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Objective: To provide clinical reference for the prevention and treatment of HIV positive bladder cancer by comparing and analyzing the basic information, laboratory examination, treatment and follow-up of HIV positive and non-HIV infected bladder cancer patients. Methods: This study collected 57 bladder cancer patients with complete data who were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital and Beijing You 'an Hospital from 2013 to 2021, including 14 cases in the HIV positive group and 43 cases in the HIV negative group. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the HIV infection route of HIV positive patients and whether antiviral treatment was regular. The viral load and the number of CD4+T lymphocytes before surgery were compared. The preoperative laboratory examination, pathological grade, treatment methods, 3-month recurrence and long-term follow-up of bladder cancer patients in the two groups were compared. Results: In this study, the average age of onset in the HIV positive group was (48.93±13.83) years old, while the average age of onset in the non-HIV group was (62.05±13.38) years old, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05), but there were statistically significant differences in red blood cell values between the two groups (P0.05). The median long-term follow-up was 40 months (8-78 months). The survival rate of the two groups was HIV VS non-HIV (71.42% VS 93.02%) (P>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of HIV-positive bladder cancer patients are similar to that of the general population, and HIV positive bladder cancer patients also follow the guidelines for the general population in terms of treatment measures. The early age of HIV positive bladder cancer patients remains to be further studied.

Purpose: This study was intended to determine whether differences existed between bladder cancers in HIV-infected patients compared to those in the general population. Patients and methods: In this study, 14 patients with HIV infection were found also to have bladder cancer, treated in Beijing Ditan Hospital and Beijing You 'an Hospital from 2013 to 2021. The retrospective study parameters analyzed included HIV infection route, regular treatment, viral load and number of CD4+T lymphocytes prior to surgery, and preoperative laboratory examination. Details specific to bladder cancer included pathological stage and grade, treatment, recurrence at 3 months and longer-term follow-up. Results: The study comprised 13 males (93%) and 1 female (7%), with a median age of 50.5 years, of whom only 9 patients received regular antiretroviral therapy after HIV infection. The median value of CD4+T lymphocytes detected before surgery was 368 cells/μL (range: 147cells/μL-759cells /μL). Other preoperative laboratory results were as follows (median counts): WBC, 6.165×109 /L; erythrocytes, 4.16×1012 /L; hemoglobin, 214.5 g/L; platelets, 143×109 /L; creatinine, 70.85μmol/L; and serum albumin, 41.5 g/L. All patients were treated surgically, 11 of whom had non-muscle invading bladder cancer that underwent localized tumor resection (plus epirubicin bladder infusion) , and the remaining 3 patients had tumor invasion of the muscle that required radical resection (plus postoperative chemotherapy). The cancers were all urothelial, 5 high-grade and 9 low-grade histologically. At three months postoperatively, 3 cases had recurred and were re-excised, 7 had no evidence of recurrence, and 4 had not undergone reevaluation. On subsequent longer-term follow-up (median, 40 months), 2 patients had died[1] of unrelated causes, 10 were alive[2] including 1 with liver metastasis, and 2 were lost to follow-up.Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of HIV-positive patients with bladder cancer were similar to those of the general population with the exception of a significant earlier onset of disease. The type and stages of the bladder cancer, treatment, and outcomes of these patients were also similar to the general population. However, the cause of earlier onset of bladder cancer in HIV positive patients remains to be further elucidated.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation but still lacking effective treatments. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., an important traditional medicinal plant with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is widely used for the treatment of respiratory disease in China. However, its protective activity and mechanism against COPD airway inflammation have not been fully studied. Here, the anti-inflammatory effects of the PLE were investigated, and its underlying mechanisms were then elucidated. The presented results suggested a notable effect of the PLE on airway inflammation of COPD, by significantly ameliorating inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, lessening leukocytes (lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages) and inflammatory mediators (interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17A, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of cigarette smoke (CS)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD mice in vivo and inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors (nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-α) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro. For further extent, PLE treatment significantly suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of TLR4, Syk, PKC, and NF-κB p65 in vivo and their mRNA in vitro. Subsequently, by co-treating with their inhibitors in vitro, its potential mechanism via TLR4/Syk/PKC/NF-κB p65 signals was disclosed. In summary, the obtained results indicated a noteworthy effective activity of the PLE on COPD inflammation, and partly, the TLR4/Syk/PKC/NF-κB p65 axis might be the potential mechanism.

Hui Yang,1 Wei Sun,2 Pei Ma,1 Chunsuo Yao,1 Yannan Fan,1 Shuyi Li,1 Jiqiao Yuan,1 Ziqian Zhang,1 Xuyu Li,1 Mingbao Lin,1 Qi Hou1 1State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Mingbao Lin; Qi Hou Tel +86-10-63165192; +86-10-63165191Email mingbaolin@imm.cams.cn; houq@imm.ac.cnBackground: Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a classic medicinal plant, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in asthma. Perilla leaves extract (PLE) exerted significant therapeutic effect against allergic asthma inflammation through Syk inhibition. But the active chemical ingredients from PLE are complex and unclear, it is difficult to fully elucidate its pharmacological mechanisms.Methods: A method was established for rapid screening and characterization of active ingredients from PLE that targeted Syk, with which three potential active ingredients were identified. By using OVA-induced allergic asthma mouse model in vivo, OVA-induced human PBMCs inflammation model and DNP-IgE/BSA-induced RBL-2H3 cells model in vitro, the effects and mechanisms of PLE and its active components were evaluated.Results: Using Syk-affinity screening method, roseoside (RosS), vicenin-2 (Vic-2) and rosmarinic acid (RosA) were identified from PLE. In vitro, PLE and its ingredients showed significant inhibitory activities against Syk, with their mixture (Mix, prepared by RosS, Vic-2 and RosA in accordance with their ratio in Syk-conjugated beads bound fraction) showing a stronger inhibitory activity. RosS, Vic-2 and RosA also showed significant effects on allergic asthma, and a synergistic effect of Mix was observed. Moreover, treatment with PLE, RosS, Vic-2, RosA, and Mix significantly inhibited the expression and phosphorylation of Syk, PKC, NF-κB p65, and cPLA2 in allergic mice lung tissue and in RBL-2H3 cells.Conclusion: PLE may alleviate allergic airway inflammation partly through the multiple components synergistic targeting on Syk and its downstream inflammatory pathway.Keywords: allergic airway inflammation, multi-component, PLE, Syk, synergistic effect