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The integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles bring challenges to active distribution networks (ADNs) due to their stochastic and intermittent behaviors. To capture the uncertainties, a stochastic day-ahead optimal scheduling model of an ADN is proposed to minimize power losses and voltage deviations in this paper. First, a deterministic day-ahead optimal scheduling model of an ADN is formulated given a series of operational constraints. Second, the deterministic model is generalized into a stochastic model considering uncertainties in the renewable generation and power loads. Several statistical models are developed to depict charging curves of battery electric vehicles with and without the demand response, so as to model an electric vehicle charging stations. Further, a Gaussian distribution model and K-means are adopted to estimate prediction errors of renewable energy sources and electric vehicle charging stations by constructing classical stochastic scenarios. Finally, discussion and analysis are performed on a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network. The simulation results show that the proposed stochastic model can provide optimal day-ahead scheduling strategies and probability distributions of voltages and power losses to account for the uncertainties.

Almost half of all women undergoing breast cancer surgery develop chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), and about one in four develop moderate-to-severe pain. The intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) injury during breast cancer surgery is associated with development of chronic postsurgical pain, sensory disturbance and functional impairment. However, there is limited evidence whether ICBN preservation reduces CPSP. Therefore, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of ICBN preservation vs. sacrifice in breast cancer surgery patients.

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The pathways and intermediates of continuous sulfur biotransformation in an anaerobic and anoxic sequential batch reactor (AA-SBR) involving sulfate reduction (SR) and denitrifying sulfide oxidization (DSO) were investigated. In the anoxic phase, DSO occurred in two sequential steps, the oxidation of sulfide (S2-) to elemental sulfur (S0) and the oxidation of S0 to sulfate (SO42-). The oxidation rate of S2- to S0 was 3.31 times faster than that of S0 to SO42-, resulting in the accumulation of S0 as a desired intermediate under S2--S/NO3--N ratio (molar ratio) of 0.9:1. Although, approximately 60% of generated S0 suspended in the effluent, about 40% of S0 retained in the sludge, which could be further oxidized or reduced in anoxic or anaerobic phase. In anoxic, S0 was subsequently oxidized to SO42- under S2--S/NO3--N ratio of 0.5:1. In anaerobic, S0 coexist with SO42- (in fresh wastewater) were simultaneously reduced to S2-, and the reduction rate of SO42- to S2- was 3.17 times faster than that of S0 to S2-, resulting in a higher production of S0 in subsequent anoxic phase. Microbial community analysis indicated that SO42-/S0-reducing bacteria (e.g. Desulfomicrobium and Desulfuromonas) and S2-/S0-oxidizing bacteria (e.g. Paracoccus and Thermothrix) co-participated in continuous sulfur biotransformation in the AA-SBR. A conceptual model was established to describe these main processes and key intermediates. The research offers a new insight into the reaction processes optimization for S0 recovery and simultaneous removal of SO42- and NO3- in an AA-SBR.

YaLan Luo,1– 3,* ZhaoXia Li,2,* Peng Ge,1– 3,* HaoYa Guo,1– 3 Lei Li,4 GuiXin Zhang,2 CaiMing Xu,2 HaiLong Chen2 1Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 3Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: CaiMing Xu; HaiLong ChenDepartment of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-411-83635963Fax +86-411-83622844Email xucaiming_science@hotmail.com; chenhailong@dmu.edu.cnAbstract: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the common acute abdominal inflammatory diseases in clinic with acute onset and rapid progress. About 20% of the patients will eventually develop into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) characterized by a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration, gland flocculus flaky necrosis and hemorrhage, finally inducing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Pancreatic enzyme activation, intestinal endotoxemia (IETM), cytokine activation, microcirculation disturbance, autonomic nerve dysfunction and autophagy dysregulation all play an essential role in the occurrence and progression of SAP. Organ dysfunction is the main cause of early death in SAP. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute lung injury (ALI) are common, while cardiac injury (CI) is not, but the case fatality risk is high. Many basic studies have observed obvious ultrastructure change of heart in SAP, including myocardial edema, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial interstitial collagen deposition. Moreover, in clinical practice, patients with SAP often presented various abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac function. Cases complicated with acute myocardial infarction and pericardial tamponade have also been reported and even result in stress cardiomyopathy. Due to the molecular mechanisms underlying SAP-associated cardiac injury (SACI) remain poorly understood, and there is no complete, unified treatment and sovereign remedy at present, this article reviews reports referring to the pathogenesis, potential markers and treatment methods of SACI in recent years, in order to improve the understanding of cardiac injury in severe pancreatitis.Keywords: severe acute pancreatitis, cardiac injury, cardiac dysfunction, inflammatory mediators, biomarkers, treatment

Background: Failure to activate autonomic neural and hormonal reflex mechanisms could result in orthostatic hypotension. Patients with orthostatic hypotension often experience symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion, including syncope. The purpose of this study was to investigate the haemodynamic characteristics of patients with orthostatic hypotension and the factors affecting blood pressure regulation.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 45 patients who were diagnosed with typical orthostatic hypotension by the head-up tilt test at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2019 to December 2020. Changes in haemodynamic parameters in these patients were compared in the supine and tilted upright positions.Results: For all patients, haemodynamic parameters in the supine and tilted upright positions were compared, and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume were all significantly decreased per minute. Heart rate significantly increased per minute, but systemic vascular resistance did not significantly change. The absolute value, percentage and rate of increases in heart rate and the absolute value, percentage and rate of decreases in stroke volume from the supine to the titled upright position were significantly lower in patients 60 years and older than in patients under 60 years old. Linear regression analyses found that the changes in heart rate, stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance were related to changes in systolic blood pressure, while the changes in stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance had more important effects on systolic blood pressure.Conclusions: In patients with orthostatic hypotension, we observed no significant increase in systemic vascular resistance from the supine position to the tilted upright position. Nevertheless, an increase in systemic vascular resistance had a significant impact on the maintenance of systolic blood pressure. In addition, in orthostatic hypotension patients younger than 60 years of age, heart rate increased while stroke volume decreased significantly after tilting upright compared with orthostatic hypotension patients older than 60 years of age and older.

Sudden odor incidents occurring in the source water have been a severe problem for water suppliers. In order to apply emergency control measures effectively, it is necessary to identify the target compounds responsible for odor incidents rapidly. The present work identified the odorants and explored emergency disposal mechanisms for sudden and severe odors in the QT River's drinking water source (HZ city, China). Medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors with strong intensities were detected in the source water. The effect of conventional treatments of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) on odors' removal was limited, which was evident by the presence of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors with moderate intensities in the effluent of DWTP. Total seventeen odorants were identified successfully in the source water of QT River and the effluent of DWTP. The measured OAVs and reconstituting the identified odorants explained 87%, 87%, 89%, and 94% of medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors, respectively, in the source water of the QT River and 90%, 87%, and 88% of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors in the effluent. Styrene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, and 2-methylphenol were associated with the medicinal odor, while propyl sulfide, diethyl disulfide, propyl disulfide, and indole were related to the septic odor. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) were responsible for the musty odor, and cyclohexanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene were involved with the chemical odor. Based on the characteristics of identified odorants, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to control the odors in the QT River. The results indicated that the medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors could be removed entirely after adding 15 mg/L PAC, which effectively controlled emergency odor problems. Overall, the study would offer a scientific basis and operational reference for emergency odor management and control in DWTP with similar complicated odor incidents.

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-based immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of various cancers. However, only a certain group of patients benefit from PD-1 blockade therapy and many patients succumb to hyperprogressive disease. Although, CD8 T cells and conventional T cells are generally considered to be the primary source of PD-1 in cancer, accumulating evidence suggests that other distinct cell types, including B cells, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells, also express PD-1. Hence, the response of patients with cancer to PD-1 blockade therapy is a cumulative effect of anti-PD-1 antibodies acting on a myriad of cell types. Although, the contribution of CD8 T cells to PD-1 blockade therapy has been well-established, recent studies also suggest the involvement of non-canonical PD-1 signaling in blockade therapy. This review discusses the role of non-canonical PD-1 signaling in distinct cell types and explores how the available knowledge can improve PD-1 blockade immunotherapy, particularly in identifying novel biomarkers and combination treatment strategies.

The odor problems in river-type micro-polluted water matrixes are complicated compared to those in lakes and reservoirs. For example, the TY River in Jiangsu Province has been associated with complex odors, whereas the specific odor compounds were not clear. In this paper, a comprehensive study on characterizing the odors and odorants in source water from the TY River was conducted. Six odor types, including earthy, marshy, fishy, woody, medicinal, and chemical odors, were detected for the first time; correspondingly, thirty-three odor-causing compounds were identified. By means of evaluating odor activity values and reconstituting the identified odorants, 95, 93, 92, 90, 89 and 88% of the earthy, marshy, fishy, woody, medicinal and chemical odors in the source waters could be clarified. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were associated with earthy odor, while amyl sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, propyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide and indole were related to marshy odor. The major woody and fishy odor compounds were vanillin, geraniol, β-cyclocitral and 2,4-decadienal, 2-octenal, respectively. Medicinal and chemical odors were mainly caused by 2-chlorophenol, 4-bromophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol and naphthalene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, respectively. This is the first study in which six odor types and thirty-three odorants were identified simultaneously in a river-type micro-polluted water source, which can offer a reference for odor management in drinking water treatment plants.

The odor problems in plain reservoirs are more complex compared to valley reservoirs and ground water reservoirs. Just as YL Reservoir with wetlands ecosystem in Lixiahe Plain, Jiangsu Province has been suffering from complex odors, however, the odorants were unclear. In this study, a systematic study on odorants characterization and evaluation of plain YL reservoir was accomplished. Totally musty, septic, fishy, chemical and grassy odors were first identified simultaneously, twenty-four odorants were identified correspondingly. According to odor activity value ranking, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin, with odor activity values of 14–18 and 2.5–3.8, were major musty odorants, while bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, pentanethiol and indole, with odor activity values of 15.3–18.8, 1–1.3, 1.5–2.3, 2–3 and 0.7-0.9, were major septic compounds. Fishy and grassy odors were associated with 2,4-decadienal, hexanal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde and β-cyclocitral, while chemical odor was related to indane, eucalyptol, 2-nitrophenol, 2-methylphenol, tetramethylpyrazine, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene. By reconstituting tests, 98, 95, 88, 85 and 81 % of musty, septic, fishy, chemical and grassy characteristics in source water could be explained. It was notable that wetlands ecosystem has almost no effect on odor removal. This study would offer more understandings and supports for odors's control in such source waters.

Elevated temperatures enhance alternative RNA splicing in maize (Zea mays) with the potential to expand the repertoire of plant responses to heat stress. Alternative RNA splicing generates multiple RNA isoforms for many maize genes, and here we observed changes in the pattern of RNA isoforms with temperature changes. Increases in maximum daily temperature elevated the frequency of the major modes of alternative splices (AS), in particular retained introns and skipped exons. The genes most frequently targeted by increased AS with temperature encode factors involved in RNA processing and plant development. Genes encoding regulators of alternative RNA splicing were themselves among the principal AS targets in maize. Under controlled environmental conditions, daily changes in temperature comparable to field conditions altered the abundance of different RNA isoforms, including the RNAs encoding the splicing regulator SR45a, a member of the SR45 gene family. We established an "in protoplast" RNA splicing assay to show that during the afternoon on simulated hot summer days, SR45a RNA isoforms were produced with the potential to encode proteins efficient in splicing model substrates. With the RNA splicing assay, we also defined the exonic splicing enhancers that the splicing-efficient SR45a forms utilize to aid in the splicing of model substrates. Hence, with rising temperatures on hot summer days, SR45a RNA isoforms in maize are produced with the capability to encode proteins with greater RNA splicing potential.

A strain, Brevibacillus agri DH-1, isolated from dry lands was used to remove m -dichlorobenzene. After 48 h culturing, the concentrations of m -dichlorobenzene decreased from 26–130 to 7.87–28.87 mg/L and dry cell weight for bacterial growth reached 52.43–75.05 mg/L. The growth and degradation kinetics were analyzed by the fitting of Haldane-Andrews model and pseudo first-order model. A degradation pathway was proposed according to major intermediates (phenol), chloride ion variation, ring-opening enzyme activity, and high mineralization (0.47 g Cl- /g m -dichlorobenzene , 0.65 g co2 /g m -dichlorobenzene , 0.15 g DCW /g m -dichlorobenzene ). In addition, the performance in a biotrickling filter (BTF) was evaluated through removal efficiency and pressure drop values with increasing inlet loading rate from 4.10 to 122.57 g/m 3 /h at three empty bed residence time points (30 s, 60 s, and 90 s). The results demonstrated that strain DH-1 possessed high removal efficiency and stable operation in a BTF.

In this work, ceramic pellets were used as packing material to establish a biotrickling filter (BTF) with acclimated sludge being inoculated on the surface of the packing to purify waste gas containing styrene. A method of toluene-styrene secondary acclimation was applied to achieve rapid formation of biological films. Results showed that the total time of start-up was 48 days and the removal efficiency (RE) of styrene reached up to 95%. The suitable empty bed residence time (EBRT) was obtained that is 57 s for higher RE of styrene with the inlet loading rates of 6.7–271.6 g/m3/h. The pH and moisture content showed small effect on styrene removal indicating that the operation of BTF was stable. Biomass accumulation was normal and its rising velocity under the condition of short EBRT was faster than that of long EBRT.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organics is a challenging task under high-strength sulfate (SO42−) conditions. The generation of toxic sulfides by SO42−-reducing bacteria (SRB) causes low methane (CH4) production. This study investigated the feasibility of alleviating sulfide inhibition and enhancing CH4 production by using an anaerobic reactor with built-in microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), namely ME-AD reactor. Compared to AD reactor, unionized H2S in the ME-AD reactor was sufficiently converted into ionized HS− due to the weak alkaline condition created via cathodic H2 production, which relieved the toxicity of unionized H2S to methanogenesis. Correspondingly, the CH4 production in the ME-AD system was 1.56 times higher than that in the AD reactor with alkaline-pH control and 3.03 times higher than that in the AD reactors (no external voltage and no electrodes) without alkaline-pH control. MEC increased the amount of substrates available for CH4-producing bacteria (MPB) to generate more CH4. Microbial community analysis indicated that hydrogentrophic MPB (e.g. Methanosphaera) and acetotrophic MPB (e.g. Methanosaeta) participated in the two major pathways of CH4 formation were successfully enriched in the cathode biofilm and suspended sludge of the ME-AD system. Economic revenue from increased CH4 production totally covered the cost of input electricity. Integration of MEC with AD could be an attractive technology to alleviate sulfide inhibition and enhance CH4 production from AD of organics under SO42−-rich condition. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion (AD), Methanogenesis, Sulfate reduction, Microbial electrolysis, Microbial community analysis

In this study, the effect of rhamnolipid and Mg (II) on microbial growth and 1,3-dichlorobenzene removal was investigated in two identical lab-scale biotrickling filters (named BTF1 and BTF2). The contact angle and Henry’s constant were detected at various concentrations of rhamnolipid and the results indicated that rhamnolipid is able to effectively improve the solubility of 1,3-dichlorobenzene in medium. The results of the experiments in BTFs showed that the optimal concentrations of rhamnolipid and Mg (II) were 170 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively. The removal efficiency (RE) of 1,3-dichlorobenzene decreased from 100% to 57.13% for BTF1 that was not fed with rhamnolipid and Mg (II) and from 100% to 86.26% for BTF2 that was fed with rhamnolipid and Mg (II) when the inlet loading rate increased from 2.87 to 83.83 g/(m3 h) at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 60 s. The dissolved oxygen (DO) was analyzed throughout the entire period and the results showed that the two additives can significantly promote oxygen transfer. In addition, the microbial adhesive strength and community were observed and compared to show the positive role of rhamnolipid and Mg (II).

NAC proteins constitute one of the largest families of plant-specific transcription factors, and a number of these proteins participate in the regulation of plant development and responses to abiotic stress.

The increasing penetration of large-scale wind generator in power system brings the system total moment of inertia decrease and makes the region power system under threat. How to make the turbine with the ability of the controllable inertia response gradually aroused people's attention. This paper firstly proposed two different inertia control strategies on the basis of the main control strategy, using frequency rate or frequency deviation as input. The results of the two are compared and analysis on SIMULINK, and found out using frequency deviation as input is more conform to the requirements of the grid. At last, the inertia control strategy using the frequency deviation as input was carried out on the 2MW prototype, proved the doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) do have effective inertia response.

Removal of gaseous chlorobenzene (CB) by a biotrickling filter (BTF) filled with modified ceramics and multi-surface hollow balls during gas–liquid mass transfer at the steady state was by microbial degradation rather than dissolution in the spray liquid or emission into the atmosphere. The BTF was flexible and resistant to the acid environment of the spray liquid, with the caveat that the spray liquid should be replaced once every 6–7 days. The BTF, loaded with Lysinibacillus fusiformis, performed well for purification of high-loading CB gas. The maximum CB gas inlet loading rate, 103 g m−3 h−1, CB elimination capacity, 97 g m−3 h−1, and CB removal efficiency, 97.7 %, were reached at a spray liquid flow rate of 27.6 ml min−1, an initial CB concentration of up to 1,300 mg m−3, and an empty bed retention time of more than 45 s. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10529-014-1559-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The existing prediction methods for SO2 concentration mainly have the disadvantages such as no unified sources and influences, sensitive to small sample, easy to fall into local optimum etc. In order to solve these problems, a method for SO2 concentration prediction is proposed, based on fuzzy time series and support vector machine (SVM). The method takes the seasonal variation of SO2 concentration as the basis, takes the four seasons as the time series, and takes the 24 hours as the graining window width, then extract the characteristic values of the original sample data through the Gaussian kernel function for SVM training, and optimize model parameters by k-fold cross validation method combined with the grid division. Finally, a SO2 concentrations prediction model is established by using one-hour average SO 2 concentrations as sample data, and the calculation process is realized by using LIBSVM tool. The results show that the prediction method of SO2 concentration based on fuzzy time series and SVM is not restricted by the machine rational theory, can solve small-sample learning problems, and has good nonlinear fitting effect.

Protozoa are ideal biological indicators of pollution and toxicity.The microbial communities monitor method,or Polyurethane Foam Unit(PFU),is widely used to assess the extent of water pollution due to its rapidity and accuracy.The Yancheng coastal chemical industrial zone,located in northern Jiangsu Province,is the largest special park approved for construction by the environmental administration of Jiangsu Province.This sector primarily oversees the development of pharmaceutical and chemical products.Wastewater discharged as part of such chemical manufacturing processes is an important source of water pollution and can potentially devastate water environments.Using the protozoan communities in the clear water near the industrial zone as source species,the static toxicity of the chemical wastewater was evaluated by PFU.Results showed that protozoan communities are very sensitive to effective concentration(EC) variations in the chemical wastewater.Under prolonged exposure to toxin at lower EC,rapid increases in protozoan species diversity and colonized species indices,as well as colonization rate,were observed.At higher EC,the protozoan species diversity index increased slowly(or even decreased) while the colonized species index and colonization rate were reduced,indicating that high chemical wastewater EC exerts strong biological stress on water-inhabiting protozoa.Microbial communities exposed to low toxic stress from chemical wastewater eventually adapt and reach maturity.To characterize the protozoan colonization process,the number of protozoan species required to achieve balance Seq,the colonization rate G and the time required to achieve 90% Seq were studied in-depth.Among these three functional parameters(Seq,G and T90%),Seq was found to negatively correlate with the chemical wastewater EC,while G first negatively and later positively correlated with the chemical wastewater EC.The regression equation is Seq=-0.141 EC+19.05(R2=0.941,P0.01).The EC5,EC20 and EC50,determined from the above regression equation,were 7.1%,27.3%,and 67.7%,respectively.Therefore,the relative safe concentration and maximum acceptable toxicant concentration(MATC) of the wastewater for the protozoan communities are 7.1% and 27.3%,respectively.To safely discharge this wastewater,more than 72.7% of the toxins must be removed by further processing.Our data may aid further research regarding the effects of toxic chemical wastewater effluent on water environmental indicators,and may guide the supervision and control of chemical wastewater pollution within the Yancheng coastal chemical industrial zone.

Investigation of the adsorption behavior of organic pollutants by soils is fundamental to simulating and eventually predicting their transport in environmental compartments. The adsorption behavior of p-chlorophenol by soils from yancheng reed wetland was studied in a series of batch equilibration experiments, and experiments were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation. Results showed that the adsorption process could be described with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. But the empirical Freundlich equation fit the behavior better, and the highest correlation coefficient, r=0.9690, was obtained. Parameters affected the adsorption property of p-chlorophenol, such as solution pH, ionic strength and soil organic matter, were also studied. Adsorption capacity increased with lower pH, higher ionic strength and soil OC.

Using the standardized polyurethane foam unit (PFU) method, a preliminary investigation was carried out on the bioaccumulation and the ecotoxic effects of the pulp and paper wastewater for irrigating reed fields. Static ectoxicity test had shown protozoal communities were very sensitive to variations in toxin time and effective concentration (EC) of the pulp and paper wastewater. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was a more suitable indicator of the extent of water pollution than Gleason and Margalef diversity index (d), Simpson's diversity index (D), and Pielou's index (J). The regression equation between S eq and EC was S eq = - 0.118EC + 18.554. The relatively safe concentration and maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) of the wastewater for the protozoal communities were about 20 % and 42 %, respectively. To safely use this wastewater for irrigation, more than 58 % of the toxins must be removed or diluted by further processing. Monitoring of the wastewater in representative irrigated reed fields showed that the regularity of the protozoal colonization process was similar to the static ectoxicity, indicating that the toxicity of the irrigating pulp and paper wastewater was not lethal to protozoal communities in the reed fields. This study demonstrated the applicability of the PFU method in monitoring the ecotoxic effects of pulp and paper wastewater on the level of microbial communities and may guide the supervision and control of pulp and paper wastewater irrigating within the reed fields ecological system (RFES).

Research work on new types of castable refractory, pre-casted assembly parts and thermal insulation materials, with resistance to high wear, thermal shock and erosion and low thermal conductivity, were done to solve problems of high system energy consumption, cracking and spalling of partial lining and mismatch of furnace top material and hanging material and so on, caused by unreasonable design of domestic Al(OH)3 dilute phase fluidized bed roasting furnace lining. Several difficult problems such as the matching of different materials, preservation of dilatation joint between different zones and reasonable mechanical distribution of lining were solved. A full set of techniques including construction, furnace lining drying, lining maintenance and corresponding standards were developed according to the properties of lining materials and features of the furnace type. Using the ideas of furnace integration and new theory of furnace lining, we have solved the key technologies of high-efficiency and energy-saving for furnaces. The achievements have been applied to domestic Al(OH)3 dilute phase fluidized bed roasting furnaces to reduced energy consumption by one thousand MJ per ton of alumina, thus making a furnace lining with higher production, lower energy consumption and less exhaust gas emission.

First, creep data are presented for concrete under high sustained compressive stress which is, over the long-term strength of the concrete. Creep in both axial and lateral directions is reported. Creep Poisson's ratio has remarkable change before failure, and a sharp increase of creep Poisson's ratio can be observed in the region of failure. Secondly, a damage model is developed for the analysis of creep damage in both axial and lateral directions; effective Poisson's ratio of damaged material as a model parameter plays an important role for evaluating lateral damage, which is similar to the effective Young's modulus in evaluating axial damage.

A bacterium(strain yc02) was isolated from environment, which could degrade polyvinyl alcohol. It was preliminary identified as the genus of Pseudomonas sp. The further degrading characterization research showed that the optimal degradation temperature, culture time, rotary speed and the initial pH of fermentation medium were 25°C, 60 h, 180 rpm and 7.5 respectively, the ratio of degradation reached 95.56% under this conditions.

With the social progress and the continuous development of artificial intelligence, medical diagnosis expert systems have become an indispensable supplementary means of medical. Expert system knowledge acquisition is one of the methods of machine learning, inductive learning to develop a more mature one. This paper selected medical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease cases, the use of induction learning algorithm ID3 improved algorithm CAP2, the rules extracted them to build expert systems knowledge acquisition process, and achieved good results.

According to our department's reformation of Introduction to Computer Science and Technology curriculum building, introduced the teaching experience of Introduction to Computer Science and Technology teaching based on Methodology, come up with the proper content and mode of teaching for undergraduate teaching, discussed several questions in Course Teaching.

The states of gas accumulated at the liquid-solid interface are analyzed based on the continuum theory where the Hamaker constant is used to describe the long-range interaction at the microscopic scale. The Hamaker constant is always negative, whereas the gas spreading coefficient can be either sign. Despite the complexity of gas, including that the density profile may not be uniform due to absorption on both solid and liquid surfaces, we predict three possible gas states at the liquid-solid interface, i.e. complete wetting, partial wetting and pseudopartial wetting. These possible gas states correspond respectively to a gas pancake (or film) surrounded by a wet solid, a gas bubble with a finite contact angle, and a gas bubble(s) coexisting with a gas pancake. Typical thickness of the gas pancakes is at the nanoscale within the force range of the long-range interaction, whereas the radius of the gas bubbles can be large. The state of gas bubble(s) coexisting with a gas film is predicted theoretically for the first time. Our theoretical results can contribute to the development of a unified picture of gas nucleation at the liquid-solid interface.

Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) is the important serological marker of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Conventionally, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) obtained from the plasma of HBV carriers is used as the diagnostic antigen for detection of HBsAb. This blood-origin antigen has some disadvantages involved in high cost, over-elaborate preparation, risk of infection, et al. In an attempt to explore the suitable recombinant HBsAg for the diagnostic purpose, the HBV S gene was expressed in Pichia pastoris and the product was applied for detection of HBsAb. Hepatitis B virus S gene was inserted into the yeast vector and the expressed product was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrolamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblot, electronic microscope and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The preparations of synthesized S protein were applied to detect HBsAb by sandwich ELISA. The S gene encoding the 226 amino acid of HBsAg carrying a hexa-histidine tag at C terminus was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. The His-Tagged S protein in this strain was expressed at a level of about 14.5 % of total cell protein. Immunoblot showed the recombinant HBsAg recognized by monoclonal HBsAb and there was no cross reaction between all proteins from the host and normal sera. HBsAb detection indicated that the sensitivity reached 10 mIu (micro international unit)/ml and the specificity was 100 % with HBsAb standard of National Center for Clinical Laboratories. A total of 293 random sera were assayed using recombinant S protein and a commercial HBsAb ELISA kit (produced by blood-origin HBsAg), 35 HBsAb positive sera and 258 HBsAb negative sera were examined. The same results were obtained with two different reagents and there was no significant difference in the value of S/CO between the two reagents. The recombinant HBV S protein with good immunoreactivity and specificity was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. The reagent for HBsAb detection prepared by Pichia pastoris-derived S protein showed high sensitivity and specificity for detection of HBsAb standard. And a good correlation was obtained between the reagent produced by recombinant S protein and commercial kit produced by blood-origin HBsAg in random samples.

The thermal conductivity methane sensor can detect methane concentration that measures the thermal conductivity coefficient of the measured methane different from the background gas. This sensor has advantages of detection of a variety of gases, large measuring range, stability, long working life, but also has defects, such as poor detection accuracy, sensitivity affected by ambient temperature and sensor temperature, the defect limits a wide applications of the sensor. This paper analyzes the theory of thermal conductivity methane sensor and method of measurement, proposes thermal conductivity methane sensor constant temperature detection method, and experimentally validates the feasibility of ambient temperature compensation. Experimental results show that the method effectively reduces the effect of ambient temperature on measuring accuracy.

This study investigates the knowledge on rate sensitive behavior in cracking process or damage behavior for brittle materials by testing concrete constituent, mortar at different rates of straining. The material response is compared based on tests of different strain rates. Cracking process of specimens are observed and recorded synchronously with loading and deformation response for the mortar at different rates of straining. For the mortar in a range of strain rates from 0.2–20,000,000 microstrains/sec, the compressive strength increases and its nonlinearity decreases with increasing strain rate. As the strain rate increases, the failure shows comparatively more violence and faster crack propagation, with an increasing number of cracks and fragments. The strain rate sensitive damage behavior indicates the reason why compressive strength, nonlinearity, viscoplasticiry and other mechanical properties of mortar and concrete are sensitive to the rate of straining.

This study aims to improve the knowledge on the strain rate sensitive behavior in compressive strength, cracking process, and failure mode for brittle materials by testing concrete constituent, mortar, at different rates of straining. Cracks on the surface of specimens are observed with two long distance microscopes and recorded synchronously with loading and deformation response for the mortar at different rates of straining. For the mortar in a range of strain rates from 0.2 to 20,000 microstrains/sec, the compressive strength increases with an increasing strain rate. As the strain rate increases, the failure shows comparatively more violence and faster time of crack propagation, with an increasing number of cracks and fragments. At a lower strain rate, cracking on the surface of specimens starts earlier and at a lower stress state than that at a higher strain rate. The strain rate effect on the failure mode and cracking process indicates the reason why compressive strength and other mechanical properties of mortar and concrete are sensitive to the strain rate.