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Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The locations of hospitals (dots) in New York City metropolitan area (shaded area) with different geographic boundaries: Counties (red outlines), Health Referral Regions (HRRs; green outlines), and Health Service Areas (HSAs; blue outlines). Fig. S2. Distributions of patient racial/ethnic compositions at different level of geography level in the New York City metropolitan area. CNTY=county, HRR=health referral region, HSA=health service area. Fig. S3. Distributions of patient racial/ethnic compositions and hospital characteristics by top safety net hospital status. Fig. S4. Distributions of patient racial/ethnic compositions and hospital characteristics by hospital ownership. Fig. S5. Distribution of hospital overall rating during the years 2015-2020. Table S1. Proportion of patient race/ethnicity across 84 hospitals in the New York City Metropolitan area. (Minorities are the sum of non-Hispanic Black, Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islander, Alaskan Native/American Indian, and other race/ethnicity groups that are not non-Hispanic White).

Supplemental Material for Physical Activity Patterns and Cognitive Health among Older Adults in the United States by Weixin Li, Yan Li, Ming Wen, and Bian Liu in Journal of Applied Gerontology.

Protein kinases control nearly every facet of cellular function. These key signaling nodes integrate diverse pathway inputs to regulate complex physiological processes, and aberrant kinase signaling is linked to numerous pathologies. While fluorescent protein-based biosensors have revolutionized the study of kinase signaling by allowing direct, spatiotemporally precise kinase activity measurements in living cells, powerful new molecular tools capable of robustly tracking kinase activity dynamics across diverse experimental contexts are needed to fully dissect the role of kinase signaling in physiology and disease. Here, we report the development of an ultrasensitive, second-generation excitation-ratiometric protein kinase A (PKA) activity reporter (ExRai-AKAR2), obtained via high-throughput linker library screening, that enables sensitive and rapid monitoring of live-cell PKA activity across multiple fluorescence detection modalities, including plate reading, cell sorting and one- or two-photon imaging. Notably, in vivo visual cortex imaging in awake mice reveals highly dynamic neuronal PKA activity rapidly recruited by forced locomotion.

On the basis of the sub-fractional Black-Scholes model, considering that the financial market is uncertain with randomness and fuzziness, we used stochastic analysis, fractal theory and fuzzy set theory to construct European option pricing model based on the long-term memory property of the financial market in an uncertain environment. Afterwards the influence of Hurst index H, a measure of long-term memory in financial market, on European option pricing is analyzed. Finally, the rationality and feasibility of the pricing model are demonstrated by numerical experiment. The obtained results show that the European options pricing model with long-term memory property is more suitable for financial markets under uncertain environment.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Distributions of neighborhood tenure and relocation by major cancer types, NHIS 2013–2018. Table 2. Standard differences in variables before and after the propensity score matching. Table S3. Associations between shorter neighborhood tenure and cancer history status. Table S4. Factors associated with neighborhood relocation after the first cancer diagnosis, excluding those whose cancer duration and neighborhood tenure were in the same time duration category.

Additional file 1. R code for Fig. 3.

Single-phase white light emitting phosphor Ba 9 Sc 2 Si 6 O 24 :Eu 2+ ,Mn 2+ has been successfully prepared by solid-state reaction. The energy transfer process from Eu 2+ to Mn 2+ has been demonstrated based on the excitation spectra, luminescent lifetime and low temperature spectra. Under ultraviolet light excitation, Eu 2+ emits blue light (∼460 nm) and green light (∼512 nm), Mn 2+ gets the energy transferred from Eu 2+ and emits red light (∼615 nm). White light is obtained by tuning the concentration of Eu 2+ and Mn 2+ . Those results suggest that Ba 9 Sc 2 Si 6 O 24 :Eu 2+ ,Mn 2+ can be a promising single phase phosphor for white light emitting diode (w-LED).

A series of single phase Ba9−x−ySc2−zSi6O24:xCe,yEu,zMn phosphors was synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reactions. The luminescent properties of single-doped, co-doped and tri-doped Ce3+/Eu2+/Mn2+ in the host Ba9Sc2Si6O24 were studied on the basis of the photoluminescence excitation/emission spectra, photoluminescence decay behaviors and time resolved emission spectra. Two types of luminescent centers of Eu(1)/Eu(2,3) as well as Ce(1)/Ce(2,3) occupying different crystallography sites were confirmed, and the sensitizing effects of Ce3+ → Eu2+, Ce2+ → Mn2+ and Eu2+ → Mn2+ were clearly observed. In the tri-doped samples, Eu2+ competed with Mn2+ for the energy transferred from Ce3+ and also transferred its observed energy to Mn2+. Furthermore, the tri-doped Ba9Sc2Si6O24 phosphors emitting white light with various correlated color temperatures were obtained by adjusting the relative content of Ce3+, Eu2+ and Mn2+.

Strontium silicate Sr2SiO4 undergoes a displacive phase transformation around 85 °C. However, the steady state spectra involved in the process lacks investigation. In this paper, two kinds of Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ with and without Ba ions are synthesized. They are tested for XRD patterns and luminescent spectra at varying temperatures. The results show that Ba ions could effectively suppress the phase transition. For sample without Ba, temperature-dependent XRD patterns confirm the occurrence of phase transition and the emission peak positions at varying temperatures demonstrate a hysteresis behavior. The color of sample heated to 100 °C under UV illumination is distinguishable from that unheated. This structure-sensitive behavior make Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ as potential thermochromic material.

The influence of the replacement of SiN + by AlO + on crystal structure and luminescence properties is reported in a series of Sr 2 Si 5− x Al x N 8− x O x :0.02Eu 2+ phosphors. Changes of refined lattice parameters of the powder X-ray diffraction data suggest that preferential occupation occurred in the evolution of crystal structure: only N II atoms which are connected with two Si atoms can be substituted by O atoms. It is evidenced that Al and O have adverse influence on the emission bands, which just keep the emission peak position around 620 nm. Time-resolved photoluminescence analysis has been employed to describe the energy transfer in Sr 2 Si 5− x Al x N 8− x O x :Eu 2+ samples. The energy transfer effect depends partly on lattice vibration, i.e. phonon energy. Furthermore, the improved photoluminescence intensity and thermal quenching behavior after substituting of AlO + for SiN + allowed Sr 2 Si 5− x Al x N 8− x O x :0.02Eu 2+ a promising candidate as a red phosphor in the white LED applications when x ≤0.4.

Ce 3+ -doped Ba 9 Sc 2 Si 6 O 24 phosphors with a charge-compensating ion Na + were prepared by solid-state reaction. The crystal structures of the samples with different Ce 3+ concentration were investigated, as well as photoluminescence properties in the near ultraviolet–visible range. From the low temperature excitation and emission spectra of samples with low and high Ce 3+ concentrations, we found that Ba 2+ ions in three different crystallographic sites were replaced by Ce 3+ ions in the host, while two of them were very similar. Accordingly, there are two types of luminescent centers in BSSO:Ce 3+ i.e. Ce 3+ (1) in the Ba(1) site and Ce 3+ (2) in the Ba(2) and Ba(3) sites. With the increase of Ce 3+ concentration, the emission intensity from Ce 3+ (1) becomes lower compared with that of Ce 3+ (2) due to the energy transfer between these two centers, which were confirmed by the life-time and low temperature test results.

Divalent europium-doped alkaline earth metal silicate phosphors, (Ba 1− x − y Sr y Eu x ) 9 Sc 2 Si 6 O 24 ( x =0.005–0.1, y =0–0.95), have been successfully prepared by solid-state reaction at 1350 °C. The analysis of X-ray diffraction shows that the compounds are in a single phase at the proper concentration of Sr 2+ . At room temperature, the Eu 2+ -activated Ba 9 Sc 2 Si 6 O 24 phosphor exhibits a single emission band peaking at about 506 nm. With the increasing content of Sr 2+ , the luminescent intensity of (Ba 1− x − y Sr y Eu x ) 9 Sc 2 Si 6 O 24 weakens, and the emission peak shifts towards red. Luminescence concentration quenching occurs when Eu 2+ content x is more than 1 mol% in (Ba 1− x − y Sr y Eu x ) 9 Sc 2 Si 6 O 24 ( y =0/0.2). At low temperatures (Ba 0.9− y Sr y Eu 0.1 ) 9 Sc 2 Si 6 O 24 ( y =0/0.2) phosphors have two emission bands corresponding to different Eu 2+ crystallographic sites. The high energy peak (P 1 ) is quenched at room temperature, while the low energy peak (P 2 ) weakens much more slowly owing to the energy transfer from P 1 to P 2 .

A novel synthesis route of Eu2+-doped pure-nitride α-sialons has been reported. It is through an alloy-nitridation method at ∼2173 K in nitrogen atmosphere, with stable alloys (CaAl, SiEu), AlN, and α-Si3N4 powders as starting materials. A linear relationship between the lattice parameters and m values of (Ca0.995Eu0.005)m/2Si12−mAlmN16 compositions is obtained, indicating that our samples contain very little oxygen, i.e. herein so-called Eu-doped pure-nitride α-sialons. The (Ca0.995Eu0.005)m/2Si12−mAlmN16 compounds with 2.4≤m≤4.0 give the strongest emission. The emission shifts to longer wavelength with m values increasing as well as Eu contents increasing. (Ca0.995Eu0.005)m/2Si12−mAlmN16 compositions with smaller m values exhibit better thermal quenching properties.

Divalent europium activated tristrontium dialuminum hexaoxide phosphor, (Sr 1- x Eu x ) 3 Al 2 O 6 , was obtained by solid state reaction. Crystal structure and luminescence properties of synthesized (Sr 1- x Eu x ) 3 Al 2 O 6 were investigated. The major excitation band of (Sr 1- x Eu x ) 3 Al 2 O 6 located in blue light region, the photoluminescence spectrum showed red light emission peaked at 618 nm which could be attributed to the d-f transition of the Eu 2+ . The influence of Ca 2+ substitution for Sr 2+ on structural and luminescence properties of Eu 2+ doped Sr 3 Al 2 O 6 was also studied. The photoluminescence peak position of (Sr 1- y Ca y ) 2.94 Eu 0.06 Al 2 O 6 varied from 618 to 655 nm with increasing y value. The reason for redshift in the emission band of (Sr 1- y Ca y ) 2.94 Eu 0.06 Al 2 O 6 phosphor was also discussed.

Trivalent cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce3=) phosphors are synthesized by solid-state reaction method through using (Y1−xCex)2O3 solid solutions as precursors. Solid solubility limits of Ce3= replacing Y3= in Y2O3 and YAG are determined to be 40% and 7.5%, respectively, based on the relationship between the lattice parameter and chemical composition. Using (Y1−xCex)2O3 as precursors we synthesize YAG:Ce3= single phase at 1450 °C and N2 atmosphere. However, under the same conditions using CeO2 there exists a second phase YAlO3 as impurity. The photoluminescence intensity of YAG:Ce3= increases monotonically with the increase of Ce concentration until it reaches a maximum at solid solubility limits of Ce3= in YAG.

A single-phased silicate compound (Ba1−xCex)9(Sc1−yMny)2Si6O24 was prepared by solid-state reaction at high temperature. From powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the formation of Ba9Sc2Si6O24 with an R3 space group was confirmed. In the photoluminescence spectra under ultraviolet (UV) ray excitation, the Ba9Sc2Si6O24:Ce3+, Mn2+ phosphor emits two distinctive color light bands: a blue one originating from Ce3+ and a red one caused by Mn2+. The energy transfer process from Ce3+ to Mn2+ was confirmed, the critical radius as well as the transfer efficiency was calculated, and the energy transfer mechanism was discussed. In addition, the decay-time testing indicates that the energy transfer efficiencies from Ce(1) to Mn2+ and Ce(2) to Mn2+ are different. The emission chromaticity of Ba9Sc2Si6O24:Ce3+, Mn2+ phosphor could be tuned from blue to red by altering the Ce3+/Mn2+ concentration ratio.

Sr2ScAlO5:Eu2+, a red oxide phosphor with a perovskite-type structure, has been synthesized through a solid-state reaction and its luminescence properties have been investigated. An absorption band centering at 450 nm is observed from the diffuse reflection spectra and the excitation spectra, indicating that the phosphor can match perfectly with the blue light of InGaN light-emitting diodes. A broad red emission band at 620 nm is found from the emission spectra, originating from the 4f65d−4f7 transition of the Eu2+ ions. The best doping content of Eu in this material is about 5%. Sr2ScAlO5:Eu2+ is a highly promising red phosphor for use in white light-emitting diodes.