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We analyzed the characteristics of main karstic/non-karst reaches of the Lijiang River to uncover the causes behind different flood behaviors by providing a better understanding of the flood formation. Having 63 years of rainfall-runoff data and applying the HEC-HMS model, geo/hydrological features were investigated. The available reservoir capacity of karts (ARCK) was included through soil moisture accounting loss data to assess its impact. In particular, the expected instantaneous peak discharge rates/times were found largely imbalanced with generated unit hydrographs. Moreover, significant gaps among the floods’ features for different subbasins in terms of required peak modifications (2–4 times larger for mid-upstream, respectively) were mainly associated with the unique karst structure and initial condition due to various ARCK in rainy/dry seasons. Besides, notable dissimilarities between the wedge/prism storage volumes and the hydrograph’s wave traveling/receding time were observed owing to the geomorphological conditions. Although the contribution rates of drivers in karst flood formation cannot be quantitively modeled, based on our results the ARCK emerged to play a substantial role on the forecasted results, comparatively. Our results suggest that since ARCK varies, taking it into account (as initial abstraction) results in a more reliable estimation. This was underpinned by the results in which the unmodified simulations had a qualified rate of 52% accuracy on average and increased to 67.5% after the ARCK inclusion. This work adds to the body of evidence illustrating that in karst hydrology, ignoring the situational circumstances in modeling might lead to inaccuracies in flood forecasting for such dynamic watersheds.

Selenium, a non-metallic element, is a micronutrient essential for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins containing selenocysteine. In adults, the thyroid contains the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Most known selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase, are expressed in the thyroid and are involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, redox state regulation, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Some clinical studies have shown that lack of selenium will increase the prevalence of several kinds of thyroid diseases. Selenium treatment in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy has been shown to delay disease progression and improve the quality of life. Selenium supplementation in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was associated with the decreased levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and improved thyroid ultrasound structure. In thyroid cancer, various selenium supplements have shown variable anticancer activity. However, published results remain the conflicting and more clinical evidence is still needed to determine the clinical significance of selenium. This article reviews the strong association between selenium and thyroid disease and provides new ideas for the clinical management of selenium in thyroid disease.

A two-dimensional waveguide is the building block in integrated photonic circuits. In this work, the 5.0 MeV oxygen ion implantation at a dose of [Formula: see text] ions/cm2 was carried out on the fused silica glass for the formation of the planar waveguide. Then, a femtosecond laser was employed to ablate the ion-implanted surface at a speed of 200 [Formula: see text]m/s for the construction of the ridge waveguide. The energy depositions of the oxygen ion implantation into the fused silica glass were simulated by the SRIM 2013. The microscopic morphology of the ridge waveguide was photographed by a Nikon microscope. The near-field intensity distributions of the ridge waveguide at 532 nm and 976 nm were measured by using the end-face coupling system. The ion-implanted and femtosecond-ablated ridge waveguide on the fused silica glass has the potential as a photonic device for integrated optical systems at the visible and near-infrared bands.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The putative targets of CS.

Additional file 3: Table S3. Information for overlapped targets after PPI analysis.

Additional file 2: Table S2. DKD related targets.

In this work, MgO-coated carbon nanotubes (MgO@CNTs) were synthesized via the co-deposition technique. The samples of MgO@CNTs were treated by using the high power ultrasonic vibration with a long time to verify their structural stability. Microstructure of the CNTs and MgO@CNTs was characterized by using the FI-IT spectra analysis, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The experiment result reveals that the high power ultrasonic vibration and the long-time ultrasonic-treatment can easily cut off the CNTs, while the MgO nanoparticles are still tightly adsorbed on the surface of CNTs without removing away from the surface of CNTs by the ultrasonic vibration. It means that MgO@CNTs is a novel reinforcement for the Mg-based composite because the MgO nanoparticles and CNTs have formed a good interface bonding with high stability. Simultaneously, the stable interfacial bonding between MgO and CNTs is explained by the first- principle calculation.

This study investigates patterns of misuse and overuse of the te form in parallel clauses. The data were extracted from the YUK Tagged Corpus by Chinese learners of Japanese. The following results were obtained: (1) Overuse is likely to occur, as overuse appears about 12 times as much as non-use. However, as a stylistic tendency, there is a common feature concentrated on the da /dearu style. (2) Misuse patterns of overuse include 3 types and 5 categories. For example: parallel (“antecedent and consequent” and “separate presentation”), succession (“no continuity before or after”), and contrast (“lack of unity by theme” and “formal similarity”), but more than 60% are in parallel. (3) As for misuse patterns of non-use, there are patterns related to the predicate of the antecedent, such as“ function word expression” and“ one beat of the conjunctive form.” There are also things related to semantic use, such as the“ catching method of unity” and the“ causal relationship.” Non-use due to the“ catching method of unity” accounts for most misuse cases. (4) For overuse and non-use, there are many cases of misuse where the reading point is a formal tendency. This reading point indicates that the learner is aware there is a break before and after the reading point. At that time, overuse involves the te form plus the reading point, and the learner has a break between sections at the reading point. At the same time, both are connected by the te form, which represents them. Non-use indicates that the learner cannot judge a situation where “continuation of continuous use” and the te form are mixed, and the te form cannot be used., 本稿は，2018年度湖南省社科基金外语科学联合项目“日汉省略现象的认知对比研究”（課題番号:18WLH14）の助成を受けて行った研究成果の一部である。

BackgroundSpasticity is a common motor disorder resulting from upper motor neuron lesions. It has a serious influence on an individual's motor function and daily activity. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) is a non-invasive and painless approach developed for therapeutic intervention in clinical rehabilitation. However, the effectiveness of this intervention on spasticity in patients with spastic paralysis remains uncertain.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of rPMS on spasticity, motor function, and activities of daily living in individuals with spastic paralysis.MethodsPubMed, PEDro, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for eligible papers with date up to March 31, 2022. Two independent researchers conducted study screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. RCTs that explored the effects of rPMS on spasticity, motor function, and activities of daily living in patients with spastic paralysis were included for review. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used to assess methodological quality. The cumulative effects of available data were processed for a meta-analysis using Reedman software.ResultsEight studies with 297 participants were included. Most of the studies presented low to moderate risk of bias. Compared with the control group, the results showed that rPMS had a significant effect on spasticity (all spasticity outcomes: standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.94 to −0.16, I2 = 40%, and P = 0.006, Modified Ashworth Scale: mean difference [MD] = −0.48, 95% CI: −0.82 to −0.14, I2 = 0%, and P = 0.006), motor function (Fugl–Meyer Assessment: MD = 4.17, 95% CI: 0.89 to 7.46, I2 = 28%, and P = 0.01), and activities of daily living (Barthel Index: MD = 5.12, 95% CI: 2.58 to 7.67, I2 = 0%, and P < 0.0001). No side effect was reported.ConclusionThe meta-analysis demonstrated that the evidence supported rPMS in improving spasticity especially for passive muscle properties evaluated with Modified Ashworth Scale/Ashworth Scale, as well as motor function and daily activity of living in individuals with spastic paralysis.Study registrationThe reviewed protocol of this study is registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42022322395).Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42022322395.

Objective Existing agents to induce enamel self-repair and inhibit the progression of dental caries in the early stage have been proven to be inadequate and far from satisfactory. In this study, a honokiol-loaded poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (PAMH) was constructed to combat early caries lesions in enamel. Methods PAMH was prepared via a codissolution method. Computational simulation analysis was used to explore the mechanism of honokiol release. The cytotoxicity of PAMH was tested. The antibacterial effects of PAMH were tested by planktonic growth assays and biofilm formation inhibition assays. The remineralization effect of PAMH was examined via transverse microradiography and scanning electron microscopy after a pH cycling model. The in vivo anti-caries effect of PAMH was carried out in a rat model. Results Honokiol released from PAMH was slower but more durable in a cariogenic pH environment than in a neutral pH environment, which could be explained through the computational simulation analysis results. Under electrostatic action, P3 beads with the same charge repelled each other and extended outwards, resulting in the rapid expansion of the PAMAM dendrimer and accelerating the release of the drug. At a low pH of 5.5, the protonated P3 beads were not charged and the protonated P1 beads were positively charged. However, the electrostatic repulsive interaction between protonated P1 beads was restricted by the P3 beads in the outermost layer of the PAMAM dendrimer, so the swelling rate was relatively slow, resulting in the slow release of drug molecules in the acidic environment. The cytotoxicity demonstration and the biocompatibility experiment in animal study showed that PAMH is biologically safe. PAMH showed excellent enamel remineralizing ability after pH cycling and showed a long-term antibacterial effect in vitro. Meanwhile, PAMH showed long-term anticaries efficacy in vivo. Significance Our findings indicated that PAMH had great potential to combat early caries lesions in enamel for future clinical application.

BackgroundMaturity-onset diabetes of the young 5 (MODY5), a rare diabetes syndrome of young adults, is associated with variants in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B (HNF1B) gene.Case PresentationWe reported a case of MODY5, which presented with diabetic ketosis, multiple renal cysts, and hypokalemia. In this case, the HNF1B score was estimated as 13 and a heterozygous variant of HNF1B in exon 4 (c.826C>T, p.Arg276*) was identified through Sanger sequencing.ConclusionsMultiple renal cysts and youth-onset diabetes are common manifestations in patients with HNF1B mutations, and insufficient insulin secretion may be a potential cause of diabetic ketosis in MODY5.

Large mode area (LMA) fibers are widely used in high power fiber lasers to solve the nonlinear problems. In this work, a Nd3+-doped phosphate glass LMA fiber with heterogeneous helical claddings (HHC) is fabricated successfully by rod in tube method for the first time. The performance of the preform glass was matched well and suitable for drawing the fiber, and the related fabrication method is helpful for other special structure fiber fabrication. The fiber performance such as loss and gain coefficients are both tested and compared respectively. The experiment results show that the loss coefficient α will increase with the decrease of Λ (helix pitch) or r (fiber core radius), furtherly, the net gain coefficient g will become larger with the increase of r or Λ. The experiment results are beneficial to the HHC fiber design furtherly. As the HHC fiber has an all-solid-state structure, it is easy to fabricate relatively and convenient for cutting, splicing, etc. Thus, the HHC fiber will have potential applications in the field of fiber lasers.

ObjectivesThe progressive impairment of β-cell function results in prolonged deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Interestingly, the finding on pancreatitis secondary to renal injury suggests that potential communication exists between kidney and pancreas. Therefore, we aimed to investigate cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42)-mediated podocyte apoptosis and its effect on insulin secretion in islet β-cells.MethodsType 2 diabetic nephropathy mouse models were established to identify the expression of Cdc42 in podocytes by immunohistochemistry. An in vitro co-culture of mouse podocyte MPC5 and β-TC6 cells was preliminarily established. Subsequently, podocyte apoptosis induced by high glucose and Cdc42 was detected by TUNEL staining and western blotting. In addition, the JNK pathway was examined to determine the mechanism of apoptosis in MPC5 cells. Finally, insulin secretion and expression in β-TC6 cells as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in both cell types were examined after the regulation of Cdc42 in MPC5 cells.ResultsCdc42 was highly expressed in the podocytes of diabetic nephropathy mice. Exposure to 25 mM glucose for 48 h induced a significant upregulation of Cdc42, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 as well as a decreased Bcl-2 expression. In addition, marked apoptosis of MPC5 cells was observed compared to normal glucose treatment. After transfection with Cdc42 plasmid, apoptosis of MPC5 cells was enhanced with an increased expression of p-JNK, whereas inhibition of Cdc42 significantly alleviated podocyte apoptosis accompanied by a downregulation of p-JNK. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion level of β-TC6 cells decreased after the upregulation of Cdc42 in MPC5 cells. Immunofluorescence staining for insulin showed that co-culture with MPC5 cells carrying the Cdc42 plasmid significantly reduced insulin expression, whereas inhibition of Cdc42 in MPC5 cells alleviated the above-mentioned abnormality of β-TC6 cells. The expression of Cdc42 and p-p38 in β-TC6 cells increased following the upregulation of Cdc42 in MPC5 cells; this was concurrent with augmented MDA levels and decreased SOD activity. The opposite result was observed for Cdc42 knockdown in MPC5 cells.ConclusionsCdc42 in podocytes plays a crucial role in insulin secretion by β-cells, which may provide a new therapeutic target to prevent the vicious cycle of β-cell dysfunction in T2DM.

The critical information for conserving endangered species is to identify how different niche dimensions affect key life history stages of a population. However, it is often difficult to quantify how each ecological niche dimension affects different life history stages because environmental factors may affect each fitness component of organisms to various degrees. Here, we applied the recently developed hypervolume method that follows the idea of Hutchinson's n-dimensional hypervolume. We analyzed the niche space of different life history stages of the endangered landlocked salmon Oncorhynchus masou formosanus, the most southerly distributed of all salmonoids. We found no direct effect of water pollution on salmon population density but a significant negative effect on salmon reproductive success. Surprisingly, the niche hypervolume analysis showed that the size of hatching success niche hypervolume was only 17.9% and 18.4% of the natural redd site density or population density, respectively. This result demonstrates a much higher environmental requirement for salmon during the egg stage than that affecting population density or nesting environment. Our results suggest that understanding the behavioral and physiological mechanisms that influence crucial life history stages in the wild is critical to developing effective conservation programs, and the niche hypervolume is a valuable method to achieve this.

In this work, a one-dimensional waveguide is formed by virtue of the helium ion implantation in the oxyfluoride glass (OFG). The energy and the fluence of the ion implantation are 0.4 MeV and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], respectively. The m-line curve with the effective refractive indices of the modes was recorded by using the prism coupling system. The energy loss distribution and the refractive index profile were calculated by the stopping and range of ions into matter (SRIM)-2013 and the RCM, respectively. The light modal profile was measured by the end-facet coupling system. It suggests that the He[Formula: see text]-ion implanted OFG waveguides have the potential to act as integrated photonic devices.

The ridge waveguide on the TGG crystal has been fabricated through the combination of the ion implantation and the femtosecond laser ablation. Firstly, optical planar waveguide was formed on the to...

Melt processing is a promising process to fabricate Mg–CNTs (carbon nanotubes) composites with high performance and large dimensions. In this work, the liquid-mixing technique and ball-milling processes as well as the stirring casting method were used to prepare ZM1-1.0CNTs-L and ZM1-1.0CNTs-B composites, respectively. The composites were studied using optical microscopy (OM), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and room-temperature tensile test. The results show that the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation and microhardness values of the ZM1-1.0CNTs-L composite are improved by 37.3%, 29.6%, 37.0% and 33.3%, respectively, compared with those of ZM1 alloy. The uniform dispersion of CNTs as well as the strong interfacial bonds with the Mg matrix is the main reason for the significant improvement in mechanical properties of the as-cast composite. Liquid mixing combined with the stirring casting method is favorable to fabricate Mg–CNTs composite with high mechanical properties.

The work reports on the preparation and optical characterization of 75P2O5-15B2O3-9Al2O3-Bi2O3 glass by using the melt-quenching method and absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Further, 0.4-MeV proton implantation of a fluence of 8.0 × 1016 ions/cm2 was carried out on this glassy sample and it was tested as a waveguide at a wavelength of 632.8 nm for the first time to our knowledge. The m-line curves of the waveguide were measured before and after successive annealing treatments. The formation theory of the planar waveguides is discussed through simulations of the energy loss distribution and analysis of the reconstructed refractive index profile. The results should be useful in the design and fabrication of bismuth-doped phosphate glass and its use in integrated photonics devices.

This work reports on the fabrication and characterization of a K9 glass planar waveguide structure. The helium ion implantation was employed to form the waveguide on the K9 glass. The choices of the energy of 0.4 MeV and the dose of [Formula: see text] ions/cm2 were conducted by the SRIM 2013. The [Formula: see text]-line spectroscopy and the modal profile of the He[Formula: see text]-irradiated K9 glass waveguide were performed by the prism-coupling system and the end-face coupling technique at 0.6328 [Formula: see text]m, which suggests the capability of light propagation. The He[Formula: see text]-implanted K9 glass waveguides can serve as potential candidates for advanced integrated optoelectronic devices.

In this work, we report on the preparation and characterization of the planar and ridge optical waveguides in the

In this work, we report the fabrication of an optical waveguide by single-energy H+ ion implantation in the Er3+-doped phosphate glass. The ion implantation conditions are with energy of 0.4 MeV and a fluence of 8.0×1016 ions/cm2. The dark mode spectrum of the waveguide structure was measured by the prism coupling experiment. The refractive index change along with the penetration depth was fitted by using the reflectivity calculation method (RCM). Finally, the calculated near-field light intensity distribution shows superior waveguide properties, which demonstrates its promising potentials for compact optical integrated devices.

The optical planar waveguides were fabricated by proton implantation with an energy of 400 keV and a dose of 8 × 1016 ions / cm2 or 400-keV helium-ion implantation with a fluence of 6 × 1016 ions / cm2 in the fluoride lead silicate glass. The morphologies were studied by a Zeiss microscope to estimate the thickness of the waveguides. The annealing effects on the fluoride lead silicate glass waveguides were investigated by 60 min annealing cycles at different temperatures ranging from 260°C to 310°C in air atmosphere. The dark-mode spectra and corresponding effective refractive indices before and after the thermal treatments were measured by the prism coupling system. The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter 2013 code was used to simulate the irradiation process and calculate the energy losses. The refractive index distributions were reconstructed by the reflectivity calculation method. The near-field light intensity profiles of the proton and helium-ion implanted fluoride lead silicate glass waveguides were measured by the end-face coupling system. The comparison of optical properties between the proton-implanted waveguide and helium-ion implanted one was carried out. The experimental results show that the helium-ion implantation is more suitable for the fabrication of the fluoride lead silicate glass optical waveguides and the He + -implanted waveguide has better optical propagation performances.

Background. Neck pain is common and can have a significant impact on patients’ physical functionality, mobility, and quality of life (QOL). In clinical practice, traditional Chinese mind and body exercise (TCMBE) is a combination of different types of exercise based on traditional Chinese medicine, including qigong, tai chi, the 12-words-for-life-nurturing exercise, and so on, and many studies have found that it is safe and effective at helping patients with neck pain. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of TCMBE on pain intensity, functional mobility, and QOL in individuals with neck pain. Methods. The PubMed, MEDLINE, PEDro, and Embase databases were systematically searched for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials reporting the effects of TCMBE on pain intensity, functional mobility, and QOL in individuals with neck pain were included. Screening, data extraction, and literature quality assessments were performed independently by two reviewers. RevMan5.4 software was used for data analysis. Results. Six studies with 716 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the control groups, TCMBE had no therapeutic advantage in improving pain intensity (visual analogue scale: mean difference (MD) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): −7.70 to 11.46, and P = 0.70); functional mobility (neck disability index: MD = 0.15, 95% CI: −6.37 to 6.66, and P = 0.96; neck pain and disability scale: MD = 1.31, 95% CI: −4.10 to 6.71, and P = 0.64); or 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scores for physical function (MD = 5.58, 95% CI: −8.03 to 19.18, and P = 0.42), general health (MD = 1.87, 95% CI: −4.99 to 8.72, and P = 0.59), body pain (MD = 2.26, 95% CI: −3.80 to 8.32, and P = 0.46), vitality (MD = 6.24, 95% CI: −1.49 to 13.98, and P = 0.11), social function (MD = 8.06, 95% CI: −4.85 to 20.98, and P = 0.22), role physical (MD = –1.46, 95% CI: −8.54 to 5.62, and P = 0.69), or role emotional (MD = 6.5, 95% CI: −3.45 to 16.45, and P = 0.2). However, TCMBE was less effective at improving mental health results based on the SF-36 survey (MD = 3.37, 95% CI: 0.5 to 6.24, and P = 0.02). Conclusions. Based on the meta-analysis, there is insufficient evidence to support the clinical use of TCMBE in improving pain intensity and enhancing functional mobility and QOL in individuals with neck pain.

International audience

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease with a high fatality rate. Up to now, there are an estimated 26 million confirmed cases and 865,000 deaths around the world. But no effective way can control this disease. As the country that first discovered and treated the COVID-19, China has formed relatively mature prevention and treatment methods such as “3 prescriptions and 3 drugs.” Xuan Fei Bai Du Fang, as a member of “3 prescriptions and 3 drugs,” has very good clinical effects Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched for randomized controlled studies published to date. This study only screens clinical randomized controlled trials on QFBDF for COVID-19 to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Import all literatures that meet the requirements into Endnote X9 software. The information was finally cross-checked by 2 reviewers. Papers selected for review were assessed for risk of bias according to the criteria. Quality assessment on design of study, risk of bias, indirectness and imprecision were assessed using the GRADE framework. Where sufficient studies were available, publication bias was assessed visually using funnel plots. Relative risks for primary and secondary outcomes were calculated on an intent-to-treat basis and pooled using random effects meta-analysis. the continuous is expressed by mean difference or standard mean difference, eventually the data is synthesized using a fixed effect model or a random effect model depending on whether or not heterogeneity exists. The heterogeneity of studies will be evaluated by Q-test and I2 statistic with RevMan5.3. Results: The time from a positive diagnosis to a negative result of 2 consecutive nucleic acid tests (not on the same day), cure rate. The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: The purpose of this systematic review is to provide new evidence for the effectiveness and safety of Xuan Fei Bai Du Fang in the treatment of COVID-19. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020213950.

Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. (Figures 1, 3–5) Holotype. YBU 18273, an adult male, collected by K. Li, M. Yu, L. H. Liao, and K. Tang at night on July 12, 2019 in Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve, Pingbian County (N 103°42′01.02″, E 22°55′02.78″), southeastern Yunnan Province, China, at an elevation of 1, 968 m above sea level. Diagnosis. A new species of Achalinus having the combination of (1) dorsal scales strongly keeled, 23 rows throughout; (2) tail relatively short, TaL/TL 24.3%; (3) length of suture between internasals subequal to that between prefrontals; (4) nasal divided into two sections by nasal cleft; (5) loreal fused with prefrontal, with the prefrontal extending towards the supralabials; (6) supralabials 7, the fifth and sixth widely in contact with eye; (7) infralabials 6, the first three touching the first pair of chin shields; (8) temporals 2+2+3 on right side and 2+2 on left side, the uppermost anterior temporal in contact with eye; (9) ventrals 164+2, subcaudals 56, arranged in single row; (10) anal entire; (11) uniform black, tinged weakly iridescent; (12) light black beneath. Description of holotype. An adult male with a total length of 429 mm (SVL 345 mm and TaL 84 mm), TaL/TL 24.3%. Body slender, cylindrical; head slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically oval pupil; rostral small, triangular, slightly visible from above. LSBI subequal to LSBP. Nostril in the anterior part of the nasal, posterior margin of nostril with a distinct nostril cleft, the posterior section of nasal vertically rectangular. Frontal pentagonal, slightly broader than long, pointed backwards, much shorter than the parietals; each parietal bordered by an elongated nuchal. Nuchals separated from each other behind parietals by one small scale; the second pair of nuchals about 2/3 the size as the first pair. Loreal lacking, prefrontals stretch towards the SPL. Preocular and postocular absent. A single SPO. Two aTMP, elongated, upper one smaller, only uppermost in contact with eye, four elongated pTMP on right side, and pTMP of the left side nondescript. SPL 7, the first smallest, fifth and sixth in contact with the eye, seventh longest. One mental, followed by six IFL, the first pair of IFL in contact with each other; the first three IFL touching the first pair of chin shields; posterior pair of chin shields larger, length of the suture between the first pair equal to that between the second pair, laterally in contact with third to fifth IFL. Dorsal scales lanceolate and strongly keeled, in 23-23-23 rows, those of the most outer rows on both sides significantly enlarged and smooth. VS 164 (plus two preventrals), distinctly rounded laterally; SC 56, not paired; anal entire. Coloration of holotype in life. Uniform black above, vertebral line unseen. All scales tinged iridescent and margin of scales greyish white. Uniform light black beneath. The ventral tail dark brown, the dorsal tail surface iridescent black (Figs. 3 and 4). Coloration of holotype in preservation. All scales tinged weakly iridescent. Uniform black, margin of all scales dark grey. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality of this species, Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve, Pingbian County, Southeastern Yunnan, China. We suggest the common names as Ping Bian Ji She (DZṈṘẘ) in Chinese and Pingbian odd-scaled snake in English. Distribution and habits. Currently, Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. is known only from its type locality at Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve, Pingbian County, southeastern Yunnan Province, China (Fig. 1). The specimen was found at 9:00 PM on the road with moss and leaf litters in well-preserved montane evergreen broadleaf forest on both sides. Comparisons. Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. differs from all other species of Achalinus, except A. jinggangensis and A. timi, by the absence of a loreal. Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. further differs from A. jinggangensis, A. timi, A. ater, A. hainanus, A. rufescens, A. emilyae, A. yunkaiensis, and A. juliani by having length of suture between internasals subequal to that between prefrontals (vs. distinctly longer than that between prefrontals). Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from A. formosanus (mDSR 25–27), A. meiguensis (mDSR 19–21), A. timi (mDSR 25), and A. niger (mDSR 27) by having mDSR 23, and from A. hainanus and A. meiguensis by the presence of internasals. In addition, the new species can be differentiated from some congeners in VS, SC, and Tal/TL ratio. Comparisons between the new species and its congeners are summarized in Table 4. ......continued on the next page, Published as part of Li, Ke, Yu, Min, Wu, Ya-Yong, Liao, Lin-Hong, Tang, Kui, Liu, Qin & Guo, Peng, 2020, A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata: Xenodermatidae) from southeastern Yunnan Province, China, pp. 116-128 in Zootaxa 4860 (1) on pages 121-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4860.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4537645, {"references":["Van Denburgh, J. (1912) Concerning certain species of reptiles and amphibians from China, Japan, the Loo Choo Islands, and Formosa. Proceedings of The California Academy of Sciences, 3, 187 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1631 - 0691 (02) 01509 - 3","Pope, C. H. (1935) The reptiles of China. Turtles, crocodilians, snakes, lizards. Natural History of central Asia. Vol. X. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 604 pp.","Bourret, R. L. (1935) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. VIII. 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(1989) Taxonomic re-definition of Achalinus formosanus Boulenger (Xenoderminae: Colubridae: Ophidia), with description of a new subspecies. Copeia, 1989 (3), 597 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445485.","Zhao, E. M. (2006) Snakes of China. Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, Hefei, 372 (texts) + 279 pp. (photos). [in Chinese]","Das, I. (2010) A field guide to the reptiles of Southeast Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London, Cape Town, Sydney and Auckland, 376 pp.","Ziegler, T., Nguyen, T. Q., Pham, C. T., Nguyen, T. T., Pham, A. V., Schingen, V. S., Nguyen, T. T. & Le, M. D. (2019) Three new species of the snake genus Achalinus from Vietnam (Squamata: Xenodermatidae). Zootaxa, 4590 (2), 249 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4590.2.3","Wang, J., Li, Y., Zeng, Z. C., Lyu, Z. T., Sung, Y. H., Li, Y. Y., Lin, C. Y. & Wang, Y. Y. (2019) A new species of the genus Achalinus from southwestern Guangdong Province, China (Squamata: Xenodermatidae). 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Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. (Figures 1, 3–5) Holotype. YBU 18273, an adult male, collected by K. Li, M. Yu, L. H. Liao, and K. Tang at night on July 12, 2019 in Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve, Pingbian County (N 103°42′01.02″, E 22°55′02.78″), southeastern Yunnan Province, China, at an elevation of 1, 968 m above sea level. Diagnosis. A new species of Achalinus having the combination of (1) dorsal scales strongly keeled, 23 rows throughout; (2) tail relatively short, TaL/TL 24.3%; (3) length of suture between internasals subequal to that between prefrontals; (4) nasal divided into two sections by nasal cleft; (5) loreal fused with prefrontal, with the prefrontal extending towards the supralabials; (6) supralabials 7, the fifth and sixth widely in contact with eye; (7) infralabials 6, the first three touching the first pair of chin shields; (8) temporals 2+2+3 on right side and 2+2 on left side, the uppermost anterior temporal in contact with eye; (9) ventrals 164+2, subcaudals 56, arranged in single row; (10) anal entire; (11) uniform black, tinged weakly iridescent; (12) light black beneath. Description of holotype. An adult male with a total length of 429 mm (SVL 345 mm and TaL 84 mm), TaL/TL 24.3%. Body slender, cylindrical; head slightly distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically oval pupil; rostral small, triangular, slightly visible from above. LSBI subequal to LSBP. Nostril in the anterior part of the nasal, posterior margin of nostril with a distinct nostril cleft, the posterior section of nasal vertically rectangular. Frontal pentagonal, slightly broader than long, pointed backwards, much shorter than the parietals; each parietal bordered by an elongated nuchal. Nuchals separated from each other behind parietals by one small scale; the second pair of nuchals about 2/3 the size as the first pair. Loreal lacking, prefrontals stretch towards the SPL. Preocular and postocular absent. A single SPO. Two aTMP, elongated, upper one smaller, only uppermost in contact with eye, four elongated pTMP on right side, and pTMP of the left side nondescript. SPL 7, the first smallest, fifth and sixth in contact with the eye, seventh longest. One mental, followed by six IFL, the first pair of IFL in contact with each other; the first three IFL touching the first pair of chin shields; posterior pair of chin shields larger, length of the suture between the first pair equal to that between the second pair, laterally in contact with third to fifth IFL. Dorsal scales lanceolate and strongly keeled, in 23-23-23 rows, those of the most outer rows on both sides significantly enlarged and smooth. VS 164 (plus two preventrals), distinctly rounded laterally; SC 56, not paired; anal entire. Coloration of holotype in life. Uniform black above, vertebral line unseen. All scales tinged iridescent and margin of scales greyish white. Uniform light black beneath. The ventral tail dark brown, the dorsal tail surface iridescent black (Figs. 3 and 4). Coloration of holotype in preservation. All scales tinged weakly iridescent. Uniform black, margin of all scales dark grey. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality of this species, Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve, Pingbian County, Southeastern Yunnan, China. We suggest the common names as Ping Bian Ji She (DZṈṘẘ) in Chinese and Pingbian odd-scaled snake in English. Distribution and habits. Currently, Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. is known only from its type locality at Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve, Pingbian County, southeastern Yunnan Province, China (Fig. 1). The specimen was found at 9:00 PM on the road with moss and leaf litters in well-preserved montane evergreen broadleaf forest on both sides. Comparisons. Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. differs from all other species of Achalinus, except A. jinggangensis and A. timi, by the absence of a loreal. Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. further differs from A. jinggangensis, A. timi, A. ater, A. hainanus, A. rufescens, A. emilyae, A. yunkaiensis, and A. juliani by having length of suture between internasals subequal to that between prefrontals (vs. distinctly longer than that between prefrontals). Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from A. formosanus (mDSR 25–27), A. meiguensis (mDSR 19–21), A. timi (mDSR 25), and A. niger (mDSR 27) by having mDSR 23, and from A. hainanus and A. meiguensis by the presence of internasals. In addition, the new species can be differentiated from some congeners in VS, SC, and Tal/TL ratio. Comparisons between the new species and its congeners are summarized in Table 4. ......continued on the next page

Li, Ke, Yu, Min, Wu, Ya-Yong, Liao, Lin-Hong, Tang, Kui, Liu, Qin, Guo, Peng (2020): A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata: Xenodermatidae) from southeastern Yunnan Province, China. Zootaxa 4860 (1): 116-128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4860.1.6

Shengnan Wang,1,2,* Jing Wu,1,* Congcong Guo,3 Hongxia Shang,4 Jinming Yao,4 Lin Liao,4,5 Jianjun Dong6 1Laboratory of Endocrinology, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Occupational Disease, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lin LiaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 151 6888 8260Fax +86 531 8296 3647Email liaolin@sdu.edu.cnJianjun DongDepartment of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 137 9112 2910Fax +86 531 8296 7544Email cwc_ll@sdu.edu.cnPurpose: The conventional interventions of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients are mainly through surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; however, it is hardly to improve survival rate. We aimed to investigate the differential expressed genes (DEGs) between ATC and normal thyroid gland through bioinformatics analysis of the microarray datasets and find new potential therapeutic targets for ATC.Methods: Microarray datasets GSE9115, GSE29265, GSE33630, GSE53072, and GSE65144 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Compared with the normal tissue, GEO2R was conducted to screen the DEGs in each chip under the condition of |log FC| > l, adjusted P‐values (adj. P) < 0.05. The Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was used to calculate PPI networks of DEGs with a combined score > 0.4 as the cut-off criteria. The hub genes in the PPI network were visualized and selected according to screening conditions in Cytoscape software. In addition, the novel genes in ATC were screened for survival analysis using Kaplan–Meier plotter from those hub genes and validated by RT-qPCR.Results: A total of 284 overlapping DEGs were obtained, including 121 upregulated and 161 downregulated DEGs. A total of 232 DEGs were selected by STRING database. The 50 hub genes in the PPI network were chosen according to three screening conditions. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier plotter database confirmed that high expressions of ANLN, CENPF, KIF2C, TPX2, and NDC80 were negatively correlated with poor overall survival of ATC patients. Finally, RT-qPCR experiments showed that KIF2C and CENPF were significantly upregulated in ARO cells and CAL-62 cells when compared to Nthy-ori 3– 1 cells, TPX2 was upregulated only in CAL-62 cells, while ANLN and NDC80 were obviously decreased in ARO cells and CAL-62 cells.Conclusion: Our study suggested that CENPF, KIF2C, and TPX2 might play a significant role in the development of ATC, which could be further explored as potential biomarkers for the treatment of ATC.Keywords: anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, bioinformatics analysis, Gene Expression Omnibus database, differential expressed genes

Constructing the glass matrix to avoid the concentration quenching is significant to obtain heavily doping and higher optical gain glasses. In this work, B2O3-Na2O binary glasses with different O/B were employed for discussing the relationship between the glass structure and erbium ions concentration quenching. The Raman spectra indicated that when the O/B was 0.16, the [BO3] would be mostly transformed into [BO4] in the glass network, and furtherly increased O/B, the [BO3] would not be transformed into [BO4] continuously. The critical doping concentration was highest when the O/B was 0.16, which suggested that the relative complete framework structure would be beneficial to obtain homogenously distribution of rare earth ions. Lower O/B, more diverse of the glass structure units, which would be favor to obtain broadband width of NIR fluorescence of Er3+ ions.

Les orgues à bouche sont des instruments traditionnels à anches libres qu’on retrouve sous différentes formes dans plusieurs régions d’Asie de l’Est. Ils demeurent encore aujourd’hui relativement méconnus en Occident mais suscitent de plus en plus l’intérêt des compositeurs et des scientifiques. Dans cette introduction, nous retraçons tout d’abord dans les grandes lignes l’histoire de ces instruments ancestraux, en rappelant comment le shō japonais et le sheng chinois se sont immiscés dans la musique contemporaine au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle grâce à des musiciens d’exception comme Mayumi Miyata et Wu Wei. Nous revenons ensuite sur le contenu de ce numéro qui expose les premiers résultats d’un vaste projet de recherche interdisciplinaire intitulé sheng ! l’orgue à bouche.

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a serious complication of diabetes, which brings a heavy burden to patients' families and society. The SDF-1/CXCR4 signal pathway may be a target to prevent articular cartilage degeneration. In this study, we studied the effects of high glucose (20 mmol/L) and CXCR4 antagonist AMD3465 (10 μmol/L) on the apoptosis and gene expression of osteoblast-like cells MG63 to determine a new treatment for DOP. CCK8 and clone formation assays confirmed that AMD3465 resisted the decrease of proliferation caused by high glucose. According to the results of scratch and transwell analysis, AMD3465 could remedy the decrease of cell migration and invasion induced by high glucose. The results of flow cytometry analysis and double staining with Hoechst and PI showed AMD3465 corrected the apoptosis induced by high glucose. In addition, high glucose regulated the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins, while AMD3465 blocked the regulation of high glucose. Furthermore, high glucose enhanced the expression levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in MG63 cells, as well as the release of MMP1, 3, 9 and 13. AMD3465 inhibited the release of MMPs. The results showed that AMD3465 resisted the apoptosis of MG63 cells induced by high glucose, provided a new strategy for the therapy of DOP.

Additional file 3: Table S3 Information for TAO targets after PPI analysis.

Additional file 2: Table S2 TAO related targets

Additional file 4: Table S4 Information for overlapped targets after PPI analysis.

Additional file 1: Table S1 The putative targets of SP.

"sheng! the mouth organ - dozens of sounds, hundreds of musics" is a program on the mouth organ proposed by Liao Lin-Ni 廖 琳妮 from TPMC (Tout pour la Musique Contemporaine), hosted in 2019 by the Collegium musicae of Sorbonne University, with researchers from IReMus (François Picard, Pierre Couprie), IRCAM (René Caussé, Jean Lochard), LAM (Christophe d'Alessandro), around guest musicians (Wu Wei 吴巍, Li Li-Chin 李 俐 錦, Yamamoto Tetsuya 山 本 哲 也, Benjamin Levy), and guest researchers (Véronique de Lavenère, Véronique Brindeau, Suzuki Seiko 鈴木 聖 子, Aymen Louati, Huang Lung-Yi 黃 朧 逸, Julie Delisle, Alexis Baskind). Both the participants and the audience form a heterogeneous and international community, with speakers of the quality of Christian Utz, professor in Graz and composer, one of the thinkers of the musical encounter between heterogeneous systems. The hospitality of IRCAM thanks to Mikhaïl Malt allows to benefit from the excellence of the infrastructure and the quality of the technical and relational support offered by Éric de Gélis., sheng! l'orgue à bouche-des dizaines de sons, des centaines de musiques est un programme sur l'orgue à bouche proposé par Liao Lin-Ni 廖琳妮 de TPMC (Tout pour la Musique Contemporaine), accueilli en 2019 par le Collegium musicae de Sorbonne Université, avec des chercheuses et chercheurs de l'IReMus (François Picard, Pierre Couprie), de l'IRCAM (René Caussé, Jean Lochard), du LAM (Christophe d'Alessandro), autour de musiciennes et musiciens invités (Wu Wei 吴巍, Li Li-Chin 李俐錦, Yamamoto Tetsuya 山本 哲也, Benjamin Levy), et de chercheuses et chercheurs invités (Véronique de Lavenère, Véronique Brindeau, Suzuki Seiko 鈴木 聖子, Aymen Louati, Huang Lung-Yi 黃朧逸, Julie Delisle, Alexis Baskind). Tant les participants que le public forment une communauté hétérogène et internationale, avec des intervenants de la qualité de Christian Utz, professeur à Graz et compositeur, un des penseurs de la rencontre musicale entre systèmes hétérogènes. L'hospitalité de l'IRCAM grâce à Mikhaïl Malt permet de bénéficier de l'excellence de l'infrastructure et de la qualité de l'accompagnement technique et relationnel offert par Éric de Gélis.

Zhengyuan Fan,1,2 Congcong Guo,3 Yuhan Zhang,2,4 Jinming Yao,2,4 Lin Liao,2,4 Jianjun Dong5 1First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People’s Republic of China; 2Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China; 3Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, People’s Republic of China; 4Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China; 5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lin Liao; Jianjun DongDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15168888260; +86-13791122910Email liaolin@sdu.edu.cn; cwc_ll@sdu.edu.cnBackground: Hongjingtian injection (HJT) is administered in the treatment of vascular diseases, including diabetic angiopathies (DA). However, its underlying mechanisms have not been examined systematically.Methods: In this research, we explored potential mechanisms of HJT through network pharmacology. HG-stimulated A7r5 cells served as the cell model. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were investigated. The effects on key targets and the AKT pathway were verified by Western blotting in experiments with the AKT inhibitor LY294002 or activator SC79.Results: Network analysis predicted that HJT targeted 10 candidate targets and 15 pathways including cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in response to DA. Functional experiments showed that HJT markedly suppressed the proliferation and migration and promoted the apoptosis of HG-induced VSMCs, which validated the prediction. Mechanistically, HJT significantly downregulated the expression of pAKT, MMP9, and PCNA, upregulated the expression of p53 and cleaved caspase-3 and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio compared with the HG group. SC79, an AKT activator, partially reversed the inhibitory effects of HJT on HG-induced VSMCs, confirming the involvement of the AKT pathway. Furthermore, the presence of the AKT inhibitor LY294002 had a similar inhibitory effect as HJT.Conclusion: These findings systematically evaluate the potential mechanisms of HJT for the treatment of DA. HJT suppressed the proliferation and migration and promoted the apoptosis of HG-induced VSMCs partly by inhibiting the AKT pathway. Additionally, this study may provide a quick and effective way to investigate the molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.Keywords: network pharmacology, diabetic angiopathies, traditional Chinese medicine, diabetes &nbsp

Graphene nanosheets (GNS) are the promising nano-reinforcements to fabricate bulk graphene-metal composites due to their excellent mechanical properties and large yield. However, the effective synthesis of such bulk graphene reinforced magnesium (Mg) composites remains challenging because of the poor interfacial bonding and the aggregation of GNS. Here, GNS possessing about 12 at. % residual oxygen (∼7:1 C/O ratio) was synthesized by a thermal reduction method. These residual oxygen in GNS is beneficial to increase the interfacial bonding between GNS and the matrix of α-Mg by MgO nanoparticles, which synthesized through the occurrence of a reaction between the residual oxygen and α-Mg in the composites. TEM analysis reveals that the in-situ synthesized MgO nanoparticles can significantly improve the interfacial bonding between GNS and α-Mg owing to the formation of semi-coherent interface of MgO/α-Mg and the distortion area bonding interface of GNS/MgO. By filling 0.5 wt. % of GNS, the yield strength and elongation of the composite increased by 76.2% and 24.3%, respectively as compared to the matrix alloy. The significant improvement in mechanical properties of the composites is mainly due to the grain refinement, strong interfacial bonding and dislocation strengthening.

As a kind of inorganic luminescent material, the glasses doped rare earth ions have presented significant application in the field of white-light lighting and display. Herein, we successfully prepared a new kind of phosphate glass co-doped Tm2O3 and Dy2O3. In the case of a certain Dy2O3 concentration, the bulk densities of phosphate glasses increased with increase in Tm2O3 concentrations, while the variation in molar volume was opposite. As for the optical absorption spectra, seven absorption peaks can be clearly found in the range of 300 nm to 750 nm, based on the absorption spectra, the calculated J-O parameters followed the tendency of Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4. Besides, four emission peaks were evidently found under 350 nm light excitation, which were located at 454, 484, 575, and 665 nm, respectively. As the working temperature was about 150°C, its photoluminescence intensity can still maintain 81.39% of the initial photoluminescence intensity. Meanwhile, the fluorescence lifetimes of glasses gradually decreased with the increasing of Tm2O3 concentrations, and the date of CIE coordinates and CCTs were recorded to confirm that the glass doped 0.4 mol.% Tm2O3 exhibited excellent comprehensive properties, such as suitable chromaticity coordinates (0.3505, 0.3790), low CCT (∼ 4899K

Terbium scandium aluminum garnet crystal is a promising material which has excellent characteristics for magneto-optical devices. We report on the fabrication of optical planar and ridge waveguides in the terbium scandium aluminum garnet by using combination of helium ion implantation and precise diamond blade dicing. The conditions for the ion implantation are an energy of 400 keV and a fluence of 6 × 1016 ions/cm2. The rotating velocity and cutting speed of the diamond blade were set to be 20,000 rpm and 0.1 mm/s, respectively. The implantation depth and distributions of energy loss were calculated by the stopping and range of ions in matter 2013. The refractive index distribution and the dark-mode spectrum for the implanted planar waveguide were obtained by the reflectivity calculation method and the prism coupling system, respectively. The near-field intensity profiles of both the planar and ridge waveguides were measured by the end-face coupling technique. The optical guiding properties of the terbium scandium aluminum garnet waveguides suggest that they can serve as candidates for optical waveguide isolators.

In this work, we report on the preparation and characterization of the planar and ridge optical waveguides in the E r 3 + -doped germanate glass by combining hydrogen ion implantation and precise diamond blade dicing. The nuclear energy loss and the implantation depth were calculated by the SRIM 2013 software. The refractive index profile was obtained by the reflectivity calculation method. The dark-mode spectrum and the near-field intensity distribution were measured by the prism coupling system and end-face coupling technique, respectively. This work has important reference significance for the development of E r 3 + -doped germanate glass active devices in the optical communication field.

The YAG single crystals doped with 10 at.%, 20 at.% and 50 at.% Er3+ were successfully grown by the micro-pulling down method and spectroscopic properties of the crystals were investigated. The main interest was focus on the relation between the Er3+ concentration and ∼3.5 μm emission of Er3+:YAG crystals. Room temperature absorption spectra were analyzed by the Judd-Ofelt theory. The stimulated emission cross-sections were calculated by the Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg equation. The fluorescence intensities and peak emission cross-sections of the crystals at ∼3.5 μm are slightly decreasing with the increase of Er3+ concentration. The trend of the emission properties in NIR and visible region with the Er3+ concentration was also discussed and compared. The results indicate that the highly doped Er3+ concentration is beneficial to realize the ∼3.5 µm laser output.

A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of periplocymarin in human blood and urine was developed. The digoxin-d3 was used as an internal standard. Periplocymarin and digoxin-d3 (IS) were processed with ethyl acetate by liquid-liquid extraction. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-pack XR-ODSIII C18 column with a 7 min gradient elution using methanol-ammonium formate (5 mmol/L) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min (65:35, v/v). The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using positive-ion mode electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring mode. The periplocymarin was well separated from the internal standard. Two calibration curves were linear within the concentration range 0.01-1 μg/mL. The limit of detection and quantification of blood and urine samples were both estimated at 0.005 and 0.01 μg/mL. The interday and intraday precisions, accuracy, and recovery were assessed to verify this method. The results showed that the method was suitable for the determination of periplocymarin in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.

Planar waveguides in magneto-optical glasses (tb3+-doped aluminum borosilicate glasses) have been produced by a 550-kev proton implantation at a dose of 4.0 x 10(16) ions/cm(2) for the first time to our knowledge. after annealing at 260 degrees c for 1.0 h, the dark-mode spectra and near-field intensity distributions are measured by the prism-coupling and end-face coupling methods. the damage profile, refractive index distribution and light propagation mode of the planar waveguide are numerically calculated by srim 2010, rcm and fd-bpm, respectively. the effects of implantation on the structural and optical properties are investigated by raman and absorption spectra. it suggests that the proton-implanted tb3+-doped aluminum borosilicate glass waveguide is a good candidate for a waveguide isolator in optical fiber communication and all-optical communication. (c) 2016 elsevier ltd. all rights reserved.