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Peace of mind (PoM) is an index of mental health in Asian culture and emphasizes low arousal, happiness, harmony, and an internal state of peacefulness. While previous studies have found that mindful self-awareness can contribute to PoM, regular physical activity (PA) is also an important factor contributing to one’s PoM due to its function in promoting one's resilience. The study aims to investigate a hypothetical model that assumes PA is associated with resilience while controlling for mindful self-awareness, contributing to PoM. The PoM scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Chinese translation of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and PA self-report questionnaire were used. A path analysis was applied to test the association between these variables and the mediating role of resilience. A total of 436 students from a university in Taiwan were recruited; the mean age was 20.87, with 46.3% female and 73.6% engaging in over 150 min/week of moderate PA. Gender and age negatively correlated with PA. After controlling for age and gender, there was no direct effect of physical activity on PoM; both mindful self-awareness and PA predict resilience, which in turn predicts PoM, suggesting that both cognitive (i.e., mindful self-awareness) and PA are important to cultivate resilience and thus PoM.

By considering the maximal efficacy among allocation vectors, we define two power indices under specific multicriteria conditions. Additionally, we introduce a reduction approach to the axiomatic framework for these power indices. Furthermore, we propose an alternative formulation that focuses on discrepancy mapping. Based on reduction and discrepancy mapping, we also provide two dynamic procedures.

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is an important marker of cancer, which is closely related to tumorigenesis, disease progression, treatment efficacy, and patient prognosis. However, due to the limitations of the currently available detection methods, its exact clinical significance remains unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated that 89% of invasive breast cancer cases possess CIN, suggesting that it has potential application in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we describe the two main types of CIN and discuss the associated detection methods. Subsequently, we highlight the impact of CIN in breast cancer development and progression and describe how it can influence treatment and prognosis. The goal of this review is to provide a reference on its mechanism for researchers and clinicians.

Background: Thalassemia presents a higher incidence in southern China. The objective of this study is to analyze the genotype distribution of thalassemia in Yangjiang, a western city of Guangdong Province in China.Methods: The genotypes of suspected cases with thalassemia were tested by PCR and reverse dot blot (RDB). Unidentified rare thalassemia genotypes of the samples were further ascertained by PCR and direct DNA sequencing.Results: Among 22467 suspected cases with thalassemia, 7658 cases were found with thalassemia genotypes using our PCR-RDB kit. Among these 7658 cases, 5313 cases were found with α-thalassemia (α-thal) alone, --SEA/αα was the most common genotype, accounting for 61.75% of α-thal genotypes, and the following mutations were found: α3.7/αα, -α4.2/αα, αCSα/αα, αWSα/αα, and αQSα/αα. A total of 2032 cases were found with β-thalassemia (β-thal) alone. βCD41-42/βN, βIVS−II−654/βN, and β−28/βN accounted for 80.9% of all β-thal genotypes, and the following genotypes were found: βCD17/βN, βCD71-72/βN, and βE/βN. Compound heterozygotes of β-thal and β-thalassemia homozygotes were identified in 11 and five cases, respectively, in this study. α-thal combined with β-thal was identified in 313 cases, showing 57 genotype combinations of the coincidence of both Hb disorders; one extreme patient had a genotype of --SEA/αWSα and βCD41-42/β−28. In addition, four rare α-mutations (--THAI, HKαα, Hb Q-Thailand, and CD31 AGG>AAG) and six rare β-mutations (CD39 CAG>TAG, IVS-Ⅱ-2 (−T), −90(C>T), Chinese Gγ+(Aγδβ)0, CD104 (-G), and CD19 A>G) were also found in this study population.Conclusion: This study provided detailed genotypes of thalassemia in Yangjiang of western Guangdong Province in China and reflected the complexity of genotypes in this high-prevalence region, and this would be valuable for diagnosis and counseling for thalassemia in this area.

This paper aims to clarify the characteristic of the Mathematics, Data Science, and AI programs (The MDASH Literacy programs) by analyzing related policies and the response of higher education institutions. In conclude, to cultivate talents who can respond to the change of information-oriented society, Japanese higher education institutions offered courses related to the MDASH Literacy consciously. However, the resources, scale, and institutional frameworks are different in these institutions. Secondly, most of the MDASH Literacy programs are in the transition stage without being well-developed. In other words, the institutions established the new MDASH literacy programs for all students cautiously. Furthermore, some of them offered the programs by modifying the existing information science subjects or reincorporating several subjects corresponding to the model curriculum. According to the offering status of these programs, it can be supposed that though each higher education institution realized the importance of introducing the MDASH literacy programs, there is no surplus for them to establish new courses, hire the specialized faculties and reorganize the educational organizations.

The growth characteristic of primary faceted Al2Cu intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during solidification was observed directly by synchrotron radiography. The formation and transition mechanisms of Al2Cu IMCs with diverse morphologies were elucidated by first-principle calculations combined with electron backscatter diffraction analysis. The Al2Cu crystals preferred to grow along the [001] direction and were bounded by {110} planes with the lowest surface energy. The faceted Al2Cu rod-like clusters consisted of multiple crystals with complete rod, hollowness and partial sides, which was attributed to the increase in strain energy and solute redistribution during solidification. The faceted Al2Cu with branches was characteristic with the perpendicular relationship between the main branches and side steps and partial coalescence at the junction, which was ascribed to the continuous propagation and growth of newly formed crystals along the diagonal direction.

Background: Frankincense has been used as a traditional medicine in many countries. It is an important herb with multiple targets and therapeutic effects, including liver protection. However, its mechanism of action in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains unknown. Objective: The purpose of this work was to elucidate the active components, core genes, and molecular mechanism of frankincense in DILI through network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. Methods: The active components of frankincense and its target genes were obtained from the BATMAN-TCM database, and the DILI target genes were obtained from the GeneCards and Drug- Bank databases. Cytoscape was used to create the compound-shared gene target network. STRING and DAVID software were used to analyze key targets and pathway enrichment. Autodock Vina software was used for molecular docking. Results: Network analysis identified 16 compounds in frankincense and 103 target genes highly related to DILI. The core genes in the protein-protein interaction network are INS, IL6, TP53, TNF, SRC, PTGS2, IL1B, CAT, IL10, and IGF1. Furthermore, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the effect of frankincense on DILI is related to positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter and inflammatory response. Core pathways such as the HIF-1, TNF, FoxO, PI3K-Akt, and the sphingolipid signaling pathway are closely related to DILI. Conclusion: This study revealed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of frankincense and unveiled potential DILI healing targets. This study could provide insights for further development of drugs that specifically target DILI.

With the development of gene sequencing technology, an explosive growth of gene data has been witnessed. And the storage of gene data has become an important issue. Traditional gene data compression methods rely on general software like G-zip, which fails to utilize the interrelation of nucleotide sequence. Recently, many researchers begin to investigate deep learning based gene data compression method. In this paper, we propose a transformer-based gene compression method named GeneFormer. Specifically, we first introduce a modified transformer structure to fully explore the nucleotide sequence dependency. Then, we propose fixed-length parallel grouping to accelerate the decoding speed of our autoregressive model. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that our method saves 29.7% bit rate compared with the state-of-the-art method, and the decoding speed is significantly faster than all existing learning-based gene compression methods.

BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine is used as an antimalarial and immunomodulator, however it can induce QT prolongation that could potentially lead to fatal arrhythmia. We investigated changes in QT interval in long-term hydroxychloroquine users, and identified possible risk factors associated with significant QTc prolongation. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 3603 patients who received long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment from 2009 to 2019, of whom 167 had electrocardiography (ECG) results before and during hydroxychloroquine therapy. Baseline characteristics, laboratory data, comorbidities, concurrent medications, and related clinical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS: Overall, 225 patients (6.2%) died within the study period, with 50 patients (1.4%) continuously receiving hydroxychloroquine treatment until death. Three patients had fatal ventricular arrhythmia. No significant change in corrected QT interval (QTc) was noted before and during hydroxychloroquine treatment (451.1 ± 39.9 ms vs. 456.0 ± 37.3 ms, P = 0.140) in the ECG cohort. Multivariable logistic regression showed that diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR): 9.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02-45.22; P = 0.005] and use of additional QT-prolonging drugs (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.40-5.94; P = 0.004) were independent risk factors for significant QTc prolongation. Multiple linear regression, with the number of QT-prolonging drugs and comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation as explanatory variables, predicted QTc response (adjusted R(2) = 0.385) in the long-term hydroxychloroquine users. CONCLUSIONS: In the long-term users of hydroxychloroquine, those with diabetes mellitus and concurrent use of additional QT-prolonging drugs were at a higher risk of significant QTc prolongation. Baseline QTc interval, concurrent medications, and comorbidities predicted QTc response.

Although maxillary protraction with or without expansion is a widely known orthopedic treatment in young skeletal Class III patients, the skeletal effect on the reinforcement of maxillary growth over time from the traditional methods has been debated and remains controversial. In addition, in the long-term observation, the study results were inconsistent and there is limited data regarding the outcomes of long term changes on the maxilla. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of the long-term changes on the maxilla through a face mask (FM) with or without rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in the skeletal CIII child or young adolescent.

A located field experiment was conducted to investigate, dynamic change of the soil active nitrogen concentration, and nitrogen availability under application of reduced chemical fertilizer combined with Chinese milk vetch. Another aim was to explore the optimal application rate of Chinese milk vetch fresh grass and nitrogen utilization efficiency, thus providing theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in double cropping paddy soil. Soil samples were collected in the typical period of rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch rotation, i.e., before the incorporation of Chinese milk vetch(S1), tillering stage of early rice(S2), mature stage of early rice(S3), tillering stage of late rice(S4), and mature stage of late rice(S5). The samples were analyzed for the dynamic changes in soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN), dissolved organic nitrogen(DON), and nitrogen availability. The concentrations of NH4+-N and NO- 3-N in the soil at the mature stage of late rice were also analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, each fertilization treatment led to an increase in the concentration of soil total nitrogen(TN), ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), and nitrate nitrogen(NO- 3-N), with an increase of 10.4%~21.2%, 10.3%~44.1%, and 14.7%~52.9%, respectively. The concentrations increased with the amount of Chinese milk vetch applied(15.0~22.5 t·hm-2), but showed a decreasing trend when the applied amount was over 22.5 t·hm-2. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the application of reduced chemical fertilizer combined with Chinese milk vetch led to an increase in the contents of soil MBN, DON, and active nitrogen, with an increase of 7.0%~28.7%, 8.5%~22.5%, and 5.8%~26.6%, respectively. The concentrations of MBN, DON, and active nitrogen increased first and then decreased with the increase in the amount of Chinese milk vetch. The content of both MBN and active nitrogen was highest at 22.5 t·hm-2 of Chinese milk vetch, while that of DON was highest at 30.0 t·hm-2 of Chinese milk vetch. The ratio of MBN to TN was highest at 22.5 t·hm-2 of Chinese milk vetch, whereas that of DON to TN was highest at 30.0 t·hm-2 of Chinese milk vetch. The concentrations of MBN and DON in soil and the ratios of MBN to TN and DON to TN fluctuated significantly between different periods of the same treatment. In general, the soil MBN concentration and the ratio of MBN to TN decreased significantly in the tillering stage of early rice, rebounded in the mature stage of early rice, and gradually decreased in the mature stage of late rice. The soil DON concentration and the ratio of DON to TN decreased to the lowest level in the mature stage of early rice, and then increased again in the mature stage of late rice stage. Comprehensively, the long-term cultivation of Chinese milk vetch under 40% reduced chemical fertilization can not only increase the soil active nitrogen concentration, but also improve the soil nitrogen availability. Moreover, the optimal application rate of Chinese milk vetch is recommended as 22.5~30.0 t·hm-2.

Effect of cooling rate on the 3D morphology and the growth mechanism of the proeutectic Al3Ni intermetallic compound (IMC) that forms at the Al/Ni interface after solidification was investigated by synchrotron X-ray microtomography in combination with EBSD analysis. The proeutectic Al3Ni phase that forms under an average cooling rate of 0.1 K s−1 shows a characteristic faceted growth behavior and presents a typical 3D morphology as partially hollow quadrangular prisms. On the contrary, that forms under an average cooling rate of 10 K s−1 shows complicated dendritic morphology with asymmetrically distributed arms and faceted V-shape groove at the distal end, indicating a gradual transition of the growth behavior from non-faceted to faceted during the solidification process. These results reveal that the morphology of the proeutectic Al3Ni is highly sensitive to the solidification condition so that fine control of the desired morphology may be achieved by carefully manipulating the cooling profile.

The common strain black carp (Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis), known for its black skin is cultured in the integrated rice-agriculture system and non-escape property under torrential floods. The total mitogenome length of Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis obtained in this study was 16,478bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2rRNA genes (large and small), a light strand origin of replication, and one major non-coding region. By providing the complete mitochondrial genomes of Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis, we will further understand the phylogenetic relationships within genus.

The liquid/solid (L/S) interface of dissimilar metals is critical to the microstructure, mechanical strength, and structural integrity of interconnects in many important applications such as electronics, automotive, aeronautics, and astronautics, and therefore has drawn increasing research interests. To design preferential microstructure and optimize mechanical properties of the interconnects, it is crucial to understand the formation and growth mechanisms of diversified structures at the L/S interface during interconnecting. In situ synchrotron radiation or tube-generated X-ray radiography and tomography technologies make it possible to observe the evolution of the L/S interface directly and therefore have greatly propelled the research in this field. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding the L/S interface behaviors using advanced in situ X-ray imaging techniques with a particular focus on the following two issues: (1) interface behaviors in the solder joints for microelectronic packaging including the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during reflow, Sn dendrites, and IMCs during solidification and reflow porosities and (2) growth characteristics and morphological transition of IMCs in the interconnect of dissimilar metals at high temperature. Furthermore, the main achievements and future research perspectives in terms of metallurgical bonding mechanisms under complex conditions with improved X-ray sources and detectors are remarked and discussed.

This study focuses on how to efficiently and accurately recommend personalized learning resources for users when they are in the face of massive learning resources. A recommendation system is developed with software engineering methods. Knowledge graph technology is integrated in the system; curriculum knowledge graphs are constructed to solve the problems of semi-structured data storage and knowledge fragmentation. Two kinds of recommendation methods are adopted to achieve the goal of learners' personalized learning, one is Euclidean distance recommendation algorithm based on user behavior graph library, the other is learning mode recommendation algorithm and sequential mode recommendation algorithm based on user session library. The recommendation system maintains the interpret-ability and the accuracy of recommendation based on user historical behavior data; and realizes recommendation based on user session library in the context of lacking users’ historical data.

A writable ultrafine water-based conductive ink with excellent stability and no harmful gas emission was prepared. The mass fraction of carbon conductive particles was 4.95%, and the mean median pa...

Objective To analyze copy number variations (CNVs) of pfpm2 gene in 122 imported cases of Palciparum falciparum (P.f) infection in Changsha from 2016 to 2019 for predicting the risk of imported drug-resistant P.f strains in Changsha. Methods We collected dried blood spot samples of anticoagulated peripheral venous blood from 122 patients with a single infection of P.f, who were treated in designated medical facilities for malaria in Changsha in the years of 2016-2019. For each specimen, the CNVs of pfpm2 gene were detected in parallel with the standard strain 3D7 using real-time PCR. The CNVs values of the samples were compared across the years and also among different source countries of the cases. Results We analyzed a total of 122 P.f strains isolated from imported cases from 25 countries. The mean value of CNVs of pfpm2 gene in the 122 strains was significantly higher than that of the standard strain 3D7 (1.222±0.422 vs 1.007±0.023, P < 0.001). There were 23 Strains Whose CNVs Values of pfpm2 gene were higher than 1.5, which were imported from 12 countries including Nigeria (6/15), Congo (5/18), Cote d'Ivoire (2/5) and Sierra Leone (2/8). The percentage of strains with pfpm2 CNVs >1.5 was 13.2% (5/38) in 2016, 16.0% (4/25) in 2017, 22.9% (8/35) in 2018 and 25.0% (6/24) in 2019 respectively. The mean value of pfpm2 gene CNVs was 1.061±0.323 in 2016, 1.184±0.247 in 2017, 1.292±0.571 in 2018 and 1.414±0.360 in 2019, showing significant differences across the years except the years of 2017 and 2018 or 2018 and 2019 (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). The mean values of pfpm2 gene CNVs of the strains from Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Tanzania and Burundi were significantly higher than the overall mean of the 122 strains (P < 0.05). Conclusion The CNVs of pfpm2 gene of P.f imported from African countries to Changsha are increased year by year, suggesting an increase in the risk of drug-resistant P.f strains in Changsha. Some clinical P.f strains from West Africa may have developed drug resistance, and thus may show poor response to current antimalarial drugs.

The interplay and intergrowth characteristic of faceted intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during solidification was originally investigated through the rod-like Al3Ni crystals in the liquid Al/solid Ni interconnection by using synchrotron radiography, and the diversified 3-D morphologies were reconstructed by synchrotron tomography. A spatial geometric model was established to effectively predict the diversified growth patterns of two spatial crystals. For the two overlapping Al3Ni crystals, the impeded crystal growth was divided into three different stages, decided by the hindrance form the other crystal. Further, the groove formed on the crystal surface is directly related to the solute redistribution under the critical condition of boundary layer thickness larger than two crystals distance. The closer distance and smaller crystal size indicate the deeper and larger groove, and the morphology changes from hemispheroid to hemi-ellipsoid with the increased opposite and interacted faces.

Additional file 2. Scoring for asbestos knowledge

Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is mainly extracted from tea, onions, and apples. It has the underlying neuroprotective effect on experimental ischemic stroke. A systematic review and meta-analysis were used to assess quercetin’s efficacy and possible mechanisms in treating focal cerebral ischemia. Compared with the control group, twelve studies reported a remarkable function of quercetin in improving the neurological function score (NFS) (P

Additional file 1. Asbestos awareness questionnaire

We present a self-trainable method, Mask2Hand, which learns to solve the challenging task of predicting 3D hand pose and shape from a 2D binary mask of hand silhouette/shadow without additional manually-annotated data. Given the intrinsic camera parameters and the parametric hand model in the camera space, we adopt the differentiable rendering technique to project 3D estimations onto the 2D binary silhouette space. By applying a tailored combination of losses between the rendered silhouette and the input binary mask, we are able to integrate the self-guidance mechanism into our end-to-end optimization process for constraining global mesh registration and hand pose estimation. The experiments show that our method, which takes a single binary mask as the input, can achieve comparable prediction accuracy on both unaligned and aligned settings as state-of-the-art methods that require RGB or depth inputs. Our code is available at https://github.com/lijenchang/Mask2Hand.

A liquid-phase stripping method was used to strip the graphite under the action of mechanical shear force to prepare graphene nanosheets (GNSs) on a large scale. Given the multicomponent composite conductive particles formed by GNSs with acid-treated MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB), the three-dimensional (3D) intercalation electrothermal composite of GNSs/MWCNTs/CB with excellent conductivity and mechanical properties was prepared with water-based acrylic resin as a connector. Carbon particles (16.97 wt %) are found in the composite and the sheet resistance (Rs) is only 4 Ω sq-1 as f-MWCNTs and CB intercalations form a more stable 3D conducting medium between the GNSs. The flexible electrothermal film (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) printed with the 3D intercalation GNSs/MWCNTs/CB composite had a saturation temperature (Ts) of 175 °C with an input of 3 V and lower power consumption (249.87 cm2 W-1). It only takes 10 s to reach Ts and the electrical performance is still intact under the pressure of 1 × 105 kPa. After being bent 2500 times (bending radius is 5 mm), the electrothermal performance of the flexible electrothermal film remained stable.

The dissolution of substrate and growth behavior of diversified IMCs at the liquid Al/solid Cu interface were in-situ observed through synchrotron radiography. The formation and growth characteristics of diversified layers at the interface were investigated, and the difference between the critical thicknesses of growing layers before new IMCs formation was determined. The primary IMCs formation during holding or solidification was achieved by controlling the Al amount and holding time. Three IMCs, e2, γ1 and β, formed sequentially at the interface during reactive diffusion, following by η2 and θ IMCs during solidification. The primary phase and IMCs formation sequence during diffusion reaction were effectively predicted from the driving force and consistent with the in-situ observation. The growth of e2 layer at the early stage and γ1 layer were dominated by chemical reaction, while the limited atoms diffusion based on a multiphase growth model resulted in the e2 and β growth deviating from a linear relationship. In addition, a larger concentration range of the lately formed phase and a smaller concentration range of the growing phase preferred an increasing critical thickness.

Effect of Si on the growth behavior of the Fe2Al5 phase formed at the Al-xSi(liquid)/Fe(solid) interface during holding was investigated by a synchrotron radiation real-time imaging technique. Results show that growth of the Fe2Al5 phase is accompanied by its simultaneous dissolution into the melt. Addition of Si inhibits the growth of Fe2Al5 to reduce its thickness and change its morphology. The growth and dissolution kinetics of the Fe2Al5 phase are discussed.

This paper aims to clarify the difference and the issues of the Unification of Kindergarten and Nursery Schools Policy (Unification Policies) between Japan and Taiwan by analyzing the integrated-childcare-institutions, Taiwanese kindergartens and Japanese Certified Centers for Early Childhood Education and Care (Certified Centers). These institutions were introduced under the implementation of the Unification Policies. The background, purpose, institutional framework and the status of integrated-childcare-institutions were examined in this paper for exploring the research questions. The above examinations raise three different points of Unification Policies between Japan and Taiwan. First of all, Japan and Taiwan adopted the traditional system differently within implementing Unification policies. Secondly, although Japan and Taiwan's Unification policies both introduced integrated-childcare-institutions for responding to education needs diversely, Taiwan put emphasis on organizational reform for enhancing the function of institutions. On the other hand, Japan mainly pays attention to increase the options between institutions. Lastly, the early childhood system was considered differently between Japan and Taiwan. Japan tends to create a more flexible system to support raising children. However, Taiwan's early childhood education system is expected to offer quality education rather than to support raising children. To sum up, it is necessary to implement Unification policies from a more comprehensive perspective and think about how to respond to the various needs of the early childhood education system.

Summary MicroRNA‐like RNAs (milRNAs) post‐transcriptionally down‐regulate target genes. We investigated Fusarium graminearum (Fg) milRNA expression during fungal vegetative growth and infection of wheat. Small RNA sequencing identified 36 milRNAs from Fg, one of which, Fgmil‐2, had >100 transcripts per million in conidia, mycelia and infected wheat, with the highest expression in conidia and the lowest expression in colonized wheat tissue. Fgmil‐2 displays perfect homology to the 3ʹ‐untranslated region (3ʹ‐UTR) of an FgbioH1 messenger RNA that is involved in biotin biosynthesis. Poly(A) polymerase‐mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends combined with sequencing analysis demonstrated that cleavage at a specific site by FgDicer2 in the 3ʹ‐UTR of FgbioH1 transcripts generated the Fgmil‐2 precursor with a typical hairpin structure. Deletion of FgbioH1 or FgDicer2 genes abolished Fgmil‐2 biogenesis. FgbioH1 had an inversely correlated pattern of expression to that of Fgmil‐2 and FgDicer2. Deletion of FgbioH1 also showed that it is required for mycelial growth, virulence, mycotoxin biosynthesis and expression of biotin‐dependent carboxylase genes. This study reveals in Fg a novel mode of inversely correlated post‐transcriptional regulation in which Fgmil‐2 originates from its own target transcript, FgbioH, to govern biotin biosynthesis.

Background: With the declining trend of new drugs yield each year, more comprehensive knowledge of drug MoAs can help identify new applications of available drugs and discovery novel mechanism of drug action. Objective: Therefore, construction of a specialized drug mode of action (MoA) database is of paramount importance for new drug research & development. Methods: This paper introduces an integrated database for drug mode of action knowledge (MoABank). Results: This database can provide the knowledge about drug MoAs, targets, pathways, side effects and other drug-related information for researchers. Conclusion: We believe MoABank can make it more convenient for users to obtain the drug MoA information in the future.

Dielectric polymer film capacitors with high energy density and low energy loss are highly desirable in compact electronic devices and high power density electric systems. To overcome the high dielectric loss of poly(vinylidene fluoride) based ferroelectric polymers, in this work, a series of antiferroelectric-like poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-graft-poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) (PVDF-MS) copolymers were successfully synthesized using an atom transfer radical polymerization procedure. The merits including the excellent miscibility of PMMA with both PSt and PVDF, and the promising insulating performance of PSt segments are combined in the resultant copolymers. The introduction of increased P(St-MMA) (MS) side chains leads to significantly enhanced energy density, low conduction loss and energy loss compared with the pristine P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE). The highest energy density of 17 J cm−3 and the discharge efficiency of 87% at 600 MV m−1 are achieved by the sample containing 28 wt% MS. The excellent dielectric and capacitive properties of the grafted copolymers offer a strategy for the synthesis of high dielectric polymer dielectrics with promising energy storage properties.

We demonstrate ferroelectric (FE) memory transistors on a crystalline silicon channel with endurance exceeding $10^{10}$ cycles. The ferroelectric transistors (FeFETs) incorporate a high-$\kappa$ interfacial layer (IL) of thermally grown silicon nitride (SiN$_x$) and a thin 4.5 nm layer of Zr-doped FE-HfO$_2$ on a $\sim$30 nm SOI channel. The device shows a $\sim$ 1V memory window in a DC sweep of just $\pm$ 2.5V, and can be programmed and erased with voltage pulses of $V_G= \pm$ 3V at a pulse width of 250 ns. The device also shows very good retention behavior. These results indicate that appropriate engineering of the IL layer could substantially improve FeFET device performance and reliability.

There is an urgent need to develop new life-prolonging therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is demonstrated that improved irinotecan delivery by a lipid bilayer coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle, also known as a silicasome, can improve PDAC survival through a chemo-immunotherapy response in an orthotopic Kras-dependent pancreatic cancer model. This discovery is premised on the weak-basic properties of irinotecan, which neutralizes the acidic lysosomal pH in PDAC cells. This effect triggers a linked downstream cascade of events that include autophagy inhibition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. ICD is characterized by calreticulin expression and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release in dying Kras-induced pancreatic cancer (KPC) cells, which is demonstrated in a vaccination experiment to prevent KPC tumor growth on the contralateral site. The improved delivery of irinotecan by the silicasome is accompanied by robust antitumor immunity, which can be synergistically enhanced by anti-PD-1 in the orthotopic model. Immunophenotyping confirms the expression of calreticulin, HMGB1, PD-L1, and an autophagy marker, in addition to perforin and granzyme B deposition. The chemo-immunotherapy response elicited by the silicasome is more robust than free or a liposomal drug, Onivyde. The silicasome plus anti-PD-1 leads to significantly enhanced survival improvement, and is far superior to anti-PD-1 plus either free irinotecan or Onivyde.

ABTRACT The common strain black carp (Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis), known for its black skin is cultured in the integrated rice-agriculture system and non-escape property under torrential floods. The total mitogenome length of Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis obtained in this study was 16,478bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2rRNA genes (large and small), a light strand origin of replication, and one major non-coding region. By providing the complete mitochondrial genomes of Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis, we will further understand the phylogenetic relationships within genus.

Additional file 1. The PowerPoint for the control group.

We demonstrate ferroelectric (FE) memory transistors on a crystalline silicon channel with endurance exceeding $10^{10}$ cycles. The ferroelectric transistors (FeFETs) incorporate a high-$��$ interfacial layer (IL) of thermally grown silicon nitride (SiN$_x$) and a thin 4.5 nm layer of Zr-doped FE-HfO$_2$ on a $\sim$30 nm SOI channel. The device shows a $\sim$ 1V memory window in a DC sweep of just $\pm$ 2.5V, and can be programmed and erased with voltage pulses of $V_G= \pm$ 3V at a pulse width of 250 ns. The device also shows very good retention behavior. These results indicate that appropriate engineering of the IL layer could substantially improve FeFET device performance and reliability.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-tam-10.1177_17588359211022886 for The value of circulating fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio in predicting survival and benefit from chemotherapy in colorectal cancer by Hou-Qun Ying, Fan Sun, Yu-Cui Liao, Dan Cai, Ying Yang and Xue-Xin Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359211022886 for The value of circulating fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio in predicting survival and benefit from chemotherapy in colorectal cancer by Hou-Qun Ying, Fan Sun, Yu-Cui Liao, Dan Cai, Ying Yang and Xue-Xin Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

Additional file 1: Figure S1 Biosynthetic pathway of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the engineered Escherichia coli used in this study. Black: E. coli genes; red: Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene. PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; E4P: D-erythrose 4-phosphate; DAHP: 3-deoxy-arabino-heptulonate 7-phosphate; DHQ: 3-dehydroquinate; DHS: 3-dehydroshikimate; EPSP: enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate. aroF/aroH/aroG: 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase gene; aroB: 3-dehydroquinate synthase gene; aroD: 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase gene; aroE: shikimate dehydrogenase gene; aroK/aroL: shikimate kinase gene; aroA: 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase gene; aroC: chorismate synthase gene; tyrA: chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase gene; pheA: chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase gene; ARO10: phenylpyruvate decarboxylase gene from S. cerevisiae; feaB: phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene. Figure S2. CRISPRi-based gene repression. (A) Block transcription initiation via competition with RNA polymerase (RNAP) or transcription factors (TFs) for binding to promoter DNA. When the dCas9-sgRNA complex binds to the promoter sequence or the cis-acting transcription factor binding site (TFBS), it can block transcription initiation by sterically inhibiting the binding of RNAP or transcription factors (TFs). Silencing of transcription initiation is effective for both nontemplate (NT) and template (T) DNA strand. (B) Block transcription elongation by targeting the CDS and preventing the transcription elongation complex from passing. When the dCas9-sgRNA complex binds to the NT DNA strand of the UTR or the protein coding region, it can repress gene expression by blocking the elongating RNAPs. Silencing of transcription elongation is effective only for the NT DNA strand. Additionally, the interference is negatively correlated with the distance of the target site from the transcription start site. Thus, to achieve better repression, target sites within the 5’ end of the gene should be selected. Figure S3. Effect of repression of NADHP-consuming enzyme-encoding genes on the production of 4HPAA. Figure S4. Effect of repression of ATP-consuming enzyme-encoding genes on the production of 4HPAA. Figure S5. (A) The 4HPAA tolerance of E. coli 4HPAA (■) and E. coli 4HPAA-GS-2-4 (●). Cells were cultured in the presence of 35.0 g/L 4HPAA at 30°C and 200 rpm for 24 h. (B) The 4HPAA production (gray bar) and growth (white bar) of E. coli 4HPAA and E. coli 4HPAA-GS-2-4. Figure S6. Plasmid maps used for CRISPRi in this study. Table S1. Transcriptional levels of the selected genes in E. coli 4HPAA-2 after CRISPRi-based repression compared with those without sgRNAs. Table S2. Primers used in this study.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-tam-10.1177_17588359211022886 for The value of circulating fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio in predicting survival and benefit from chemotherapy in colorectal cancer by Hou-Qun Ying, Fan Sun, Yu-Cui Liao, Dan Cai, Ying Yang and Xue-Xin Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-tam-10.1177_17588359211022886 for The value of circulating fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio in predicting survival and benefit from chemotherapy in colorectal cancer by Hou-Qun Ying, Fan Sun, Yu-Cui Liao, Dan Cai, Ying Yang and Xue-Xin Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359211022886 for The value of circulating fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio in predicting survival and benefit from chemotherapy in colorectal cancer by Hou-Qun Ying, Fan Sun, Yu-Cui Liao, Dan Cai, Ying Yang and Xue-Xin Cheng in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

In many game-theoretical results, the reduction axiom and its converse have been regarded as important requirements under axiomatic processes for solutions. However, it is shown that the replicated core counters a specific (inferior) converse reduction axiom under multi-choice non-transferable-utility situations. Thus, two modified reductions and relative properties of the reduction axiom and its converse are proposed to characterize the replicated core in this article.The main methods and relative results are as follows. First, two different types of reductions are proposed by focusing on both participants and participation levels under relative symmetric reducing behavior. Further, relative reduction axioms and their converse are adopted to characterize the replicated core.