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Nesterov's accelerated forward-backward algorithm (AFBA) is an efficient algorithm for solving a class of two-term convex optimization models consisting of a differentiable function with a Lipschitz continuous gradient plus a nondifferentiable function with a closed form of its proximity operator. It has been shown that the iterative sequence generated by AFBA with a modified Nesterov's momentum scheme converges to a minimizer of the objective function with an $o\left(\frac{1}{k^2}\right)$ convergence rate in terms of the function value (FV-convergence rate) and an $o\left(\frac{1}{k}\right)$ convergence rate in terms of the distance between consecutive iterates (DCI-convergence rate). In this paper, we propose a more general momentum scheme with an introduced power parameter $\omega\in(0,1]$ and show that AFBA with the proposed momentum scheme converges to a minimizer of the objective function with an $o\left(\frac{1}{k^{2\omega}}\right)$ FV-convergence rate and an $o\left(\frac{1}{k^{\omega}}\right)$ DCI-convergence rate. The generality of the proposed momentum scheme provides us a variety of parameter selections for different scenarios, which makes the resulting algorithm more flexible to achieve better performance. We then employ AFBA with the proposed momentum scheme to solve the smoothed hinge loss $\ell_1$-support vector machine model. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed generalized momentum scheme outperforms two existing momentum schemes., Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures

An acoustic absorption structure of a double-layer porous metal material with air layers is proposed. The Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model combined with the transfer matrix method (TMM) was used to establish the theoretical calculation model of the sound absorption coefficient (SAC). Meanwhile, the SAC between 500 and 6300 Hz were measured with an impedance tube. The errors between the theoretical and experimental values were compared to illustrate the good predictability of the theoretical model within the inverse estimations of the transport properties. The effects of the material placement order, material thickness, and cavity depth on the sound absorption performance from 200 to 5000 Hz were analyzed using the theoretical model. Further, a multi-objective function genetic algorithm was used to optimize the porous material's thickness and SAC to obtain an acoustic structure with a smaller thickness and higher sound absorption. A series of optimal solutions were obtained for acoustic structures with a total thickness of less than 70 mm. When the total thickness of the foam metal was 33.57 mm, the average SAC reached 0.853, which was significantly lower than the total thickness of the previous experiments. The multi-objective function genetic algorithm can provide a reliable solution for the optimal design of most sound-absorbing structures.

Purpose This paper aims to explore the characteristics of knowledge diffusion in library and information science (LIS) to reveal the impact of knowledge in LIS on other disciplines and the disciplinary status of LIS. Design/methodology/approach Taking the 573 highly cited papers (HCP) of LIS during the years 2000–2019 in Web of Science and 85,638 papers citing them from non-LIS disciplines as the analysis object, this paper analysed the disciplines to which the citing papers belonged regarding the Biglan model, and the topics and their characteristics of the citing disciplines using latent Dirichlet allocation topic clustering. Findings The results showed that the knowledge in LIS was exported to multiple disciplines and topics. (1) Citations from other disciplines were overall increasing, and the main citing disciplines, mainly from applied science disciplines, were medicine, computer science, management, economics, education, sociology, psychology, journalism and communication, earth science, engineering, biology, political science, chemistry and agronomy. However, those disciplines had fewer citations to LIS during for the years from 2000 to 2004, with rapid growth in the next three time periods. (2) The citing papers had various topics and showed an increasing trend in quantity. Moreover, topics of different disciplines from 2000 to 2019 had various characteristics. Originality/value From the perspective of discipline and topic, this study analyses papers citing the HCP of LIS from non-LIS disciplines, revealing the impact of knowledge in LIS on other disciplines.

Honghong Liu,1 Peng Li,1 Dan Yu,1 Zhongxi Ma,2 Yu An,1 Si Li,1 Lin Cai1 1Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Spine Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lin Cai, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, No. 473, Hanzheng Street, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430033, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 17764059606, Email Yellow0707@163.comObjective: This study explored the nursing effect of anesthesia care integration combined with preventive nursing on older patients with perioperative lumbar disc herniation (LDH).Methods: Clinical data of 100 older patients with LDH who were admitted to our hospital between May 2017 and May 2022 were used, and there were no patients who had not had surgery between January and May 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the different nursing methods, the patients were divided into control and observation groups, with 50 cases each. The control group received anesthesia care integration, whereas the observation group received anesthesia care integration combined with preventive nursing. Lumbar spine function, pain score, anesthesia recovery assessment, and nursing effects were compared between the two groups.Results: The scores of the anesthesia recovery assessment of the two groups were compared, and the vital signs of the observation group during recovery from anesthesia were significantly better than those of the control group (P< 0.05). After nursing care, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group; however, the numerical scale (NRS) score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P< 0.05). After nursing care, the physical comfort, emotional state, psychological support, self-care ability, and pain scores were higher in the observation group than in the control group; however, the NRS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Anesthesia care integration combined with preventive nursing has a positive effect on older patients with perioperative LDH, and it significantly improves lumbar spine function, reduces pain, shortens recovery time, and benefits physical and mental health.Keywords: anesthesia nursing, preventive nursing, lumbar disc herniation, nursing effect, lumbar spine function

In order to study the novel gas detection or sensing applications of gallium nitride monolayer (GaN-ML), we mainly focused on the structural, energetic, electronic and magnetic properties of toxic gas molecules (CO, NO) adsorbed on pristine, single vacancy (N-vacancy, Ga-vacancy) defected, and metals (Al, Fe, Pd and Pt) doped GaN-ML using density functional theory (DFT-D2 method) in this work. The calculations demonstrate that pristine GaN-ML is extremely insensitive to CO and NO together with the existence of a weak physisorption nature due to small adsorption energy, charge transfer, and long adsorption distance. It is found that both N-vacancy defected GaN-ML and Fe-doped GaN-ML can significantly increase the adsorption energy and charge transfer for CO. The CO adsorption induces the metallic characteristics of N-vacancy GaN-ML to be converted to the half-metallic characteristics together with 100% spin polarization, and it also drastically changes the magnetic moment, implying that N-vacancy GaN-ML exhibits excellent sensitivity to CO. However, Fe-doped GaN-ML is not conducive to CO detection. Moreover, N-vacancy defected and Pt-doped GaN-ML greatly improve the adsorption ability for NO compared to other substrates, and the presence of stronger orbital hybridization suggests that the interaction between them is chemisorption. Therefore, N-vacancy defected GaN-ML and Pt-doped GaN-ML can serve as potential materials in future NO sensing devices., 24 pages, 2 tables, 8 figures

Language-based colorization produces plausible and visually pleasing colors under the guidance of user-friendly natural language descriptions. Previous methods implicitly assume that users provide comprehensive color descriptions for most of the objects in the image, which leads to suboptimal performance. In this paper, we propose a unified model to perform language-based colorization with any-level descriptions. We leverage the pretrained cross-modality generative model for its robust language understanding and rich color priors to handle the inherent ambiguity of any-level descriptions. We further design modules to align with input conditions to preserve local spatial structures and prevent the ghosting effect. With the proposed novel sampling strategy, our model achieves instance-aware colorization in diverse and complex scenarios. Extensive experimental results demonstrate our advantages of effectively handling any-level descriptions and outperforming both language-based and automatic colorization methods. The code and pretrained models are available at: https://github.com/changzheng123/L-CAD.

Recently, unconventional topological quasiparticles have been attracting significant research interest in condensed matter physics. Here, based on first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we reveal the coexistence of multiple types of interesting unconventional topological quasiparticles in the phonon spectrum of chiral crystal CsBe$_2$F$_5$. Specifically, we identified eight entangled phonon bands in CsBe$_2$F$_5$, which gave rise to various unconventional topological quasiparticles, including the spin-1 Weyl point, the charge-2 Dirac point, the nodal surface, and the novel hourglass nodal loop. We demonstrate that these unconventional topological quasiparticles are protected by crystal symmetry. We show that there are two large Fermi arcs connecting projections of the bulk spin-1 Weyl point and charge-2 Dirac point on the (001) surface and across the entire surface Brillouin zone (BZ). Our work not only elucidate the intriguing topological properties of chiral crystals but also provides an excellent material platform for exploring the fascinating physics associated with multiple types of unconventional topological quasiparticles., 5 pages, 4 figures

Mytilus coruscus is a dominant shellfish in the Yangtze estuary and its adjacent sea area. Food deprivation often occurs during their growth due to fluctuations in algal abundance caused by seasonal freshwater flushing and high-density aquaculture mode. To investigate the coping strategies of M. coruscus to starvation stress, electron microscopy and differential proteomic analysis were performed on the critical feeding organ gill of the mussels after 9 days of starvation. The electron microscopy results showed that the cilia of the mussel gills were dissolved, and the gaps between gill filaments widened under starvation. Differential proteomic analysis revealed that phagocytosis-related proteins such as ATPeV1E, ATPeV1C, LAMP1_2 and CTSL were significantly upregulated, and the phagocytosis pathway was significantly enriched (p < 0.05). In addition, the corin content in gill and myeloperoxidase level as well as the number of dead cells in blood were both significantly increased (p < 0.05). What’s more, proteomic data suggested that immune maintenance, cellular transport and metabolism related pathways were significantly enriched, which illustrated an immune and metabolism responses under starvation. This study reveals for the first time that phagocytosis functions as an essential strategy for M. coruscus to cope with starvation, which provides new scientific knowledge and a theoretical basis for understanding the adaptation mechanisms of mussel to starvation and for rational optimization of mussel culture patterns.

Due to the rapid advancement of digital technology and its contribution to sustainable development, digital literacy has become an increasingly significant research topic. However, the uneven distribution of new technologies has caused emerging inequalities, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most significant public health crises of the century. This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of scientific production using bibliometric methods to comprehend the current research status of digital literacy studies and evaluate the pandemic’s impact on such research. In total, 7523 documents published between 1990 and 2022 were identified and analyzed using bibliometric research methods in the Web of Science database. These methods included growth trend analysis, network analysis, highly cited literature analysis, factor analysis, and time-series-based analysis of frequently discussed topics. Additionally, a word cloud analysis of the keywords in digital literacy literature from 2020 to 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic, was created. The study’s outcomes explore digital literacy research, including current trends, significant publications, and institutions involved in the field. This study emphasizes the importance of digital literacy in today’s society, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also highlights the potential of bibliometric analysis as a tool for identifying research gaps.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures that affect about 50 million people worldwide. Although the exact mechanisms underlying epilepsy remain elusive, it is known that neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a key role in neuroinflammation and are activated in response to seizures. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by microglia and other immune cells. While IL-1β has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, recent studies have revealed a protective role for microglial IL-1β in epilepsy. This paper aims to review the current knowledge about microglial IL-1β and its potential therapeutic implications for epilepsy.

Ting-Ting Wu,1,&ast; Yi Qun Jiang,2,&ast; Bang-Feng Zhao,1,&ast; Feng-Li Si,1 Peng Wu,1 Huan-Ying Wang,1 Chun-Feng Sheng,1 Xun Xu,1 Fan Li,1 Jing Zhang3 1Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Preparatory Stage), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2General Practice/International Medical Care Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fan Li; Jing Zhang, Email lifanking2015@163.com; jingatlas@outlook.comObjective: To evaluate the real-world situation for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and poorly controlled disease risk factors in the Chinese community.Methods: This retrospective multicentre study analysed data from COPDMICand MICHC in Shanghai Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. The differences in COPD Assessment Test (CAT), the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, and the number of emergency cases, emergency visits, inpatient cases, and hospitalisations from January 2018 to December 2020 were analysed. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on COPD management was also assessed.Results: For 2020 versus 2018, analysis of 468 COPD cases from COPDMIC matched with MICHC data showed significantly more patients with improved mMRC grades, significantly fewer emergency cases and emergency visits, and significantly fewer hospitalisation cases and hospitalisations. Differences in the number of emergency visits and hospitalisations per capita were statistically significant. Compared to GOLD 3– 4, GOLD 1– 2 patients showed significant improvements in CAT score, mMRC grade, the number of emergency visits and hospitalisations per capita. Treatment adherence from 2018 to 2020 was 25%, 29.1%, and 6.8%, and the proportion of medication regimens consistent with guidelines was 43.44%, 50.98%, and 71.87%, respectively. Higher treatment adherence resulted in significantly improved CAT scores and mMRC grades and fewer emergency department visits and hospitalisations per capita.Conclusion: Combined with remote management tools, patients with COPD achieved continuous improvement in symptoms and exacerbations over 3 years. In the context of COVID-19 prevention/control measures, improvements were significant for patients with GOLD 1– 2 COPD but limited with GOLD 3– 4. Pharmacologic treatment significantly improved clinical symptoms and reduced emergency visits and hospitalisations. Severe airflow limitation and poor adherence to pharmacologic treatment were important risk factors for lack of disease remission.Keywords: chronic obstructive, lung disease, COVID-19, family physician, management information center

Users’ avoidance behavior of health information has received growing attention recently, but research into users’ avoidance behavior of diabetes information remains limited. This paper aims to reveal the process and the factors of avoiding online diabetes information. The interview, conducted with the critical incident technique, and the diary methods were used to collect 40 true incidents of online diabetes information avoidance from 17 participants. Based on the thematic analysis method and grounded theory, the data were analyzed to identify the key phases of the avoidance process and obtain the factors influencing the occurrence of avoidance behavior. The results showed that the macro-process of online diabetes information avoidance comprised three phases: pre-encountering, encountering, and avoiding after encountering. First, browsing, searching, or social interaction provide the context for encountering; second, the encountering occurrence consists of three steps—noticing the stimuli, reacting to stimuli, and examining the content; and third, to avoid the online diabetes information encountered, users will adopt avoidance strategies, such as avoiding information sources, controlling attention, delaying access, forgetting information, and denying information, which is manifested as general avoidance and strong avoidance, and has positive, negative, or no effect on users. The 14 influencing factors of avoidance behavior obtained were divided into four clusters. User-related factors include demographic characteristics, health-behavior perception, perceived threat, perceived control, and information sufficiency; information-related factors include information quality, information overload, and information dissemination; environment-related factors include context type, behavior place, time pressure, and social factors, and emotion-related factors include the pre-encountering and post-encountering emotional states. These findings can guide the intervention of information avoidance behavior.

Time-ordered data (TOD) from ground-based CMB experiments are generally filtered before map-making to remove or reduce the contamination from the ground and the atmospheric emissions. However, when the observation region contains strong point sources, the filtering process will result in considerable leakage around the point sources in a measured CMB map, and leave spurious polarization signals. Therefore, such signals need to be assessed and removed before CMB science exploitation. In this work, we present a new method that we call "template fitting" and can effectively remove these leakage signals in pixel domain, not only satisfying the requirement for measuring primordial gravitational waves from CMB-$B$ modes, but also avoiding time-consuming operations on TOD., 13pages, 6 figures, 5 tables

Detection of pulmonary nodules by CT is used for screening lung cancer in early stages.omputer aided diagnosis (CAD) based on deep-learning method can identify the suspected areas of pulmonary nodules in CT images, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of CT diagnosis. The accuracy and robustness of deep learning models. Method:In this paper, we explore (1) the data augmentation method based on the generation model and (2) the model structure improvement method based on the embedding mechanism. Two strategies have been introduced in this study: a new data augmentation method and a embedding mechanism. In the augmentation method, a 3D pixel-level statistics algorithm is proposed to generate pulmonary nodule and by combing the faked pulmonary nodule and healthy lung, we generate new pulmonary nodule samples. The embedding mechanism are designed to better understand the meaning of pixels of the pulmonary nodule samples by introducing hidden variables. Result: The result of the 3DVNET model with the augmentation method for pulmonary nodule detection shows that the proposed data augmentation method outperforms the method based on generative adversarial network (GAN) framework, training accuracy improved by 1.5%, and with embedding mechanism for pulmonary nodules classification shows that the embedding mechanism improves the accuracy and robustness for the classification of pulmonary nodules obviously, the model training accuracy is close to 1 and the model testing F1-score is 0.90.Conclusion:he proposed data augmentation method and embedding mechanism are beneficial to improve the accuracy and robustness of the model, and can be further applied in other common diagnostic imaging tasks.

Qudits with a large Hilbert space to host quantum information are widely utilized in various applications, such as quantum simulation and quantum computation, but the manipulation and scalability of qudits still face challenges. Here, we propose a scheme to directly and locally transfer quantum information from multiple atomic qubits to a single qudit and vice versa in an optical cavity. With the qubit-qudit interaction, our scheme can transfer quantum states efficiently and measurement-independently. In addition, this scheme can be extended to the non-local case, where a high-dimensional maximal entangled state with asymmetric particle numbers can be robustly generated for realizing long-distance quantum communication. Such an information interface for qubits and qudit may have enlightening significance for future research on quantum systems in hybrid dimensions., 12 pages, 5 figures

PurposeThis paper aims to understand the current development situation of scientific data management policy in China, analyze the content structure of the policy and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and optimization of the policy system.Design/methodology/approachChina's scientific data management policies were obtained through various channels such as searching government websites and policy and legal database, and 209 policies were finally identified as the sample for analysis after being screened and integrated. A three-dimensional framework was constructed based on the perspective of policy tools, combining stakeholder and lifecycle theories. And the content of policy texts was coded and quantitatively analyzed according to this framework.FindingsChina's scientific data management policies can be divided into four stages according to the time sequence: infancy, preliminary exploration, comprehensive promotion and key implementation. The policies use a combination of three types of policy tools: supply-side, environmental-side and demand-side, involving multiple stakeholders and covering all stages of the lifecycle. But policy tools and their application to stakeholders and lifecycle stages are imbalanced. The development of future scientific data management policy should strengthen the balance of policy tools, promote the participation of multiple subjects and focus on the supervision of the whole lifecycle.Originality/valueThis paper constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework and uses content analysis to quantitatively analyze scientific data management policy texts, extending the research perspective and research content in the field of scientific data management. The study identifies policy focuses and proposes several strategies that will help optimize the scientific data management policy.

Recent experiments have demonstrated interesting physics in a family of two-dimensional (2D) composition-tunable materials Nb$_{2n+1}$Si$_n$Te$_{4n+2}$. Here, we show that owing to its intrinsic low symmetry, metallic nature, tunable composition, and ambient stability, these materials offer a good platform for studying Berry curvature dipole (BCD) and nonlinear Hall effect. Using first-principles calculations, we find that BCD exhibits pronounced peaks in monolayer Nb$_{3}$SiTe$_{6}$ ($n=1$ case). Its magnitude decreases monotonically with $n$ and completely vanishes in the $n\rightarrow\infty$ limit. This variation manifests a special hidden dimensional crossover of the low-energy electronic states in this system. The resulting nonlinear Hall response from BCD in these materials is discussed. Our work reveals pronounced geometric quantities and nonlinear transport physics in Nb$_{2n+1}$Si$_n$Te$_{4n+2}$ family materials, which should be readily detected in experiment., 8 pages, 7 figures and 1 table

The lensing effect of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a powerful tool for our study of the distribution of matter in the universe. Currently, the quadratic estimator (EQ) method, which is widely used to reconstruct lensing potential, has been known to be sub-optimal for the low-noise levels polarization data from next-generation CMB experiments. To improve the performance of the reconstruction, other methods, such as the maximum likelihood estimator and machine learning algorithms are developed. In this work, we present a deep convolutional neural network model named the Residual Dense Local Feature U-net (RDLFUnet) for reconstructing the CMB lensing convergence field. By simulating lensed CMB data with different noise levels to train and test network models, we find that for noise levels less than $5\mu$K-arcmin, RDLFUnet can recover the input gravitational potential with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the previous deep learning and the traditional QE methods at almost the entire observation scales., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ

As a top-down holographic approach, the D4/D8 model is expected to be the holographic version of QCD since it almost includes all the elementary features of QCD based on string theory. In this manuscript, we review the fundamental properties of the D4/D8 model with respect to the D4-brane background, embedding of flavor branes and holographic quark, gluon, meson, baryon and glueball with various symmetries, then we also take a look at some interesting applications and developments based on this model., Comment: 72 pages, 8 Figures, invited paper by Symmetry, add keywords and upgrade the references to this version

Band structure for a crystal generally consists of connected components in energy-momentum space, known as band complexes. Here, we explore a fundamental aspect regarding the maximal number of bands that can be accommodated in a single band complex. We show that in principle a band complex can have no finite upper bound for certain space groups. It means infinitely many bands can entangle together, forming a connected pattern stable against symmetry-preserving perturbations. This is demonstrated by our developed inductive construction procedure, through which a given band complex can always be grown into a larger one by gluing a basic building block to it. As a by-product, we demonstrate the existence of arbitrarily large accordion type band structures containing $N_C=4n$ bands, with $n\in\mathbb{N}$., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Summary table of included studies. Supplementary Table 2. Drug dose and costs. Supplementary Table 3. Background mortality rate. Supplementary Table 4. The results of scenario analyses. Supplementary Table 5. The Rate of Adverse Events for Four Treatment Strategies. Supplementary Table 6. The results of survival analyses for all fitting curves. Supplementary Table 7. The parameter values of survival analyses for all fitting curves. Supplementary Fig. 1. The Cost-Effective Frontier of 4 Different Competing Strategies. Supplementary Fig. 2. Tornado Diagrams Showing the Effect of Lower and Upper Values of Each Parameter on the ICERs of the Pembrolizumab-plus-Axitinib Versus Sunitinib Strategy. Supplementary Fig. 3. Tornado Diagrams Showing the Effect of Lower and Upper Values of Each Parameter on the ICERs of the Atezolizumab-Vemurafenib-Cobimetinib Versus Vemurafenib-plus-Cobimetinib Strategies. Supplementary Fig. 4. Parametric Distributions for First-Line Treatment (Atezolizumab + vemurafenib + cobimetinib strategy). Supplementary Fig. 5. Parametric Distributions for First-Line Treatment (Vemurafenib + cobimetinib strategy). Supplementary Fig. 6. Parametric Distributions for First-Line Treatment (Dabrafenib + trametinib strategy). Supplementary Fig. 7. Parametric Distributions for First-Line Treatment (Encorafenib + binimetinib strategy). Supplementary Fig. 8. Parametric Distributions for Second-Line Treatment. Supplementary Fig. 9. Parametric Distributions for Best Support Care State. The ISPOR CHEERs checklist.

Supplementary materials: Table S1. Primer sequences for qRT- PCR. Table S2. The clinical characteristics of NM-NSCLC group and M-NSCLC group patients. Table S3. The expression levels of seven miRNAs are significantly upregulated in group CT versus M-NSCLC group and NM-NSCLC group versus M-NSCLC group. Table S4. ClueGO enrichment analysis of KEGG result for DEMs between NM-NSCLC group and M-NSCLC group. Table S5. ClueGO enrichment analysis of reactome result for DEMs between NM-NSCLC group and M-NSCLC group. Table S6. The miEAA results of DEMs between NM-NSCLC group and M-NSCLC group. Table S7. The reference of miRNA- 200c- 3p and miRNA- 4429 for predicted target genes’ functions and pathways in NSCLC progression and metastasis.

Strongly correlated states are commonly emerged in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with magic-angle, where the electron-electron (e-e) interaction U becomes prominent relative to the small bandwidth W of the nearly flat band. However, the stringent requirement of this magic angle makes the sample preparation and the further application facing great challenges. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), we demonstrate that the correlation-induced symmetry-broken states can also be achieved in a 3.45{\deg} TBG, via engineering this non-magic-angle TBG into regimes of U/W > 1. We enhance the e-e interaction through controlling the microscopic dielectric environment by using a MoS2 substrate. Simultaneously, the bandwidth of the low-energy van Hove singularity (VHS) peak is reduced by enhancing the interlayer coupling via STM tip modulation. When partially filled, the VHS peak exhibits a giant splitting into two states flanked the Fermi level and shows a symmetry-broken LDOS distribution with a stripy charge order, which confirms the existence of strong correlation effect in our 3.45{\deg} TBG. Our result paves the way for the study and application of the correlation physics in TBGs with a wider range of twist angle.

Additional file 1.

Supplementary Material 1

In this work, glyceryl starch was prepared by changing the reactant ratio (v/w) of etherifying agent/starch using chlorinated glycerol as etherifying agent. The molar substitution of glyceryl starch was determined. The modified colorimetric method for the determination of molar substitution was described. The glyceryl starch was characterized by using FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Experimental analyses were performed to investigate the effect of dihydroxypropylation on a range of starch properties, including degree of crystallinity, granule morphology, paste clarity, and retrogradation stability and compare them with those of the native corn starch.

Primordial B-mode detection is one of the main goals of next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Primordial B-modes are a unique signature of primordial gravitational waves (PGWs). However, the gravitational interaction of CMB photons with large-scale structures will distort the primordial E modes, adding a lensing B-mode component to the primordial B-mode signal. Removing the lensing effect (`delensing') from observed CMB polarization maps will be necessary to improve the constraint of PGWs and obtain a primordial E-mode signal. Here, we introduce a deep convolutional neural network model named multi-input multi-output U-net (MIMO-UNet) to perform CMB delensing. The networks are trained on simulated CMB maps with size $20^{\circ} \times 20^{\circ}$. We first use MIMO-UNet to reconstruct the unlensing CMB polarization ($Q$ and $U$) maps from observed CMB maps. The recovered E-mode power spectrum exhibits excellent agreement with the primordial EE power spectrum. The recovery of the primordial B-mode power spectrum for noise levels of 0, 1, and 2 $μ$K-arcmin is greater than 98\% at the angular scale of $\ell200$. We delens observed B-mode power spectrum by subtracting reconstructed lensing B-mode spectrum. The recovery of tensor B-mode power spectrum for noise levels of 0, 1, 2 $μ$K-arcmin is greater than 98 \% at the angular scales of $\ell, 18 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, accepted by ApJS

BACKGROUND: Haemoglobin drop is common in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and correlates with poor prognosis. However, the association between mild haemoglobin drop and adverse clinical outcome remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to examine the association between in-hospital haemoglobin drop and risk for adverse clinical outcomes in ACS patients, especially those with mild drop. METHODS: Included patients from the BleeMACS (Bleeding complications in a Multicenter registry of patients discharged after an Acute Coronary Syndrome) registry were categorized into three groups by the presence and amount of in-hospital haemoglobin drop (non-drop, mild drop and severe drop). The cut-off point between mild drop and severe drop is ≥ 3 g/dL. Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the association between haemoglobin drop and major adverse cardiac endpoints (MACE). Patients taking potent P2Y(12) inhibitors were selected for the additional analysis. Propensity score matching was used to avoid selective bias in the additional analysis. RESULTS: Of 6911 patients, 4949 patients (71.6%) experienced in-hospital haemoglobin drop. Compare with non-drop group, patients with haemoglobin drop had higher risk of MACE [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03–1.80 for mild drop group; adjusted HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.07–2.68 for severe drop group]. Patients in mild drop group were less likely to receive potent P2Y(12) inhibitors at discharge (mild drop group vs. severe drop group vs. non-drop group: 10.9% vs. 10.7% vs. 23.8%). After propensity score matching adjustment among patients with potent P2Y(12) inhibitors, patients in mild drop group were not associated with an increased risk of MACE than those in non-drop group (adjusted HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.49–4.72). CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital haemoglobin drop was common in ACS patients and associated with a higher risk for adverse events. Reduced prescription for potent P2Y(12) inhibitors may be responsible for poor prognoses among patients with mild haemoglobin drop.

We introduce a notion of quadratic duality for chiral algebras. This can be viewed as a chiral version of the usual quadratic duality for quadratic associative algebras. We study the relationship between this duality notion and the Maurer-Cartan equations for chiral algebras, which turns out to be parallel to the associative algebra case. We also present some explicit examples., 23 pages. Comments are welcome

Essential metals such as copper, iron, and zinc are cofactors in various biological processes including oxygen utilisation, cell growth, and biomolecular synthesis. The homeostasis of these essential metals is carefully controlled through a system of protein transporters involved in the uptake, storage, and secretion. Some metal ions can be transformed by processes including reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, and correspondingly, the breakdown of metal ion homeostasis can lead to formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We have previously demonstrated rapid biochemical responses to stress involving alterations in the redox state to generate free radicals and the resultant oxidative stress. However, the effects of stress on redox-active metals including iron and copper and redox-inert zinc have not been well characterised. Therefore, this study aims to examine the changes in these essential metals following exposure to short-term repeated stress, and to further elucidate the alterations in metal homeostasis through expression analysis of different metal transporters. Outbred male Wistar rats were exposed to unrestrained (control), 1 day, or 3 days of 6 h restraint stress (n = 8 per group). After the respective stress treatment, blood and liver samples were collected for the analysis of biometal concentrations and relative gene expression of metal transporter and binding proteins. Exposure to repeated restraint stress was highly effective in causing hepatic redox imbalance. Stress was also shown to induce hepatic metal redistribution, while modulating the mRNA levels of key metal transporters. Overall, this study is the first to characterise the gene expression profile of metal homeostasis following stress and provide insight into the changes occurring prior to the onset of chronic stress conditions.

Aiming at the problem of silo design, the silo ejector model and ejector function were proposed. The properties of the static pressure matching function were studied. The critical conditions were a...

Great Sites are closely related to the residents’ life, urban and rural development. In the process of rapid urbanization in China, the protection and utilization of Great Sites are facing unprecedented pressure. Effective knowl­edge organization with ontology and linked data of Great Sites is a prerequisite for their protection and utilization. In this paper, an interview is conducted to understand the users’ awareness towards Great Sites to build the user-centered ontology. As for designing the Great Site ontology, firstly, the scope of Great Sites is determined. Secondly, CIDOC- CRM and OWL-Time Ontology are reused combining the results of literature research and user interviews. Thirdly, the top-level structure and the specific instances are determined to extract knowl­edge concepts of Great Sites. Fourthly, they are transformed into classes, data properties and object properties of the Great Site ontology. Later, based on the linked data technology, taking the Great Sites in Xi’an Area as an example, this paper uses D2RQ to publish the linked data set of the knowl­edge of the Great Sites and realize its opening and sharing. Semantic services such as semantic annotation, semantic retrieval and reasoning are provided based on the ontology.

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy has brought substantial benefit for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, resistance may occur, of which oligoprogression is most common. There are no standard strategies to overcome acquired resistance, thus exploring potential effective approaches is critical. Our study evaluated the clinical outcome of combing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in oligoprogressive NSCLC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced NSCLC who received SBRT for oligoprogressive lesions after acquired resistance to CPIs in our hospital between January 2015 and January 2021. Acquired resistance was defined as initial complete/partial response (CR/PR) followed by progression/death. Oligo patterns of acquired resistance were defined as progression in ≤2 sites of disease. We evaluated the local control rate (LR), progression-free survival (PFS-PO), overall survival (OS-PO), and safety of combing SBRT after oligoprogression. RESULTS: Among 177 patients reviewed, 24 patients were included. Fifteen (62.5%) were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, and 20 (83.3%) were with stage IV. Before oligoprogression, immunotherapy was used as first-line treatment in 16 (66.7%) patients, and 4 (16.7%) received monotherapy. After combing SBRT with CPIs, the median PFS-PO and OS-PO were 11 months (95% CI: 8–NA) and 34 months (95% CI: 19-NA). The median LC of 34 oligoprogressed lesions was 43 months (95% CI: 7.7–78.3). The 1- and 2-year LC rates were 100% and 81.8%, respectively. Patients with adenocarcinoma, lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) (≥1), and positive PD-L1 tended to achieve favorable survival benefits. CONCLUSIONS: We observed considerable benefit of local control and survival by combing SBRT in patients with oligoprogression after required resistance to CPIs in NSCLC. The adverse events are well managed. Our results suggest that combing SBRT with CPIs could be a potential strategy to overcome acquired resistance.

Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) often cause latent infection for a lifetime, leading to repeated recurrence. HSVs have been engineered as oncolytic HSVs. The mechanism of the latent infection and recurrence remains largely unknown, which brings great challenges and limitations to eliminate HSVs in clinic and engineer safe oHSVs. Here, we systematically reviewed the latest development of the multi-step complex process of HSV latency and reactivation. Significantly, we first summarized the three HSV latent infection pathways, analyzed the structure and expression of the LAT1 and LAT2 of HSV-1 and HSV-2, proposed the regulation of LAT expression by four pathways, and dissected the function of LAT mediated by five LAT products of miRNAs, sRNAs, lncRNAs, sncRNAs and ORFs. We further analyzed that application of HSV LAT deletion mutants in HSV vaccines and oHSVs. Our review showed that deleting LAT significantly reduced the latency and reactivation of HSV, providing new ideas for the future development of safe and effective HSV therapeutics, vaccines and oHSVs. In addition, we proposed that RNA silencing or RNA interference may play an important role in HSV latency and reactivation, which is worth validating in future.

Fat fixation is a key step in filling tear trough depression with inferior eyelid orbital septum fat. The ideal position for inferior eyelid fat fixation is to cross the tear trough ligament causing tear trough depression and the orbicularis retaining ligament, with the distal end fixed at the farthest end of the dissected lacuna deep down the inferior orbicularis oculi muscle. Traditional suturing is difficult in the deep narrow lacunae, but a buried guide needle can be used to suture and fix the fat in the deepest lacuna. In this study, 264 patients who underwent tear trough filling using a buried guide needle to fix the released inferior eyelid orbital septum fat from 2017 to 2020 were followed up. The preoperative and postoperative imaging findings were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the operation and postoperative complications. The inferior eyelid bulging, loose skin, and tear trough depression significantly improved than that before the operation. None of the patients had any severe complications, such as inferior eyelid ectropion, lagophthalmos, scar hyperplasia, and diplopia, in the long term (6 months) postoperatively. Five patients showed mild eyelid-eyeball separation and recovered in 1 month. Four patients had diplopia, and 3 patients had chemosis; all recovered in 7 days. The tear trough depression was not corrected completely in 2 patients. The operation showed satisfactory results in the improvement of tear trough depression in addition to alleviation of inferior eyelid bulging and loose inferior eyelid skin that is caused by the traditional inferior eyelid pouch removal.

With the fast development of transportation technology,the railway has become one of the main choices for people when they travel for business,vacation or visiting.As a result,the behavior of co-travel has become more and more common.Based on this co-travel relationship,people can construct a co-travel network,where each node represents a passenger and an edge indicates co-travel frequency between two passengers this edge connects,and the link prediction on the network such that persona-lized service and product can be provided even better.In light of this,this paper proposes a novel approach to predicting potential co-travel relationship.Specifically,we first propose two types of co-travel graph pattern association rules which are extended from their traditional counterparts,and can be used to predict new co-travel relationship and co-travel frequency,respectively.We then decompose this mining problem into three sub-problems,i.e.,frequent co-travel pattern mining,rules generation and association analysis,and develop parallel and centralized algorithms for these sub-problems.Extensive experimental studies on large real-life datasets show that our approach can predict potential co-travel relationship efficiently and accurately,with accuracies higher than 50% for two types of rules,and substantially superior to the traditional method (e.g.,Jaccard with accuracy 24%).

Background: Adult neurogenesis plays an important role in repairing damaged neurons and improving cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). B. Papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. fruits (BL), a traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying the kidney, has been reported to improve cognitive function in AD mice, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly illuminated. This study aimed to provide an overview of the differential compounds in the brain of APP/PS1 mice after BL water extract (BLWE) treatment through metabolomics technology and to elucidate whether the therapeutic effect and mechanism are through the enhancement of neurogenesis.Methods: APP/PS1 transgenic mice were treated with different doses of BLWE. After 6 weeks of intragastric injection, the therapeutic effects of BLWE on APP/PS1 transgenic mice were determined by the Morris water maze test, immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin & eosin and Nissl staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Subsequently, metabolomics technology was used to analyze the regulatory effect of BLWE on differential compounds in the brain of APP/PS1 mice, and on this basis, its molecular mechanism of BLWE was screened. Finally, the protein expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was detected by Western blotting.Results: After BLWE treatment, the learning and memory function of APP/PS1 mice were significantly improved, which was related to the increase in the number of Nestin+/BrdU+ and NeuN+/BrdU+ cells, and the decrease in the number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus. BLWE treatment could also up-regulate the expression of synapse-associated proteins. Moreover, BLWE could modulate endogenous metabolic compounds in the brains of AD mice, including N-acetyl-aspartate, glutamine, etc. Furthermore, BLWE inhibited the phosphorylation of Tyr216-GSK-3β and β-catenin protein while increased CyclinD1 protein expression.Conclusion: We demonstrated that BLWE can enhance neural stem cells proliferation and improve neurogenesis, thereby efficiently repairing damaged neurons in the hippocampus and ameliorating cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The mechanism is at least partly through activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Field A begun water injection in 2016 via four water injector smart wells, which were equipped with Permanent Downhole Gauges and Inflow Control Valves. The water injection module was housed on a rented MOPU due to space limitation. Amidst the study to revamp the reservoir management plan, the team found multiple discrepancies in the reservoir zonal allocation dating back to start of injection. Inherently, this affects the Voidage Replacement Ratio tracking. Hence, the question remains: How efficient is the water injection in Field A? As Field A injects from a rented facility, the long term RMP strongly influences annual OPEX. This paper explains the journey of reallocating Field A water injection volumes from 2016 until today, and how it affects the outcome of the RMP study. PETRONAS has an offshore monitoring system which visualizes historical pressure and temperature trends at any tagged equipment. Field A water injectors consists of multi-zones completed with ICVs and PDGs. ICVs allow choking and zone changes to happen without intervention, and PDGs show downhole pressure and temperature changes over time. Coupled with the manual database which tracks ICV changes and water injection rates, the team re-modelled the injected volume allocation changes to each zone by anchoring the model on PDG trends, ICV size and choke coefficient, and water injection rates via an advance nodal analysis software. For reservoir characteristics calibration, properties from past FBUS interpreted results were used as a basis. From the modelling journey, at the same injection scheme, results showed that zonal allocation with small PDG pressure changes of less than 5% during stable injection conditions does not significantly affect allocation ratio in the well. Overall, the allocation would change between 0 - 3% in total. As one of the objectives of the exercise was also to gauge expected injected volume allocation to a specific zone when there were obvious pressure changes but no records of changing ICV sizes, this could be achieved via a calibrated model. Once a good anchor was made on reservoir pressure, formation gas-oil ratio, permeability and skin, devoid periods in the past could be modelled for expected ICV sizes by varying the choke size openings till the pressure differential between tubing and annulus pressure was achieved. Hence, modelling the expected zonal allocation during that period. This improved VRR tracking for the injection reservoirs and aided to in the efforts to revamp the reservoir management plan. This paper will explain the lessons learnt of having proper surveillance data as the impact on long term reservoir management plan is significant. In future, fields with smart wells but disorganized data can utilize this alternate method to reallocate production/injection volumes without the need for intervention.

ObjectiveIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a serious neurological complication in premature infants. This study aimed to investigate the white matter impairments and neurodevelopmental outcomes of severe IVH in extremely preterm infants with gestation age less than 28 weeks.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the extremely preterm infants between 2017 and 2020. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III at 2 years of corrected age. Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) was employed to evaluate the microstructural changes in white matter tracts. Mean kurtosis (MK) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of DKI were measured in the brain regions including posterior limbs of the internal capsule (PLIC) and the corpus callosum at term equivalent age.ResultsOf 32 extremely preterm infants with severe IVH during the follow-up period, 18 cases were identified as neurodevelopmental impairments. The delay rates of motor and language were 58.4% and 52.7%. The cases with neurodevelopmental impairments had lower MK and FA values in both bilateral PLIC and the corpus callosum. The analysis of multivariable regression models predicting motor and language outcomes at 2 years of corrected age, showed that the decreases of MK values in both PLIC and the corpus callosum at the term equivalent age contributed to a significantly increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments (all p ConclusionMotor and language abilities at age 2 years were associated with MK values of DKI at the term equivalent age in both PLIC and the corpus callosum of extremely preterm infants with severe IVH. The evaluation of white matter microstructural changes with MK values might provide feasible indicators of neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage.

By aid of aluminium trichloride (AlCl3), an effective fabrication of the preform of carbon/carbon silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) composites via catalytic carbonization was developed, using coal tar as precursor at a low temperature. C/C-SiC composites were obtained by two different approaches, one combining catalytic carbonization and in-situ reacted (CC-ISR) method, the other combining catalytic carbonization and reactive melt infiltration (CC-RMI) method. Furthermore,the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulted C/C-SiC composites were characterized. SiC nanowires distributed in the voids of interbundle and intrabundle of carbon fibers in as-prepared samples with CC-ISR process. The CC-ISR sample exhibits a pseudo-plastic fracture mode and its flexural strength is about (158±12) MPa. By contrast, the SiC morphology of composites fabricated in CC-RMI process contains cube and hexagonal grains. The fracture behavior of CC-RMI sample shows a brittle fracture mode and its flexural strength was about (150±10) MPa. Compared with the CC-RMI method,the C/C-SiC composites obtained by the CC-ISR method has many advantages such as simple technology,low cost and excellent mechanical properties.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating subtype of stroke, but effective prevention and treatment strategies are lacking. Recently, gut microbiome and its metabolitesis are considered to be an influencing factor of stroke. However, little is known about the effects of the gut microbiome on ICH and host metabolic activity. Therefore, we used 16S sequencing, macrogenomics sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to explore the differences in gut microbial-metabolome interactions between patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and healthy control populations. We found a significant decrease in the phylum of Firmicutes and a significant increase of Bacteroidetes in ICH patients. At the genus level, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus were more abundant in ICH patients. Macrogenomic analysis revealed active glycosaminoglycan degradation, heme synthesis, galactose degradation, lipopolysaccharide core region synthesis, and beta-Lactam resistance in ICH patients. Serum untargeted metabolomic analysis combined with ROC curves showed that octanoylcarnitine, decanoylcarnitine, dodecanoylcarnitine, glyceric acid, pyruvic acid, aspartic acid, methylcysteine, pyroglutamic acid, 9E-tetradecenoic acid, N-Acetylneuraminic acid, and aconitic acid were the best markers for the diagnosis of ICH. Correlation analysis showed that microbiome enriched in the gut of ICH patients were significantly correlated with serum metabolites, revealing a close correlation between the gut microbiome of ICH patients and the host metabolome, and significant differences from the healthy population. microbiota-host co-metabolites including pyruvic acid and 9E-tetradecenoic acid is associated with the the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. In conclusion, microbiome-related metabolites in ICH patients was associated with the severity of ICH, the microbiota-host co-metabolites may be a potential may be potential therapeutic targets.

Lactarius baiyunensis sp. nov. X.X. Huang & L.H. Qiu, (Figs 2, 3) Mycobank: MB 842079 Diagnosis:— Lactarius baiyunensis differs from the other orange-white species within Lactarius subg. Lactarius by a lamellae edge without cheilocystidia and an ixotrichoderm for a pileipellis. Holotype:— CHINA. Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Baiyun Mountain, 21 August 2021, L. H. Qiu, B21082143 (GDGM 87010). Etymology:—the epithet ‘‘ baiyunensis’’ refers to the type location, Baiyun Mountain. Description:— Fruitbodies medium-sized, 20–50 × 15–35 mm. Pileus 20–50 mm in diam, center depressed, shallowly infundibuliform when mature, margin slightly in-rolled in youth, expanding with maturity; surface smooth, greasy and sometimes viscid; brownish orange (#c79e85) and light brown (#c08b61) at the center, becoming milky white (#d6cfc9) towards the edge, azonate or inconspicuously zonate. Context 3–4 mm thick at center, 1–2 mm at margin, milky white, pale yellowish brown (#f7dea6) near the pileus. Lamellae 2–4 mm broad at center, close to crowded 2–3 tiers of lamellulae, adnate to decurrent, milky white (#d6cfc9) when young, brownish orange (#c79e85) or light brown (#c08b61) when mature, unchanging when damaged. Stipe 1.5–3.5 × 0.8–1.2 cm, central, cylindrical, sometimes tapering upwards, solid in youth becoming hollow with age, surface dry, white, often with irregular brownish spots. Odor mostly non distinct, sometimes fruity. Taste and spore print unrecorded. Latex scarce, white, unchanging when exposed. Basidiospores [80/4/4] (3.3–) 3.6–4.3–4.9 (–5.1) × (3.2–) 3.3–4.0–4.5 (–4.6) μm, [Q = 1.00–1.08–1.20 (–1.26), Qm = 1.08 ± 0.06], globose to subglobose, ornamentation amyloid, 0.5–1.1 (–1.3) μm high, parallel and branched ridges and isolated warts, forming an incomplete or sometimes almost complete reticulum, some ridges connected by lower lines, plage distally to totally amyloid. Basidia [50/2/2] (18–) 20–23–27 (–28) × (5–) 6–8–9 μm, 2– or 4– spored, clavate, with refractive contents, sterigmata 1–5 μm long. Pleurocystidia (16–) 23–32–37 (–39) × (4–) 6–8–9 (–10) μm, subfusiform to subclavate, often with acute or obtuse apex, with a strongly refractive content at the middle or upper part. Lamella edge sterile. Cheilocystidia absent. Pileipellis an ixotrichoderm, 115–150 μm thick, hyphae 1.5– 2.2 µm broad, cylindrical to narrowly clavate with obtuse or slightly acute apices, sometimes with brown, granular intracellular pigments. Stipitipellis 160–185 μm thick, hyphae 1–3 µm broad, densely interwoven, brownish in 5 % KOH. Clamps absent in all parts of basidiomata. Habitat:—Solitary in monsoon evergreen forest soil. Other specimens examined: CHINA. Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Baiyun Mountain: 26 September 2020, L. H. Qiu, B20092602 (GDGM 87009); 25 August 2016, L. H. Qiu, H16082533 (GDGM 87011); 25 August 2016, L. H. Qiu, H16082525 (GDGM 87012)., Published as part of Huang, Xiao-Xia, Lin, Zhi-Jun, Li, Si-Duo & Qiu, Li-Hong, 2022, A New Species of Lactarius subg. Lactarius (Russulaceae) from Baiyun Mountain, China, pp. 245-256 in Phytotaxa 554 (3) on pages 250-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6831492

A key to the species that resemble L. baiyunensis macromorphologically. 1. Pileus distinctly zonate.......................................................................................................................................................................2 1. Pileus azonate to faintly zonate..........................................................................................................................................................3 2. Lamellae white, turning pale reddish brown when bruised............................................................................................. L. inquinatus 2. Lamellae pinkish white to pale ocher, unchanging when bruised....................................................................... L. orientitorminosus 3. Lamellae whitish to pale cream, turning pale ocher when bruised....................................................................................................4 3. Lamellae white to yellowish white, unchanging when bruised..........................................................................................................5 4. Pileipellis ixocutis, partially a trichoderm........................................................................................................... L. albidoarmeniacus 4. Pileipellis ixotrichoderm................................................................................................................................................... L. betulinus 5. Cheilomacrocystidia present................................................................................................................................................. L. thindii 5. Cheilomacrocystidia absent........................................................................................................................................... L.baiyunensis, Published as part of Huang, Xiao-Xia, Lin, Zhi-Jun, Li, Si-Duo & Qiu, Li-Hong, 2022, A New Species of Lactarius subg. Lactarius (Russulaceae) from Baiyun Mountain, China, pp. 245-256 in Phytotaxa 554 (3) on page 253, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6831492