories. Eight thousand eight hundred seventy enrolled parturients were divided into 4 groups according to their prepregnancy BMI: underweight (21.31%, BMI

A new species of Alternaria causing leaf spots on the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in Yunnan, China, was isolated, examined, and illustrated. Morphologically, it belongs to the section Porri of Alternaria, which produces relatively large conidia and a simple or branched, filamentous long beak. It is, however, characterized by conidiophores gradually enlarging near the apex into a clavate conidiogenous cell and long ellipsoid to obclavate, smooth-walled conidia with a long filamentous beak. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA, GAPDH, and TEF1-alpha sequences demonstrate that the phytopathogen falls in the clade of the section Porri, being most closely related to A. sidae, A. sennae, A. deseriticola, A. cyamopsidis, A. rostellata, A. nitrimali, A. crassa, and A. thunbergiae.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to identify the originality and ideological functional status of the ethnomental component in the works of F. Dostoevsky. Methods: The work integrates a complex of modern approaches and methods, mainly focusing on the ideas and principles of the traditional, cultural and historical method, which demonstrates the general cultural, sociological, and psychological aspects of the study of Dostoevsky’s literary heritage. The typological method has contributed to the literary clarification of the ethnomental components in fiction and journalism of the writer. The narratological approach is used to analyze the narrative structure of Dostoevsky’s works, the correlation of the writer’s and other people’s speech, to identify various points of views on the problem, and to establish the ambiguity of the writer’s position. The contextual analysis allowed analyzing the images of characters, first, within the local context and, second, within the macrocontext, which includes other literary sources, appropriate comparisons and build a verification model of the study. Main results: The analysis of the writer’s life, his philosophy of life, sacrifices, social ambivalence, predisposition to reflection, etc. suggests the presence of certain mental foundations. The main ideas, attitudes, spiritual discoveries of the artistic worlds created by the writer are determined by the ethnomental basis of his worldview. This makes it possible to determine and understand the originality and uniqueness of Dostoevsky in the context of Russian literature. Application of the study: The conclusions of the study can serve as the basis for an accurate idea of the correlation of the writer’s worldview and his work. The materials and conclusions of the study can be used in university courses on the history of Russian literature, in special courses and special seminars on the works of Dostoevsky, for term papers, graduation papers, and dissertations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the ethnic component in the ideological and artistic system of Dostoevsky who was a Pochvennik writer (i. e. belonged to the Pochvennichestvo movement) was first considered in the context and through the prism of both the life experience of the writer himself and the general anthropological orientation of the writer as well as his understanding of human nature. This study provides not only the opportunity to analyze the ethnic identity of Russian literature but also to trace the influence of the ethnic mentality of Dostoevsky on his worldview embodied in his fiction.

Wei Dong,1 Lanlan Li,2 Xuepeng Teng,1 Xinhua Yang,1 Shujing Si,3 Jie Chai1 1Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academic Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, Gaoqing People’s Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jie Chai Email Chaijie2019@163.comPurpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly diagnosed primary brain tumor in adults. Despite a variety of advances in the understanding of GBM cancer biology during recent decades, very few of them were applied into treatment, and the survival rate of GBM patients has not been improved majorly due to the low chemosensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) or low radiosensitivity. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate mechanisms of TMZ- and IR-resistance and develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve GBM treatment.Methods: TMZ- and IR-resistant cell lines were acquired by continuous exposing parental GBM cells to TMZ or IR for 3 months. Cell viability was determined by using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Protein and mRNA expression were examined by Western blotting assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, respectively. Homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) efficiency were measured by HR and NHEJ reporter assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by Caspase3/7 activity. Autophagy was analyzed using CYTO-ID® Autophagy detection kit. Tumor growth was examined by U87 xenograft mice model.Results: DNA repair efficiency of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway is significantly increased in TMZ- and IR-resistant GBM cells. Importantly, APLF, which is one of the DNA end processing factors in NHEJ, is upregulated in TMZ- and IR-resistant GBM cells and patients. APLF deficiency significantly decreases NHEJ efficiency and improves cell sensitivity to TMZ and IR both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence for APLF serving as a promising, novel target in GBM chemo- and radio-therapy.Keywords: APLF, NHEJ, chemoresistance, radioresistance, GBM

Platinum-copper nanoframes were produced from copper nanoparticles by a one-pot synthesis method. The growth mechanism was thoroughly studied by experiment and theoretical calculations. Owing to the unique structure, Pt-Cu nanoframes exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity toward the electro-oxidation of methanol compared to commercial Pt black.

Networked control, especially wireless one, on account of the flexible and effective application it facilitates, has been increasing scholars with diverse background in various fields participate into such a hot issue. Due to the advance of new technologies and applications, relevant classic issues, such as delay, queuing and discussion on stability under a certain of effectiveness, have been brought up on a new height to research with new challenges. This survey paper presents an epitome of NWCS, which is short for Networked Wireless Control System, and related research in the past few years covered with the discussions range from characteristics to materializations.

Drama translation studies used to be the most neglected area in translation studies due to its prescriptive approaches and reductionist illusion of polarization of performability and readability. Corpus stylistics of drama, with the aid of computer technology as well as the understanding of the true nature of drama as the dialectical combination of both literary and theatrical characteristics, appears to be a remarkable theoretical framework and methodology for drama translation studies. The study of (im)politeness in Death of a Salesman and its two Chinese versions is undertaken as a case study. ICTCLAS and Concordance 3.0 were used to calculate the high frequent expressions concerning (im)politeness in both the original text and the Chinese versions, followed by the analysis of their stylistic function. It is found that modal particles and slang expressions in Chinese are useful to reconstruct the characterization, plot as well as performability of the translated drama. In conclusion, corpus stylistics of drama is of high feasibility in drama translation studies.

Our goal was to evaluate how dental treatments under general anesthesia (GA) affect the quality of life by a prospective pair-matched design. Pediatric patients, who had received dental treatments under GA, were enrolled and were asked to complete the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) before the treatment and 1 month after the treatment. To shield the observed impacts, a pair-matched control group was performed. Patients in the control group were also required to complete the ECOHIS at these different points in time. In both groups, the items of troubled sleep and oral/dental pain scored highest, whereas avoiding smiling or laughing and avoiding talking scored lowest before the treatment. The total mean score in the 2 groups was 13.1 and 13.7, respectively, and there was no significant statistical difference (P > 0.05). However, the total mean score was 1.9 in the experimental group after the treatment and smaller compared with the control group (1.9 vs. 4.7, P

20(S)-Sulfonylamidine CPT-derivatives were prepared and tested for cytotoxicity.Several analogs showed superior cytotoxic activity compared to irinotecan.Key structural features related to cytotoxicity were identified by SAR analysis.Compounds 9 and 15c interacted with Topo I-DNA by a different binding mode from CPT.These compounds are new generation CPT-derived antitumor agents.In an ongoing investigation of 20-sulfonylamidine derivatives (9, YQL-9a) of camptothecin (1) as potential anticancer agents directly and selectively inhibiting topoisomerase (Topo) I, the sulfonylamidine pharmacophore was held constant, and a camptothecin derivatives with various substitution patterns were synthesized. The new compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three human tumor cell lines, A-549, KB, and multidrug resistant (MDR) KB subline (KBvin). Several analogs showed comparable or superior antiproliferative activity compared to the clinically prescribed 1 and irinotecan (3). Significantly, the 20-sulfonylamidine derivatives exhibited comparable cytotoxicity against KBvin, while 1 and 3 were less active against this cell line. Among them, compound 15c displayed much better cytotoxic activity than the controls 1, 3, and 9. Novel key structural features related to the antiproliferative activities were identified by structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis. In a molecular docking model, compounds 9 and 15c interacted with Topo I-DNA through a different binding mode from 1 and 3. The sulfonylamidine side chains of 9 and 15c could likely form direct hydrogen bonds with Topo I, while hydrophobic interaction with Topo I and π–π stacking with double strand DNA were also confirmed as binding driving forces. The results from docking models were consistent with the SAR conclusions. The introduction of bulky substituents at the 20-position contributed to the altered binding mode of the compound by allowing them to form new interactions with Topo I residues. The information obtained in this study will be helpful for the design of new derivatives of 1 with most promising anticancer activity.CPT (green), 9 (magenta), and 15c (blue) in the binding site of DNA-Topo-I.

Mental rotation is a spatial representation conversion capability using an imagined object and either object or self-rotation. This capability is impaired in schizophrenia.To provide a more detailed assessment of impaired cognitive functioning in schizophrenia by comparing the electrophysiological profiles of patients with schizophrenia and controls while completing a mental rotation task using both normally-oriented images and mirror images.This electroencephalographic study compared error rates, reaction times and the topographic map of event-related potentials in 32 participants with schizophrenia and 29 healthy controls during mental rotation tasks involving both normal images and mirror images.Among controls the mean error rate and the mean reaction time for normal images and mirror images were not significantly different but in the patient group the mean (sd) error rate was higher for mirror images than for normal images (42% [6%] vs. 32% [9%], t=2.64, p=0.031) and the mean reaction time was longer for mirror images than for normal images (587 [11] ms vs. 571 [18] ms, t=2.83, p=0.028). The amplitude of the P500 component at Pz (parietal area), Cz (central area), P3 (left parietal area) and P4 (right parietal area) were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group for both normal images and mirror images. In both groups the P500 for both the normal and mirror images was significantly higher in the right parietal area (P4) compared with left parietal area (P3).The mental rotation abilities of patients with schizophrenia for both normally-oriented images and mirror images are impaired. Patients with schizophrenia show a diminished left cerebral contribution to the mental rotation task, a more rapid response time, and a differential response to normal images versus mirror images not seen in healthy controls. Specific topographic characteristics of the EEG during mental rotation tasks are potential biomarkers for schizophrenia.心理旋转(mental rotation)是一种想象客体或自我旋转的空间表征转换能力。精神分裂症患者的心理旋转能力受损。记录精神分裂症患者和健康对照者完成正像和镜像心理旋转任务时的脑电生理指标，比较这些指标的差异，深入评估精神分裂症患者的认知损害情况。对来自解放军第三医院精神科32例精神分裂症患者和29例健康对照者在完成正像和镜像的心理旋转任务时的事件相关电位测定，比较两组错误发生比例、反应时以及事件相关电位的脑地形图。对照组正像与镜像的错误率比较无明显差异，正像与镜像的反应时间亦无明显差异。而患者组镜像的平均（标准差）错误率比正像高 [42%（6%）比32%（9%），t=2.64，p=0.031]，患者组镜像的反应时比正像长 [587（11）ms比571（18）ms，t=2.83，p=0.028]。无论是镜像还是正像，患者组Pz（顶区）、Cz（中央区）、P3（左侧顶区）和P4（右侧顶区）的P500波幅均低于对照组。与P3极点相比，两组正像和镜像P4点波幅都偏高。精神分裂症患者正像和镜像心理旋转能力都受损。患者大脑左半球心理旋转能力减弱，反应时缩短，对正像与镜像反应存在差异，这些都与对照组不同。研究提示完成心理旋转任务时特定的脑地形图可作为诊断精神分裂症的一个辅助参考指标。

This study aims to explore the effects of arachidonic acid (ARA) on learning and memory dysfunction in rats exposed to repeated isoflurane anesthesia and the underlying mechanisms. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham control group, isoflurane group, low dose ARA + isoflurane group, moderate dose ARA + isoflurane group, high dose ARA + isoflurane group. The Morris water maze test was performed to assess learning and memory function and the hippocampus tissues were obtained for biochemical analysis. The results showed that administration of ARA improved learning and memory deficit induced by repeated isofluane anesthesia in Morris water maze test and in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, ARA increased the activities of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the levels of acetycholine (Ach) and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), whereas decreased the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AchE), the content of glutamate (Glu) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the radio of Glu/GABA. Meanwhile, ARA elevated the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibited the activity of caspase-3. In conclusion, ARA has potential therapeutic value in alleviating isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment. The mechanism might be involved in regulating the cholinergic and Glu/GABA regulatory system, decreasing oxidative damage and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Compared with conventional filmwise condensation, dropwise condensation has the advantage of high heat transfer coefficient when properly enhanced. To better understand the inherent mechanism of this outstanding performance and optimize the structure of the condensation surface, this paper focuses on the visualization experiments of dropwise condensation on a superhydrophobic surface to study the dynamic behaviors of droplet nucleation and growth. The surface is fabricated by chemically growing an n-octadecanethiol self-assembled monolayer coating with microscopic roughness on a copper surface. Some characteristics of interest such as the droplet nucleation, the droplet diameter, the number and the path of the droplets are obtained using image processing software. The experimental results indicate that the nucleation sites of the droplets are fixed, which in turn verifies the droplet nucleation theory. In addition, the nucleation of the small droplets together with the coalescence of the existing droplets contributes significantly to the variation of the number of the droplets.Copyright © 2013 by ASME

This paper aims to develop a networking inductive loop vehicle detector, which comprises inductive loop vehicle detector and an embedded TCP/IP protocol stack of microcontroller connected to main controller in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The design is further described from two aspects. Firstly, it elaborates on the theory of inductive loop vehicle detector as a data collector. Secondly, it expounds how TCP/IP protocol stack uIP0. 9 is embedded in MCU, how the network chip RTL8019AS is controlled with the MCU and how a single inductive loop vehicle detector is networked with the intelligent signal controller in ITS.

Reprinted with permission from Ning, L., Wu, C.,Li, L., Lin,L., Duan, C., Zhang, Y. and Luis Seijo. "Theoretical study on structural properties and 4f 5d transitions of locally charge-compensated Ce3+ in CaF2". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116.34 (2012): 18419-18426., The structural properties and 4f → 5d transitions of Ce3+ in CaF2, with local charge compensation by an interstitial fluoride (Fi ′) or an oxygen substitution for fluoride (OF′), have been studied using the density functional theory (DFT) within the supercell model and the wave function-based embedded cluster calculations, respectively. The DFT results indicate that the incorporation of locally charge-compensated Ce3+ in CaF2 induces an anisotropic distortion of the structure around the dopant site. On the basis of the DFToptimized structures, the Ce-centered embedded clusters are constructed, on which the wave function-based CASSCF/CASPT2/ RASSI−SO calculations at the spin−orbit level are performed to obtain the Ce3+ 4f1 and 5d1 level energies. The calculated 4f−5d transition energies and relative intensities are in good agreement with available experimental results. From the present calculations, we conclude that the 5d1 level missing in the low-temperature absorption spectrum of the tetragonal Ce center with Fi ′ compensation is the second-lowest one, and the absorption at this level is overshadowed by an adjacent cluster band usually assigned to Ce clusters and thus was not observed in experiments. We also assign the two closely spaced absorption lines around 3118.5 Å observed in experiments to the lowest two quasi-degenerated 4f → 5d transitions of the monoclinic center with Fi ′ compensation rather than those of the trigonal center as proposed earlier. Finally, we analyze the structural and electronic reasons for the large reduction (∼2000 cm−1 ) of the lowest 4f → 5d transition energy from a Fi ′ to a nearest-neighbor OF′ compensation, in terms of the changes in the centroid energy difference and crystal- field splitting, This work was supported by the NSFC (Grants 11174005, 11074315, 90922022, and 10804001) and the Program for Innovative Research Teams in Anhui Normal University of China. L.S. acknowledges support from MEC-Spain (Grant MAT2011-24586)

Accurate building cooling load forecasting is the precondition for the optimal control and energy saving operation of HVAC systems. Hourly cooling load forecasting is a difficult work as the load at a given point is dependent not only on the load at the previous hour but also on the load at the same hour on the previous day. So the accuracy of forecasting is influenced by many unpredicted factors. Support vector machine (SVM) is a novel type of learning machine, which has been successfully employed to solve nonlinear regression and time series problems. The key problem of SVM is the selection of SVM free parameters. In this paper, it is proposed a new optimal model, which is based on Stimulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SAPSO) that combines the advantages of PSO algorithm and SA algorithm. The strong searching ability of SA was employed to PSO algorithm to avoid the premature convergence with better stability and astringency. The SA based PSO algorithm was used to optimize the free parameters of SVM model. The study used the proposed model to forecast load of cooling load system. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the accuracy of SA-PSO based SVM model outperforms that of the traditional SVM load forecasting model.

Traditional time series forecasting models are difficult to capture the nonlinear patterns. Support vector regression (SVR) is a powerful tool for modeling the inputs and output(s) of complex and nonlinear systems. However, parameters determination for a SVR model is competent to the forecasting accuracy. Several evolutionary algorithms, such as genetic algorithms and simulated annealing algorithms have been used to the parameters selection, however, these algorithms often suffer the problem of being trapped in local optimum. In this paper, a novel building cooling load forecasting approach combining support vector regression (SVR) and Ant colony algorithm (ACO) is proposed. ant colony (ACO) optimization was developed to optimize three parameters of SVR, including penalty parameter C, insensitive loss function e and kernel function σ. SVR constructs hyperplane in high dimension space and fits the data in non-linear form. Normalized Mean square error (NMSE) of fitting result is used as target of ant colony optimization. ACO finds the best parameters which correspond to the NMSE. The results showed that the proposed approach, by comparing with back-propagation neural network model, was an efficient way to model building cooling load with good predictive accuracy. ACO and SVR provide a useful tool for maximizing the combustion efficiency of cooling load. Also, the method can be easily extended to other applications.

Accurate building cooling load forecasting is the precondition for the optimal control and energy saving operation of HVAC systems. Many forecasting approaches such as artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and grey model, have been proposed in the field of building cooling load prediction. However, none of them has enough accuracy to satisfy the practical demand. Therefore, a novel hybrid predictor integrating seasonal ARIMA and Support Vector Regression (SVR) is presented to forecast building cooling load. SARIMA is suitable for linear prediction and SVR is suitable for nonlinear prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid building cooling load forecasting model can be an effective way to improve forecasting accuracy achieved by either of the models used separately.